Southeastern Katë dialect
Kamkata-vari dialect of Afghanistan and Pakistan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Southeastern Katë is a dialect of the Katë language spoken by the Kom and Kata in parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan. It includes the so-called Kamviri and Mumviri dialects, spoken in Mangul, Sasku and Gabalgrom in the Bashgal Valley.
| Southeastern Katë | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Afghanistan |
| Region | Nuristan, Kunar |
Native speakers | 20,000 (2011)[1] |
| Arabic script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bsh – inclusive codeIndividual code: xvi – Kamviri |
| Glottolog | kati1270 |
Innovations
According to Halfmann (2024), the primary innovations of the Southeastern dialect include secondary vowel length from monophthongization of vowel + v, a progressive suffix -n-, intervocalic consonant lenition (usually sibilants and velars), post-nasal voicing, and merger of Proto-Nuristani pre-tonic *a and *ā as a.
Phonology
The inventory as described by Richard Strand.[2] In addition, there is stress.
The neutral articulatory posture, as in the reduced vowel /a/, consists of the tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth and a raised tongue root is linked with a raised larynx, producing a characteristic pitch for unstressed vowels of about an octave above the pitch of a relaxed larynx.
Consonants
- Sounds [f, x, q, ɢ, ħ, ʕ, h, ʔ] are found in loanwords.
- Between vowels, /s, ʂ, ʃ/ voice to [z, ʐ, ʒ].
- /v/ can also be heard as bilabial [β] or a labial approximant [w].
- For most speakers, and especially in Kombřom, /ʈ/ becomes a retroflex flap [ɽ].
- /k/ becomes a velar tap [ɡ̆].
One suffix /ti/ voices to [di] for most speakers.
The sequences /ʈɭ/, /ɖɭ/ are phonetically affricates.
Nasals voice a following obstruent.
Laminal consonants change a following /a/ from [ɨ] to [i].
Vowels
⟨a⟩ is [ː] after another vowel, [i] after a laminal consonant and after /ik, ek, iɡ, eɡ/. For some speakers, it is [u] after /uk, yk, uɡ, yɡ/. Otherwise it is [ə] or [ɨ].
Vocabulary
Pronouns
| Person | Direct | Genitive | Oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | sg. | õ, õċ | yĩ | yī̃ |
| pl. | yimó | yimṓ | ||
| 2nd | sg. | tü | tu | tū |
| pl. | šo | šō | ||
Numbers
- e, ev, ē
- dü
- tre
- što
- puč
- ṣu
- sut
- vuṣṭ
- nu
- duċ
- yaníċ
- diċ
- triċ
- štreċ
- pačíċ
- ṣeċ
- satíċ
- aṣṭíċ
- neċ
- viċí
Further reading
- Halfmann, Jakob (2024). A Grammatical Description of the Katë Language (Nuristani) (PhD thesis). Universität zu Köln.
