Job Caudwell

Job Caudwell was born in 1820, at Drayton Manor, Berkshire.^[1] He was christened on 17 January 1821 in Drayton.^[2] Caudwell was the seventh and youngest son, of William Caudwell (1779–1854) and his wife Hannah Caudwell (née Lousley; 1782–1849).^[1] He had 20 siblings. His family belonged to an armigerous Caudwell lineage in Berkshire that had settled in Abingdon in 1790.^[3]

Caudwell was raised in rural Berkshire. He later travelled widely, and developed interests in botany and antiquarian research.^[3]

Caudwell was a committed teetotaller who worked to address what he regarded as the root causes of social problems, particularly those he associated with alcohol consumption.^[3][4] With fellow temperance activist William Horsell, he co-published the Temperance Star (1857–1876) and the Temperance Spectator (1859–1867). After Horsell's death in 1863, Caudwell published the Journal of Health.^[4]

Caudwell became a vegetarian through reading and adorned his home with vegetarian mottos.^[5] He was actively involved in the vegetarian movement in London and was involved with the London Vegetarian Association.^[3] He published the vegetarian cookbook Vegetarian Cookery for the Million in 1864.^[4] Caudwell was also reported, in the Journal of Health, to have climbed Ben Nevis while following a vegetarian diet.^[3]

Caudwell was a member of the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League (later the National Anti-Vaccination League).^[3] He also supported homeopathy and hydropathy.^[6]

In July 1859, Caudwell entered into a publishing partnership with William Horsell at 335 The Strand, which lasted until September 1860.^[5]

From the same premises Caudwell also operated a small homeopathic institute, where he dispensed his own preparation of homeopathic cocoa and sold unadulterated flour.^[3] His publishing output in the 1860s included temperance dictionaries, health manuals, and studies of Mormonism. He also published Southcottian works and studies of the American Civil War.^[5]

Caudwell was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1863 and a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society in 1879.^[2][7] In 1891, he became a member of the Victoria Institute.^[8]

Historian James Gregory describes Caudwell as a "household name" in the Victorian temperance movement.^[3] In February 1865, a memoir and portrait of Caudwell was published in The Illustrated News of the World, where he served as editor.^[2][3] In 1881, he laid the cornerstone of Putney Methodist Church.^[9]

Caudwell married Eliza Cooper Braine in 1860, and they had eight sons and two daughters.^[10] She died in 1887. In 1901, he married Eliza Harvey.^[2]

Caudwell later lived in Spencer Park, Wandsworth, in a concrete house built to his own design.^[10] He died there on 5 June 1908, aged 87.^[11] He was buried in Wandsworth Cemetery beneath a large granite obelisk inscribed with the names of his first wife and their ten children. According to the memoir of his granddaughter Irene Caudwell, only Caudwell and his first wife were interred in the vault beneath the monument.^[10]