List of South African records in athletics

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The following are the national records in athletics in South Africa maintained by Athletics South Africa (ASA).

Outdoor

Key to tables:   Awaiting ratification   Record not kept by ASA   Not ratified or later rescinded by ASA

Men

More information Event, Record ...
Event Record Athlete Date Meet Place Ref.
60 m 6.58 A (−1.8 m/s) Bayanda Walaza 8 February 2025 Curro Podium Grand Finale & Simbine Classic Shootout Pretoria, South Africa [1]
100 y 9.41+ (−0.4 m/s) Simon Magakwe 17 June 2014 Golden Spike Ostrava Ostrava, Czech Republic
100 m 9.82 (+1.0 m/s) Akani Simbine 4 August 2024 Olympic Games Paris, France [2][3]
150 m 15.04 A (+0.7 m/s) Akani Simbine 17 February 2024 Simbine Curro Classic Shoot-Out Pretoria, South Africa [4]
200 m 19.69 A (−0.5 m/s) Clarence Munyai 16 March 2018 National Championships Pretoria, South Africa [5]
200 m straight 19.84 (+0.6 m/s) Wayde van Niekerk 4 June 2017 Boost Boston Games Boston, United States [6]
300 m 30.81 [WB] Wayde Van Niekerk 28 June 2017 Golden Spike Ostrava Ostrava, Czech Republic [7]
400 m 43.03 Wayde van Niekerk 14 August 2016 Olympic Games Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [8]
600 m 1:15.58 A Reinhardt van Rensburg 30 January 2015 Eaglesclub Classic Shootout Pretoria, South Africa
1:15.03 André Olivier 24 August 2014 Diamond League Birmingham, United Kingdom [9]
1:15.13 Hezekiél Sepeng September 2000 Gold Coast, Australia [10]
1:15.57 Hendrick Mokganyetsi 15 June 1997 Leeds, United Kingdom [11]
800 m 1:42.69 Hezekiél Sepeng 3 September 1999 Memorial Van Damme Brussels, Belgium
1000 m 2:15.86 Mbulaeni Mulaudzi 7 August 2007 DN Galan Stockholm, Sweden
1500 m 3:31.35 Tshepo Tshite 20 June 2025 Meeting de Paris Paris, France [12][13]
Mile 3:50.70 Johan Cronje 31 May 2014 Prefontaine Classic Eugene, United States [14]
Mile (road) 3:56.45 Ryan Mphahlele 27 April 2024 Adizero: Road to Records Herzogenaurach, Germany [15]
2000 m 4:56.41 Johan Fourie 22 April 1985 Stellenbosch, South Africa [16]
3000 m 7:32.99 Adriaan Wildschutt 25 August 2024 Kamila Skolimoswka Memorial Chorzów, Poland [17][18]
5000 m 12:56.67[a] Adriaan Wildschutt 30 May 2024 Bislett Games Oslo, Norway [19]
5 km (road) 13:06 Maxime Chaumeton 4 April 2026 Urban Trail de Lille Lille, France [20][21]
10,000 m 26:50.64 Adriaan Wildschutt 2 August 2024 Olympic Games Paris, France [22][23][24][25]
10 km (road) 26:55 Maxime Chaumeton 5 October 2025 Brașov Running Festival Brașov, Romania [26][27]
15 km (road) 41:40+ Adriaan Wildschutt 26 October 2025 Valencia Half Marathon Valencia, Spain [28]
10 miles (road) 46:11 Hendrick Ramaala 20 September 1998 Glen Dimplex Cross Border Challenge Newry, United Kingdom [29]
20 km (road) 56:07+ Adriaan Wildschutt 26 October 2025 Valencia Half Marathon Valencia, Spain [30]
One hour 20386 m Kevin Shaw 2 October 1978 Bellville, South Africa
Half marathon 59:13 Adriaan Wildschutt 26 October 2025 Valencia Half Marathon Valencia, Spain [31][32]
25 km (road) 1:13:24+ Elroy Gelant 27 April 2025 Hamburg Marathon Hamburg, Germany [33]
30 km (road) 1:28:10+ Elroy Gelant 27 April 2025 Hamburg Marathon Hamburg, Germany [34]
Marathon 2:05:36 Elroy Gelant 27 April 2025 Hamburg Marathon Hamburg, Germany [35][36]
50 km (road) 2:39:04 Tete Dijana 26 February 2023 Nedbank Runified Breaking Barriers 50km Gqeberha, South Africa [37]
100 km (road) 6:24:06 Bongmusa Mthembu 27 November 2016 Los Alcázares, Spain [38]
5:59:20#[b] Sibusiso Kubheka 26 August 2025 Chasing 100 Nardò Ring, Italy [39]
110 m hurdles 13.11 (+1.8 m/s) Antonio Alkana 5 June 2017 Josef Odložil Memorial Prague, Czech Republic [40]
200 m hurdles (straight) 22.10 (+1.8 m/s) L. J. van Zyl 9 May 2015 Manchester City Games Manchester, United Kingdom [41]
200 m hurdles (bend) 22.6 h A OT Hendrik Serfontein 23 March 1967 Bloemfontein, South Africa
300 m hurdles 34.34 Sabelo Dhlamini 26 August 2025 International Meeting Maribor, Slovenia [42]
400 m hurdles 47.66 A L. J. van Zyl 25 February 2011 Yellow Pages Invitation Series II Pretoria, South Africa [43][44][45]
47.66 31 May 2011 Golden Spike Ostrava Ostrava, Czech Republic [46][47]
2000 m steeplechase 5:26.46 Ruben Ramolefi 30 June 2010 Meeting de la ville de Reims Reims, France [48]
3000 m steeplechase 8:11.50 Ruben Ramolefi 29 August 2011 World Championships Daegu, South Korea [49]
High jump 2.38 m Jacques Freitag 5 March 2005 Oudtshoorn, South Africa
Pole vault 6.03 m Okkert Brits 18 August 1995 Cologne, Germany
Long jump 8.65 m A (+1.3 m/s) Luvo Manyonga 22 April 2017 South African Championships Potchefstroom, South Africa [50]
Triple jump 17.35 m (+0.2 m/s) Godfrey Mokoena 14 September 2014 IAAF Continental Cup Marrakech, Morocco [51]
Shot put 21.97 m Janus Robberts 2 June 2001 Eugene, United States
Discus throw 70.32 m Frantz Kruger 26 May 2002 Salon-de-Provence, France
Hammer throw 80.63 m Chris Harmse 15 April 2005 Durban, South Africa
Javelin throw 88.75 m Marius Corbett 21 September 1998 Commonwealth Games Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Decathlon 8398 pts Willem Coertzen 30–31 May 2015 Hypo-Meeting Götzis, Austria [52]
100m Long jump Shot put High jump 400m 110m H Discus Pole vault Javelin 1500m
10.99 (+0.3 m/s) 7.46 m (−1.0 m/s) 14.14 m 2.03 m 48.73 14.17 (+1.5 m/s) 44.84 m 4.60 m 68.43 m 4:22.22
3000 m walk (track) 10:47.08 Lebogang Shange 21 July 2018 Diamond League London, United Kingdom [53]
5000 m walk (track) 18:55.60 Lebogang Shange 30 June 2017 Honvéd Kupa Budapest, Hungary [54]
10,000 m walk (track) 40:32.78 Chris Britz 10 April 1995 Krugersdorp, South Africa
10 km walk (road) 43:09 Tebatso Mashimbyi 24 February 2018 Central Gauteng Championships Germiston, South Africa [55]
20,000 m walk (track) 1:23:20.86 Lebogang Shange 21 June 2015 British Championships Bedford, United Kingdom [56]
20 km walk (road) 1:19:18 Lebogang Shange 13 August 2017 World Championships London, United Kingdom [57]
30 km walk (road) 2:14:28 Chris Britz 25 August 1994 Victoria, Australia
35 km walk (road) 2:31:15 Wayne Snyman 24 July 2022 World Championships Eugene, United States [58][59]
50 km walk (road) 3:53:09 Marc Mundell 20 March 2021 Dudinská Päťdesiatka Dudince, Slovakia [60]
4 × 100 m relay 37.49  South Africa
Mvuyo Moss
Cheswill Johnson
Bradley Nkoana
Akani Simbine		 3 May 2026 World Relays Gaborene, Botswana [61][62]
4 × 200 m relay 1:20.42  South Africa
Simon Magakwe
Chederick van Wyk
Sinesipho Dambile
Akani Simbine		 12 May 2019 IAAF World Relays Yokohama, Japan [63]
4 × 400 m relay 2:55.07  South Africa
Mthi Mthimkulu
Lythe Pillay
Leendert Koekemoer
Zakithi Nene		 3 May 2026 World Relays Gaborene, Botswana [64][65]
4 × 800 m relay 7:04.70  South Africa
Gideon van Oudtshoorn
Hezekiel Sepeng
Jurgens Kotze
Johan Botha		 6 June 1999 Stuttgart, Germany
4 × 1500 m relay 14:50.82  South Africa
Matthews Temane
Deon Brummer
Henning Gericke
Johan Fourie		 15 October 1984 Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Close

Women

More information Event, Record ...
Event Record Athlete Date Meet Place Ref.
100 m 10.98 (+1.5 m/s) Carina Horn 4 May 2018 Diamond League Doha, Qatar [66]
150 m 17.67 A (−0.5 m/s) Kayla la Grange 8 February 2025 Curro Podium Grand Finale & Simbine Classic Shootout Pretoria, South Africa [67]
200 m 22.06 A (+0.7 m/s) Evette de Klerk 8 April 1989 Pietersburg, South Africa
300 m 36.36 A Shirley Nekhubui 8 February 2025 Curro Podium Grand Finale & Simbine Classic Shootout Pretoria, South Africa [68]
400 m 49.62 Caster Semenya 8 September 2018 Continental Cup Ostrava, Czech Republic [69]
600 m 1:21.77 Caster Semenya 27 August 2017 ISTAF Berlin Berlin, Germany [70]
800 m 1:54.25 Caster Semenya 30 June 2018 Meeting de Paris Paris, France [71]
1000 m 2:30.70 Caster Semenya 2 September 2018 ISTAF Berlin Berlin, Germany [72]
1500 m 3:59.92 Caster Semenya 4 May 2018 Diamond League Doha, Qatar [73]
Mile 4:23.38 Zola Budd 4 March 1991 Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Mile (road) 4:39.01 Wo Carina Viljoen 1 October 2023 World Road Running Championships Riga, Latvia [74]
2000 m 5:38.07 Zola Budd 8 April 1991 Cape Town, South Africa
3000 m 8:32.00 Elana Meyer 29 April 1991 Durban, South Africa
5000 m 14:44.05 Elana Meyer 22 July 1995 Hechtel-Eksel, Belgium
5 km (road) 15:10 Elana Meyer 16 October 1994 Harvard Health Downtown Providence, United States [75]
10,000 m 30:52.51 Elana Meyer 10 September 1994 London, United Kingdom
10 km (road) 31:12 Glenrose Xaba 6 July 2024 Absa Run Your City Durban, South Africa [76]
15 km (road) 46:57 Elana Meyer 2 November 1991 Cape Town, South Africa
10 miles (road) 51:16 Colleen De Reuck 5 April 1998 Cherry Blossom Ten Mile Run Washington, D.C., United States [77]
20 km (road) 1:04:04+ Dominique Scott-Efurd 15 January 2022 Houston Half Marathon Houston, United States [78]
Half marathon 1:06:44 Elana Meyer 15 January 1999 Tokyo, Japan
25 km (road) 1:27:26 Colleen De Reuck 30 Jan 1994 Pinetown, South Africa
30 km (road) 1:43:46+ Gerda Steyn 11 April 2021 Xiamen Marathon & Tuscany Camp Global Elite Race Siena, Italy [79]
Marathon 2:25:28 Gerda Steyn 11 April 2021 Xiamen Marathon & Tuscany Camp Global Elite Race Siena, Italy [80]
2:22:22 Glenrose Xaba 20 October 2024 Sanlam Cape Town Marathon Cape Town, South Africa [81]
2:25:15 a Elana Meyer 18 April 1994 Boston Marathon Boston, United States
50 km (road) 3:04:24 Wo [c] Irvette Van Zyl 23 May 2021 Nedbank Runified Race Port Elizabeth, South Africa [82][83]
100 km (road) 7:42:05 Lindsay van Aswegen 10 September 2011 25th IAU World Championships Winschoten, Netherlands [84]
7:31:47 Helene Joubert 16 September 1995 Winschoten, Netherlands
100 m hurdles 12.81 (−0.6 m/s) Rikenette Steenkamp 1 July 2018 Resisprint international La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland [85]
12.55 (+1.0 m/s) Marione Fourie 2 July 2023 Resisprint International La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland [86]
12.49 (+1.6 m/s) Marione Fourie 7 July 2024 FBK Games Hengelo, Netherlands [87]
200 m hurdles (straight) 26.16 (+0.3 m/s) Zeney van der Walt 16 June 2019 Adidas Boost Boston Games Boston, United States [88]
300 m hurldes 43.18 A Lenka du Toit 8 February 2025 Curro Podium Grand Finale & Simbine Classic Shootout Pretoria, South Africa [89]
400 m hurdles 53.74 Myrtle Bothma 18 April 1986 Johannesburg, South Africa
2000 m steeplechase 6:34.72 Nolene Conrad 16 May 2016 52nd Internationales Pfingstsportfest Rehlingen, Germany [90]
3000 m steeplechase 9:54.19 Tebogo Masehla 4 June 2011 Memorial Léon Buyle Oordegem, Belgium [91][92]
High jump 2.06 m Hestrie Cloete 31 August 2003 World Championships Saint-Denis, France [93]
Pole vault 4.42 m Elmarie Gerryts 12 June 2000 Wesel, Germany
Long jump 6.93 m (+1.6 m/s) Karin Melis Mey 7 July 2007 14th Weitsprung-Meeting der Weltklasse Bad Langensalza, Germany
6.93 m (+0.6 m/s) Karin Melis Mey 7 June 2008 15th Weitsprung-Meeting der Weltklasse Bad Langensalza, Germany
Triple jump 14.03 m A (−1.3 m/s) Zinzi Chabangu 7 March 2020 Pretoria, South Africa [citation needed]
Shot put 17.88 m Drienkie van Wyk 25 January 2002 Germiston, South Africa
Discus throw 64.87 m Elizna Naude 2 March 2007 Stellenbosch, South Africa
Hammer throw 68.66 m Phethisang Makhete 16 May 2025 Big Ten Championships Eugene, United States [94][95]
Javelin throw 69.35 m Sunette Viljoen 9 June 2012 Adidas Grand Prix New York City, United States [96]
Heptathlon 6181 pts Janice Josephs 22–23 March 2006 Commonwealth Games Melbourne, Australia
100m H High jump Shot put 200m Long jump Javelin 800m
13.65 (+2.0 m/s) 1.70 m 11.79 m 23.42 (+0.9 m/s) 6.22 m (−1.4 m/s) 43.77 m 2:10.61
3000 m walk (track) 12:53.19 Nicolene Cronje 20 February 2004 Pretoria, South Africa
5000 m walk (track) 22:19.64 Nicolene Cronje 5 March 2004 Durban, South Africa
5 km walk (road) 22:20 Nicolene Cronje 5 March 2004 ABSA Series Durban, South Africa [97]
10,000 m walk (track) 47:32.54 A Nicolene Cronje 19 March 2005 Pretoria, South Africa
10 km walk (road) 45:05 Susan Vermeulen 17 April 1999 Bloemfontein, South Africa
15 km walk (road) 1:10:31+ Anél Oosthuizen 9 April 2016 Poděbrady Walking Race Poděbrady, Czech Republic [98]
20,000 m walk (track) 1:36:18.3 h Nicolene Cronje 16 April 2004 Durban, South Africa
20 km walk (road) 1:34:49 Anél Oosthuizen 8 April 2017 Poděbrady Walking Race Poděbrady, Czech Republic [99]
1:34:49 Anél Oosthuizen 9 April 2016 Poděbrady Walking Race Poděbrady, Czech Republic [100]
35 km walk (road) 3:20:25+ Natalie le Roux 5 May 2018 IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships Taicang, China
50 km walk (road) 4:48:00 Natalie le Roux 5 May 2018 IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships Taicang, China [101]
4 × 100 m relay 43.25  South Africa
Wendy Hartman
Dikeledi Moropane
Susanna Holtshausen
Heide Seyerling		 18 March 2000 Pietersburg, South Africa
4 × 200 m relay 1:32.72  South Africa
Ina van Rensburg
Mari-Lise Furstenberg
Evette de Klerk
Maryke Doubell		 9 March 1987 Bloemfontein, South Africa
4 × 400 m relay 3:28.49  South Africa
Caster Semenya
Jeanelle Griessel
Wenda Nel
Justine Palframan		 26 June 2016 African Championships Durban, South Africa [102]

[103]

3:28.01  South Africa
Shirley Nekhubui
Hannah van Niekerk
Precious Molepo
Zenéy Geldenhuys		 11 May 2025 World Relays Guangzhou, China [104]
3:24.84  South Africa
Shirley Nekhubui
Miranda Coetzee
Precious Molepo
Zenéy Geldenhuys		 11 May 2025 World Relays Guangzhou, China [105]
4 × 800 m relay 8:19.47  South Africa
Helga van Wermeskerken
Ermyntrude Vermeulen
Yvonne Goosen
Elize Fouche		 13 February 1985 Johannesburg, South Africa
Close

Mixed

More information Event, Record ...
Event Record Athlete Date Meet Place Ref.
4 × 400 m relay 3:19.18  South Africa
Ukona Khuzwayo
Dalene Mpiti
Taylon Bieldt
Ranti Dikgale		 1 May 2021 World Relays Chorzów, Poland [106]
3:18.54  South Africa
Amele Nzwanzw
Joseph Rogail
Tumisang Shezi
Nekhubui Shirley		 19 March 2024 African Games Accra, Ghana [107]
3:13.12  South Africa
Gardeo Isaacs
Shirley Nekhubui
Mthi Mthimkulu
Miranda Coetzee		 22 June 2024 African Championships Douala, Cameroon [108]
3:11.16  South Africa
Gardeo Isaacs
Miranda Coetzee
Leendert Koekemoer
Zenéy van der Walt		 13 September 2025 World Championships Tokyo, Japan [109]
Close

Indoor

Men

More information Event, Record ...
Event Record Athlete Date Meet Place Ref.
50 m 5.62+ Morné Nagel 24 February 2002 Meeting Pas de Calais Liévin, France
60 m 6.48 Morné Nagel 27 January 2002 Dortmund, Germany
100 m 10.42 Morné Nagel 12 February 2005 Tampere, Finland
200 m 20.45 Ncincilili Titi 20 January 2018 Clemson Invitational Clemson, United States [110]
400 m 45.67 Derrick Mokaleng 9 February 2019 Texas Tech Shootout Lubbock, United States [111]
600 m 1:17.25 OT Mbulaeni Mulaudzi 12 February 2005 Tampere, Finland
800 m 1:44.91 Mbulaeni Mulaudzi 9 March 2008 World Championships Valencia, Spain [112]
1000 m 2:16.71 Johan Botha 3 February 1999 Erfurt, Germany
1500 m 3:36.96 Juan Van Deventer 14 February 2010 Indoor Flanders Meeting Ghent, Belgium [113]
Mile 3:54.10 Tshepo Tshite 13 February 2025 Meeting Hauts-de-France Pas-de-Calais Liévin, France [114][115]
3000 m 7:36.90 Tshepo Tshite 19 February 2026 Meeting Hauts-de-France Pas-de-Calais Liévin, France [116][117]
5000 m 12:55.02 Adriaan Wildschutt 2 March 2025 BU Last Chance Boston, United States [118][119]
50 m hurdles 6.48+ Shaun Bownes 25 February 2001 Meeting Pas de Calais Liévin, France
55 m hurdles 7.13 Lehann Fourie 11 February 2012 Millrose Games New York City, United States [120]
60 m hurdles 7.52 Shaun Bownes 23 February 2001 Indoor Flanders Meeting Ghent, Belgium
7.50 Franco Le Roux 21 March 2026 World Championships Toruń, Poland [121]
300 m hurdles 34.92 OT Llewellyn Herbert 9 February 1999 Pirkkahalli Tampere, Finland [122][123]
400 m hurdles 49.90 OT Llewellyn Herbert 9 February 2005 Botnia Games Korsholm, Finland [124]
High jump 2.28 m Jacques Freitag 26 January 2005 Pedro's Cup Bydgoszcz, Poland
20 February 2005 Tallinn, Estonia
Ramsay Carelse 28 February 2006 Tallinn, Estonia
Pole vault 5.90 m Okkert Brits 16 February 1997 Meeting Pas de Calais Liévin, France
5.90[d] 1 June 1997 Toronto, Canada
Long jump 8.44 m Luvo Manyonga 2 March 2018 World Championships Birmingham, United Kingdom [125]
Triple jump 16.22 m Godfrey Khotso Mokoena 20 February 2007 GE Galan Stockholm, Sweden
Shot put 21.47 m Janus Robberts 1 December 2001 Norman, United States
Weight throw 19.21 m Justin Donkin 15 February 2020 Midwest Elite Invitational Whitewater, United States [126]
Heptathlon 4920 pts Niel Giliomee 22–23 February 2016 Sun Belt Championships Birmingham, United States [127]
60m Long jump Shot put High jump 60m H Pole vault 1000m
7.25 6.61 m 10.74 m 1.70 m 8.89 4.95 m 3:00.19
5000 m walk
4 × 400 m relay 3:08.45  South Africa
Thapelo Phora
Ofentse Mogawane
Jon Seeliger
Shaun de Jager		 19 March 2016 World Championships Portland, United States [128]
Close

Women

More information Event, Record ...
Event Record Athlete Date Meet Place Ref.
60 m 7.09 Carina Horn 11 February 2018 Meeting Elite Metz, France [129]
200 m 23.16 Wendy Hartman 5 March 1999 World Championships Maebashi, Japan
400 m 55.48 Marna Schutte 25 February 2001 Allston, United States
54.86 Gontse Morake 28 January 2023 Fayetteville, United States [citation needed]
800 m 2:06.05 Dominique Scott 29 January 2016 Razorback Invitational Fayetteville, United States [130]
2:05.72 OT Angela Wagner 13 February 2010 Seattle, United States
1:58.40 Prudence Sekgodiso 23 March 2025 World Championships Nanjing, China [131]
1000 m 2:42.60 Dominique Scott 19 January 2015 Arkansas Invitational Fayetteville, United States [132]
1500 m 4:07.25 Dominique Scott-Efurd 10 February 2018 New Balance Indoor Grand Prix Roxbury, United States [133]
Mile 4:36.11 Dominique Scott 1 February 2014 Razorback Invitational Fayetteville, United States [134]
4:32.48 OT 24 January 2015 Rod McCravy Invitational Lexington, United States [135]
3000 m 8:41.18 Dominique Scott-Efurd 3 February 2018 Millrose Games New York City, United States [136]
5000 m 15:45.40 René Kalmer 10 February 2010 GE Galan Stockholm, Sweden [137]
60 m hurdles 9.44 Winnie de Winnaar 13 March 2004 Sindelfingen, Germany
Simone Reinders 31 January 2015 London, United Kingdom
High jump 1.97 m Hestrie Cloete 18 February 2001 Aviva Indoor Grand Prix Birmingham, United Kingdom
Pole vault 4.41 m Elmarie Gerryts 20 February 2000 Aviva Indoor Grand Prix Birmingham, United Kingdom
Long jump 6.85 m Karin Melis Mey 21 February 2008 GE Galan Stockholm, Sweden
Triple jump 11.50 m Cindy Peters 1 February 2015 Championats Regionaux Nantes, France [138]
Shot put 17.49 m Simoné du Toit 29 January 2011 Houston, United States
Weight throw 24.40 m Phethisang Makhethe 13 March 2026 NCAA Division I Championships Fayetteville, United States [139]
Pentathlon 3417 pts OT Liezel Theron 21 January 2022 Nashville, United States
60m H High jump Shot put Long jump 800m
9.41 1.60 m 9.32 m 5.19 m 2:24.93
3217 pts Nienka Du Toit 21 February 2019 Mountain West Championships Albuquerque, United States [140]
60m H High jump Shot put Long jump 800m
9.56 1.58 m 12.43 m 5.08 m 2:52.50
3000 m walk 15:57.06 Ada Booyens 6 March 2010 World Masters Championships Kamloops, Canada
4 × 400 m relay
Close

Notes

  1. [a]
    Outdoor best; indoor mark ratified as absolute record.
  2. [b]
    Non-ratifiable as the athlete ran behind a car, wore unratified prototype shoes, and was paced by rotating pacemakers
  3. [c]
    by IAU source; 3:04:23 by other sources
  4. [d]
    exhibition

References

External links

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