List of wars involving Iran

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This is a list of wars involving the Islamic Republic of Iran, excluding its predecessor states. It is an unfinished historical overview.

‹The template below is included via a redirect (Template:Htgrp) that is under discussion. See redirects for discussion to help reach a consensus.›

Major conflicts

More information Conflict, Iran (and allies) ...

Conflict	Iran (and allies)	Opponents	Results	Notes
Iranian Revolution (1978–1979) Part of the Constitutionalization attempts in Iran and the Cold War	Revolutionary Council Islamist Opposition Combatant Clergy Association Islamic Association of Students Islamic Association of Teachers Islamic Association of Engineers Islamic Association of Physicians Islamic Coalition Societies Fada'iyan-e Islam Mojahedin Liberal Democratic Opposition Freedom Movement of Iran National Front JAMA Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan Confederation of Iranian Students Leftist Opposition Mojahedin-e-Khalq Fadaiyan-e-Khalq Tudeh Party Sarbedaran Peykar Movement of Militant Muslims Razmandegan Worker's Way Komalah Union of Communist Militants	Imperial State of Iran Pro-Shah Groups Regency Council^[a] Rastakhiz Party (until 1 November 1978) Imperial Army^[b] Imperial Guard SAVAK Shahrbani Gendarmerie	Revolutionaries' victory	Revolutionaries' victory Overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the monarchy End of Pahlavi Iran Establishment of an Interim Government Constitution of the Islamic Republic replaced Persian Constitution of 1906 with referendum Ruhollah Khomeini becomes the Supreme Leader Iran hostage crisis Beginning of the Iran–Iraq War in 1980 Hijab for all women by law 1979 oil crisis Massive exile that characterizes a large portion of today's Iranian diaspora Islamic revival worldwide^[1] International sanctions against Iran Anti-Americanist regime change, prompting many anti-American riots throughout the Muslim world Iran designated state sponsor of terrorism 1979 U.S. embassy burning in Islamabad Nojeh coup plot Start of the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict The Islamic Republic of Iran cuts all ties with Israel, which would later evolve into the Iran–Israel proxy conflict
Aftermath of the Iranian Revolution (1979–1983^[2]) Part of the Cold War	Political: Islamic Republican Party Combatant Clergy Association Islamic Coalition Society Armed groups: Armed Forces Artesh (Army) IRGC Others: Revolutionary Committees Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line	Political: Freedom Movement National Front JAMA Movement of Militant Muslims Nation Party Muslim People's Republic Party National Democratic Front National Resistance Movement of Iran Pan-Iranist Party Azadegan Armed groups: MEK Tudeh Party Peykar Furqan NEQAB Union of Iranian Communists Union of Communist Militants Workers' Way Fedaian (majority) Fedaian (minority) Fedai Guerrillas Laborers' Party Turkmen People's Cultural and Political Society Separatists: KDPI Komala DRFLA PFLA AFLA Iraq	Islamic Republican Party victory^[2]	Islamic Republican Party victory^[2] Ruhollah Khomeini consolidates power Referendum and establishment of Islamic Republic of Iran Iran hostage crisis and resignation of the Provisional Revolutionary Government Rebellions in Kordestan, Khuzestan, Khorasan and Baluchistan suppressed NEQAB coup d'état failed Impeachment and exile of Abolhassan Banisadr Crackdown on opposition and political opposition parties banned Implementation of the "Iranian Cultural Revolution" Hijab for all women by law Iran–Iraq War commences (and continues until 1988) Armed opposition largely marginalized; low-level insurgency continues
1979 Iranian ethnic unrest Part of the Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution, Azerbaijani separatism and Kurdish separatism in Iran	Interim Government Islamic Republic of Iran	Azerbaijani rebels Kurdish rebels Ahwazi rebels Turkmen rebels Qashqai rebels Supported by: Iraq	Victory	Suppression of all revolts
1979 Turkmen rebellion in Iran (1979) Part of the Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution	Iran	Iranian Turkmen rebels	Victory	Uprising crushed.
1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran (1979–1996) Part of the Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution, Iran–Iraq War, and Kurdish separatism in Iran	Interim Government Islamic Republic of Iran (1980−83)	KDP-I Komala IPFG OIPFG (Minority)^[3]^[4] Sipay Rizgari Supported by: Iraq^[5]	Victory	Iranian forces mostly diverted to the Iran–Iraq War front since late 1980 Pockets of KDPI resistance remained until 1996^[4]
1979 Khuzestan insurgency (1979) Part of the Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution and Arab separatism in Khuzestan	Interim Government Islamic Republic of Iran (From 6 November)	DRFLA APCO PFLA AFLA Supported by: Iraq^[6]	Victory	Iranian victory Uprising quelled DRFLA siege of Iranian embassy in 1980
Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988) Part of the Cold War, the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution, the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, the Assadist–Saddamist conflict and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict	Iran KDP PUK ISCI Islamic Dawa Party Hezbollah^[7] Shia volunteers from: Afghanistan^[8]^[9] Abuzar Brigade Iraq^[10] Badr Organization Lebanon^[11] Hezbollah Pakistan^[12] Tehreek-e-Jafaria (Pakistan) Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan Kuwait^[13] Bahrain^[13] India^[13]	Iraq DRFLA^[14]^[15] MEK NCRI PDKI^[16] Salvation Force^[17] Arab volunteers from: Egypt^[18] Jordan^[19]^[20]^[21] Morocco^[22] North Yemen^[23] Sudan^[24]^[25] Tunisia^[18]	Inconclusive^[c]	Status quo ante bellum^[d]
1982 Lebanon War (1982) Part of the Lebanese Civil War	PLO Syria Lebanese National Resistance Front Al-Mourabitoun PKK^[28]^[29]^[30] Supported by: Iran^[31] Hezbollah	Israel Lebanese Forces (16 September 1982) South Lebanon Army	Inconclusive	PLO withdrawal from Lebanon End of the Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon Beginning of the Southern Lebanon conflict
1982 Amol uprising (1982) Part of the Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution	Iran	Union of Iranian Communists	Victory	UIC leadership is dismantled.
KDPI–Komala conflict (1984−1991)	Iran	KDP-I Komala	Victory	Both armed forces debilitate and Iran maintain control of Iranian Kurdistan.
KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)	Iran	KDP-I	Victory	KDPI announces unilateral cease-fire in 1996.
Arab civil unrest and insurgency on Khuzestan (1999−2020) Part of Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict	Iran	ASMLA^[32] NLMA Ansar Al-Furqan^[33] Supported by: Iraq (until 2003) Saudi Arabia	Victory	Revolts suppressed
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) (until 2002) United States invasion of Afghanistan 2001 uprising in Herat Part of the war on terror	United States United Kingdom Northern Alliance Canada Italy Germany Australia New Zealand Iran (until 2002)	Taliban Haqqani Network Al-Qaeda 055 Brigade Foreign fighters	Inconclusive	Fall of the Taliban government in Afghanistan. Iran quits the coalition and forms the Axis of Resistance after the Axis of evil speech, ending its collaboration with the US coalition.
Third Pakistani-Balochistan Conflict (2004–present)^[34] 2010 attack on Pakistan ambassador to Iran	Pakistan Forces involved: Pakistan Armed Forces Pakistan Army (until 2008, again from 2024)^[35]^[36]^[37] Pakistan Air Force Pakistan Navy Special Forces: SSG SSW SSG-N Pakistan Marines Civil Armed Forces Frontier Corps^[38] Frontier Corps Balochistan (North) Frontier Corps Balochistan (South) Pakistan Coast Guards Pakistan Levies Frontier Constabulary Pakistan Police Balochistan Police Counter Terrorism Department Balochistan Levies Pakistani Intelligence community NACTA ISI MI FIA Iran^[39] Forces involved: Iranian Armed Forces Artesh (since 1979) Ground Forces Air Force Navy Special forces: NOHED Brigade 3rd Marine Brigade IRGC (since 1980) Ground Forces Aerospace Force Navy Basij Special forces: Saberin Takavar Brigade 110th Salman Farsi Special Operations Brigade Sepah Navy Special Force Iranian police Border Guard (since 2000) Ministry of Intelligence Imperial Iranian Army (until 1979)	Baloch separatist factions BLA Majeed Brigade Fateh Squad BLF Baloch Raaji Aajoi Sangar ^{[citation needed]} LeB (inactive) BLUF (2009–2010) BSO (Azad) (inactive) BNA (2022–2023) BRA (2006–2022) UBA (2013–2022) Other Baloch Separatist groups Sectarian factions Ansar Al-Furqan (since 2013) Jaysh al-Adl (since 2012) Harakat Ansar (2012–13) Hizbul-Furqan (2012–13)^[40] Jundallah (2003–12)^{[citation needed]} Islamic State (since 2014)^[41] IS-KP (since 2015)^[42] IS-PP (since 2019)^[43]^[42] Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (since 2007) Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (1996–2024)^[44] Sipah-e-Sahaba (1985–2018)^[44]	Ongoing^[45]^[46]	Extension of the conflict into Iran^[47] Operation Azm-e-Istehkam continuous in Pakistan
Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency (2004–present) 2024 Iranian missile strikes in Pakistan Operation Marg Bar Sarmachar	Iran Iranian Armed Forces Artesh (since 1979) Ground Forces Air Force Navy Special forces: NOHED Brigade 3rd Marine Brigade IRGC (since 1980) Ground Forces Aerospace Force Navy Basij Special forces: Saberin Takavar Brigade 110th Salman Farsi Special Operations Brigade Sepah Navy Special Force Iranian police Border Guard (since 2000) Ministry of Intelligence Imperial Iranian Army (until 1979)	Current: Jaish ul-Adl (2013–present) Ansar Al-Furqan (2013–present) BLA^[48] BLF^[48] Former: Jundallah (2004–2011) Harakat Ansar (2012–2013)	Ongoing	Ongoing insurgency
Iran–PJAK Conflict (2004–present)	Iran Turkey	PJAK	Ongoing	PJAK withdraws from Iranian territory
2006 Lebanon War (2006) Part of the Israeli–Lebanese conflict, the Iran–Israel proxy conflict and the war on terror	Hezbollah Amal Movement^{[citation needed]} Lebanese Communist Party^[49] Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command^[50] Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon Supported by: Iran^[51] Ba'athist Syria	Israel	Inconclusive	Israel occupies Ghajar until present
Afghanistan–Iran border skirmishes (2007–2023) 2009 Afghanistan–Iran clash 2021 Afghanistan–Iran clashes 2023 Afghanistan–Iran clash part of Afghan conflict	Iran	Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Afghanistan	Stalemate	Status quo ante bellum
War on ISIS (2013–ongoing) Iran-Islamic State conflict	Iraq Iraqi Kurdistan Free Syrian Army Rojava United States United Kingdom Jordan Turkey Saudi Arabia Bahrain Qatar United Arab Emirates Morocco Australia Belgium Canada France Germany Denmark Norway Russia Iran	Islamic State Sinai Province Lebanon Province Yemen Province Khorasan Province Pakistan Province Caucasus Province al-Nusra Front Khorasan	Ongoing	Successful repression against ISIS guerrilla warfare. Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition is formed.
Syrian Civil War (2013–2024) Iranian intervention in Syria Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war Spillover of the Gaza war in Syria part of Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, Iran–Israel proxy conflict, Hezbollah–Israel conflict and War against the Islamic State	Iran Ba'athist Syria (2011–2024) Hezbollah Russia	Free Syrian Army Supported By: United States United Kingdom France Germany Italy Netherlands Belgium Denmark Canada Australia Morocco Bahrain United Arab Emirates Islamic Front Supported By: Turkey Saudi Arabia Qatar al-Nusra Front Islamic State Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria Israel	Defeat	Islamic State in Syria defeated near the end of 2017. Assad regime falls and Iranian forces withdraw after 2024 Syrian opposition offensives. Beginning of resistance by SSNP and allies against Israel after the occupation of Quneitra Governorate.
War in Iraq (2013–2017) Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present) part of War against the Islamic State	Iraq Peshmerga Iran Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq Badr Organization Hezbollah Kata'ib Hezbollah Kata'ib al-Imam Ali Kataib Rouh Allah Issa Ibn Miriam United States	Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant Naqshbandi Army^{[citation needed]}	Victory	Iraqi government and allied victory against ISIL Iran played a significant role in this victory. End of ISIL territorial control in Iraq; ongoing ISIL insurgency
Yemeni civil war (2014–present) Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen part of Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, Iran–Israel proxy conflict, Hezbollah–Israel conflict	Supreme Political Council (formerly SRC) Houthis GPC (pro-Houthi) Saleh loyalists (until 2017) Pro-Houthi Popular Committees^[52] Sanaa-GPC forces^[53] Supported by: Iran^[54]^[55] Hezbollah^[56] Ba'athist Syria (until 2024)^[57] Qatar^[58] North Korea^[59]	Republic of Yemen (internationally-recognized; led by the PLC since 2022) Yemeni Armed Forces Republican Guard GPC STC (2022–present)^[e] United Arab Emirates^{[citation needed]} National Resistance (2017–present)^{[citation needed]} Tihamah Resistance^{[citation needed]} Giants Brigades^{[citation needed]} Hadhramaut Tribal Alliance^{[citation needed]} Al-Islah Bani Dhabyan^{[citation needed]} Saleh loyalists (2017–present)^[60] Popular Resistance^{[citation needed]} Popular Committees Supported by: United States^[61]^[62]^[63] U.S. Navy^[f] United States Army^[67] (Special Forces) United Kingdom^[g] France Canada South Korea National Intelligence Service^[72]^[73] Malaysia Australia Saudi-led coalition Saudi Arabia^[74] United Arab Emirates (2015–2025)^[75] Sudan (2015–2019)^[76]^[77]^[78] Rapid Support Forces Janjaweed (2019–2023)^[79] Senegal^[80] Morocco^[81] (2015–2019)^[82] Qatar^[76] (2015–2017)^[83] Kuwait Jordan^[84] Bahrain^[85] Southern Transitional Council (2017–2026)^[86] United Arab Emirates^[87]^[88]^[89] Al-Qaeda and allies^[90] AQAP^[91] Ansar al-Sharia^[92]^[93] Council of Scholars of Ahl al-Sunna wal-Jama'ah^[94]^[95] Hadhrami Domestic council^[96]^[93]^[97] Dhi Na'im tribe^[96] Al-Hamiqan tribe^[96] Islamic State Yemen Province	Ongoing	Ceasefire since 2 April 2022 with some periodic clashes. Iranian support for the Houthis is consolidated.
Iran–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2024) 2024 Iran–Pakistan conflict 2024 Saravan killings Part of the insurgency in Balochistan and Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency	Iran Claimed by Pakistan: Baloch nationalists: Balochistan Liberation Army Balochistan Liberation Front	Pakistan Claimed by Iran: Jihadists: Jaish ul-Adl	Inconclusive	Ceasefire. Pakistan and Iran develops joint operations against Baloch separatism.
Western Iran clashes (2016–present) Part of Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict	Iran	PDKI PJAK Komala PAK Khebat	Ongoing	Restart of armed resistance against the Islamic Republic of Iran. However, eastern Kurdistan has not yet become a Kurdish state.
Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) Part of Iraqi conflict	Iraq Pro-government tribes (ar)^[98] Rojava (cross-border cooperation since May 2018)^[99] Supported by: CJTF-OIR (until 2021) United States United Kingdom France Iran^[100] Russia^{[citation needed]} Kurdistan Region Peshmerga Supported by: Netherlands^[101]	Islamic State White Flags	Ongoing	Continuation of the conflict against Islamic State 2019–2021 Iraqi protests against Iranian influence Clashes between US and Iran and allies due to
2019–2021 Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2021) May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident 2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone Abqaiq–Khurais attack 2019 K-1 Air Base attack December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad Assassination of Qasem Soleimani Operation Martyr Soleimani 2020 Camp Taji attacks Part of US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021), US intervention in the Syrian civil war and war on terror	Iran Supported by: Iraq Ba'athist Syria Houthis	United States Supported by: Saudi Arabia Israel United Kingdom	Inconclusive	2019–2020 Iranian protests. Funeral of Qasem Soleimani. American withdrawal from Iraqi conflict.
Gaza war (2023–present) 2023 Israel–Lebanon border clashes 2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria 2024 Iran–Israel conflict Red Sea crisis Hezbollah–Syria clashes (2024–present) Part of Iran–Israel proxy conflict, Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present), Gaza–Israel conflict and Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict	Hamas Palestinian allies: Palestinian Islamic Jihad Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades Palestinian Mujahideen Movement Palestinian Freedom Movement Popular Resistance Committees Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command Supported by: Axis of Resistance: Iran (until 2025) Ba'athist Syria (until 2024)^{[citation needed]} Houthis^[102] Hezbollah^[103]^[104] Islamic Resistance in Iraq^[105] Badr Organization^[103] True Promise Corps^[103]	Israel Israeli-backed groups: Popular Forces^[h] Fatah-affiliated groups Supported by: United States^[110] United Kingdom^[110] France^[111] Only intelligence support: Saudi Arabia^[112]^[113] United Arab Emirates^[112]^[113] Jordan^[114]	Ongoing	Iranian proxy groups initiate offensives against US military bases. Hamas is severely weakened.^[115] Entire leadership of Hezbollah wiped off and the organization is severely contained with a lot of their arms and military assets destroyed or dismantled.^[116] Economic and military loss to Houthi with both their ports and airport destroyed. The pro-Iranian government of Syria is overthrown and is replaced by Ahmad al-Sharaa. Palestinian internal political violence leads to Hamas–Popular Forces conflict. Ceasefire since October 2025 according to Gaza peace plan. Gaza genocide as a consecuence of Israeli war crimes.
Spillover of the Gaza war in Syria (2023–present) 2024 Iran–Israel conflict Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus Turkish offensive in Northern Syria Israeli invasion of Syria Hezbollah–Syria clashes (2024–present) Part of the 2023 Gaza war, 2023 Middle Eastern crisis, Hezbollah–Israel conflict (2023–present), Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war, and the Syrian conflict (2024–present)	Assadists (former Ba'athist Syria)^[i] Islamic Resistance Front in Syria Supported by:^[j] Iran (until 2024) Popular Mobilization Forces Hezbollah Palestinian militias Syria (former opposition)^[k] Supported by: Turkey Ukraine^[117] (denied by Ukraine)^[118]	Israel Druze allies Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria^{[citation needed]} CJTF–OIR United States	Ongoing	2024 Syrian insurgency leads to the Fall of the Assad regime and Iranian withdrawal of its direct presence in Syria, depending of proxys like Assadist insurgents. Start of Syrian conflict (2024–present).
Red Sea crisis (2023–present) Operation Sankalp Operation Prosperity Guardian March–May 2025 United States attacks in Yemen Part of the Iran–Israel proxy conflict, the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present), and the Yemeni civil war (2014–present	Axis of Resistance Houthis^[l] Iran^[m] Hezbollah^[120] Islamic Resistance in Iraq^[121]	Israel Prosperity Guardian: United States United Kingdom Australia Bahrain Canada Denmark New Zealand Norway Seychelles Singapore Sri Lanka^[122] Aspides: European Union Belgium Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Italy Latvia Netherlands Sweden Independent Patrols: China^[123] Egypt India Pakistan Saudi Arabia	Ongoing	2025 United States–Houthi ceasefire. Attacks resumed after 2026 Israeli–United States strikes on Iran
Syrian conflict (2024–present) Western Syria clashes Hezbollah–Syria clashes (2024–present)	Assadist insurgents Syrian Popular Resistance^[124] Military Council for the Liberation of Syria^{[citation needed]} Coastal Shield Brigade^[125] Saraya al-Jawad^[126] Fawj Azra'il al-Jabal^[127] Hezbollah^[128]^[129] Eastern Lebanese tribes^[130] Supported by: Iran (alleged)^[131] Alawite protesters Supreme Alawite Islamic Council^{[citation needed]}	Syria^[n] Counter protesters^[132] Saraya Ansar al-Sunnah^{[citation needed]}	Ongoing	Current stalemate.
Twelve-Day War (2025) United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites part of Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)	Iran Houthi movement^[133]^[134] Supported by: Hamas^[135] Hezbollah^[135] Islamic Resistance in Iraq^[136]^[137]	Israel United States^[138] Supported by: France^[139] Iranian opposition^[140]^[141] Only defensive support: Jordan^[142] Saudi Arabia^[143] Qatar^[144] Iraq^[145]	Ceasefire	Ceasefire was mediated by the United States and Qatar. Suspension of 2025 Iran–United States negotiations. Israel destroys Iran's nuclear sites, one of its primary objectives.^[146] Houthis increase their hostility to Israel^[147] and USA.^[148] 2025–present Iran internal crisis: Iranian opposition to the Iranian government and Ayatollah Khamenei increases.^[149]^[150] Iranians rally against Israel and the United States.^[151]^[152]^[153] 2025 Afghan deportation from Iran.
2025–2026 Iranian protests 2025–present Iran internal crisis 2026 Kurdish–Iranian crisis	Government of Iran Iranian Armed Forces: Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces Police Command Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Basij Nabi Akram Corps Ground Forces Pro-government counterprotesters^{[citation needed]} and plainclothesmen Pro-government foreign Shia militias Popular Mobilisation Forces Kata'ib Hezbollah Harakat al-Nujaba Kata'ib Sayyid ul-Shuhada Badr Organization Hezbollah Liwa Fatemiyoun Liwa Zainebiyoun Nakhsa	Iranian opposition Anti-government demonstrators Student demonstrators^{[citation needed]} Police and military defectors Armed civilians^[154]^[155] Political groups: Iran National Council (INC)^[156] Mojahedin-e-Khalq (MEK)^{[citation needed]} National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI)^[157] Solidarity for a Secular Democratic Republic in Iran^{[citation needed]} Separatist groups: Kurdish separatists Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan^{[citation needed]} Kurdistan Freedom Party^{[citation needed]} Kurdistan Free Life Party^{[citation needed]} Xebat^{[citation needed]} Komalah^{[citation needed]} Revolutionary Toilers Association^{[citation needed]} Kurdistan Toilers Association^{[citation needed]} Kurdistan National Guard Zagros Tornado units^{[citation needed]} Baloch separatists People's Fighters Front^{[citation needed]} Balochistan People's Party^[158]^{[citation needed]} Azerbaijani separatists South Azerbaijan Organisations Cooperation Council^[159] Coordination Council of Azerbaijani Parties in Iran^[160] Labour, civil, and retiree groups: Free Workers Union of Iran^[161] Iranian Writers Association^[161] Coordination Council of Iranian Teachers Trade Associations^[161] Haft Tappeh Sugarcane Workers Syndicate^[161] Coordination Committee to Help Form Independent Labour Organisations^[161] Khuzestan Retired Workers^[161] Union of Retirees Group^[161] Kurdish Women's Organisations^[161] Retirees Union^[162] Kermanshah Electricity and Metal Association^[162] "Stop Executions"^[162] "Justice Seekers"^[162] Coordination Council for Protests of Contract Oil Workers^[162] Coordination Council for Protests of Non-Formal Oil Workers^[162] Coordination Council of Nurses Protests^[162] "Neday-e Zanan-e Iran"^[162] World Iranian Christian Alliance^[163] Supported by: United States (since 28 February 2026) Israel (since 28 February 2026)	Ongoing	Increase of Iranian economic crisis and risk of civil war 2026 Internet blackout in Iran Western support to protesters leads to 2026 Iran–United States crisis.
2026 Iran war Lebanon theater 2026 Strait of Hormuz crisis List of attacks Minab school airstrike Iranian strikes on the Kurdistan Region Iranian strikes on Iraq Iranian strikes on Jordan Iranian strikes on Kuwait Iranian strikes on Saudi Arabia Iranian strikes on Israel Iranian strikes on Bahrain Iranian strikes on Qatar Iranian strikes on the United Arab Emirates Iranian strikes on Oman Attack on the United States consulate in Karachi Iranian strikes on Cyprus Iranian strikes on Azerbaijan Sinking of IRIS Dena 2026 Iran war regional mobilizations	Iran Supported by: Axis of Resistance: Hezbollah Houthi movement^[164] Kata'ib Hezbollah Popular Mobilization Forces Islamic Resistance in Iraq^[165] Palestinian Islamic Jihad Islamic Group^[166] Russia (intelligence only)^[167]	Israel United States Supported by: Iranian opposition^[168] Monarchists^[169] NCRI^[170] CPFIK^[171] Ahwaz Falcons^[172] In defense only: NATO:^[173] France^[174]^[175] Germany^[174]^[176] Greece^[177] Italy^[178]^[179] Netherlands^[179] Spain^[179] Turkey^[180] Northern Cyprus^[181] United Kingdom^[174]^[182] Azerbaijan^[183] Bahrain^[184] Cyprus^[185] Jordan^[186] Kuwait^[187] Saudi Arabia^[188] Qatar^[189] Ukraine^[190] United Arab Emirates^[191]	Ongoing	2025–2026 Iran–United States negotiations 2026 United States military buildup in the Middle East Iranian officials killed during the 2026 Iran conflict Assassination of Ali Khamenei 2026 Israeli state of emergency Iran Prosperity Project proposed by the National Union for Democracy in Iran and House of Pahlavi Anti-war protesters and Shiite communities around the world protest in defense of Iran. 2026 Strait of Hormuz crisis leads to an effective halt in shipping traffic of Oil in the region. Israel closes all crossings at the Egypt–Gaza border, suspending the humanitarian aid for the Gazans.^[192]^[193] Economic impact of the 2026 Iran war around the world

Minor conflicts, proxy wars, military incidents and alleged interventions

More information Conflict, Iran (and allies) ...

Conflict	Iran (and allies)	Opponents	Results	Notes
Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon (1968–1982) Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Israeli–Lebanese conflict, the Lebanese Civil War, and the Arab Cold War	Palestine Liberation Organization Syria Lebanese National Movement Lebanese National Resistance Front Supported by: Soviet Union^[194] People's Revolutionary Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran^[195]^[196] (1979–1980)	Israel South Lebanon Army Lebanese Forces	Defeat	1982 kidnapping of Iranian diplomats. Beginning of the South Lebanon conflict. Mohammad Montazeri (son of Grand Ayatollah Hussein-Ali Montazeri) and Mehdi Hashemi creates the Liberation Movements Unit to Export revolution in the Levant. Factional conflicts, as different Iranian factions promoted Hezbollah or Amal.
Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (11 February 1979–present) 1979 Qatif Uprising 1987 Mecca incident Houthi insurgency Operation Scorched Earth Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon 2011 alleged Iran assassination plot 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war 2015 Mina stampede 2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution 2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran 2017–2020 Qatif unrest 2019 Afif attack part of the post–Cold War era, Iran–Israel proxy conflict, Iran–Turkey proxy conflict, and Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict	Iran Proxies:^[197] Hezbollah Al-Hejaz^[198] Syrian Popular Resistance (since 2024)^[124] OIRAP^[199] (1979–1988)^[200] Liwa Fatemiyoun^[201] Houthis^[202] Syria (until 2024)^[203]^[204] Popular Mobilization Forces^[205]^[206]^[207] Al-Ashtar Brigades^[208] Al-Mukhtar Brigades^[209] Hezbollah^[210]^[211] Hamas^[212]^[213] Hüseynçilər^[214] Muslim Brotherhood^[215]^[216] Liwa Zainebiyoun^[217]^[218] IMN^[219] Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan^[220]	Saudi Arabia Proxies: FSA (until 2017)^[221]^[204] Syria (since 2024) KDPI^[222]^[223] Jaish ul-Adl^[224] PJAK^[225] Komala^[225] LNA^[226]^[227]^[228] ANR^[229] ASMLA^[230] PNA^[231] PAK^[232] Yemen^[233] JRTN (from 2006)^[234]^[235]^[236] LF^[237]^[238] MEK^[239]^[240]^[231]^[241] Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan	Ongoing	Ongoing February 2019 Warsaw Conference Formation of an Arab–Israeli alliance and the Axis of Resistance.
Assadist–Saddamist conflict (22 July 1979–2024) part of the Arab Cold War (until 1990), Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (until 1990), Iraq–Syria relations, and Shia–Sunni conflict (until 1990)	Assadists Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction) Ba'ath Party – Syria Region Assadists in Iraq Al-Awda (alleged) Assadists in other Arab states Ba'athist Syria (until 2024) Syrian Popular Resistance (from 2024) Supported by: Iran Hezbollah Iraq (from 2004) Popular Mobilization Forces Badr Organization ISCI Iraqi Shia militias Dawa Kurdistan Region/Peshmerga KDP PUK Libya (until 1987) North Korea Soviet Union^[242]^[243] (until 1991) Russia (from 2000s) PLO (factions) SSNP DFLP Houthis (until 2023)^[244] South Yemen^[245]^[246]^[247] (until 1990)	Saddamists Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region Saddamists in Syria^[248] Saddamists in other Arab states Ba'athist Iraq (until 2003) JRTN (from 2006) Supported by: MEK^[249] (until 2003) United States (until 1990) United Kingdom (until 1990) West Germany^[250]^[251]^[179] (until 1990) Italy^[252] (until 1990) Egypt^[253] (until 1990) Saudi Arabia (until 1990) Kuwait (until 1990) Jordan France Libya (from 1990s, limited legal support^[254]) Soviet Union (until 1991) North Yemen (until 1990) Lebanese Forces (from 1980)^[255] Muslim Brotherhood in Syria Free Syrian Army PLO (factions)	Inconclusive	Inconclusive Saddamists ousted from power in Iraq in 2003 Assadists ousted from power in Syria in 2024
Qatif conflict (1979–2023) part of the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, Anti-Shia discrimination in Saudi Arabia, Arab Spring and the Shia-Sunni conflict	Iran-backed Shia militants (1980s–1990s)^[256] Organization for the Islamic Revolution in the Arabian Peninsula (1979–91)^[256] Hezbollah Al-Hejaz (1987–2023; mostly inactive from 1990s)^[257] Saudi Shia civilians	Saudi Arabian Government Saudi Arabian National Guard Presidency of State Security Saudi Police	Stalemate	Conflict ended^[258]
Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989) Foreign involvement in the Soviet–Afghan War 1982 Harmak incident 1988 Shindand SuperCobra incident Part of Afghan conflict and the Cold War in Asia	Afghan Mujahideen Sunni Mujahideen Supported by: Pakistan Shia Mujahideen and Hazaras Tehran Eight Supported by: Iran^[259]^[260]^[261] Maoist Mujahideen Supported by: People's Republic of China	Soviet Union Afghanistan Al Zulfiqar	Victory	Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan. Iran backed Hezbe Wahdat is formed.^[262] Increasement of Afghans in Iran as refugees.
Sectarian violence in Pakistan (1947−Present) Insurgency in Balochistan Killing of Iranian Diplomats in Pakistan (1997−2000)^[263] Part of Terrorism in Pakistan and Shia-Sunni divide	Shia Groups: Tehreek-e-Jafaria Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan Ansar-ul-Hussain^[264]^[265]^[266] Khatam-ul-Anbia^[264]^[265]^[267] Supported by: Iran (since 1979)^[268] Liwa Zainabiyoun	Pakistan: Government of Pakistan Ministry of Defence Pakistan Armed Forces Pakistan Army Pakistan Air Force Pakistan Navy Ministry of Interior Civil Armed Forces Pakistan Levies Frontier Corps Pakistan Rangers Pakistan Coast Guards Gilgit Baltistan Scouts Federal Constabulary Pakistan Police Counter Terrorism Department Balochistan Levies Pakistani Intelligence community NACTA ISI MI IB FIA SB Victims: Shia Muslims (main victims)^[269]^[270] Anti-sectarianist Sunni Muslims Ahmadiyya Hindus Christians Sikhs Other ethnic and religious communities in Pakistan Terrorist and extremist groups: Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi Tehreek-e-Jihad Pakistan^[271] Tariq Gidar Group Hafiz Gul Bahadur Group^[272] Fedayeen al-Islam (until 2010) Jaish-e-Fursan-e-Muhammad Group^[273] Punjabi Taliban (until 2014) Ansar ul-Mujahideen Jamaat-ul-Ahrar Ahrar-ul-Hind East Turkestan Islamic Movement (the group lost territories in 2015^[274] & active until 2017 in Waziristan)^[275] Islamic Jihad Union (until 2025) TLP^[276] (2016–2025)^[277]^[278] Hizb ut-Tahrir Lashkar-e-Omar (until 2002) Haji Namdar Group (until 2008) Tariq Gidar Group (until 2017) Lashkar-e-Islam (until 2025) Jamaat-ul-Ahrar (until 2020) Ahrar-ul-Hind (until 2014) Jaish ul-Adl (against both Iran & Pakistan until 2026) Al-Qaeda AQIS Ansar Al-Furqan Abdullah Azzam Brigade (until 2015)^[279] Ansarul Sharia Pakistan Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (until 2018) ASWJ (until 2021) Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (until 2024) Baloch separatist groups: Baloch Raaji Aajoi Sangar BLA Majeed Brigade^[280] Fateh Squad BLF LeB (inactive) BLUF (2009-2010) BSO (Azad) (inactive) BNA (2022–23) BRA (2006–22) UBA (2013–22) Other Baloch Separatist groups Islamic State-Aligned groups: Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (until 2015) Jundallah (until 2014) Tehreek-e-Khilafat (from 2014)^[281] Wilayat Khorasan (from 2015) Islamic State – Pakistan Province^[282] Muhajir nationalist groups: (until 2025) MQM-L (until 2016) Good Friends^[283] Sector Commanders (until 2016)^[283] Nadeem Commando (1990–96)^[284] Faheem Commando (1990–95)^[285]^[286] MQM-H (until 1992) Pro-Sindhudesh Sindhi nationalist groups Baloch Raaji Aajoi Sangar Sindhudesh Revolutionary Army Sindhudesh Liberation Army Sindhudesh People's Army Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz Jeay Sindh Students' Federation	Ongoing	Division of Shia Islamists between Pro-Khomeinism (favourable to Iran's Axis of Resistance) and Pro-Shariatmadari (critic to the Iranian Revolution), provocating a Rrivalry between Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan and Tehreek-e-Jaferia Pakistan. Pakistani Taliban announced re-insurgency in Pakistan.
Iranian Embassy siege (1980)	Iran United Kingdom	Democratic Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Arabistan (DRFLA)	Victory	Embassy recaptured after six-day siege
Tanker War (1981−1988) Action of June 5, 1984 Operation Earnest Will Operation Prime Chance Operation Praying Mantis part of Iran–Iraq War	Iran Supported by: Pakistan^[287]^[288]	Iraq Supported by: United States Saudi Arabia Kuwait	Inconclusive	UNSCR 598
Multinational Force in Lebanon (1982–1984) Part of Lebanese Civil War	Islamic Jihad Organization Iran Ba'athist Syria Progressive Socialist Party Amal Movement	United States France Italy United Kingdom	Stalemate	Syrian Allied victory^[289] Multinational forces fail to prevent collapse of Lebanese Army into Syrian- or Israeli- supported militias^[290] Multinational forces evacuated after the US embassy and US Marine barracks are bombed by the Islamic Jihad Organization Multinational forces oversee withdrawal of Palestine Liberation Organization Humanitarian crisis in southern Lebanon Civil war continues until 1990 President Hafez al-Assad continues his occupation of Lebanon until his son and later president Bashar al-Assad orders a withdrawal from the country
Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005) Part of Sudanese Civil Wars	Sudan Armed Forces PDF Army of Peace Muraheleen Ex-FAR and Interahamwe^[291] SSDF SPLA dissidents SPLA-Nasir SPLA-United^[292] SSIM/A Nuer White Army Ugandan insurgents: LRA^[293] WNBF^[294] UNRF (II)^[294] Zaire (1994–1997)^[295]^[296] al-Qaeda (1991–1996)^[297]^[298]^{[irrelevant citation]} Iraq^[o] China^[p] Combat aid: Libya (1986–1991)^[302]^[303] DR Congo (1998–2003) Non-combat aid: Iran^[304] Belarus (from 1996)^[305]^[306]	SPLA SPLA-Mainstream^[292] SPLA-Agar SPDF ALF Titweng^[307] SSLM NDA Sudanese Alliance Forces^[308] Anyanya II Eastern Coalition Derg (until 1987)^[309] PDR Ethiopia (1987–1991)^[309] FDR Ethiopia (1995–1998)^[298] Eritrea (1996–1998, 2002–2005)^[310] Uganda (from 1993)^[311]^[312] Non-combat aid: Libya (1983–1985)^[313]^[314] Israel^[315] Cuba (until 1991)^[316]	Stalemate	Comprehensive Peace Agreement
1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq Part of Iran–Iraq War and Iraqi–Kurdish conflict	KDP Supported by: Iran PUK Kurdish mujahideen	Iraq	Stalemate	Long term Kurdish tactical failure
Iran–Israel proxy conflicts (1985^[317]−present) Hezbollah–Israel conflict Karine A affair Francop Affair 2009 Sudan airstrikes Victoria Affair 2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war Operation Full Disclosure Operation Northern Shield 2019 Israeli airstrikes in Iraq 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis 2022 Erbil missile attacks 2023 Iran drone attacks 2023 Israel–Lebanon shellings 2024 Iranian missile strikes in Iraq and Syria part of the post–Cold War era, the Arab–Israeli conflict, the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, and the Iran–Turkey proxy conflict	Iran Proxies: Hezbollah^[318] Hamas^[319]^[320] (2006–2011; 2017–present) Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (2013–present)^[321]^[322] Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ)^[323]^[324] Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP–GC)^[325] (2013–present) Sabireen Movement (until 2019)^[326] Houthis^[327] / Popular Mobilization Units^[328]^{[better source needed]} National Defence Forces^[329]^[330] (until 2024) Islamic Resistance in Iraq Liwa Fatemiyoun^[331] Husseiniyoun^[332] Liwa Zainebiyoun Al-Ashtar Brigades^[333] Support: Syria (until 2024)	Israel Proxies: South Lebanon Army (until 2000) Fursan al-Joulan (2013–19)^[334]^[335]^[336] Popular Forces of Palestine^[337] (2024–present) Support: United States United Kingdom (Operation Iron Shield only)^[110] France (Operation Iron Shield only)^[111]	Ongoing	Ongoing Iran reinforces Syria and Hezbollah Iranian support for Hamas is consolidated Israel tries to prevent weapon transfers to Hezbollah 2006 Lebanon War ends in military stalemate and Israeli withdrawal Beginning of the ongoing Gaza–Israel conflict in June 2006 Israel tries to stop the Iranian nuclear program^[338] Iran grows major spheres of influence in the Middle East^[339] Formation of the Arab–Israeli alliance and the Abraham Accords Iran provides munitions to Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) in the Gaza Strip Escalation to a direct conflict between the two countries in 2024 and 2025
War of Brothers (1988–1990) Part of Lebanese Civil War	Hezbollah Lebanese Islamic Resistance Supported by: Iran	Amal Movement Lebanese Resistance Regiments Supported by: Syria	Inconclussive	Reconciliation between the two parties.
Afghan Civil War (1989–1992) Part of the Cold War, Revolutions of 1989, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, and Afghan conflict	Afghan Mujahideen^[340] Jamiat-e Islami Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until July 1989)^[340] National Islamic Front of Afghanistan Ittehad-e Islami Hezb-i Islami Khalis Harakat-i Inqilab-i Islami^[341] Independent Factions: Khalq (1990)^[342] Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (from July 1989)^[340] Junbish-i Milli (from 1992) Foreign Fighters: Al Qaeda^[343] Maktab al-Khidamat Various factions also fought among each other Pakistan Saudi Arabia Turkey United States United Kingdom China Germany Iran	Government of Afghanistan Supported by: Soviet Union (until 1991) Commonwealth of Independent States (from 1991)^[344] Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan India	Victory	Dissolution of the Homeland Party Government The Peshawar Accord leads to the creation of the Islamic State of Afghanistan on 28 April 1992 Continued civil war among Mujahideen forces
1991 Iraqi uprisings Part of the aftermath of the Gulf War	Shia and leftist elements of opposition: SCIRI/Badr Brigades Dawa Communist Party Pro-Syrian Ba'athists Army deserters/defectors Kurdish rebels: Peshmerga: KDP PUK IMK CPK Jash deserters/defectors PDKI Diplomatic support: United States^[345] Military support: Iran^[346]	Ba'athist Iraq Ba'ath Party Iraqi Army Republican Guard Special Republican Guard Popular Army General Security Intelligence Service Special Security Support: MEK	Iraqi government military victory	Establishment of Kurdistan Region, facilitated by the imposition of the Iraqi no-fly zones by United States, United Kingdom and France. Iraqi Kurdish gets Kurdistan Region.
Bosnian War (1992–1995) Part of Yugoslav Wars	Bosnia and Herzegovina Military Support: Iran (alleged) Quds Force^[347]^[348]^[349] Herzeg-Bosnia Croatia	Republika Srpska Serbian Krajina SFR Yugoslavia (until 1992) Western Bosnia	Stalemate	Breakup of Yugoslavia International recognition of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a sovereign state. Republika Srpska federates with Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Algerian Civil War (1992–2002) part of Arab Cold War and Algeria–Morocco rivalry	Islamic Salvation Front loyalists Morocco ^[350]^[351]^[352] Libya (until 1995)^[350] Saudi Arabia (pre-war)^[353] Saudi private donors^[353] Armed Islamic Group (from 1993) Minor involvement: Sudan (alleged)^[354]^[355]^[356] Iran (alleged)^[353]^[354]^[355]^[356] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (until 1995)^[357] Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (from 1998) Minor involvement: Al-Qaeda^[354]	Government of Algeria Minor involvement: Egypt^[358]^[350] Tunisia^[358]^[350] France^[350]^[353] European Union^[353] South Africa^[359]	Defeat	Algerian Government victory over the islamists.
Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) Part of the Afghan conflict and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict	Hezb-i Wahdat (Dec. 1992–1995) Supported by: Iran (Dec. 1992–1995)^[360] Junbish-i Milli (Jan.–Aug. 1994) Supported by: Uzbekistan (Jan.–Aug. 1994) Islamic State of Afghanistan List Northern Alliance Jamiat-e Islami NIFA IDOA Harakat-i Islami Junbish-i Milli (until Jan. 1994; from Aug. 1994) Hezb-i Wahdat (from 1995) Shura-e Nazar Hezb-e Islami Khalis (until mid-1992) INRMA ANFL (Jeebh-e Nejat-e Melli) Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (from late 1994) Supported by: Saudi Arabia Uzbekistan (until Jan. 1994; from Aug. 1994) Iran (until Dec. 1992: from 1995)^[360]	Afghan Army and Airforce Remnants (allegedly, until October 1992) Regional Kandahar Militia Leaders Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until late 1994)^[361] Supported by: Pakistan (until late 1994) Taliban (from late 1994) Al-Qaeda (from early 1996) Supported by: Pakistan (from late 1994)	Stalemate	Inconclussive Taliban take control of Kabul and most of Afghanistan; Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan established Civil war continues (1996–2001)
Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997) part of the post-Soviet conflicts and spillover of the Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)	United Tajik Opposition Islamic Renaissance Party Tajik Democratic Party Party of People's Unity Rastokhez Popular Movement Lali Badakhshan Afghanistan (until 1996) Jamiat-e Islami (until 1996)^[362] Supported by: al-Qaeda^[363] Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan Taliban Iran (alleged, denied by Iran)^[364]^[365]^[366]^[367]	/ Tajikistan Popular Front of Tajikistan^[368] Communist Party of Tajikistan Socialist Party of Tajikistan / Russia Uzbekistan / Kazakhstan / Kyrgyzstan Supported by: Belarus^[369] (weapons supplies) UNMOT Austria Bangladesh Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Ghana Hungary Indonesia Jordan Nepal Nigeria Poland Switzerland Ukraine Uruguay	Defeat	Armistice
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997) Part of Iraqi–Kurdish conflict	PUK PKK^[370] SCIRI KCP Iraqi National Congress Supported by: Iran (from 1995) Syria United States (1996)	KDP PDKI Supported by: Iraq (from 1995) Turkey (from 1997) Iran (before 1995)	Stalemate	Washington Agreement PKK moved to Qandil mountains from Bekaa Valle
Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) 1998 killing of Iranian diplomats in Afghanistan Eastern Iran clashes Part of the Afghan conflict	Islamic State of Afghanistan (Northern Alliance) Supported by: Russia^[371]^[372] Iran^[371]^[372] Uzbekistan^[371]^[372] India^[373] Tajikistan	Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban) Haqqani network Al-Qaeda Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan Supported by: Pakistan^[374]^[372]^[375]^[376]^[377]	Stalemate	Development of the Six plus Two Group on Afghanistan. United States invasion of Afghanistan
1999 Shia uprising in Iraq Part of Prelude to the Iraq war	Rebels: SCIRI / Badr Dawa^[378] Supported by: Iran^[379]	Government of Iraq	Defeat	Saddamist victory.
War in Darfur (2003–2020) Part of Sudanese Civil Wars and Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile	Sudan SAF Janjaweed RSF Chadian rebel groups^[380] Anti-Gaddafi forces (2011)^[381] Supported by: Libya (2011–2020)^[382] China^[383] Iran (until 2016)^[384] Russia^[385] Belarus^[386] Syria (2000s, alleged)^[387]	SRF^[q] (2006–2020) JEM (2003–2020) SLA (some factions) (2003–2020) LJM (2010–11)^[r] SLA (some factions) SARC (2014–2020) SLFA (2017–2020)^[389] SLA-Unity SLMJ JEM (Jali) Supported by: South Sudan^[390] Chad (2005–2010)^[391] Eritrea (until 2008)^[392] Libya (until 2011)^[393] Uganda (until 2015)^[394] UNAMID (2007–2020)	Stalemate	Iran–Sudan relations improves against Western Bloc until breaking out in 2016 due to Sudanese intervention in the Yemeni civil war against Houthis. Darfur Peace Agreement and South Sudan independence referendum.
Iraqi insurgency (2003-2011) Iranian involvement in the Iraq War United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil Karbala provincial headquarters raid part of the Iraq War	United States United Kingdom MNF–I (2003–09) United States (2003–09) United Kingdom (2003–09) Australia (2003–09) Romania (2003–09) Azerbaijan (2003–08) Kuwait (2003–08) Estonia (2003–09) El Salvador (2003–09) Bulgaria (2003–08) Moldova (2003–08) Albania (2003–08) Ukraine (2003–08) Denmark (2003–08) Czech Republic (2003–08) South Korea (2003–08) Singapore (2003–08) Croatia (2003–08) Bosnia and Herzegovina (2003–08) Republic of Macedonia (2003–08) Latvia (2003–08) Poland (2003–08) Kazakhstan (2003–08) Mongolia (2003–08) Georgia (2003–08) Tonga (2004–08) Japan (2004–08) Armenia (2005–08) Slovakia (2003–07) Lithuania (2003–07) Italy (2003–06) Norway (2003–06) Hungary (2003–05) Netherlands (2003–05) Portugal (2003–05) New Zealand (2003–04) Thailand (2003–04) Philippines (2003–04) Honduras (2003–04) Dominican Republic (2003–04) Spain (2003–04) Nicaragua (2003–04) Iceland (2003–unknown) New Iraqi government Iraqi Armed Forces Iraqi Police Iraqi Kurdistan Peshmerga Sons of Iraq Badr Organization Supported by: Iran^[395]^[396] Artesh Quds Force NATO NATO Training Mission – Iraq Israel^[397]^[398]^[399] United Nations United Nations Security Council United Nations Secretariat United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq	Ba'ath Party loyalists Fedayeen Saddam (2003 Only) Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation (from 2007) Naqshbandi Army (from 2006) Supported by: Syria^[400] Sunni insurgents Al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda in Iraq (2004–06) Islamic State of Iraq^[401] (from 2006) Islamic Army in Iraq Ansar al-Sunnah (2003–07) Iraqi Islamic Resistance Army other smaller groups Several Sunni Tribes Shia insurgents Mahdi Army (2003–2008) Special Groups Kata'ib Hezbollah Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq Promised Day Brigades (from 2008) other smaller groups Several Shia Tribes Supported by: Iran^[395]^[396] Iranian Army Quds Force	Inconclusive	Inconclusive 2003–2006 insurgency phase deteriorates into 2006–2008 civil war 20,000+ additional American soldiers deployed to Iraq to quell violence in troop surge of 2007 Coalition failure to defeat Iraqi insurgency^[402]^[403]^[404]^[405] End of American military presence in Iraq with 2007–2011 withdrawal Continued Iraqi conflict
Houthi insurgency (2004–2014) Operation Scorched Earth part of the Yemeni crisis and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict	Houthi Movement Yemen (pro-Saleh forces) Alleged support by: Iran^[406]^[407] North Korea^[408]^[409]^[410] Libya (until 2011)^[411]	Yemen Security Forces Sunni tribes^[412] Al-Islah militias Saudi Arabia Supported by: Jordan^[413] Morocco^[414] al-Qaeda Ansar al-Sharia^[415]	Houthi victory	Houthi victory Conflict escalates into a full-scale civil war with the Yemeni government and foreign intervention^[416] Houthi rebels take over Sa'dah^[417] and establish an independent administration in Sa'dah Governorate and parts of 'Amran, Al Jawf and Hajjah.^[418] Houthis take control of Sanaa^[419]^[420] Yemeni government under President Hadi relocated from Sanaa to Aden Iran-Morocco relations diplomatic relations are severed.
2004 Iranian seizure of Royal Navy personnel (2004)	Navy of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution Iranian Border Guard Command	British Royal Navy	Victory	Victory British naval personnel arrested 3 patrol boats seized
2005 Ahvaz unrest (2005) part of Arab separatism in Khuzestan	Iranian Government	Iranian Arabs	Victory	Unrest quelled
Fatah–Hamas conflict (2006–present) Part of Palestinian internal political violence	Hamas Gaza Strip (after June 2007) Hamas/PJOR-affiliated groups in the West Bank (from 2022) Supported by: Iran^[421]^[422]^[423] Palestinian Joint Operations Room	Fatah Palestinian Authority Fatah-affiliated groups in the Gaza Strip (from 2025) Supported by: Israel^[424]	Ongoing	Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip New Palestinian government in the West Bank
U.S. raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil (2007) part of Iraq War	Iran Iraqi Kurdistan	United States	Defeat	Iranian diplomats captured by the US Iranian retaliatory raids against the US
2007 Iranian arrest of Royal Navy personnel (2007)	Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Border Guard Command	Royal Navy	Victory	Two British boats seized 15 Royal Navy personnel captured
Iranian Anti-piracy measures in Somalia^[425]^[426] (2008–present) part of Piracy in Somalia, war on terror and Somali Civil War	Somalia UN Iran China India Russia Arab League Israel NATO European Union Japan South Korea SADC	Somali pirates	Ongoing
Somali Civil War (2009–present)	Al-Qaeda and allies Al-Shabaab AQAP AQIM Hizbul Islam (until 2010; 2012–2013) Alleged state allies: Eritrea^[427] Iran^[428] Quds Force^[429] Qatar^[430] Alleged non-state allies: Houthis^[431]^[432] Somali pirates^[433] Islamic State (since 2015)^[434]^[435] Somalia Wilayah Allies: IS-YP^[436] Somali pirates^[433]	Somalia Somali Armed Forces^[437] Regional forces: Galmudug Galmudug Security Force Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a (until 2018)^[438] Ma'awisley^[439] Hirshabelle Khatumo Southwestern Somalia Himan and Heeb (until 2015) United States^[437]^[440]^[441] U.S. Army U.S. Marine Corps U.S. Air Force U.S. Navy CIA AFRICOM China^[442]^[443] People's Armed Police Turkey^[444]^[445] Turkish Land Forces AUSSOM (2025–present)^[437] Burundi (under discussion) Djibouti Egypt (under discussion) Ethiopia Kenya Uganda ATMIS (2022–2024)^[437] Burundi Djibouti Ethiopia Kenya Uganda AMISOM (2007–2022)^[437] Burundi Djibouti Ethiopia Ghana Kenya Nigeria Sierra Leone Uganda Supported by: France^[446] Italy^[447] Russia^[448]^[449] UAE^[450] United Kingdom^[451] Non-combat support: European Union^[452] EUTM Somalia UNPOS (1995–2013) UNSOM (2013–2024) Brazil Finland Germany Ghana India Indonesia Nepal Sierra Leone Sweden Thailand Turkey Uganda United Kingdom Zimbabwe UNTMIS (2025–present) UNSOA (2009–2016) UNSOS (2016–present) Council for Somalia's Future Puntland Puntland Security Force Puntland Dervish Force Puntland Maritime Police Force Jubaland Jubaland Dervish Force Raskamboni Movement Somaliland Somaliland Armed Forces SSB^[453]^[454] Alleged support: Ethiopia^[455] United Arab Emirates^[456]	Ongoing
Insurgency in Bahrain (2011–present) part of 2011 Bahraini uprising and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict	Bahraini opposition Supported by: Iran	Bahrain Supported by: Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates	Ongoing	Ongoing
Iran–Turkey proxy conflict (2011–present) Kurdish Hezbollah insurgency 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria Operation Claw-Sword 2021 Shia militia attacks on Turkey Turkish–Syrian National Army offensive in Northern Syria (2024–2025) part of the Iran–Israel proxy conflict and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict	Iran Proxies Kurdistan Workers' Party PUK Kurdish Hezbollah Sinjar Alliance Hezbollah Popular Mobilization Forces Islamic Resistance in Iraq Houthi movement Husayniyun Libyan House of Representatives (sometimes) Muslim Brotherhood (sometimes)^[457] Hamas (Axis of Resistance) Support Armenia Russia Syria (until 2024) Iraq (sometimes) Rojava (sometimes)^[458] India (sometimes)	Turkey Proxies Syrian National Army Government of National Accord Libyan House of Representatives (sometimes)^[459]^[460] Presidential Leadership Council GAMOH AMDT JAMAH Iraqi Turkmen Front National Council of Resistance of Iran KDP KDPI (1993–1995) Komala (1993–1995) Muslim Brotherhood (sometimes) Hamas (sometimes) Support Azerbaijan Libya Palestinian Authority Qatar Syria (since 2024) United Kingdom United States Lebanon (sometimes) NATO	Ongoing	Ongoing
2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran	United Kingdom Embassy at Tehran Iran	Anti-Western civilian protesters	Stalemate	Defense of the Embassy is reinforced and Iranian government condemns the attacks.
2011–2012 Strait of Hormuz dispute (2011–2012)	Iran	United States United Kingdom France Australia	Stalemate	Iran threatens to close the Strait of Hormuz Multi-national flotilla established in Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea off coast of Iran EU sanctions enforced, banning the export of oil from Iran to the EU countries and freezing Iranian assets
Mali War (2012–present) Part of the War in the Sahel, war on terror and the War against the Islamic State	2012–2013 Mali 2013–2022/23 Mali France MINUSMA^[s] Chad (2013 only) Wagner Group (from 2021) Supported by: EUTM Mali Others Angola^[461] Australia^[462] Belgium^[463] Canada^[464]^[465] Denmark^[466] Germany^[467] India^[468] Iran^[469] Italy^[470] Japan^[471] Namibia^[472] Netherlands^[463] Spain^[463] United Arab Emirates^[463] United Kingdom^[473] United States^[474] 2023–present Mali Russia (2024–present) Africa Corps^[475] Wagner Group (until 2025) Support: North Korea^[476] Native militia (2014–present): Platform MPSA Ganda Iso MAA Loyalists MSA (2019–present) GATIA (2019–23) 2015–23 CSP (from 2021) CMA Platform (from 2021)	2012 MNLA Al-Qaeda AQIM Ansaru Ansar Dine MOJWA Boko Haram 2012–15 CMA (from 2014) MNLA HCUA (from 2013) MAA-D (from 2013) 2023–24 CSP CMA GATIA (al-Mahmoud faction) 2024–present FLA Supported by: Ukraine^[477] 2012–present CMI (2017–present) MAA (until 2013) Other armed groups and self-defense militias 2012–2017 Al-Qaeda AQIM Al-Mourabitoun (from 2015) Ansaru (until 2013) Ansar Dine MLF (from 2016) MOJWA (until 2013) Boko Haram (until 2013) 2017–present Al-Qaeda JNIM 2015–2019 IS ISSP 2019–present IS ISSP	Ongoing
Libyan civil war (2014–2020) Part of the Arab Winter, the Libyan crisis, the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy war, the war on terror, and the Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict, War against the Islamic State and the Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)	House of Representatives (Tobruk-based)^[478]^[479] Libyan National Army^[480]^[481] Libyan Air Force (LNA–aligned) Libyan Navy (LNA–aligned) Others: Zintan brigades^[482] JEM^[483] (from 2016) SLM/A-Minnawi^[484]^[485] Gaddafi loyalists^[486] Popular Front for the Liberation of Libya Warshefana militias ^[482]^[487]^[488] Wagner Group (from 2018) ^[489]^[490]^[491]^[492]^[493] Egypt^[494]^[495]^[496] United Arab Emirates^[494]^[497]^[498]^[499] RSF^[500] (from 2019) Ba'athist Syria (2020)^[501]^[502]^[503] Hezbollah (allegedly)^[504]^[505] Israel (allegedly, denied by LNA)^[506]^[507]^[508]^[509]^[510] Iran^[511] Support: Russia^[512]^[513] France^[514]^[515]^[516]^[517] Saudi Arabia^[518] Chad^[519] Jordan^[520]^[521]^[488] Belarus^[522]^[523] Greece^[524]^[525] Cyprus^[526] United States^[527]^[528] United Kingdom^[529]	Government of National Accord (Tripoli-based) (from 2015) Libyan Ground Forces Libyan Air Force (GNA–aligned) Libyan Navy^[530] (GNA–aligned) Others: Presidential Guard^[531] Misrata Brigades^[532] Sabratha Revolutionary Brigades^[533] Petroleum Facilities Guard^[534] Tripoli Protection Force (from 2018) Misratan Third Force^[535] Tuareg militias of Ghat^[536] Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya^[536] Chadian rebels (FACT,^[537] CCMSR,^[537] URF^[538] and UFDD^[538]) Turkey (2020)^[539]^[540]^[541] Syrian National Army (from 2019)^[542] Popular Resistance Committees^[543]^[544] Hamas (LNA claim, denied by Hamas)^[545] Support: Qatar^[546] Sudan^[547] (until 2019) Pakistan^[548]^[549] Iran^[550] Morocco^[551] Malta^[552] Italy^[60]^[553] European Union^[554] (except Greece, Cyprus and France) United Kingdom^[555] United States (until 2019)^[556]^[557] Ukraine^[558] Algeria^[559] United Nations National Salvation Government (2014–2017)^[560]^[561] Libya Dawn Coalition Libya Shield Force^[562] LROR^[562] Libyan National Guard^[563]^[564]^[565] Support: Sudan (2014–16)^[566]^[547] Turkey (2014–16)^[567]^[568] Qatar (2014–16)^[567]^[546] Iran^[569] (allegedly) Ukraine^[558] Islamic State (from 2014)^[570] Wilayat Libya Support: AQIM (2014–2015;^[571]^[572] alleged in 2016^[573]) Al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb^[574] Al-Mourabitoun (2015-2018)^[575] Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries (2014–2017)^[576]^[577] SCBR militia: Ansar al-Sharia (2014–2017)^[578] Libya Shield 1 (2014–16) Rafallah al-Sahati Brigade February 17th Martyrs Brigade Others: Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna (until 2018)^[579] Benghazi Defense Brigades (2016)^[580]^[581] Ajdabiya Revolutionaries Shura Council (2015–16)^[582] Derna Protection Force (2018-2019)	Stalemate	Ceasefire Iran and Saudi Arabia develops a rivalry concerning the militar support for Khalifa Haftar until 2020.^[583] Iran withdraws due to lack of interest.^[584] Then diplomatically supports the Turkish intervention in Libya (2020–present) after the end of the civil war and the formation of the Government of National Unity.^[585]
2016 U.S.–Iran naval incident (2016)	Iran	United States	Inconclusive	Sailors released unharmed 15 hours later after negotiations
Eastern Syria insurgency (2017–present) Part of the Rojava conflict, the Syrian civil war and the Syrian conflict	Islamic State Wilayat al-Sham Assad loyalists Supported by: Ba'athist Syria Iran (alleged,^{[citation needed]} until 6 December 2024^[586]) Iraq (alleged) Syria (since 2024) Syrian Armed Forces Syrian National Army (until 2025) Ahrar al-Sharqiya Gathering of the Eastern Martyrs Harakat al-Qiyam Revolutionaries in the Land of Deir ez-Zor Special Tasks Battalion Pro-opposition tribes^[587]^[588]^[589] Anti-SDF Arab tribes^[590] Arab Tribal and Clan Forces^[591] Supported by: Turkey^[592] Hurras al-Din (al-Qaeda loyalists, until 2025)^[593]	Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria Syrian Democratic Forces Self-Defence Forces (HXP) Internal Security Forces (Asayish) Pro-SDF Arab tribes CJTF–OIR United States France^[594]^[595] United Kingdom^[596] Canada Germany Saudi Arabia Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK, claimed by Turkey, ISIL and the Popular Resistance)	Ongoing	Inconclusive
2018 attack on the Iranian Embassy in London	Iran United Kingdom	The Mahdi Servants Union	Victory	Attackers were arrested
Palestinian Authority–West Bank militias conflict (2022 – present) Part of Palestinian internal political violence and the Iran–Israel proxy conflict	Palestinian Islamic Jihad Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades Hamas Supported by: Iran^[597]^[598]^[599]	Palestinian Authority Template:Country data Fatah leadership Supported by: Israel^[600]^[601]^[602] United States^[603]^[93]	Ongoing	Escalation in clashes during the Gaza war
2022 Iran–Greece naval incident	Iran Supported by: Russia	Greece Supported by: European Union United States	Inconclusive	The Greek seizure was lifted.
Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present) Iran and the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present) Part of Post-soviet conflicts	Russia Donetsk PR^[t] Luhansk PR^[t] Supported by: Belarus^[u] North Korea Iran (alleged, denied by Iran)^[439]	Ukraine Supported by: Military aid to Ukraine	Ongoing	Territorial control during the Russo-Ukrainian war. Iran denied any involvement in the war.^[53]
Sudanese civil war (2023–present) Iranian intervention in Sudan Part of Sudanese Civil Wars	Sudanese government Sudanese Armed Forces PDF^[608] Popular Resistance Al-Bara Battalion AWB SPLM-N (Agar)^[609] JEM^[610] SLM (Minnawi) SLM (Tambour) (from August 2023) Darfur Joint Protection Force (from November 2023) Egypt Supported by: Ukraine^[611]^[612]^[613] Turkey^[614]^[615] Iran^[616]^[617] Saudi Arabia^[618]	Government of Peace and Unity (from April 2025)^[619] Rapid Support Forces Non-RSF Janjaweed militias SPLM-N (al-Hilu) (from February 2025) Tamazuj (from August 2023) Libyan National Army^[620]^[621] Desert Wolves^[622] Supported by: United Arab Emirates^[623]^[624]^[625]^[626] Wagner Group^[627]^[628] Chad (alleged)^[629] SLM (al-Nur)^[630] SPLM-N (al-Hilu) (June 2023 – February 2025)	Ongoing	Iran–Sudan relations are restored and Iranian-Houthi Sphere of influence is expanded in the Red Sea.^[631]
2026 Kurdish–Iranian crisis Part of Kurdish separatism in Iran, the 2025–2026 Iranian protests and the 2026 Iran war	Iran Axis of Resistance Popular Mobilization Forces Islamic Resistance in Iraq Saraya Awliya al-Dam	Coalition of Political Forces of Iranian Kurdistan (CPFIK) Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran Kurdistan Freedom Party Kurdistan Free Life Party Organization of Iranian Kurdistan Struggle Komala of the Toilers of Kurdistan Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan Supported by: United States (alleged) Israel (alleged)	Ongoing	Limited insurgency during the protests Spillover into the Kurdistan Region of Iraq Speculations about a US-backed Kurdish offensive

Notes

[a]
Regency Council was practically dissolved on 22 January 1979, when its head resigned to meet Ruhollah Khomeini.
[b]
Imperial Iranian Army revoked their allegiance to the throne and declared neutrality on 11 February 1979.
[c]
Iraq claimed victory following a successful 1988 counter-offensive aimed at expelling Iranian forces from Iraq which compelled Iran to submit to a ceasefire the same year, and also due to the country becoming the dominant power in the Middle East as a result of the conflict. Iran also claimed victory for expelling Iraqi forces from Iran following 1982 offensives, despite failing in its later-goal to overthrow the Iraqi government and also despite suffering higher military and economic losses than Iraq.^[26]^[27]
[d]
After the war concluded, Iraq continued to maintain control over the entire Shatt al-Arab and other Iranian territories it had occupied along the border, covering an area of 9,600 km². It was not until 16 August 1990 that Iraq agreed to return these occupied territories to Iran and to divide sovereignty over the Shatt al-Arab. This restored the border to the terms established by the 1975 Algiers Agreement.
[e]
Formed by a faction of the Southern Movement, it was established on 11 May 2017, and has called for the secession of a proposed federal "State of South Arabia" from the rest of the nation along the borders of South Yemen, with the name being inspired from the British-created Federation of South Arabia.
[f]
logistic support and assistance with the naval blockade of Houthi-held territories in October 2016^[64]^[65]^[66]
[g]
training, intelligence, logistical support, weapons, and blockade up to 2017^[68]^[69]^[70]^[71]
[h]
From May 2024.^[106]^[107]^[108] Popular Forces have been described as a Salafi Jihadist organization with alleged ties to the Islamic State. Several senior leaders in the Popular Forces also allied with the Islamic State in the Sinai.^[109]
[i]
The Syrian Arab Republic under Assad was supported by Iran, Hezbollah and Iraqi militias until his fall on 8 December 2024
[j]
Until 8 December 2024
[k]
The Syrian caretaker government was established two days after Assad was overthrown on 10 December
[l]
Political legitimacy of all Houthi-led government bodies has been rejected by the United Nations, rival Yemeni factions, the Gulf Cooperation Council, and the United States.
[m]
Multiple sources indicate that the Iranian government has deployed military personnel to Houthi-controlled Yemen who are actively involved in attacks on commercial shipping.^[119]^[120]
[n]
Caretaker government until 29 March; Transitional government from 29 March
[o]
Iraqi support for Sudan during the war mostly consisted of weapons shipments;^[299] according to the South Sudanese, however, at least one unit of Iraqi paratroopers fought alongside the SAF near Juba. About 200 Iraqi soldiers were allegedly killed, and the site of their remains became known as "Jebel Iraqi".^[300] The International Institute for Strategic Studies also stated that Iraqi forces fought alongside Sudanese government troops.^[301]
[p]
Although China was not officially involved in the war, it sent troops to the country in order to protect oil fields and thereby aid the Sudanese military. China also provided Sudan with weaponry.^[301]
[q]
Known as the National Redemption Front prior to 2011.
[r]
Signed the Doha Darfur Peace Agreement in 2011.^[388]
[s]
MINUSMA, the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali, replaced and absorbed the troops from the AFISMA. It included troops from Chad, Bangladesh, Senegal, Togo, Egypt, Burkina Faso, Niger, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Germany, China, Benin, among others
[t]
The Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic were Russian puppet states that declared their independence from Ukraine in May 2014. In 2022, they received international recognition from each other, Russia, Syria and North Korea, and some other partially recognised states. On 30 September 2022, Russia declared that it had formally annexed both entities. They continue to exist as republics of Russia.^{[citation needed]}
[u]
In 2022, Belarus allowed Russia to use its territory to launch the invasion^[604]^[605]^[606] and to launch missiles into Ukraine.^[607] See: Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine

List of wars involving Iran

Major conflicts

Minor conflicts, proxy wars, military incidents and alleged interventions

See also

Notes

References

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