The Story of Oimè

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The Story of Oimè (Italian: La Novella di Oimè) is an Italian fairy tale collected by folklorist Giuseppe Pitrè and sourced from Tuscany. In it, a girl marries a mysterious husband, breaks a prohibition set by him and is banished from home; later, she goes to her mother-in-law's castle where she gives birth to her child and the husband comes to rock the child with a lullaby.

It is related to the international cycle of Animal as Bridegroom or The Search for the Lost Husband, in that a human girl marries a supernatural or enchanted husband, loses him and must search for him. Similar stories have been collected from oral tradition across the Mediterranean, in Italy, Greece and Spain, and nearby countries.

According to Pitrè, the story was provided by informant Umiltà Minucci, from Siena.[1]

Summary

In this tale, a queen is very stingy and tries to be charitable to have a son. She gives alms to a poor old lady in church, and, after the third time, the old lady declares the queen will bear a son, but she will not be able to enjoy motherhood for long. It happens thus: a prince is indeed born and named "Oimè", but some time later, a dog enters the castle and kidnaps the baby. Years later, a poor widowed father lives with his three daughters and scavenges food for them by gathering herbs. One day, he finds a lush garden in a villa, steals some vegetables and sells them in the marketplace. He returns later to steal some more, and tries to uproot a particularly sturdy vegetable. Failing that, he sits a while and utters a sigh: "Oimè". A man appears from the villa window and asks if the man summoned him, for that is his name. Oimè discovers the man is his salad thief, and demands one of his three daughters in payment, saying he will pay him a visit and choose his bride in person. The man's elder daughters lock up their sister to try and deceive Oimè, but he asks to see the third daughter. The girl appears, and Oimè takes her as his bride to his palace.

In the palace, Oimè tells the girl the palace is also hers, but a specific room is strictly forbidden. Time passes, and the girl's sisters pay her a visit. The girl mentions the secret door, and the sisters convince her to open it. After they leave, that same night, the girl steals a key and opens the forbidden door. Inside, she finds a long corridor where woman are preparing a trousseau for Oimè's unborn son. When she reaches the last room, the woman shouts that their work was for her, and, calling the girl ungrateful, expels the girl, and the palace disappears, leaving her in the woods. The girl, pregnant, sees a light in the distance, and reaches a castle where she is given lodge by the queen. She gives birth to a son, and she is secretly visited by Oimè. Two nursemaids see the youth talking to a magic lantern, and rocking the baby with a song that laments that if the roosters never crowed and the bells never rang, he would be happy. On the following nights, the queen is informed about the youth's visit and stays awake to see him: she recognizes it is her own son, and goes to embrace him before he vanishes with the dawn. The sun rises, and the prince remains with the queen, breaking the curse cast by the old lady.[2][3]

Analysis

Tale type

Philologist Gianfranco D'Aronco [it] classified the tale as Italian type 425, Lo sposo scomparso ("The Lost Husband").[4] The Italian type corresponds, in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index, to type ATU 425, "The Search for the Lost Husband".

Renato Aprile, editor of the Italian Catalogue of Tales of Magic, sourced the tale from Siena and classified it as part of the "Amor e Psiche" cycle (type 425), as subtype 425E.[5] In this type, the heroine's husband has a padlock on his body (or a there is a chamber she is forbidden to open); after she betrays his trust, she is expelled and takes shelter in a castle where she gives birth to their child; at night her husband comes to lull the baby with a song in which there are instructions on how to save him.[6][7]

Motifs

According to Renato Aprile and Jan-Öjvind Swahn, in some variants of tale type 425E, the heroine's husband watches over his wife and son and converses with a golden lamp about his family.[8][9]

The prince's lullaby

In his 1955 monograph, Swahn noted that the husband's lullaby to his child was "rather uniformly formed", containing instructions to extinguish "the cocks [galli] and the clocks [campane]".[10] Similarly, according to Italian literary critic Mario Lavagetto [it] and Anna Buia, the prince's lullaby from Basile's tale is "preserved" in most of the subsequent variants.[11] In the same vein, professor Michael Merakles argued that the prince's lullaby "dissolved" in Greek variants, but its existence can be gleamed by fragmentary references present in the texts.[12]

The crowing of the rooster

Although they acknowledged that the crowing of the rooster marks type AaTh 425E, Mario Lavagetto and Anna Buia, as well as folklorist Letterio Di Francia, remarked that the motif is "widespread" in Italian tradition.[13][11] In this regard, German folklorist Rudolf Schenda [de] noted that the rooster's crowing in Basile's tale acquires a negative connotation, since it helps prolong the prince's enchantment, and only by having the roosters killed can he be saved in a more permanent manner.[14] Similarly, according to Di Francia, there is a widespread belief across Italy that the rooster's crowing facilitates the action of supernatural beings, and spells can be broken only by ceasing their singing.[15]

Variants

See also

References

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