Lithuanian declension

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In Lithuanian, adjectives have three declensions determined by the singular and plural nominative case inflections. Adjectives agree with nouns in number, gender, and case. Unlike nouns, which have two genders – masculine and feminine – adjectives have three (except -is, -ė adjectives), but the neuter adjectives (the third example in the table) have only one uninflected form.

Declension	Singular nominative		Plural nominative		Examples
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
I	-(i)as	-(i)a	-i	-(i)os	šáltas, šaltà, šálta – cold šlápias, šlapià, šlápia – wet, soppy
II	-us	-i	-ūs	-ios	gražùs, gražì, gražù – pretty, beautiful malonùs, malonì, malonù – pleasant
III	-is	-ė	-iai	-ės	varìnis, varìnė – copper laukìnis, laukìnė – wild;
			-i		dìdelis, dìdelė – big dešinỹs, dešinė̃ – right kairỹs, kairė̃ – left.

Table of adjective declension endings

Case	Masculine					Feminine
	I		II	III		I		II	III
	-ǎ-		-u-	-i-		-ā-		-i-	-ē-
Singular
Nominative	-as	-ias	-us	-is		-a	-ia	-i	-ė
Genitive	-o	-io	-aus	-io		-os	-ios		-ės
Dative	-am	-iam				-ai	-iai		-ei
Accusative	-ą	-ią	-ų	-į		-ą	-ią		-ę
Instrumental	-u	-iu				-a	-ia		-e
Locative	-ame	-iame				-oje	-ioje		-ėje
Plural
Nominative	-i		-ūs	-iai	-i	-os	-ios		-ės
Genitive	-ų	-ių				-ų	-ių
Dative	-iems			-iams	-iems	-oms	-ioms		-ėms
Accusative	-us	-ius				-as	-ias		-es
Instrumental	-ais	-iais				-omis	-iomis		-ėmis
Locative	-uose	-iuose				-ose	-iose		-ėse

Masculine adjectives of the III paradigm are of two types, they differ in plural nominative and dative: varinis – copper, brazen, laukinis – wild have pl. nom. variniai, laukiniai and pl. dat. variniams, laukiniams; an example of the second type: didelis (big), dideli in pl. nom. and dideliems in pl. dat.

Pronominal forms

Case	Masculine				Feminine
	I		II	III	I	II	III
	-ǎ-		-u-	-i-	-ā-	-i-	-ē-
Singular
Nominative	-as-is	-ias-is	-us-is	-ys-is	-o-ji	-io-ji
Genitive	-o-jo	-io-jo			-os-ios	-ios-ios
Dative	-a-jam	-ia-jam			-a-jai	-ia-jai
Accusative	-ą-jį	-ią-jį	-ų-jį	-į-jį	-ą-ją	-ią-ją
Instrumental	-uo-ju	-iuo-ju
Locative	-a-jame	-ia-jame			-o-joje	-io-joje
Plural
Nominative	-ie-ji				-os-ios	-ios-sios
Genitive	-ų-jų	-ių-jų			-ų-jų	-ių-jų
Dative	-ies-iems				-os-ioms	-ios-ioms
Accusative	-uos-ius	-iuos-ius			-as-ias	-ias-ias
Instrumental	-ais-iais	-iais-iais			-os-iomis	-ios-iomis
Locative	-uos-iuose	-iuos-iuose			-os-iose	-ios-iose

The pronominal, or definite, form of an adjective is formed by merging adjectives with third person personal pronouns: mažas 'small' + jis (is) 'he' = mažasis, maža + ji 'she' = mažoji. An example: mažasis princas 'the little prince' (the name of the novella is Mažasis princas – The Little Prince). And a normal form: mažas princas 'a little prince'.

Several forms have not only a pronoun added, but have different respective to non-pronominal adjectives ending syllable – longer sound retained: feminine singular nominative -o-ji, masculine singular instrumental and plural accusative, respectively -uo-ju, -uos-ius (the respective forms of a pronoun jis are juo, juos) and one with ogonek, feminine singular instrumental: -ą-ja, -ią-ja; or has a sound -m- not doubled: masculine singular dative and locative, masculine plural dative, feminine plural dative and instrumental, for example -a-jam, -a-jame, -ies-iems, not the non-existing -am-jam, -ame-jame, -iems-iems.

Case	geras (good)				gražus (beautiful)				vidutinis (middle)
	masculine		feminine		masculine		feminine		masculine		feminine
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
Nominative	geras	geri	gera	geros	gražus	gražūs	graži	gražios	vidutinis	vidutiniai	vidutinė	vidutinės
Genitive	gero	gerų	geros	gerų	gražaus	gražių	gražios	gražių	vidutinio	vidutinių	vidutinės	vidutinių
Dative	geram	geriems	gerai	geroms	gražiam	gražiems	gražiai	gražioms	vidutiniam	vidutiniams	vidutinei	vidutinėms
Accusative	gerą	gerus	gerą	geras	gražų	gražius	gražią	gražias	vidutinį	vidutinius	vidutinę	vidutines
Instrumental	geru	gerais	gera	geromis	gražiu	gražiais	gražia	gražiomis	vidutiniu	vidutiniais	vidutine	vidutinėmis
Locative	gerame	geruose	geroje	gerose	gražiame	gražiuose	gražioje	gražiose	vidutiniame	vidutiniuose	vidutinėje	vidutinėse

The personal pronouns aš (I), tu (you) jis (he, it), ji (she, it) and the reflexive pronoun savęs are declined as follows:

			Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Instrumental	Locative
Singular	1st person		aš	mane	manęs	man	manimi	manyje
	2nd person		tu	tave	tavęs	tau	tavimi	tavyje
	3rd person	Masculine	jis	jį	jo	jam	juo	jame
		Feminine	ji	ją	jos	jai	ja	joje
Reflexive			–	save	savęs	sau	savimi	savyje
Dual	1st person	Masculine	mudu		mudviejų	mudviem		mudviese
		Feminine	mudvi
	2nd person	Masculine	judu		judviejų	judviem		judviese
		Feminine	judvi
	3rd person	Masculine	juodu or jiedu	juodu		jiedviem		juodviese
		Feminine	jiedvi			jodviem		jiedviese
Plural	1st person		mes	mus	mūsų	mums	mumis	mumyse
	2nd person		jūs	jus	jūsų	jums	jumis	jumyse
	3rd person	Masculine	jie	juos	jų	jiems	jais	juose
		Feminine	jos	jas		joms	jomis	jose

Note that the table contains only the objective genitive of pronouns aš, tu, savęs. The possessive genitives of these words are mano, tavo and savo respectively. Compare jis manęs laukia – 'he waits for me' and mano draugas – 'my friend' ('friend' is masculine), but in jis mūsų laukia – 'he waits for us' and mūsų draugas – 'our friend', the two genitives coincide as in almost any word.

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Duktė – daughter, and sesuo – sister, are the only two feminine words of the fifth declension, they have the suffix -er- in the other cases. One word, moteris – woman, female, is both of the fifth and the third declensions, because it has variant genitive singular, both variants of which (-s and -ies) are equally apt, and it has a gen. pl. -ų. Two more words, dieveris m (older) – brother-in-law, and obelis f – apple tree, are the same case as moteris. The word dieveris, -ies (-ers) m, having a more close meaning to a proper one, possibly has the fifth-type-like masculine singular instrumental (dieveriu), which is taken from the first declension, while the words of the third declension have -imi (dantimi, vagimi), without a gender distinction. But -imi is normal as well for the masculine nouns of the fifth declension, for example – akmenimi/akmeniu.

A word šuo – dog, differs from the other -uo words in that, that its stem is mixed with the suffix -uo and it consequently does not have the suffix -en- in the other cases (š-uo, akm-uo; šu-n-į, akm-en-į), its singular instrumental normal ending is of the third type (šunimi; that can be understood as a part of a meaning: more like an indefinite gender) and its accentuation paradigm is fourth, the sole case for the -uo words.

Mėnuo – month, moon, is of the first declension -is type, the only fifth type form is one of the two equal variants of singular nominative: mėnuo (other is mėnesis); genitive is mėnesio etc.

The word žmogus – man (human), historically had the nominative singular žmuo (compare Latin homō). Today žmogus is declined in the fourth paradigm in singular (žmogus, žmogaus etc.) and in the third -ė paradigm in plural (žmonės, žmonių etc.).

The words pats m, pati f – one/my/him/her/itself (also noun meanings: husband and wife) have also peculiarities. The ending -i (f., sg. nom.) is present only in two words: pati and marti – daughter-in-law. Pats (< patis) is of the third adjectival declensional type, but the singular nominative is different (-s < -is), plural nominative is -ys and the singular genitive -ies, like in nouns of the third declension. Its sg. gen. is also often said pačio.

The words of the third declension (-is, -ies) have either -ių or -ų in the genitive plural. The dative singular, similarly to the fifth declensional type, differs depending on the gender (-iai f, -iui m), the instrumental singular, differently from the fifth type, is the same for both genders. One noun of the third type, petys, peties, has the sg. nom. ending with a long i: -ys. Some of the words having the suffix -uonis (there are few of such words) have parallel forms in the other declensions: palikuonis, -ies (common gender) and palikuonis, -io m, palikuonė, -ės f. Such change can happen after the change of an accent place: if the word is accented on the ending -is, then the change of declension (-is, -ies > -is, -io) does not occur in speech, and if the accent moves from the ending to the stem in singular nominative, then the change of declension sometimes occurs. For most of -uonis words, declining in the first declension is considered to be a mistake.

There are few words which are sometimes declined mistakenly in other declensions. But some of the shifts are not rare: a word pats besides sg. gen. paties is often said pačio and these two forms of sg. gen. are equal. Some words have parallel forms from other declensions with a little change in meaning: dukra, dukros; sesė, sesės; palikuonis, -io, palikuonė, -ės. The forms sesė and dukra are more informal than duktė, -ers and sesuo, -ers. For the word moteris the form motera existed in dialects, but it is, differently from dukra and sesė, only a formal shift of declension without a meaning variation and such word would be perceived as a vernacular or obsolete form.

The forms from the first and third declensions sometimes occur in speech for the masculine words of the fifth declension. Similarly with masculine words of the third declension – they are sometimes declined in the first declension (because nominative singular is the same). Such a shift is a mistake of declension. For example, the word akmuo, akmens can have the forms (third d.) (sg. nom., sg. gen.) akmenis, akmenies – more like older dialectal not widely used and little likely to be heard in a speech – and (first d.) akmenis, akmenio; akmenys, akmenio; akmenas, akmeno – sometimes said by speakers who don't know the fifth declension well, such as children. But these variants are possibly also present as dialectal forms. The other examples which are sometimes used by some are: rudenio (rudens), šunio (šuns, šunies) etc. Examples of migrants from the third declension (-is, -ies) are, for example, dantis, dančio instead of dantis, danties. Such use like akmenas, akmeno; dančio; šunio; rudenio; is a clear mistake and is not accepted. A case of petys, pečio instead of petys, peties is also a mistake, but petys is the only one -ys (instead of -is) form declined in the third declension and consequentely tends to be declined like all other -ys words (of the first declension).

For the word mėnuo/mėnesis the proper form is sg. gen. mėnesio etc. (sg. gen. mėnesies is known in dialects). The genitive of the word pats is paties, but it is also frequently said pačio. Some of the cases of the word pats are of the third adjectival declension, some – sg. nom. -s (< -is), sg. gen. -ies (also -io, like in respective adjectives) and pl. nom. -ys – of the third noun declension.

Some of the nouns occur in another declensional type only in one case. All these cases are more like dialectal and older. For example, seseris can be said seseria in dialects, but the genitive remains sesers; (older) motė, moters, but also a migrant form: (older) motė, motės. The dialectal and older form sesuva (a type of sesuo), for example, can remain in the original paradigm with sg. gen. sesers or shift to the -a declension: sesuva, sesuvos.

In the tables below the words from the fifth and the third declensions are compared with the words from the other declensions. Table cells with the correct forms written are coloured (not white). In the right outside column the variant forms within the fifth and third declensions are given. They are older, dialectal and not used or used only in small areas. For example, among the variant forms of singular nominative sesuo within the fifth declension are archaic sesuoj, sesuon, sesuva. The first column is for the words of the fifth (-uo, -ens/-ers) declension and the second for the third (-is, -ies). These declensions are very similar. The words are given in the same column, when the forms are same. The column to the right from these, are for the forms of the first (-as, -is, -ys, -ias) and second (-a (-ia), -ė) declensions; one word, žmogus, is of the fourth in singular.

The proper forms of the word mėnuo/mėnesis is not of the fifth-third declension and the same is with the word žmogus, which historically had the form žmuo. A word judesys – move, is included for comparison with mėnesis (they have the same suffix -es- and are declined in the same declension, except sg. nom. of mėnuo/mėnesis).

Dukra and sesė are variants of duktė, sesuo of a different declension and meaning – dukra and sesė are more like informal.

A word palikuonis has two forms of different declensions: one of the third (original) – palikuonis, and other shifted to the first declension – palikuonis, -io palikuonė, -ės. There are few of -uonis words and only several of them have forms other than the original declension, but in a speech some of them are also sometimes declined in the first declension, for example, geluonis, -ies c – sting, can be understood as geluonis, -io m.

For the -uo words (except mėnuo) and the -is words (like dantis) the shift to the other declensions would be a mistake. When the shift is from the fifth to the third declension it can be understood as minor variation, but the shift to the first declension would be a clear mistake (however, some of the cases are the same, and that is one of the reasons why the shift can occur). But in speech some of the speakers say, for example, rudenio instead of rudens (this can come on dialectal base), dantis, dančio instead of dantis, danties. Besides these cases, there are shifts, which occur commonly in a speech: pačio instead of paties, pečio instead of peties (the original variants are not used less). A word šuo can also be said šuva (one of dialectal variants).

The words rūgštìs f 3 (1) – acid, and rū̃gštis 2 – sourness; acidity, are two words of different declensions, their meanings are different, but related.

Nominative

III and V declensions		I, II, IV declensions	other forms of words of III and V
	obelìs f 3a
	móteris 1	móterà 1, 3a
duktė̃ 3b	dukterìs 3b	dukrà 4 (2)
sesuõ 3b	seserìs 3b (1)	seserià 3b, sẽsė 2 (4)	sesuõj, sesuõn, sesuvà
	dieverìs 3a, 1	díeveris, dieverỹs 3a
mė́nuo 1 (3a)	mė́nesis 1	mė́nesis 1, mėnesỹs 3a	mė́nuoj
		judesỹs 3b
žmuo		žmogùs 4	žmuõj
vanduõ 3a	vandenìs	vandenỹs, vándenis	vanduõj, vanduõn, vanduvà, vandvà
akmuõ 3b	akmenìs	akmenỹs, ãkmenis, ãkmenas	akmuõj, ãkmuo, akmuvà
šuõ 4	šunìs	šùnis	šuõj, šuõn, šuvà
	dantìs m 4	dañtis
	pàts m 4		patis
		patì f 4, pačià
	palikuonìs 34b	palikuõnis m, ė f 2
	rūgštìs f 3 (1)	rū̃gštis 2; rū́gštė 1 (3)

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The a-paradigm is used to decline:

• nouns of the first declension
• adjectives of the first declension (masculine forms)
• adjectives of the third declension (masculine forms, palatalized sub-paradigm)
• all pronouns (masculine forms), except the pronoun pats – 'own, self'
• all passive (the main sub-paradigm) or active (the palatalized sub-paradigm) participles (masculine, - active participles have their specific nominatives)
• all ordinal numbers (masculine forms, adjective inflections)
• significant part of cardinal numbers (masculine, see the list below)

The a-paradigm is the most complex declension paradigm in Lithuanian. It has two different sub-paradigms, one of which is the main paradigm. The second sub-paradigm is called "palatalized", which means that the last consonant of the stem before the inflection is always palatalized. Note that in this case the palatalization mark (the letter "i") is marked as a part of the inflection. The a-paradigm is masculine.

Also note that inflection in the a-paradigm is different for nouns, adjectives, and pronouns in some cases. However, not every pronoun's declension uses the inflections from the "pronoun" column in the table below. Some pronouns, as well as every numeral of the a-paradigm, use the inflections from the "adjective" column.

• Tas - 'that', rudas - 'brown', namas - 'house'.

	singular			plural
	pronoun	adjective	noun	pronoun	adjective	noun
Nominative	tas	rudas	namas	tie	rudi	namai
Genitive	to	rudo	namo	tų	rudų	namų
Dative	tam	rudam	namui	tiems	rudiems	namams
Accusative	tą	rudą	namą	tuos	rudus	namus
Instrumental	tuo	rudu	namu	tais	rudais	namais
Locative	tame	rudame	name	tuose	ruduose	namuose
Illative	tan	rudan	naman	tuosna	ruduosna	namuosna
Vocative			name			namai

Other features:

• the -e ending for the vocative singular applies only to common nouns; proper nouns take the ending -ai. So, for example Jonas = John [nominative] and Jonai! = John! [vocative])

• Šis - 'this', žalias - 'green', uosis - 'ash' (a tree).

	singular			plural
	pronoun	adjective	noun	pronoun	adjective	noun
Nominative	šis	žalias	uosis	šie	žali	uosiai
Genitive	šio	žalio	uosio	šių	žalių	uosių
Dative	šiam	žaliam	uosiui	šiems	žaliems	uosiams
Accusative	šį	žalią	uosį	šiuos	žalius	uosius
Instrumental	šiuo	žaliu	uosiu	šiais	žaliais	uosiais
Locative	šiame	žaliame	uosyje	šiuose	žaliuose	uosiuose
Illative	šian	žalian	uosin	šiuosna	žaliuosna	uosiuosna
Vocative			uosi			uosiai

Other features:

• The inflection of noun for singular nominative can be -is, -ys or -ias, depending on word. Pronouns however always have the inflection -is, but adjectives never have -ys in this case.
• The inflection in singular accusative depends on the inflection in singular nominative. If the singular nominative ends with -ias, a word has -ią in singular accusative, otherwise it has the inflection -į.
• Significant part of adjectives, that end with -is in the singular nominative (adjectives of the third declension), have noun inflections in plural.
• The inflection in singular vocative follows the inflection of the singular nominative too:

nominative	vocative
-is	-i
-ys	-y
-ias	-e or -iau

• Part of pronouns (kas - 'who, what', kažkas - 'somebody, something', tas - 'that', šitas - 'this' etc.) use the main sub-paradigm, but others (jis - 'he', šis - 'this', kuris- 'which' etc.) the palatalized.
• Pronouns koks - 'what' (quality), kažkoks - 'somewhat', toks - 'such', šitoks - 'such'(demonstrative), kitoks - 'different, other' have the inflection -s instead of the regular -is in the singular nominative.
• Pronoun kitas - 'another, other' is declined using adjectival inflections.
• There are few pronouns, that don't use the a-paradigm:
  • Personal pronouns aš - 'I', tu - 'you, thou', mes - 'we', jūs - 'you' (plural), that formally are of the indefinite gender, each has its own specific paradigm.
  • Pronoun pats - 'own, self' uses the i-paradigm.
  • Note, that pronouns kas - 'who, what' or kažkas - 'somebody, something', that have the indefinite gender only, do use the a-paradigm.

• The a-paradigm (the main sub-paradigm) is used with all ordinal numbers in masculine and with all collective numbers.
• The a-paradigm (the palatalized sub-paradigm) is used with all numbers-for-plural-only in masculine.
• Cardinal numbers that use the adjectival a-paradigm (the palatalized sub-paradigm) in plural (as they're plural only) are:

keturi - 'four'

penki - 'five'

šeši - 'six'

septyni - 'seven'

aštuoni - 'eight'

devyni - 'nine'

• Cardinal numbers that use inflections of nouns of the a-paradigm both in singular and in plural are:

šimtas - 'a hundred'

tūkstantis - 'a thousand'

milijonas - 'a million'

milijardas - 'a billion'

...

and other internationally accepted words for big numbers.

• Some cardinal numbers have their own specific paradigms:
  • a number du - 'two' uses a paradigm of the dual number.
  • a number trys - 'three' uses a specific paradigm, similar to the i-paradigm.
  • a number dešimt - 'ten' is undeclinable (however it's a shortened word from dešimtis - 'ten', which is of the i-paradigm).

Here is a list of numerals that don't use the a-paradigm in the masculine. See the o-paradigm for feminine numbers.

du - 'two' (dual number, has a special paradigm)

trys - 'three' (the i-paradigm)

vienuolika - '11'

dvylika - '12'

trylika - '13'

keturiolika - '14'

penkiolika - '15'

šešiolika - '16'

septyniolika - '17'

aštuoniolika - '18'

devyniolika - '19' (numbers 'vienuolika' - 'devyniolika' are singular words of the o-paradigm)

dešimt - 'ten' (undeclinable, sometimes "dešimtis" as a word of the i-paradigm)

	singular		plural
	short	long	short	long
Present tense	-ąs	-antis	-ą	-antys
Present tense*(palatalized)	-iąs	-iantis	-ią	-iantys
Past tense	-ęs		-ę
Future tense	-siąs	-siantis	-sią	-siantys

Notes:

1. Short forms of the nominatives skip the active participle suffix -(i)ant-, e. g. * miegantis 'sleeping' (masculine singular, the long form) - miegąs (idem, the short form), * sakantys 'saying' (masculine plural, the long form) - saką (idem, the short form). * This is valid in the masculine nominative only.
2. The past tense doesn't have the long forms.

The u-paradigm is used to decline:

• nouns of the fourth declension
• adjectives of the second declension (their masculine forms)

The u-paradigm has two different sub-paradigms, the main and the palatalized. Note, that in this case the palatalization mark (the letter "i") is marked as a part of the inflection. The u-paradigm is masculine.

Inflections of the u-paradigm differ between nouns and adjectives in some cases.

• Drąsus - 'brave', sūnus - 'son'.

	singular		plural
	adjective	noun	adjective	noun
Nominative	drąsus	sūnus	drąsūs	sūnūs
Genitive	drąsaus	sūnaus	drąsių	sūnų
Dative	drąsiam	sūnui	drąsiems	sūnums
Accusative	drąsų	sūnų	drąsius	sūnus
Instrumental	drąsiu	sūnumi	drąsiais	sūnumis
Locative	drąsiame	sūnuje	drąsiuose	sūnuose
Illative	drąsian	sūnun	drąsiuosna	sūnuosna
Vocative		sūnau		sūnūs

• Narsus - 'brave, hardy', karalius - 'king'.

	singular		plural
	adjective	noun	adjective	noun
Nominative	narsus	karalius	narsūs	karaliai
Genitive	narsaus	karaliaus	narsių	karalių
Dative	narsiam	karaliui	narsiems	karaliams
Accusative	narsų	karalių	narsius	karalius
Instrumental	narsiu	karaliumi	narsiais	karaliais
Locative	narsiame	karaliuje	narsiuose	karaliuose
Illative	narsian	karaliun	narsiuosna	karaliuosna
Vocative		karaliau		karaliai

Note that:

• The sub-paradigm for adjectives is fully identical with the main sub-paradigm and is mixed-type, with some inflections palatalized and others not.
• The plural of nouns in this sub-paradigm is identical with the plural of nouns of the a-paradigm (the palatalized sub-paradigm).

The o-paradigm is used to decline:

• part of nouns of the second declension (whose singular nominative ends with -a or -i)
• adjectives of the first declension (their feminine forms)
• adjectives of the second declension (their feminine forms, the palatalized sub-paradigm)
• all pronouns (their feminine forms)
• all passive (the main sub-paradigm) or active (the palatalized sub-paradigm) participles (feminine)
• all ordinal numbers (feminine forms, the main sub-paradigm)
• cardinal numbers from vienuolika - 'eleven', dvylika - 'twelve' to devyniolika - 'nineteen' (in singular)
• (feminine) cardinal numbers, that are used in plural, except a number trys - 'three'.

• Ta - 'that', ruda - 'brown', meška - 'bear'.

	singular	plural
Nominative	ta ruda meška	tos rudos meškos
Genitive	tos rudos meškos	tų rudų meškų
Dative	tai rudai meškai	toms rudoms meškoms
Accusative	tą rudą mešką	tas rudas meškas
Instrumental	ta ruda meška	tomis rudomis meškomis
Locative	toje rudoje meškoje	tose rudose meškose
Illative	ton rudon meškon	tosna rudosna meškosna
Vocative	meška	meškos

• Ši - 'this', stipri - 'strong, potent', galia - 'power'.

	singular	plural
Nominative	ši stipri galia	šios stiprios galios
Genitive	šios stiprios galios	šių stiprių galių
Dative	šiai stipriai galiai	šioms stiprioms galioms
Accusative	šią stiprią galią	šias stiprias galias
Instrumental	šia stipria galia	šiomis stipriomis galiomis
Locative	šioje stiprioje galioje	šiose stipriose galiose
Illative	šion stiprion galion	šiosna stipriosna galiosna
Vocative	galia	galios

Other features:

• Words of the palatalized sub-paradigm may have -i or -ia in the singular nominative. This doesn't affect other inflections.
• Adjectives of the first declension have -ia, but adjectives of the second declension have -i in the singular nominative.

• Part of pronouns (ta - 'that', šita - 'this' etc.) use the main sub-paradigm, but others (ji - 'he', ši - 'this', kuri- 'which' etc.) the palatalized.
• There are few pronouns, that don't use the o-paradigm:
  • Personal pronouns aš - 'I', tu - 'you, thou', mes - 'we', jūs - 'you' (plural), that are of the indefinite gender, each has its own specific paradigm.
  • Pronouns kas - 'who, what' or kažkas - 'somebody, something', that have the indefinite gender only, use the a-paradigm.

• The i-paradigm (the main sub-paradigm) is used with all ordinal numbers in feminine.
• The a-paradigm (the palatalized sub-paradigm) is used with all numbers-for-plural-only in feminine.
• Cardinal numbers, that use the o-paradigm (the palatalized sub-paradigm) in feminine plural (as they're plural only) are:

keturios - 'four'

penkios - 'five'

šešios - 'six'

septynios - 'seven'

aštuonios - 'eight'

devynios - 'nine'

• Cardinal numbers, that use the o-paradigm (the palatalized sub-paradigm) in feminine singular are:

vienuolika - '11'

dvylika - '12'

trylika - '13'

keturiolika - '14'

penkiolika - '15'

šešiolika - '16'

septyniolika - '17'

aštuoniolika - '18'

devyniolika - '19'

• • Numbers vienuolika to devyniolika have the inflexion -a instead of -ą in the (singular) accusative.
• Some cardinal numbers have their specific paradigms:
  • a number dvi - 'two' (feminine) uses a paradigm of the dual number.
  • a number trys - 'three' uses a specific paradigm, similar to the i-paradigm.

The ė-paradigm is used to decline:

• part of nouns of the second declension (that end with -ė in the singular nominative)
• adjectives of the third declension (their feminine forms)

The words in the table:

• Didelė - 'big', upė - 'river'.

	singular	plural
Nominative	didelė upė	didelės upės
Genitive	didelės upės	didelių upių
Dative	didelei upei	didelėms upėms
Accusative	didelę upę	dideles upes
Instrumental	didele upe	didelėmis upėmis
Locative	didelėje upėje	didelėse upėse
Illative	didelėn upėn	didelėsna upėsna
Vocative	upe	upės

Note, that the inflection of the plural genitive is palatalized (-ių).

The i-paradigm is used to decline:

• nouns of the third declension, which are mostly feminine (masculine exceptions are: dantis - 'tooth', debesis - 'cloud', vagis - thief as well as a few nouns that end with -uonis in the singular nominative)
• nouns of the fifth declension, which are mostly masculine (duktė - 'daughter', sesuo - 'sister' are feminine exceptions)
• pronoun pats - 'own, self' (masculine form)
• number trys - 'three' (has the plural only)

All these words use the unsuffixed sub-paradigm, except the nouns of the first declension, which apply the suffixed sub-paradigm

The words in the table:

• pilis - 'castle', vagis - 'thief'.

	singular		plural
	feminine	masculine	feminine	masculine
Nominative	pilis	vagis	pilys	vagys
Genitive	pilies	vagies	pilių	vagių
Dative	piliai	vagiui	pilims	vagims
Accusative	pilį	vagį	pilis	vagis
Instrumental	pilimi	vagimi	pilimis	vagimis
Locative	pilyje	vagyje	pilyse	vagyse
Illative	pilin	vagin	pilysna	vagysna
Vocative	pilie	vagie	pilys	vagys

Other features:

• Many words have -ų instead of -ių in the plural genitive, for example, žąsis - žąsų 'goose', naktis-naktų 'night', debesis - debesų 'cloud'.

Irregularities:

• Words pats - 'own, self' and trys - 'three' are declined as following:

	singular	plural
	pronoun	number	pronoun
Nominative	pats	trys	patys
Genitive	paties	trijų	pačių
Dative	pačiam	trims	patiems
Accusative	patį	tris	pačius
Instrumental	pačiu	trimis	pačiais
Locative	pačiame	m. trijuose / f. trijose	pačiuose
Illative	pačian	m. trijuosna / f. trijosna	pačiuosna

Note, that the word pats is declined only in masculine in this table. Its feminine form pati is declined with the o-paradigm regularly.

The words in the table:

• akmuo - 'stone', sesuo - 'sister'.

	singular		plural
	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
Nominative	akmuo	sesuo	akmenys	seserys
Genitive	akmens	sesers	akmenų	seserų
Dative	akmeniui	seseriai	akmenims	seserims
Accusative	akmenį	seserį	akmenis	seseris
Instrumental	akmeniu	seserimi	akmenimis	seserimis
Locative	akmenyje	seseryje	akmenyse	seseryse
Illative	akmenin	seserin	akmenysna	seserysna
Vocative	akmenie	seserie	akmenys	seserys

Other features:

• Other cases than the singular nominative always have a suffix -en- for masculine words and -er- for feminine words. There are only two feminine words using the suffixed subparadigm, duktė - 'daughter' and sesuo - 'sister'.

Irregularities:

• A word duktė - 'daughter' has the inflexion -ė instead of -uo in singular nominative.
• A word šuo - 'dog' has a suffix -un- instead of -en-. The root of this word formally is a single š-, but historically it was šu-, that subsequently amalgamated with the suffix, and the further cases are šuns, šuniui, šunį and so on.

Other:

• A word sesuo - 'sister' has a synonym sesė, that's used in vocative ('sese!') more often than the first ('seserie!'). The synonym sesė is of the ė-paradigm.

The dual number has its specific inflections, that are similar with plural inflections with some specific differences:

• Nominative, accusative or vocative: masculine words end with -(i)u, feminine with -i
• Genitive and locatives are the same as in the plural.
• Dative has the inflection of the plural dative, but without the final -s, so -(i)ams, -iems, -(i)oms, -ėms, -ims in the plural give -(i)am, -iem, -(i)om, -ėm, -im in the dual respectively
• Instrumental has the same inflections as the dual dative, but they are pronounced in different intonation.

Other features:

• It depends on the paradigm, whether -(i) in the brackets is used or not. The masculine i-paradigm always has -iu as the nominative inflection.

Irregularities:

• A word du - 'two' has three modifications of the stem, d- (in nominative and accusative), dv- (in dative and instrumental) and dviej- (in genitive and locatives)
• Words mudu - 'we (both)', judu - 'you (both)', juodu - 'they (both)' (masculine), jiedvi - 'they (both)' (feminine), as well as šiuodu - 'these (both)', tuodu - 'that (both)', abudu - 'both' and their feminine counterparts have a specific paradigm, based on declension of a word du - 'two' (see an example in the paragraph about pronouns).

Inflections, that have two or more syllables, are often shortened in Lithuanian, eliding the final short vowel. Shortened inflections are especially used in the spoken language, while in the written language full inflections are preferred. The elision occur in:

• Singular locative. Inflections -ame, -yje, -oje, -ėje may be shortened to -am, -y(j), -oj, -ėj. Note, that a one-syllable inflection -e of the a-paradigm isn't a subject of the rule.
• Plural instrumental. Feminine inflections -omis, -ėmis, -imis may be shortened to -om, -ėm, -im. These inflections coincide with respective inflections of the dual number.
• Plural dative has one-syllable inflections, but sometimes they are shortened, skipping the final -s, to -am, -iem, -om, -ėm, -im. These inflections coincide with respective inflections of the dual number too.
• Plural locative. A masculine inflections -uose may be shortened to -uos. What however doesn't pertain to inflections -yse, -ose, -ėse, whose shortened variants would coincide with inflections of other cases.

Also there's just one occasion, when the whole one-syllable inflection may be skipped. This may be done with feminine active participles of the past tense (or of the past iterative tense) in the singular nominative. So a word dariusi - 'who was making, who has made' can be said as darius. Note, that this shortened form coincides with the sub-participle of the past tense.