Inscriptional Pahlavi

Earliest attested form of Pahlavi scripts From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Inscriptional Pahlavi is the earliest attested form of Pahlavi scripts, and is evident in clay fragments that have been dated to the reign of Mithridates I (r. 171–138 BC). Other early evidence includes the Pahlavi inscriptions of Parthian coins and the rock inscriptions of Sasanian emperors and other notables, such as Kartir the High Priest.

Script type
Period
2nd century BC — 6th century AD
Quick facts Inscriptional Pahlavi, Script type ...
Inscriptional Pahlavi
Inscribed stone block from the c. 293 CE Paikuli inscription
Script type
Period
2nd century BC — 6th century AD
DirectionRight-to-left script Edit this on Wikidata
LanguagesMiddle Iranian languages
Related scripts
Parent systems
Aramaic alphabet
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Phli (131), Inscriptional Pahlavi
Unicode
Unicode alias
Inscriptional Pahlavi
U+10B60U+10B7F
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Different letterforms from inscriptions and coins (Sasanian, later coins, and coin ligatures)

Letters

Inscriptional Pahlavi used 19 non-joining letters written from right to left, and usually with spaces between words:[1][2]

More information Name[A], Image ...
Name[A] Image Text Principal phones (IPA; Middle Persian)[3] Transliteration[4]:129(۱۲۹)-130(۱۳۰)[5]:xi,xii,xiii[1]
Iranian Semitic (Aramaic)
Aleph 𐭠 [a], [] ʼ or ʾ A
Beth 𐭡 [b], [w] b B
Gimel 𐭢 [ɡ], [j] g G
Daleth 𐭣 [d], [j] d D
He 𐭤 -H, E
Waw- 𐭥 [w], [o(ː)], [u(ː)] w W
-Ayin- [] O
-Resh [r][B] r R
Zayin 𐭦 [z] z Z
Heth 𐭧 [h], [x] h
Teth 𐭨
Yodh 𐭩 [j], [e(ː)], [i(ː)], [d̠͡ʒ] y, j- Y
Kaph 𐭪 [k], [ɡ] k K
Lamedh 𐭫 [l], [r][B] l L
Mem- 𐭬 [m] m M
-Qoph Q
Nun 𐭭 [n] n N
Samekh 𐭮 [s], [h] s S
Pe 𐭯 [p], [b], [f] p P
Sadhe 𐭰 [t̠͡ʃ], [d̠͡ʒ], [z]
Shin 𐭱 [ʃ] š Š
Taw 𐭲 [t], [d] t T
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  1. ^
    Letter names are based on the corresponding Imperial Aramaic characters[1]
  2. ^
    𐭫 is used for [r] more often than 𐭥[3]

Numbers

Inscriptional Pahlavi had its own numerals:

More information Value, Sign ...
Value123410201001000
SignImage
Text 𐭸𐭹𐭺𐭻𐭼𐭽𐭾𐭿
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Numerals are written right-to-left, the rightmost being the highest—with the exception of multiplication. Numerals add when the one to the left is lower or equal but multiply when it is larger.

Example: 6798 is written as 𐭺𐭺‎𐭿‎𐭻‎𐭺‎𐭾‎𐭽‎𐭽‎𐭽‎𐭽‎𐭼‎𐭻‎𐭻‎ ((3 + 3) × 1000 + (4 + 3) × 100 + 20 + 20 + 20 + 20 +10 + 4 + 4).[1]

Unicode

Inscriptional Pahlavi script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.

The Unicode block for Inscriptional Pahlavi is U+10B60–U+10B7F:

Inscriptional Pahlavi[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+10B6x 𐭠 𐭡 𐭢 𐭣 𐭤 𐭥 𐭦 𐭧 𐭨 𐭩 𐭪 𐭫 𐭬 𐭭 𐭮 𐭯
U+10B7x 𐭰 𐭱 𐭲 𐭸 𐭹 𐭺 𐭻 𐭼 𐭽 𐭾 𐭿
Notes
1.^As of Unicode version 17.0
2.^Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

Notes

  1. Examples of listed professions: 𐭭𐭠𐭭𐭯𐭠𐭪 nʾnpʾk 'baker', 𐭪𐭯𐭱𐭪𐭫𐭩 kpškly 'shoemaker', 𐭪𐭱𐭲𐭪𐭫𐭩 kštkly 'plowman', 𐭦𐭩𐭭𐭣𐭠𐭭𐭩𐭪 zyndʾnyk 'jailer', 𐭣𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭯𐭲𐭩 dpylpty 'chief scribe', and 𐭮𐭠𐭯𐭮𐭲𐭭 šʾpstn 'harem keeper'
  2. 𐭠𐭯𐭥

References

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