Talk:Cold spot (astronomy)
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| Cold spot (astronomy) has been listed as one of the Natural sciences good articles under the good article criteria. If you can improve it further, please do so. If it no longer meets these criteria, you can reassess it. Review: July 16, 2026. (Reviewed version). |
| This article is rated GA-class on Wikipedia's content assessment scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects: | |||||||||||||||||||||
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GA review
The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
- This review is transcluded from Talk:Cold spot (astronomy)/GA1. The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.
Nominator: RabidTuberculosis (talk · contribs) 17:26, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
Reviewer: ToadalChaos (talk · contribs) 21:56, 29 June 2026 (UTC)
Status: as this review was started as part of the June 2026 GAN backlog drive, I will wait for an expert reviewer to take a look at this review, as per the policy there. However, I consider this GA nomination passed.
Hi, I will gladly review this article in the next few days.
| Rate | Attribute | Review Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Well-written: | ||
| 1a. the prose is clear, concise, and understandable to an appropriately broad audience; spelling and grammar are correct. | ||
| 1b. it complies with the Manual of Style guidelines for lead sections, layout, words to watch, fiction, and list incorporation. | Issues resolved (see below). | |
| 2. Verifiable with no original research, as shown by a source spot-check: | ||
| 2a. it contains a list of all references (sources of information), presented in accordance with the layout style guideline. | I strongly encourage using list-defined references rather than defining them inline. User:PleaseStand/References_segregator and similar tools can be used to migrate, if you wish to. | |
| 2b. reliable sources are cited inline. All content that could reasonably be challenged, except for plot summaries and that which summarizes cited content elsewhere in the article, must be cited no later than the end of the paragraph (or line if the content is not in prose). | Issues resolved (see below). | |
| 2c. it contains no original research. | ||
| 2d. it contains no copyright violations or plagiarism. | ||
| 3. Broad in its coverage: | ||
| 3a. it addresses the main aspects of the topic. | ||
| 3b. it stays focused on the topic without going into unnecessary detail (see summary style). | ||
| 4. Neutral: it represents viewpoints fairly and without editorial bias, giving due weight to each. | ||
| 5. Stable: it does not change significantly from day to day because of an ongoing edit war or content dispute. | ||
| 6. Illustrated, if possible, by media such as images, video, or audio: | ||
| 6a. media are tagged with their copyright statuses, and valid non-free use rationales are provided for non-free content. | ||
| 6b. media are relevant to the topic, and have suitable captions. | ||
| 7. Overall assessment. | ||
Sourcing spot-checks
This table lists 8 random passages from throughout the article (15.7% of 51 total passages). These passages contain 8 inline citations (14.8% of 54 in the article). Generated with the Veracity user script. ToadalChaos (talk) 20:17, 30 June 2026 (UTC)
| Reference # | Letter | Source | Archive | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cooler than the surrounding lunar surface. | |||||
| 1 | b | agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.c… | |||
| Cold spots were systematically characterized and mapped by Joshua Bandfield and other planetary scientists at the Space Science Institute in 2011 using data from the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment (DLRE) on NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. | |||||
| 2 | d | sciencedirect.com | [...] by Joshua Bandfield and collaborators in 2011 using [...] Issues resolved (see below). | ||
| Cold spots appear in Diviner nighttime temperature maps as ray-like or irregular patches of suppressed temperature radiating outward from a central young crater. They are absent from daytime maps, radar backscatter imagery, and visible or near-infrared reflectance data. | |||||
| 2 | f | sciencedirect.com | Issues resolved (see below). | ||
| The total volume of decompacted material in a cold spot is typically more than ten times the volume of the source crater itself. | |||||
| 7 | d | agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.c… | |||
| Larger impacts produce more pronounced cold spots extending across greater distances. | |||||
| 8 | b | ui.adsabs.harvard.edu | |||
| Expanding vapor cloud: A rapidly expanding cloud of material vaporized by impact travels outward across the surface, entraining and disaggregating regolith grains without net deposition. | |||||
| 2 | k | sciencedirect.com | |||
| All cold spots decay toward background thermal properties at roughly the same rate, governed by the rate at which meteorite bombardment and micrometeorite impacts recompact and homogenize the decompacted regolith layer. | |||||
| 1 | k | agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.c… | Larger cold spots may persist longer. This is also contradictory with an earlier sentence in the very same paragraph on the article: Comparison of cold spot crater size and frequency distributions with established crater chronology models constrains their retention time to no more than 0.5 to 1 million years.[1] Smaller cold spots may fade within a few hundred thousand years.. Issues resolved (see below). | ||
| In 2018, BepiColombo was launched by the European Space Agency and JAXA carrying a thermal radiometer that will search for cold spots on Mercury. | |||||
| 5 | c | agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.c… | Issues resolved (see below). | ||
Review notes
MoS
A couple of notes relating to the Manual of Style.
- Consider adding a short description as recommended by WP:INTHELEAD – ToadalChaos (talk) 22:31, 29 June 2026 (UTC)
- I added the following short description:
Cold regions surrounding impact craters
—ToadalChaos (talk) 07:40, 6 July 2026 (UTC)
- I added the following short description:
- The article title is "cold spot", but the lead defines lunar cold spots. This confuses the scope of the article. If the scope includes non-lunar cold spots, the lead and definition should reflect this. See WP:LEAD. In this case, cold spots are de facto mostly only lunar ones, because they have never been observed elsewhere—so we have two options:
- Extend the lead's language to be more generic, then specify that they have only ever been observed on the Moon and those are therefore the most commonly treated (this is my preferred option as it is more future-proof)
- Restrict the title to lunar cold spots and mention the possibility of cold spots appearing elsewhere
- – ToadalChaos (talk) 22:31, 29 June 2026 (UTC)
- @ToadalChaos: Really appreciate your thorough review! I've adressed each comment, here's a quick recap:
- Bandfield/SSI attribution — reworded
and other planetary scientists at the Space Science Institute
toand collaborators
in the lead, and adjusted the parallel sentence in §Discovery and early observations the same way. :Checked the 2014 paper's author list: only Bandfield is Space Science Institute (coauthors are at Hawaiʻi, JPL/Caltech ×2, Boise State, Toronto, and UCLA). - Radar backscatter — removed. Read through Bandfield et al. (2014) in full; it never discusses cold spots' radar visibility at all. Replaced with the no-distinguishing-albedo/spectral/morphological-signature claim, which the source does support.
- "Same rate" claim — reworked. Williams et al. (2018) doesn't support a uniform rate and on closer read actually argues that large cold spots erase faster on the Moon's leading hemisphere (higher flux of secondary impactors there) and that an individual spot's own degradation slows over time as it fades. Rewrote the Lifespan section around this, and added Costello, Ghent & Lucey (2018) for the finding that primary meteorite/micrometeorite flux alone is too slow to explain the observed fading rate, with secondary cratering the dominant driver instead.
- BepiColombo launch date supported w/ a citation to ESA's factsheet.
- Broadened the lead's opening sentence ("cold spot" rather than "lunar cold spot," "an airless planetary surface" rather than "the Moon's surface") per your preferred option; the "found only on the Moon" sentence later in the lead already covers the disambiguation.
- Huge thanks for helping to overhaul the mathematical notation and adding the short description. Please let me know if anything still needs another pass! RabidTuberculosis (talk) 01:41, 9 July 2026 (UTC)
- @RabidTuberculosis thanks for addressing the issues! I corrected a typo and applied the same change to the Bandfield/SSI attribution in a second spot in the article (effectively the same statement).
- One last thing: I noticed the <ref name="costello2018" /> is not defined, so we get an error:
Cite error: The named reference costello2018 was invoked but never defined- Once that is fixes, I'd be happy to give this article the GA stamp! —ToadalChaos (talk) 10:25, 10 July 2026 (UTC)
- @ToadalChaos: Good catch, fixed! RabidTuberculosis (talk) 16:05, 10 July 2026 (UTC)
- Excellent, thanks!
- As this review was started as part of the June 2026 GAN backlog drive, I will wait for an expert reviewer to take a look at this review, as per the policy there. However, I consider this review passed. —ToadalChaos (talk) 08:22, 13 July 2026 (UTC)
- @ToadalChaos, I took a look and find this to be a thorough, organized review of the article against the Good Article criteria; consider this an endorsement of your review. -- Reconrabbit (talk) 19:43, 15 July 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you @Reconrabbit! I will close the GAN then. —ToadalChaos (talk) 09:26, 16 July 2026 (UTC)
- @ToadalChaos, I took a look and find this to be a thorough, organized review of the article against the Good Article criteria; consider this an endorsement of your review. -- Reconrabbit (talk) 19:43, 15 July 2026 (UTC)
- @ToadalChaos: Good catch, fixed! RabidTuberculosis (talk) 16:05, 10 July 2026 (UTC)
- Bandfield/SSI attribution — reworded
- @ToadalChaos: Really appreciate your thorough review! I've adressed each comment, here's a quick recap:
- Use proper maths rendering for rendering fractional superscripts, eg: or 40−50 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2 are both a lot more readable than 40–50 J m⁻² K⁻¹ s⁻¹/². See Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics. I have taken the liberty of fixing this right away in the article.
Did you know nomination
- ... that cold spots (pictured) have only been found on the Moon, but scientists expect to discover them on Mercury too?
- Source:
"Measuring the temperature of the Moon revealed the widespread presence of “cold spots,” which are features that have distinctly low temperatures during the night, but camouflage with the background during the day. When the BepiColombo spacecraft arrives at Mercury, we will have the first opportunity to observe cold spots on Mercury, thanks to the first continuous measurements of surface temperature throughout the planet's day/night. Using what we know about lunar cold spots, here we model cold spots on Mercury at different locations. For a given location and cold spot size/age, cold spots on Mercury should be colder than cold spots on the Moon during nighttime due to greater daily temperature changes. Cold spots on Mercury should be coldest just after sunset, but visible throughout the entire night. NASA's crashed MESSENGER spacecraft should have a created a cold spot, but it is probably too small for BepiColombo to detect."
- ALT1: ... that although cold spots (pictured) have only been found on the Moon, there could be even colder spots on Mercury? Source: Same as above.
- ALT2: ... that footprints left by Apollo 16 astronauts were pressed into looser soil because they had landed on the Moon's oldest known cold spot (pictured)? Source:
We identify a faint cold spot surrounding South Ray crater at the Apollo 16 landing site in nighttime temperature data from the Diviner instrument onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Astronaut footprint depths indicate statistically lower density regolith at Apollo 16 compared to other Apollo site... These findings provide both orbital and ground-based evidence that cold spots are caused by a decompaction of the upper centimeters of regolith.
- ALT3: ... that the young impact craters that create lunar cold spots (pictured) may be the origin of lunar meteorites that later fall to Earth? Source:
Cold spots fade over a few hundred thousand years with maximum retention times of one million years... An interesting aspect that Williams and colleagues point out is that cold-spot craters may be excellent candidates for source craters of lunar meteorites. They found the modeled formation ages of the larger cold-spot craters coincide with the 0–1.4 million-year ejection ages (see cosmic ray exposure ages) of lunar meteorites.
- ALT4: ... that lunar cold spots (pictured) vanish during the day and reveal themselves only in maps of the Moon's nighttime temperatures? Source:
The coldest nighttime surfaces are associated with lunar cold spots (Bandfield et al., 2014), highly insulating regions around very young craters extending ∼10–100 crater radii. The three largest cold spots have surfaces that remain > 5 K colder than mean zonal temperatures and maintain this temperature difference throughout the night [but disappear by morning]. Isolated surfaces with warm nighttime temperatures were identified as rocky ejecta from relatively young craters that had not yet degraded in the lunar space weathering environment.
- ALT5: ... that lunar cold spots (pictured) were first detected by a radiometer on Apollo 17 in 1972 but were only mapped 40 years later? Source:
These thermophysically distinct surfaces, or “cold spots,” which were initially observed by the Infrared Scanning Radiometer aboard the Apollo 17 Command-Service Module. [But systematically characterized in 2011]
- Reviewed: Template:Did you know nominations/1862 Liechtenstein general election
RabidTuberculosis (talk) 18:28, 20 July 2026 (UTC).
Approved for ALT1. Interesting fact. GA review checked out. Image looks good. No major issues with article. NewAccount7295 (talk) 16:05, 22 July 2026 (UTC)