Luchazi
Bantu language spoken in Angola and Zambia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Luchazi (Lucazi, Chiluchazi) is a Bantu language of Angola and Zambia. Luchazi is the principal language of the Ngangela Group.[3] Ngangela is a term coined by the Vimbundu traders and missionaries in 18th century to describe the tribes occupying the area of eastern-central Angola.[4]
languagein
| Luchazi | |
|---|---|
| Ngangela | |
| Chiluchazi | |
| Native to | Angola, Zambia |
Native speakers | 431,000 (2010-2014)[1] |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | Angola (as "Nganguela" or "Ganguela") |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | lch – inclusive codeIndividual codes: lch – Luchazinba – Nyemba (Ngangela)mfu – Mbwela |
| Glottolog | luch1239 Luchazinyem1238 Nyembambwe1238 Mbwela |
K.13, K.12b, K.17[2] | |
Phonology
Consonants
The following table displays all the consonants in Luchazi:[5][6]
- ^1 Occur rarely, may only exist in loanwords.
The position of the speech-organs in producing the consonants is different from the positions taken in producing the similar sounds in European languages. T and D, for example, are lower than in English but higher than in Portuguese. L is flatter-tongued than in either English or Portuguese. The language contains many consonantal glides, including the prenasalized plosives and the voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate (the ts sound).[7]
Vowels
The close front vowel (i), when occurring before another vowel, becomes a semi-consonant and is written y, unless it is immediately preceded by a consonant, when it remains i. Examples: yange, viange.
The vowels have the Continental or Italian values. They are shorter when unstressed and are prolonged when doubled or when stressed at the end of a word.
- The vowel a is Long when accented, as a in tata, nana.
Short when unstressed or before two consonants or y or s and in monosyllabic adverbs, as a in tata, paya, asa, hanga. Prolonged when doubled or stressed at the end of a word or syllable. Example: ku laako.
- The vowel e is Long when accented, as a in heta, seza.
Short when unstressed, as a in hete, seze. Short with the value of e in henga, lenda before two consonants. Exceptions are hembo and membo (due to coalescence of vowels). Many words derived from Portuguese have the short vowel though not followed by two consonants. Examples: pena, papelo, luneta, ngehena, etc. Prolonged when stressed at the end of a word.
- The vowel i is Long when accented, as e in tina, sika.
Short when unstressed or before two consonants, as e in citi, linga. In monosyllabics it is short, as i in it. Examples: ni, ndi. Prolonged when stressed. Examples: ti, fui.
- The vowel o is Long when accented, as o in sota, koka.
Short when unstressed, as o in soko, loto. Short, with value of o in onga, yoya, kosa, luozi, ndo, before two consonants or y or s, and sometimes before z and in some monosyllables. The o is long in zoza and ngozi. Sometimes prolonged when stressed at the end of a word. Example: to.
- The vowel u is Long when accented, as u in tuta, fula.
Short, when unstressed or before two consonants or before s, as u in futuka, mbunga, kusa.
Orthography
Luchazi is written using the Latin alphabet, with most characters representing the same sound as in English, with some exceptions. c is pronounced like ch in church, n followed by k or g is always nasal like ng in ring, the sound of v is bilabial instead of labiodental.[3]
Alphabet
B, D, G, J, R, and Sh only exist in loanwords.[9]