Villach (National Council electoral district)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Parliamentary electoral district in Austria
Population131,154 (2024)[1]
Electorate95,989 (2019)
| Villach | |
|---|---|
| Beljak | |
| Electoral District for the National Council | |
.svg) Location of Villach within Austria | |
| District | |
| State | Carinthia |
| Population | 131,154 (2024)[1] |
| Electorate | 95,989 (2019) |
| Area | 1,144 km2 (2023)[2] |
| Current Electoral District | |
| Created | 1994 |
| Seats | 3 (1994–present) |
Villach (Slovene: Beljak), also known as Electoral District 2B (German: Wahlkreis 2B), is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the city of Villach and the district of Villach Rural in the state of Carinthia. The electoral district currently elects three of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 95,989 registered electors.
Villach was one 43 regional electoral districts (regionalwahlkreise) established by the "National Council Electoral Regulations 1992" (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992) passed by the National Council in 1992.[3] It consisted of the city of Villach and the district of Villach Rural in the state of Carinthia.[4] The district was initially allocated three seats in May 1993.[5]
Electoral system
Villach currently elects three of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.[6][7][8] The allocation of seats is carried out in three stages.[9] In the first stage, seats are allocated to parties (lists) at the regional level using a state-wide Hare quota (wahlzahl) (valid votes in the state divided by the number of seats in the state).[10][11] In the second stage, seats are allocated to parties at the state/provincial level using the state-wide Hare quota (any seats won by the party at the regional stage are subtracted from the party's state seats).[10][11] In the third and final stage, seats are allocated to parties at the federal/national level using the D'Hondt method (any seats won by the party at the regional and state stages are subtracted from the party's federal seats).[10][11] Only parties that reach the 4% national threshold, or have won a seat at the regional stage, compete for seats at the state and federal stages.[10][11]
Electors may cast one preferential vote for individual candidates at the regional, state and federal levels.[11] Split-ticket voting (panachage), or voting for more than one candidate at each level, is not permitted and will result in the ballot paper being invalidated.[11][12] At the regional level, candidates must receive preferential votes amounting to at least 14% of the valid votes cast for their party to over-ride the order of the party list (10% and 7% respectively for the state and federal levels).[12] Prior to April 2013 electors could not cast preferential votes at the federal level and the thresholds candidates needed to over-ride the party list order were higher at the regional level (half the Hare quota or 1⁄6 of the party votes) and state level (Hare quota).[11][13][14]
Election results
Summary
| Election | Communists KPÖ+ / KPÖ | Social Democrats SPÖ | Greens GRÜNE | NEOS NEOS / LiF | People's ÖVP | Alliance for the Future BZÖ | Freedom FPÖ | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | |
| 2019 | 411 | 0.60% | 0 | 19,637 | 28.67% | 0 | 6,871 | 10.03% | 0 | 4,869 | 7.11% | 0 | 21,777 | 31.79% | 0 | 111 | 0.16% | 0 | 13,172 | 19.23% | 0 |
| 2017 | 398 | 0.53% | 0 | 23,894 | 32.00% | 0 | 1,852 | 2.48% | 0 | 3,265 | 4.37% | 0 | 17,411 | 23.32% | 0 | 23,813 | 31.89% | 0 | |||
| 2013 | 451 | 0.65% | 0 | 24,406 | 35.40% | 1 | 8,479 | 12.30% | 0 | 2,688 | 3.90% | 0 | 8,052 | 11.68% | 0 | 6,565 | 9.52% | 0 | 12,659 | 18.36% | 0 |
| 2008 | 479 | 0.64% | 0 | 23,747 | 31.51% | 0 | 5,391 | 7.15% | 0 | 1,088 | 1.44% | 0 | 8,689 | 11.53% | 0 | 28,292 | 37.54% | 1 | 5,753 | 7.63% | 0 |
| 2006 | 709 | 1.00% | 0 | 28,350 | 40.10% | 1 | 5,441 | 7.70% | 0 | 12,295 | 17.39% | 0 | 15,924 | 22.52% | 0 | 5,386 | 7.62% | 0 | |||
| 2002 | 493 | 0.65% | 0 | 32,436 | 42.88% | 1 | 4,968 | 6.57% | 0 | 670 | 0.89% | 0 | 19,257 | 25.46% | 0 | 17,811 | 23.55% | 0 | |||
| 1999 | 334 | 0.46% | 0 | 28,498 | 39.06% | 1 | 4,218 | 5.78% | 0 | 1,809 | 2.48% | 0 | 8,852 | 12.13% | 0 | 28,420 | 38.95% | 1 | |||
| 1995 | 257 | 0.34% | 0 | 34,300 | 45.02% | 1 | 2,733 | 3.59% | 0 | 2,874 | 3.77% | 0 | 11,121 | 14.60% | 0 | 24,316 | 31.91% | 0 | |||
| 1994 | 216 | 0.29% | 0 | 31,786 | 43.30% | 1 | 4,497 | 6.13% | 0 | 2,941 | 4.01% | 0 | 9,045 | 12.32% | 0 | 24,277 | 33.07% | 0 | |||
Detailed
2010s
2019
Results of the 2019 legislative election held on 29 September 2019:[15][16]
| Party | Votes per district | Total votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Villach City | Villach Rural | Voting card | ||||||
| Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 9,450 | 12,241 | 86 | 21,777 | 31.79% | 0 | |
| Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 8,877 | 10,706 | 54 | 19,637 | 28.67% | 0 | |
| Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 5,494 | 7,634 | 44 | 13,172 | 19.23% | 0 | |
| The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 3,492 | 3,295 | 84 | 6,871 | 10.03% | 0 | |
| NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum | NEOS | 2,385 | 2,433 | 51 | 4,869 | 7.11% | 0 | |
| JETZT | JETZT | 655 | 603 | 11 | 1,269 | 1.85% | 0 | |
| KPÖ Plus | KPÖ+ | 214 | 194 | 3 | 411 | 0.60% | 0 | |
| Der Wandel | WANDL | 193 | 188 | 1 | 382 | 0.56% | 0 | |
| Alliance for the Future of Austria | BZÖ | 51 | 59 | 1 | 111 | 0.16% | 0 | |
| Valid Votes | 30,811 | 37,353 | 335 | 68,499 | 100.00% | 0 | ||
| Rejected Votes | 446 | 706 | 4 | 1,156 | 1.66% | |||
| Total Polled | 31,257 | 38,059 | 339 | 69,655 | 72.57% | |||
| Registered Electors | 44,596 | 51,393 | 95,989 | |||||
| Turnout | 70.09% | 74.05% | 72.57% | |||||
2017
Results of the 2017 legislative election held on 15 October 2017:[17][18]
| Party | Votes per district | Total votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Villach City | Villach Rural | Voting card | ||||||
| Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 10,927 | 12,863 | 104 | 23,894 | 32.00% | 0 | |
| Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 10,323 | 13,401 | 89 | 23,813 | 31.89% | 0 | |
| Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 7,683 | 9,630 | 98 | 17,411 | 23.32% | 0 | |
| NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum | NEOS | 1,637 | 1,573 | 55 | 3,265 | 4.37% | 0 | |
| Peter Pilz List | PILZ | 1,484 | 1,389 | 34 | 2,907 | 3.89% | 0 | |
| The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 914 | 906 | 32 | 1,852 | 2.48% | 0 | |
| My Vote Counts! | GILT | 419 | 443 | 5 | 867 | 1.16% | 0 | |
| Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 196 | 199 | 3 | 398 | 0.53% | 0 | |
| The Whites | WEIßE | 80 | 84 | 2 | 166 | 0.22% | 0 | |
| Free List Austria | FLÖ | 44 | 49 | 0 | 93 | 0.12% | 0 | |
| Valid Votes | 33,707 | 40,537 | 422 | 74,666 | 100.00% | 0 | ||
| Rejected Votes | 388 | 553 | 1 | 942 | 1.25% | |||
| Total Polled | 34,095 | 41,090 | 423 | 75,608 | 78.46% | |||
| Registered Electors | 44,782 | 51,577 | 96,359 | |||||
| Turnout | 76.14% | 79.67% | 78.46% | |||||
2013
Results of the 2013 legislative election held on 29 September 2013:[19][20]
| Party | Votes per district | Total votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Villach City | Villach Rural | Voting card | ||||||
| Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 10,932 | 13,426 | 48 | 24,406 | 35.40% | 1 | |
| Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 5,349 | 7,279 | 31 | 12,659 | 18.36% | 0 | |
| The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 4,289 | 4,120 | 70 | 8,479 | 12.30% | 0 | |
| Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 3,340 | 4,682 | 30 | 8,052 | 11.68% | 0 | |
| Alliance for the Future of Austria | BZÖ | 2,818 | 3,717 | 30 | 6,565 | 9.52% | 0 | |
| Team Stronach | FRANK | 2,270 | 2,838 | 10 | 5,118 | 7.42% | 0 | |
| NEOS – The New Austria | NEOS | 1,296 | 1,366 | 26 | 2,688 | 3.90% | 0 | |
| Pirate Party of Austria | PIRAT | 261 | 258 | 3 | 522 | 0.76% | 0 | |
| Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 213 | 233 | 5 | 451 | 0.65% | 0 | |
| Valid Votes | 30,768 | 37,919 | 253 | 68,940 | 100.00% | 1 | ||
| Rejected Votes | 523 | 688 | 0 | 1,211 | 1.73% | |||
| Total Polled | 31,291 | 38,607 | 253 | 70,151 | 72.25% | |||
| Registered Electors | 45,015 | 52,077 | 97,092 | |||||
| Turnout | 69.51% | 74.13% | 72.25% | |||||
The following candidates were elected:[21][22]
- Party mandates - Hermann Lipitsch (SPÖ), 2,793 votes.
2000s
2008
Results of the 2008 legislative election held on 28 September 2008:[23][24]
| Party | Votes per district | Total votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Villach City | Villach Rural | Voting card | ||||||
| Alliance for the Future of Austria | BZÖ | 12,306 | 15,792 | 194 | 28,292 | 37.54% | 1 | |
| Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 10,573 | 13,012 | 162 | 23,747 | 31.51% | 0 | |
| Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 3,800 | 4,717 | 172 | 8,689 | 11.53% | 0 | |
| Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 2,705 | 2,976 | 72 | 5,753 | 7.63% | 0 | |
| The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 2,792 | 2,355 | 244 | 5,391 | 7.15% | 0 | |
| Liberal Forum | LiF | 447 | 584 | 57 | 1,088 | 1.44% | 0 | |
| Fritz Dinkhauser List – Citizens' Forum Tyrol | FRITZ | 337 | 396 | 11 | 744 | 0.99% | 0 | |
| Independent Citizens' Initiative Save Austria | RETTÖ | 280 | 318 | 6 | 604 | 0.80% | 0 | |
| Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 236 | 228 | 15 | 479 | 0.64% | 0 | |
| The Christians | DC | 221 | 226 | 9 | 456 | 0.61% | 0 | |
| List Strong | STARK | 38 | 22 | 0 | 60 | 0.08% | 0 | |
| List Karlheinz Klement | KHK | 32 | 27 | 0 | 59 | 0.08% | 0 | |
| Valid Votes | 33,767 | 40,653 | 942 | 75,362 | 100.00% | 1 | ||
| Rejected Votes | 656 | 902 | 16 | 1,574 | 2.05% | |||
| Total Polled | 34,423 | 41,555 | 958 | 76,936 | 78.91% | |||
| Registered Electors | 45,009 | 52,484 | 97,493 | |||||
| Turnout | 76.48% | 79.18% | 78.91% | |||||
The following candidates were elected:[25][26]
- Party mandates - Maximilian Linder (BZÖ), 1,883 votes.
2006
Results of the 2006 legislative election held on 1 October 2006:[27][28]
| Party | Votes per district | Total votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Villach City | Villach Rural | Voting card | ||||||
| Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 12,429 | 14,881 | 1,040 | 28,350 | 40.10% | 1 | |
| Alliance for the Future of Austria | BZÖ | 6,591 | 8,894 | 439 | 15,924 | 22.52% | 0 | |
| Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 5,201 | 6,196 | 898 | 12,295 | 17.39% | 0 | |
| The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 2,417 | 2,318 | 706 | 5,441 | 7.70% | 0 | |
| Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 2,527 | 2,634 | 225 | 5,386 | 7.62% | 0 | |
| Hans-Peter Martin's List | MATIN | 809 | 851 | 50 | 1,710 | 2.42% | 0 | |
| Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 304 | 352 | 53 | 709 | 1.00% | 0 | |
| Certainly – Absolutely – Independent, Franz Radinger | SAU | 324 | 242 | 25 | 591 | 0.84% | 0 | |
| EU Withdrawal – Neutral Free Austria | NFÖ | 108 | 124 | 8 | 240 | 0.34% | 0 | |
| List Strong | STARK | 20 | 38 | 1 | 59 | 0.08% | 0 | |
| Valid Votes | 30,730 | 36,530 | 3,445 | 70,705 | 100.00% | 1 | ||
| Rejected Votes | 581 | 910 | 50 | 1,541 | 2.13% | |||
| Total Polled | 31,311 | 37,440 | 3,495 | 72,246 | 76.81% | |||
| Registered Electors | 43,665 | 50,399 | 94,064 | |||||
| Turnout | 71.71% | 74.29% | 76.81% | |||||
The following candidates were elected:[29][30]
- Party mandates - Christine Muttonen (SPÖ), 3,845 votes.
2002
Results of the 2002 legislative election held on 24 November 2002:[31][32]
| Party | Votes per district | Total votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Villach City | Villach Rural | Voting card | ||||||
| Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 14,463 | 16,947 | 1,026 | 32,436 | 42.88% | 1 | |
| Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 8,127 | 9,768 | 1,362 | 19,257 | 25.46% | 0 | |
| Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 7,581 | 9,675 | 555 | 17,811 | 23.55% | 0 | |
| The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 2,183 | 1,955 | 830 | 4,968 | 6.57% | 0 | |
| Liberal Forum | LiF | 314 | 315 | 41 | 670 | 0.89% | 0 | |
| Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 220 | 256 | 17 | 493 | 0.65% | 0 | |
| Valid Votes | 32,888 | 38,916 | 3,831 | 75,635 | 100.00% | 1 | ||
| Rejected Votes | 634 | 849 | 34 | 1,517 | 1.97% | |||
| Total Polled | 33,522 | 39,765 | 3,865 | 77,152 | 83.95% | |||
| Registered Electors | 42,762 | 49,144 | 91,906 | |||||
| Turnout | 78.39% | 80.92% | 83.95% | |||||
The following candidates were elected:[33][34]
- Party mandates - Christine Muttonen (SPÖ), 4,853 votes.
1990s
1999
Results of the 1999 legislative election held on 3 October 1999:[35][36]
| Party | Votes per district | Total votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Villach City | Villach Rural | Voting card | ||||||
| Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 12,286 | 15,145 | 1,067 | 28,498 | 39.06% | 1 | |
| Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 12,610 | 14,614 | 1,196 | 28,420 | 38.95% | 1 | |
| Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 3,562 | 4,712 | 578 | 8,852 | 12.13% | 0 | |
| The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 1,938 | 1,789 | 491 | 4,218 | 5.78% | 0 | |
| Liberal Forum | LiF | 769 | 691 | 349 | 1,809 | 2.48% | 0 | |
| The Independents | DU | 302 | 289 | 26 | 617 | 0.85% | 0 | |
| Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 163 | 157 | 14 | 334 | 0.46% | 0 | |
| No to NATO and EU – Neutral Austria Citizens' Initiative | NEIN | 97 | 110 | 8 | 215 | 0.29% | 0 | |
| Valid Votes | 31,727 | 37,507 | 3,729 | 72,963 | 100.00% | 2 | ||
| Rejected Votes | 475 | 668 | 30 | 1,173 | 1.58% | |||
| Total Polled | 32,202 | 38,175 | 3,759 | 74,136 | 80.79% | |||
| Registered Electors | 42,608 | 49,160 | 91,768 | |||||
| Turnout | 75.58% | 77.65% | 80.79% | |||||
The following candidates were elected:[37][38]
- Party mandates - Christine Muttonen (SPÖ), 2,704 votes; and Roland Zellot (FPÖ), 1,912 votes.
1995
Results of the 1995 legislative election held on 17 December 1995:[39][40]
| Party | Votes per district | Total votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Villach City | Villach Rural | Voting card | ||||||
| Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 15,389 | 17,946 | 965 | 34,300 | 45.02% | 1 | |
| Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 10,727 | 12,831 | 758 | 24,316 | 31.91% | 0 | |
| Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 4,795 | 5,610 | 716 | 11,121 | 14.60% | 0 | |
| Liberal Forum | LiF | 1,231 | 1,175 | 468 | 2,874 | 3.77% | 0 | |
| The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 1,142 | 1,146 | 445 | 2,733 | 3.59% | 0 | |
| No – Civic Action Group Against the Sale of Austria | NEIN | 168 | 202 | 20 | 390 | 0.51% | 0 | |
| Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 117 | 132 | 8 | 257 | 0.34% | 0 | |
| The Best Party | DBP | 89 | 108 | 8 | 205 | 0.27% | 0 | |
| Valid Votes | 33,658 | 39,150 | 3,388 | 76,196 | 100.00% | 1 | ||
| Rejected Votes | 773 | 964 | 42 | 1,779 | 2.28% | |||
| Total Polled | 34,431 | 40,114 | 3,430 | 77,975 | 86.18% | |||
| Registered Electors | 42,114 | 48,363 | 90,477 | |||||
| Turnout | 81.76% | 82.94% | 86.18% | |||||
The following candidates were elected:[41][42]
- Party mandates - Karl Gerfried Müller (SPÖ), 1,571 votes.
1994
Results of the 1994 legislative election held on 9 October 1994:[43][44]
| Party | Votes per district | Total votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Villach City | Villach Rural | Voting card | ||||||
| Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 13,777 | 16,813 | 1,196 | 31,786 | 43.30% | 1 | |
| Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 10,678 | 12,524 | 1,075 | 24,277 | 33.07% | 0 | |
| Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 3,644 | 4,874 | 527 | 9,045 | 12.32% | 0 | |
| The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 2,012 | 1,856 | 629 | 4,497 | 6.13% | 0 | |
| Liberal Forum | LiF | 1,376 | 1,117 | 448 | 2,941 | 4.01% | 0 | |
| No – Civic Action Group Against the Sale of Austria | NEIN | 160 | 195 | 23 | 378 | 0.51% | 0 | |
| Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 95 | 108 | 13 | 216 | 0.29% | 0 | |
| The Best Party | DBP | 65 | 71 | 9 | 145 | 0.20% | 0 | |
| United Greens Austria – List Adi Pinter | VGÖ | 50 | 60 | 7 | 117 | 0.16% | 0 | |
| Valid Votes | 31,857 | 37,618 | 3,927 | 73,402 | 100.00% | 1 | ||
| Rejected Votes | 575 | 778 | 34 | 1,387 | 1.85% | |||
| Total Polled | 32,432 | 38,396 | 3,961 | 74,789 | 82.48% | |||
| Registered Electors | 42,181 | 48,489 | 90,670 | |||||
| Turnout | 76.89% | 79.18% | 82.48% | |||||
The following candidates were elected:[45][46]
- Party mandates - Karl Gerfried Müller (SPÖ), 2,498 votes.
References
- ↑ "Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn nach Politischen Bezirken bzw. Wiener Gemeindebezirken seit 2002" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Statistics Austria. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ↑ "Stadtgebiet nach Nutzungsklassen und Gemeindebezirken" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Municipal Council and Landtag of Vienna. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ↑ "471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO)" (PDF). Bundesgesetzblatt (in German). Vol. 1992, no. 164. Vienna, Austria. 4 August 1992. p. 1885. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024 – via Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
- ↑ "471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO)" (PDF). Bundesgesetzblatt (in German). Vol. 1992, no. 164. Vienna, Austria. 4 August 1992. p. 1917. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024 – via Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
- ↑ "322. Kundmachung des Bundesministers für Inneres über die Zahl der auf jeden Wahlkreis entfallenden Mandate für die Wahl des Nationalrates" (PDF). Bundesgesetzblatt (in German). Vol. 1993, no. 118. Vienna, Austria. 11 May 1993. p. 2707. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2024 – via Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahlen: Wahlkreiseinteilung" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ↑ "Austrian National Council 2019 General". Election Guide. Arlington, U.S.A.: International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ↑ "Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Austria". Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ↑ Müller, Wolfgang C. (15 September 2005). "Austria: A Complex Electoral System with Subtle Effects". In Gallagher, Michael; Mitchell, Paul (eds.). The Politics of Electoral Systems. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 396–416. doi:10.1093/0199257566.003.0019. ISBN 9780191603280. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- 1 2 3 4 "Nationalratswahlen: Überblick" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Reimink, Elwin. "Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945: Austria" (PDF). Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945. Jean-Benoit Pilet and Alan Renwick. pp. 7–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- 1 2 "Nationalratswahlen: Vorzugsstimmen" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ↑ "Demokratiepaket soll Kluft zwischen Politik und Bürgern reduzieren" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Austrian Parliament. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ↑ "Bundesrat befürwortet Stärkung des Persönlichkeitswahlrechts" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Austrian Parliament. 5 April 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2019: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene und Landeswahlkreiseben" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2019: Kärnten - Regionalwahlkreis Villach". Bundeswahlen (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 25 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2017: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2017: Kärnten - Regionalwahlkreis Villach". Bundeswahlen (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 25 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2013: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2013: Kärnten - Regionalwahlkreis Villach". Bundeswahlen (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2013: Landeswahlvorschläge - Landesparteilisten - Regionalparteilisten einschließlich erreichter Vorzugsstimmen" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. p. 37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2008: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2008: Kärnten - Regionalwahlkreis Villach". Bundeswahlen (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 25 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2008: Erzielte Vorzugstimmen auf Regionalwahlkreisebene" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2006: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Regionalwahlkreisebene, Landeswahlkreisebene, Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2006: Mandatsspiegel" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2006: Erzielte Vorzugstimmen auf Regionalwahlkreisebene" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2002: Gesamtergebnis mit Wahlkartenergebnissen der Nationalratswahl 2002" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2002: Mandatsvergabe - Bundesgebiet - Hauptübersicht" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 2002: Erzielte Vorzugstimmen auf Regionalwahlkreisebene" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 1999: Ergebnis der Nationalratswahl 1999" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 1999: Erzielte Mandate" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalratswahl 1999: Vorzugsstimmen" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ↑ Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. 1996. pp. 180–181. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ↑ Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. 1996. p. 132. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ↑ Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. 1996. p. 17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ↑ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ↑ Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. 1995. pp. 166–167. ISBN 3-7046-0713-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
- ↑ Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. 1995. p. 132. ISBN 3-7046-0713-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
- ↑ Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. 1995. p. 16. ISBN 3-7046-0713-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
- ↑ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 27 August 2024.