Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons
Thе history of discovering planets and moons
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the discoverer(s) listed.
Historically the naming of moons did not always match the times of their discovery. Traditionally, the discoverer enjoys the privilege of naming the new object; however, some neglected to do so (E. E. Barnard stated he would "defer any suggestions as to a name" [for Amalthea] "until a later paper"[1] but never got around to picking one from the numerous suggestions he received) or actively declined (S. B. Nicholson stated "Many have asked what the new satellites [Lysithea and Carme] are to be named. They will be known only by the numbers X and XI, written in Roman numerals, and usually prefixed by the letter J to identify them with Jupiter."[2]). The issue arose nearly as soon as planetary satellites were discovered: Galileo referred to the four main satellites of Jupiter using numbers while the names suggested by his rival Simon Marius gradually gained universal acceptance. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) eventually started officially approving names in the late 1970s. With the explosion of discoveries in the 21st century, new moons have once again started to be left unnamed even after their numbering, beginning with Jupiter LI and Jupiter LII in 2010.
Key info
In the following tables, planetary satellites are indicated in bold type (e.g. Moon) while planets and dwarf planets, which directly circle the Sun, are in italic type (e.g. Earth). The Sun itself is indicated in roman type. The tables are sorted by publication/announcement date. Dates are annotated with the following symbols:
- i: for date of the discovery observation. This is not always the date of first imaging (photography, etc.) – see precovery;
- o: for date of first human visual observation, either through telescope or on photographic plate;
- p: for date of announcement or publication.
In a few cases, the date is uncertain and is then marked "(?)".
* Note: Moons marked by an asterisk (*) had complicated discoveries, such as being lost and rediscovered. Some of them thus appear multiple times in the list to clarify the situation.
- Color legend
The Sun, the planets, dwarf planets, and their natural satellites are marked in the following colors:
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|
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It is not known precisely how many objects in the Solar System are dwarf planets. The nine objects listed in the third column are the ones agreed on by most astronomers, corresponding to a threshold of about 900–1000 km diameter. There may be more; some of the largest objects beyond that threshold are included in the fourth column as candidates. In particular, Salacia and Varda each have a rather large moon, and current estimates for their densities still leave open the possibility that they are dwarf planets.
- Designations
- Other designations are synonyms or periphrases sometimes encountered for the object.
- Permanent designations (of planetary satellites) are explained here.
- Temporary designations are explained here.
If a satellite is named, its name is bolded; if it is unnamed, but has a permanent designation, then its permanent designation is bolded; and if it has neither, then its temporary designation is bolded.
Prehistorically discovered
| Prehistory | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Image | Other designation | Notes | |
| Sun |  | Star | In the geocentric model, developed in Ancient Greece, then standardized by Ptolemy in the 2nd century, the Earth was believed to be at the center of the cosmos. Seven planets were placed in orbit around it in an order of increasing distance from the Earth, as established by the Greek Stoics: the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. This list included two objects, the Sun and the Moon, which are now not generally considered planets. In the 5th century BCE, the Greek philosophers Philolaus and Hicetas speculated separately that the Earth was a sphere revolving daily around some mystical "central fire" that regulated the universe. Anaxagoras proposed that the Sun is a star around 450 BCE. In the 3rd century BCE, Aristarchus of Samos extended this idea by proposing that the Earth and other planets moved around a definite central object, which he believed to be the Sun though this was not widely accepted until the 17th century and not proven until the 19th.[3] | |
| Earth |  | 3rd Planet | Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the subject of historical misconception for centuries.[4][5] Earth was never formally 'discovered' because it was never an unrecognized entity by humans. However, its shared identity with other bodies as a "planet" is a historically recent discovery.
The Earth's position in the Solar System was correctly described in the heliocentric model proposed by Aristarchus of Samos, but not widely recognized until the Copernican Revolution.[6] | |
| Moon |  |
Earth I | Prior to the Copernican Revolution, the moon was considered one of the seven classical planets, and its geologic features were one of the discoveries that convinced astronomers that the earth was in fact a planet like the moon. In the Copernican system, the Moon was considered a secondary planet (ie, natural satellite of the Earth),[7] and was originally thought to be the only body in that system whose revolution was not centered on the Sun. | |
| Mercury |  |
1st Planet | Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn were identified by ancient Babylonian astronomers in the 2nd millennium BCE.[8] They were correctly identified as orbiting the Sun by Aristarchus of Samos, and later in Nicolaus Copernicus' heliocentric system[9] (De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, 1543) | |
| Venus |  | 2nd Planet | ||
| Mars |  | 4th Planet | ||
| Jupiter | .png) | 5th Planet | ||
| Saturn | .jpg) | 6th Planet | ||
17th century
| 17th century | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Name | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes | |
| 1610s | |||||
| o: 7 January 1610 p: 13 March 1610 |
Ganymede |  | Jupiter III | Galileo[10][11] discovered the Galilean moons of Jupiter. These satellites were the first celestial objects that were confirmed to orbit an object other than the Sun or Earth. Galileo saw Io and Europa as a single point of light on 7 January 1610; they were seen as separate bodies the following night.[12] | |
| Callisto |  | Jupiter IV | |||
| o: 8 January 1610 p: 13 March 1610 |
Io |  | Jupiter I | ||
| Europa | .png) | Jupiter II | |||
| 1650s | |||||
| o: 25 March 1655 p: 5 March 1656 |
Titan |  | Saturn VI Saturn II (1673–1684), Saturn IV (1686–1789) |
Huygens[13] first "published" his discovery as an anagram, sent out on 13 June 1655; later published in pamphlet form as De Saturni luna Observatio Nova and in full in Systema Saturnium[14] (July 1659). | |
| 1670s | |||||
| o: 25 October 1671 p: 1673 |
Iapetus |  | Saturn VIII Saturn III (1673–1684), Saturn V (1686–1789), Saturn VII (1789–1848) |
Cassini[15] | |
| o: 23 December 1672 p: 1673 |
Rhea |  | Saturn V Saturn I (1673–1684), Saturn III (1686–1789) | ||
| 1680s | |||||
| o: 21 March 1684 p: 22 April 1686 |
Tethys |  | Saturn III Saturn I (1686–1789) |
Cassini[16]
Together with his previous two discoveries, Cassini named these satellites Sidera Lodoicea. In his work Kosmotheôros[17] (published posthumously in 1698), Christiaan Huygens relates "Jupiter you see has his four, and Saturn his five Moons about him, all plac’d in their Orbits." | |
| Dione | .jpg) | Saturn IV Saturn II (1686–1789) | |||
| Date | Name | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes | |
The numbering of Saturn's moons was adjusted with each new discovery until 1848, in order to continue reflecting their order from their parent planet.
18th century
| 18th century | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Name | Image | Other/Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
| 1780s | ||||
| o: 13 March 1781 p: 26 April 1781 |
Uranus |  | 7th Planet | Herschel first reported the discovery of Uranus on 26 April 1781, initially believing it to be a comet.[18] |
| o: 11 January 1787 p: 15 February 1787 |
Titania | _color_cropped.jpg) | Uranus III Uranus I (1787–1797) |
Herschel.[19][20] He later reported four more spurious satellites.[21] |
| Oberon |  | Uranus IV Uranus II (1787–1797) | ||
| o: 28 August 1789[22] p: 12 November 1789 |
Enceladus |  | Saturn II | Herschel[23] |
| o: 17 September 1789 p: 12 November 1789 |
Mimas | .jpg) | Saturn I | |
| Date | Name | Image | Other/Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
The numbering of Titania and Oberon underwent some confusion, because in 1797, Herschel reported four more satellites of Uranus[24] that turned out not to exist. Before any more Uranian moons were discovered, William Lassell sometimes adopted Herschel's numbers where Titania and Oberon are respectively Uranus II and IV,[25] and sometimes called them respectively Uranus I and II.[26] After he discovered Ariel and Umbriel in 1851, Lassell numbered the four real Uranian satellites then known outward from their parent planet as I (Ariel), II (Umbriel), III (Titania), and IV (Oberon), and this finally stuck.[27]
19th century
| 19th century | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Name | Image | Other/Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
| 1800s | ||||
| o: 1 January 1801 p: 24 January 1801 |
Ceres |  |
8th Planet (1801) Asteroid (1851) Dwarf planet (2006) | Giuseppe Piazzi. He first announced his discovery on 24 January 1801, in letters to fellow astronomers.[28] The first formal publication was the September 1801 issue of the Monatliche Correspondenz.[29] |
| 1840s | ||||
| o: 23 September 1846 p: 13 November 1846 |
Neptune |  |
13th Planet (1846)[a] 8th Planet (1851) |
Galle and Le Verrier[30][31] |
| o: 10 October 1846 p: 13 November 1846 |
Triton |  | Neptune I | Lassell[32] |
| o: 16 September 1848 p: 7 October 1848 |
Hyperion |  | Saturn VII | Bond, Bond,[33] Lassell[34] |
| 1850s | ||||
| o: 24 October 1851 | Ariel |  | Uranus I | Lassell[27] |
| Umbriel |  | Uranus II | ||
| 1870s | ||||
| o: 12 August 1877 | Deimos |  | Mars II | Hall[35][36][37] |
| o: 18 August 1877 | Phobos |  | Mars I | |
| 1890s | ||||
| o: 9 September 1892 p: 4 October 1892 |
Amalthea | .png) | Jupiter V | Barnard[1][38] |
| i: 16 August 1898 o: 17 March 1899 |
Phoebe |  | Saturn IX | Pickering[39][40] |
| Date | Name | Image | Other/Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
The discovery of Amalthea marks the first time the Roman numerals were not adjusted with the discovery of a new satellite; from then on they reflected order of discovery rather than distance from the parent planet.
20th century
1901–1950
| Early 20th century | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Name | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
| 1900s | ||||
| i: 3 December 1904 p: 6 January 1905 |
Himalia |  | Jupiter VI | Perrine[38][41][42] |
| i: 2 January 1905 p: 27 February 1905 |
Elara |  | Jupiter VII | Perrine[38][42][43] |
| i: 27 January 1908 o: 28 February 1908 p: 1–6 March 1908 |
Pasiphae |  | Jupiter VIII | Melotte[38][44][45] |
| 1910s | ||||
| i: 21 July 1914 p: 17 September 1914 |
Sinope |  | Jupiter IX | Nicholson[38][46] |
| 1930s | ||||
| i: 23 January 1930 o: 18 February 1930 p: 13 March 1930 |
Pluto |  | 9th Planet (1930) Dwarf planet (2006) | Tombaugh[47] |
| i: 6 July 1938 p: August 1938 |
Lysithea |  | Jupiter X | Nicholson[38][48] |
| i: 30 July 1938 p: August 1938 |
Carme |  | Jupiter XI | |
| 1940s | ||||
| i: 16 February 1948 p: June 1949 |
Miranda |  | Uranus V | Kuiper[38][49] |
| i: 1 May 1949 p: August 1949 |
Nereid |  | Neptune II | Kuiper[38][50][51] |
| Date | Name | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
1951–2000
| Late 20th century | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Name | Temporary Designation | Image | Permanent Designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
| 1950s | |||||
| i: 28 September 1951 p: December 1951 |
Ananke | — |  | Jupiter XII | Nicholson[52][53] |
| 1960s | |||||
| i: 15 December 1966 p: 3 January 1967 |
Janus* | S/1966 S 2 |  | Saturn X | Dollfus[52][54][55][56][57] (Dollfus may have seen either Janus or Epimetheus) |
| i: 18 December 1966 p: 6 January 1967 |
Epimetheus* | S/1980 S 3 |  | Saturn XI | Walker[52][58] |
| 1970s | |||||
| i: 11 September 1974 p: 20 September 1974 |
Leda | — |  | Jupiter XIII | Kowal[38][59] |
| i: 30 September 1975 p: 3 October 1975 |
Themisto* | S/1975 J 1 |  | Jupiter XVIII | Kowal and Roemer[38][60] (Discovered and then lost) |
| i: 13 April 1978 o: 22 June 1978 p: 7 July 1978 |
Charon | S/1978 P 1 |  | Pluto I | Christy[61][62] |
| i: 8 July 1979 p: 23 November 1979 |
Adrastea | S/1979 J 1 |  | Jupiter XV | Jewitt, Danielson, Voyager 2[55][63][64][65][66][67] |
| 1980s | |||||
| Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
| i: 26 February 1980 p: 6 March 1980 |
Epimetheus* | S/1980 S 3 | | Saturn XI | [52][57][68][69][70][71] (Confirmed by Voyager 1) |
| i: 1 March 1980 p: 6 March 1980 |
Helene | S/1980 S 6 |  | Saturn XII | Laques, Lecacheux[38][68][69][70][71] |
| i: 8 April 1980 p: 10 April 1980 |
Telesto | S/1980 S 13 |  | Saturn XIII | Smith, Reitsema, Larson, Fountain, Voyager 1[52][71][72] |
| i: 5 March 1979 p: 28 April 1980 |
Thebe | S/1979 J 2 |  | Jupiter XIV | Synnott, Voyager 1[52][64][65] |
| i: 19 February 1980 p: 6 June 1980 |
Janus* | S/1980 S 1 | | Saturn X | [55][57][69][70][71] (Confirmed by Voyager 1) |
| i: 13 March 1980 p: 31 July 1980 |
Calypso | S/1980 S 25 |  | Saturn XIV | Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum, Currie[52][70][71] |
| i: 4 March 1979 p: 26 August 1980 |
Metis | S/1979 J 3 |  | Jupiter XVI | Synnott, Voyager 1[52][65] |
| o: October 1980 p: 31 October 1980 |
Prometheus | S/1980 S 27 |  | Saturn XVI | Collins, Voyager 1[73] |
| Pandora | S/1980 S 26 |  | Saturn XVII | Collins, Voyager 1[38][73] | |
| o: October 1980 p: 13 November 1980 |
Atlas | S/1980 S 28 |  | Saturn XV | Terrile, Voyager 1[52][74] |
| i: 24 May 1981 p: 29 May 1981 |
Larissa* | S/1981 N 1 |  | Neptune VII | Reitsema, Hubbard, Lebofsky, Tholen[38][75] |
| i: 30 December 1985 p: 9 January 1986 |
Puck | S/1985 U 1 | .png) | Uranus XV | Synnott, Voyager 2[38][76] |
| i: 3 January 1986 p: 16 January 1986 |
Juliet | S/1986 U 2 |  | Uranus XI | Synnott, Voyager 2[38][77][78] |
| Portia | S/1986 U 1 |  | Uranus XII | ||
| i: 9 January 1986 p: 16 January 1986 |
Cressida | S/1986 U 3 |  | Uranus IX | |
| i: 13 January 1986 p: 16 January 1986 |
Desdemona | S/1986 U 6 |  | Uranus X | |
| Rosalind | S/1986 U 4 |  | Uranus XIII | ||
| Belinda | S/1986 U 5 |  | Uranus XIV | ||
| i: 20 January 1986 p: 27January 1986 |
Cordelia | S/1986 U 7 |  | Uranus VI | Terrile, Voyager 2[38][79] |
| Ophelia | S/1986 U 8 |  | Uranus VII | ||
| i: 23 January 1986 p: 27 January 1986 |
Bianca | S/1986 U 9 |  | Uranus VIII | Smith, Voyager 2[38][79] |
| i: 16 June 1989 p: 7 July 1989 |
Proteus | S/1989 N 1 | .jpg) | Neptune VIII | Synnott, Voyager 2[38][80] |
| i: 28 July 1989 p: 2 August 1989 |
Larissa* | S/1989 N 2 | | Neptune VII | Synnott, Voyager 2 (recovered)[81][38] |
| Despina | S/1989 N 3 |  | Neptune V | Synnott, Voyager 2[81][38] | |
| Galatea | S/1989 N 4 |  | Neptune VI | ||
| i: 18 September 1989 p: 29 September 1989 |
Thalassa | S/1989 N 5 |  | Neptune IV | Terrile, Voyager 2[38][82] |
| Naiad | S/1989 N 6 |  | Neptune III | ||
| 1990s | |||||
| Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
| i: 22 August 1981 p: 16 July 1990 |
Pan* | S/1981 S 13 |  | Saturn XVIII | Showalter, Voyager 2[38][83] |
| i: 23 August 1981 p: 14 April 1995 |
Pallene* (see below) | S/1981 S 14 |  | Saturn XXXIII | Gordon, Murray and Beurle[38][84][85] |
| i: 6 September 1997 p: 31 October 1997 |
Caliban | S/1997 U 1 |  | Uranus XVI | Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars[38][86] |
| Sycorax | S/1997 U 2 |  | Uranus XVII | Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars[86] | |
| i: 18 January 1986 p: 18 May 1999 | Perdita* | S/1986 U 10 |  | Uranus XXV | Karkoschka, Voyager 2[38][87] |
| i: 18 July 1999 p: 27 July 1999 |
Setebos | S/1999 U 1 |  | Uranus XIX | Kavelaars, Gladman, Holman, Petit, Scholl[38][88] |
| Stephano | S/1999 U 2 |  | Uranus XX | Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl[38][88] | |
| i: 18 July 1999 p: 4 September 1999 |
Prospero | S/1999 U 3 |  | Uranus XVIII | Holman, Kavelaars, Gladman, Petit, Scholl[38][89] |
| 2000s | |||||
| Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
| i: 6 October 1999 p: 20 July 2000 |
Callirrhoe | S/1999 J 1 |  | Jupiter XVII | Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, Montani, Gleason, Gehrels[38][90][91] |
| i: 7 August 2000 p: 25 October 2000 |
Ymir | S/2000 S 1 |  | Saturn XIX | Gladman[38][92][93] |
| Paaliaq | S/2000 S 2 |  | Saturn XX | ||
| i: 23 September 2000 p: 25 October 2000 |
Siarnaq | S/2000 S 3 |  | Saturn XXIX | Gladman, Kavelaars[38][94][95] |
| Tarvos | S/2000 S 4 |  | Saturn XXI | Kavelaars, Gladman[38][94][95] | |
| i: 7 August 2000 p: 18 November 2000 |
Kiviuq | S/2000 S 5 |  | Saturn XXIV | Gladman[38][95][96] |
| i: 23 September 2000 p: 18 November 2000 |
Ijiraq | S/2000 S 6 |  | Saturn XXII | Kavelaars, Gladman[38][95][96] |
| i: 21 November 2000 p: 25 November 2000 |
Themisto* | S/2000 J 1 | | Jupiter XVIII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier (Rediscovered)[38][97][98] |
| i: 28 November 2000 p: 1 December 2000 |
Varuna | (20000) 2000 WR106 |  | Dwarf planet candidate? | McMillan[99] |
| i: 23 September 2000 p: 7 December 2000 |
Thrymr | S/2000 S 7 |  | Saturn XXX | Gladman, Kavelaars[38][93][100] |
| Skathi | S/2000 S 8 |  | Saturn XXVII | Kavelaars, Gladman[38][93][100] | |
| Mundilfari | S/2000 S 9 |  | Saturn XXV | Gladman, Kavelaars[38][93][100] | |
| Erriapus | S/2000 S 10 | | Saturn XXVIII | Kavelaars, Gladman[38][95][101] | |
| i: 9 November 2000 p: 19 December 2000 |
Albiorix | S/2000 S 11 |  | Saturn XXVI | Holman, Spahr[38][102][103] |
| i: 23 September 2000 p: 22 December 2000 |
Suttungr | S/2000 S 12 |  | Saturn XXIII | Gladman, Kavelaars[38][104][105] |
| Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
21st century
2000s
| 2000s | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
|
i: 23 November 2000 |
Kalyke | S/2000 J 2 |  | Jupiter XXIII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans[38][106][107][108] |
| Iocaste | S/2000 J 3 |  | Jupiter XXIV | ||
| Erinome | S/2000 J 4 |  | Jupiter XXV | ||
| Harpalyke | S/2000 J 5 |  | Jupiter XXII | ||
| Isonoe | S/2000 J 6 |  | Jupiter XXVI | ||
| Praxidike | S/2000 J 7 |  | Jupiter XXVII | ||
| i: 25 November 2000 p: 5 January 2001 |
Megaclite | S/2000 J 8 |  | Jupiter XIX | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans[38][106][108] |
| Taygete | S/2000 J 9 |  | Jupiter XX | ||
| i: 26 November 2000 p: 5 January 2001 |
Chaldene | S/2000 J 10 |  | Jupiter XXI | |
| i: 5 December 2000 p: 5 January 2001 |
Dia | S/2000 J 11 |  | Jupiter LIII | |
| i: 22 May 2001 p: 1 July 2001 |
Ixion | (28978) 2001 KX76 |  |
Dwarf planet candidate? | Elliot, Wasserman, Buie, Millis, Kern, Qu, Pate[109] |
| Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
| i: 9 December 2001 p: 16 May 2002 |
Hermippe | S/2001 J 3 |  | Jupiter XXX | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[38][110][111] |
| Eurydome | S/2001 J 4 |  | Jupiter XXXII | ||
| Sponde | S/2001 J 5 |  | Jupiter XXXVI | ||
| Kale | S/2001 J 8 |  | Jupiter XXXVII | ||
| i: 10 December 2001 p: 16 May 2002 |
Autonoe | S/2001 J 1 |  | Jupiter XXVIII | |
| i: 11 December 2001 p: 16 May 2002 |
Thyone | S/2001 J 2 |  | Jupiter XXIX | |
| Pasithee | S/2001 J 6 |  | Jupiter XXXVIII | ||
| Euanthe | S/2001 J 7 |  | Jupiter XXXIII | ||
| Orthosie | S/2001 J 9 |  | Jupiter XXXV | ||
| Euporie | S/2001 J 10 |  | Jupiter XXXIV | ||
| Aitne | S/2001 J 11 |  | Jupiter XXXI | ||
| i: 10 January 2002 p: 20 July 2002 |
Aya | (55565) 2002 AW197 |  | Dwarf planet candidate? | Brown, Trujillo, Helin, Hicks, Lawrence, Pravdo[112] |
| i: 13 August 2001 p: 30 September 2002 |
Trinculo | S/2001 U 1 |  | Uranus XXI | Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic[38][113][114] |
| i: 4 June 2002 o: 5 June 2002 p: 7 October 2002 |
Quaoar | (50000) 2002 LM60 |  | Dwarf planet | Trujillo, Brown[115] |
| i: 30 October 2002 p: 1 November 2002 |
Uni | (55637) 2002 UX25 |  | Dwarf planet candidate? | Spacewatch[116][117] |
| i: 18 June 2002 p: 21 November 2002 |
Máni | (307261) 2002 MS4 |  | Dwarf planet candidate? | Trujillo, Brown[118] |
| i: 31 October 2002 p: 18 December 2002 |
Arche | S/2002 J 1 |  | Jupiter XLIII | Sheppard, Meech, Hsieh, Tholen, Tonry[38][119][120] |
| Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
| i: 23 July 2002 p: 13 January 2003 |
Sao | S/2002 N 2 |  | Neptune XI | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic[38][121][122] |
| i: 10 August 2002 p: 13 January 2003 |
Halimede | S/2002 N 1 |  | Neptune IX | |
| i: 11 August 2002 p: 13 January 2003 |
Laomedeia | S/2002 N 3 |  | Neptune XII | |
| i: 13 January 2003 p: 26 January 2003 |
Achlys | (208996) 2003 AZ84 |  | Dwarf planet candidate? | Trujillo, Brown[123] |
| i: 5 February 2003 p: 4 March 2003 |
Eukelade | S/2003 J 1 |  | Jupiter XLVII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh[38][124][125] |
| (unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 2 |  | — | ||
| Eupheme | S/2003 J 3 |  | Jupiter LX | ||
| (unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 4 |  | — | ||
| i: 6 February 2003 p: 4 March 2003 |
Eirene | S/2003 J 5 | — | Jupiter LVII | |
| Helike | S/2003 J 6 |  | Jupiter XLV | ||
| i: 8 February 2003 p: 4 March 2003 |
Aoede | S/2003 J 7 | — | Jupiter XLI | |
| i: 8 February 2003 p: 6 March 2003 |
Hegemone | S/2003 J 8 | — | Jupiter XXXIX | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[38][126][127] |
| i: 6 February 2003 p: 7 March 2003 |
(unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 9 |  | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[38][128][129] |
| S/2003 J 10 |  | ||||
| Kallichore | S/2003 J 11 | — | Jupiter XLIV | ||
| i: 8 February 2003 p: 7 March 2003 |
(unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 12 |  | — | |
| i: 9 February 2003 p: 2 April 2003 |
Cyllene | S/2003 J 13 | — | Jupiter XLVIII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[38][130][131] |
| i: 8 February 2003 p: 3 April 2003 |
Kore | S/2003 J 14 |  | Jupiter XLIX | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[38][130][132] |
| i: 6 February 2003 p: 3 April 2003 |
Philophrosyne | S/2003 J 15 | — | Jupiter LVIII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[130][133] |
| (unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 16 |  | — | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[130][134] | |
| i: 8 February 2003 p: 3 April 2003 |
Herse | S/2003 J 17 | — | Jupiter L | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[38][130][135] |
| i: 6 February 2003 p: 4 April 2003 |
(unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 18 |  | Jupiter LV | Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[38][130][136] |
| i: 5 February 2003 p: 8 April 2003 |
Narvi | S/2003 S 1 |  | Saturn XXXI | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[38][130][137] |
| i: 6 February 2003 p: 12 April 2003 |
(unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 19 | — | Jupiter LXI | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[138][139] |
| i: 9 February 2003 p: 14 April 2003 |
Carpo | S/2003 J 20 |  | Jupiter XLVI | Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Jewitt, Kleyna[38][138][140] |
| i: 6 February 2003 p: 29 May 2003 |
Mneme | S/2003 J 21 |  | Jupiter XL | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[38][141][142] |
| i: 18 January 1986 p: 3 September 2003 |
Perdita* | S/1986 U 10 | | Uranus XXV | Karkoschka (Recovered by the Hubble Space Telescope)[38][87][143] |
| i: 29 August 2003 p: 3 September 2003 |
Psamathe | S/2003 N 1 |  | Neptune X | Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, Kavelaars[38][144][145] |
| i: 25 August 2003 p: 25 September 2003 |
Mab | S/2003 U 1 |  | Uranus XXVI | Showalter, Lissauer[146] |
| Cupid | S/2003 U 2 |  | Uranus XXVII | ||
| i: 13 August 2001 p: 30 September 2003 |
Ferdinand* | S/2001 U 2 |  | Uranus XXIV | 2001: Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic; 2003: Sheppard, Jewitt (recovered)[38][147][148] |
| i: 14 August 2002 p: 30 September 2003 |
Neso | S/2002 N 4 |  | Neptune XIII | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic[38][147][149] |
| i: 13 August 2001 p: 7 October 2003 |
Francisco | S/2001 U 3 |  | Uranus XXII | Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, Gladman[38][150] |
| i: 29 August 2003 p: 9 October 2003 |
Margaret | S/2003 U 3 |  | Uranus XXIII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Holman, Kavelaars[38][151][152] |
| Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
| i: 9 February 2003 p: 24 January 2004 |
Thelxinoe | S/2003 J 22 | — | Jupiter XLII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[38][153][154] |
| i: 6 February 2003 p: 31 January 2004 |
(unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 23 |  | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[155][156] |
| i: 17 February 2004 p: 22 February 2004 |
Orcus | (90482) 2004 DW |  | Dwarf planet | Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[157] |
| i: 14 November 2003 p: 15 March 2004 |
Sedna | (90377) 2003 VB12 |  | Dwarf planet | Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[158] |
| i: 13 April 2004 p: 14 April 2004 |
Goibniu | (90568) 2004 GV9 |  | Dwarf planet candidate? | NEAT[159] |
| i: 1 June 2004 p: 16 August 2004 |
Methone | S/2004 S 1 |  | Saturn XXXII | Cassini–Huygens[38][160][161][162] |
| Pallene* | S/2004 S 2 | | Saturn XXXIII | ||
| i: 14 August 2002 p: 19 August 2004 | (unnamed moon of Neptune) | S/2002 N 5* |  | — | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser (as lost moon c02N4)[163][164] |
| i: 21 October 2004 o: 24 October 2004 p: 8 November 2004 |
Polydeuces | S/2004 S 5 |  | Saturn XXXIV | Cassini–Huygens[38][165][166] |
| Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
| i: 12 December 2004 p: 3 May 2005 |
(unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 7 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden[38][167] |
| Fornjot | S/2004 S 8 |  | Saturn XLII | ||
| Farbauti | S/2004 S 9 | — | Saturn XL | ||
| Aegir | S/2004 S 10 | — | Saturn XXXVI | ||
| Bebhionn | S/2004 S 11 |  | Saturn XXXVII | ||
| (unnamed moons of Saturn) | S/2004 S 12 | — | — | ||
| S/2004 S 13 | — | ||||
| Hati | S/2004 S 14 |  | Saturn XLIII | ||
| Bergelmir | S/2004 S 15 |  | Saturn XXXVIII | ||
| i: 13 December 2004 p: 3 May 2005 |
Fenrir | S/2004 S 16 | — | Saturn XLI | |
| (unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 17 | — | — | ||
| Bestla | S/2004 S 18 |  | Saturn XXXIX | ||
| i: 22 September 2004 p: 6 May 2005 |
Salacia | (120347) 2004 SB60 |  | Dwarf planet candidate? | Roe, Brown, Barkume[168] |
| i: 1 May 2005 p: 6 May 2005 |
Daphnis | S/2005 S 1 | .jpg) | Saturn XXXV | Cassini–Huygens[169] |
| i: 7 March 2003 o: 27 July 2005 i: 6 May 2004 o: 28 December 2004 p: 29 July 2005 |
Haumea | (136108) 2003 EL61 |  | Dwarf planet | (Ortiz, Aceituno Castro, Santos-Sanz)[38][170] or (Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz)[171] (see the Controversy over the discovery of Haumea) |
| i: 21 October 2003 o: 5 January 2005 p: 29 July 2005 |
Eris | (136199) 2003 UB313 |  | Dwarf planet | Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[38][171][172] |
| o: 26 January 2005 p: 29 July 2005 |
Hiʻiaka | S/2005 (2003 EL61) 1 | | Haumea I | Brown, Keck Observatory adaptive optics team[38][173] |
| i: 31 March 2005 p: 29 July 2005 |
Makemake | (136472) 2005 FY9 | .jpg) | Dwarf planet | Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[171][174] |
| i: 10 September 2005 p: 3 October 2005 |
Dysnomia | S/2005 (2003 UB313) 1 | | Eris I | Brown, van Dam, Bouchez, Le Mignant, Campbell, Chin, Conrad, Hartman, Johansson, Lafon, Rabinowitz, Stomski, Summers, Trujillo, Wizinowich[175] |
| i: 15 May 2005 o: 15 June 2005 p: 31 October 2005 |
Nix | S/2005 P 2 |  | Pluto II | Weaver, Stern, Mutchler, Steffl, Buie, Merline, Spencer, Young, Young[176] |
| Hydra | S/2005 P 1 |  |
Pluto III | ||
| i: 1 March 2005 p: 1 December 2005 |
Namaka | S/2005 (2003 EL61) 2 | | Haumea II | Brown, Keck Observatory adaptive optics team[177] |
| Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
| i: 21 June 2003 p: 7 January 2006 |
Varda | (174567) 2003 MW12 |  | Dwarf planet candidate? | Larsen[178] |
| i: 12 December 2004 o: 6 March 2006 (?) p: 26 June 2006 |
Hyrrokkin | S/2004 S 19 |  | Saturn XLIV | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[38][179][180] |
| i: 4 January 2006 o: 6 March 2006 (?) p: 26 June 2006 |
(unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2006 S 1 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[38][180][181] |
| Kari | S/2006 S 2 |  | Saturn XLV | ||
| i: 5 January 2006 o: 6 March 2006 (?) p: 26 June 2006 |
(unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2006 S 3 | — | — | |
| Greip | S/2006 S 4 |  | Saturn LI | ||
| Loge | S/2006 S 5 |  | Saturn XLVI | ||
| Jarnsaxa | S/2006 S 6 | — | Saturn L | ||
| Surtur | S/2006 S 7 | — | Saturn XLVIII | ||
| Skoll | S/2006 S 8 |  | Saturn XLVII | ||
| i: 10 September 2005 p: 23 July 2006 |
Ritona | (145452) 2005 RN43 |  | Dwarf planet candidate? | Becker, Puckett, Kubica[182] |
| i: 21 July 2006 p: 19 September 2006 |
Actaea | — | | Salacia I | Noll, Levison, Stephens, Grundy[183] |
| i: 26 August 2005 p: 22 February 2007 |
Tinia | — | | Uni I | Brown, Suer[184] |
| i: 13 November 2005 p: 22 February 2007 |
Vanth | — | | Orcus I | Brown, Suer[184] |
| i: 2 December 2005 p: 22 February 2007 |
(unnamed moon of Achlys) | — | | — | Brown, Suer[184] |
| i: 14 February 2006 p: 22 February 2007 |
Weywot | — | | Quaoar I | Brown, Suer[184] |
| i: 5 January 2006 o: 16 January 2007 (?) p: 13 April 2007 |
Tarqeq | S/2007 S 1 |  | Saturn LII | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[38][185][186] |
| i: 18 January 2007 o: ? p: 1 May 2007 |
(unnamed moons of Saturn) | S/2007 S 2 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[186][187] |
| S/2007 S 3 | — | — | |||
| i: June 2004 o: 30 May 2007 p: 18 July 2007 | Anthe | S/2007 S 4 |  | Saturn XLIX | Cassini–Huygens[38][188] |
| i: 17 July 2007 p: 7 January 2009 | Gonggong | (225088) 2007 OR10 | .png) | Dwarf planet | Schwamb, Brown, Rabinowitz[189] |
| i: 15 August 2008 p: 3 March 2009 | Aegaeon | S/2008 S 1 |  | Saturn LIII | Cassini–Huygens[38][190] |
| i: 26 July 2009 o: ? p: 2 November 2009 | (unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2009 S 1 |  | — | Cassini–Huygens[191] |
| Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
2010s
| 2010s | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
|
i: 7 September 2010 |
(unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2010 J 1 |  | Jupiter LI | Jacobson, Brozović, Gladman and Alexandersen[192] |
| S/2010 J 2 |  | Jupiter LII | Veillet[192] | ||
|
i: 28 June 2011 |
Kerberos | S/2011 (134340) 1 | .jpg) | Pluto IV | Showalter[193][194] |
| i: 26 April 2009 p: September 2011 |
Ilmarë | — | | Varda I | Noll et al.[195] |
|
i: 27 September 2011 |
(unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2011 J 1 | — | Jupiter LXXII | Sheppard[196] |
| S/2011 J 2 | — | Jupiter LVI | |||
|
i: 26 June 2012 |
Styx | S/2012 (134340) 1 | .jpg) | Pluto V | Showalter[197] |
|
i: 6 November 2004 |
Hippocamp* | S/2004 N 1 |  | Neptune XIV | Showalter et al.[198] |
| i: 17 March 2013 p: 31 March 2014 |
Chiminigagua | (532037) 2013 FY27 |  | Dwarf planet candidate? | Sheppard, Trujillo[199] |
|
i: 27 April 2015 |
(unnamed moon of Makemake) | S/2015 (136472) 1 | | — | Parker et al.[200][201] |
| i: 19 August 2014 p: 11 October 2016 |
(unnamed dwarf planet candidate) | 2014 UZ224 |  | Dwarf planet candidate? | Gerdes et al.[202] |
| i: 9 November 2009 p: 17 October 2016 |
Xiangliu | — | .jpg) | Gonggong I | Marton, Kiss, Müller[203] |
| i: 8 March 2016 p: 2 June 2017 |
(unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2016 J 1 |  | Jupiter LIV | Sheppard et al.[204][205][206] |
| i: 23 March 2017 p: 5 June 2017 | S/2017 J 1 |  | Jupiter LIX | ||
| i: 9 March 2016 p: 17 July 2018 | Valetudo | S/2016 J 2 |  | Jupiter LXII | |
| i: 5 February 2016 o: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018 |
(unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2017 J 2 |  | Jupiter LXIII | |
| i: 5 February 2016 o: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018 | S/2017 J 3 |  | Jupiter LXIV | ||
| i: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018 | Pandia | S/2017 J 4 |  | Jupiter LXV | |
| i: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018 |
(unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2017 J 5 |  | Jupiter LXVI | |
| i: 24 February 2017 o: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018 | S/2017 J 6 |  | Jupiter LXVII | ||
| i: 24 February 2017 o: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018 | S/2017 J 7 |  | Jupiter LXVIII | ||
| i: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018 | S/2017 J 8 |  | Jupiter LXIX | ||
| i: 24 February 2017 o: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018 | S/2017 J 9 |  | Jupiter LXX | ||
| i: 25 March 2017 o: 11 May 2018 p: 17 July 2018 | Ersa | S/2018 J 1 |  | Jupiter LXXI | |
| i: 15 January 2018 p: 10 August 2018 | (unnamed moon of Chiminigagua) | — |  | — | Sheppard[207] |
| i: 12 December 2004 p: 7 October 2019 |
Gridr | S/2004 S 20 | — | Saturn LIV | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[208] |
| (unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 21 | — | — | ||
| Angrboda | S/2004 S 22 | — | Saturn LV | ||
| Skrymir | S/2004 S 23 | — | Saturn LVI | ||
| (unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 24 | — | — | ||
| Gerd | S/2004 S 25 | — | Saturn LVII | ||
| (unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 26 | — | Saturn LVIII | ||
| Eggther | S/2004 S 27 | — | Saturn LIX | ||
| (unnamed moons of Saturn) | S/2004 S 28 | — | — | ||
| S/2004 S 29 | — | Saturn LX | |||
| Beli | S/2004 S 30 | — | Saturn LXI | ||
| i: 12 December 2004 p: 8 October 2019 | |||||
| (unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 31 | — | — | ||
| Gunnlod | S/2004 S 32 | — | Saturn LXII | ||
| Thiazzi | S/2004 S 33 | — | Saturn LXIII | ||
| (unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 34 | — | Saturn LXIV | ||
| Alvaldi | S/2004 S 35 | — | Saturn LXV | ||
| (unnamed moons of Saturn) | S/2004 S 36 | — | — | ||
| S/2004 S 37 | — | — | |||
| Geirrod | S/2004 S 38 | — | Saturn LXVI | ||
| (unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2004 S 39 | — | — | ||
| Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
2020s
| 2020s | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
| i: 5 February 2003 p: 15 November 2021 | (unnamed moon of Jupiter) | S/2003 J 24 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Veillet[209] |
| i: 1 July 2019 p: 16 November 2021 | (unnamed moon of Saturn) | S/2019 S 1 |  | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[210] |
| i: 27 September 2011 p: 20 December 2022 | (unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2011 J 3 | — | — | Sheppard[211][212][213][214][215] |
| i: 12 May 2018 p: 20 December 2022 | S/2018 J 2 | — | — | ||
| i: 9 March 2016 p: 5 January 2023 | S/2016 J 3 |  | — | ||
| i: 12 August 2021 p: 5 January 2023 | S/2021 J 1 | — | — | ||
| i: 12 May 2018 p: 19 January 2023 | S/2018 J 3 | — | — | ||
| i: 12 August 2021 p: 19 January 2023 | S/2021 J 2 | — | — | ||
| S/2021 J 3 | — | — | |||
| i: 14 August 2021 p: 19 January 2023 | S/2021 J 4 | — | — | ||
| i: 5 September 2021 p: 19 January 2023 | S/2021 J 5 | — | — | Sheppard, Tholen, Trujillo[216] | |
| i: 11 May 2018 p: 20 January 2023 | S/2018 J 4 |  | — | Sheppard[217] | |
| i: 5 September 2021 p: 20 January 2023 | S/2021 J 6 | — | — | Sheppard, Tholen, Trujillo[218] | |
| i: 9 March 2016 p: 24 January 2023 | S/2016 J 4 | — | — | Sheppard[219][220][221][222] | |
| i: 30 August 2022 p: 22 February 2023 | S/2022 J 1 | — | — | ||
| i: 15 October 2022 p: 22 February 2023 | S/2022 J 2 | — | — | ||
| i: 30 August 2022 p: 22 February 2023 | S/2022 J 3 | — | — | ||
| i: 24 June 2020 p: 3 May 2023 | (unnamed moons of Saturn) | S/2020 S 1 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[223][224][225][226][227] |
| i: 1 February 2006 p: 3 May 2023 | S/2006 S 9 | — | — | ||
| i: 18 January 2007 p: 3 May 2023 | S/2007 S 5 | — | — | ||
| i: 12 December 2004 p: 3 May 2023 | S/2004 S 40 | — | — | Jewitt, Sheppard, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[228] | |
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 3 May 2023 | S/2019 S 2 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[229] | |
| S/2019 S 3 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[230] | ||
| i: 27 June 2020 p: 3 May 2023 | S/2020 S 2 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[231][232] | |
| i: 24 June 2020 p: 5 May 2023 | S/2020 S 3 | — | — | ||
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 5 May 2023 | S/2019 S 4 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman[233] | |
| i: 12 December 2004 p: 6 May 2023 | S/2004 S 41 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[234] | |
| i: 24 June 2020 p: 6 May 2023 | S/2020 S 4 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[235][236] | |
| S/2020 S 5 | — | — | |||
| i: 16 January 2007 p: 6 May 2023 | S/2007 S 6 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[237][238][239] | |
| i: 12 December 2004 p: 6 May 2023 | S/2004 S 42 | — | — | ||
| i: 5 January 2006 p: 6 May 2023 | S/2006 S 10 | — | — | ||
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 6 May 2023 | S/2019 S 5 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman[240] | |
| i: 12 December 2004 p: 7 May 2023 | S/2004 S 43 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[241] | |
| S/2004 S 44 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman[242] | ||
| i: 13 December 2004 p: 7 May 2023 | S/2004 S 45 | — | — | Jewitt, Sheppard, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[243] | |
| i: 5 January 2006 p: 7 May 2023 | S/2006 S 11 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[244][245] | |
| S/2006 S 12 | — | — | |||
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 8 May 2023 | S/2019 S 6 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman[246] | |
| i: 6 January 2006 p: 8 May 2023 | S/2006 S 13 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[247] | |
| i: 1 July 2019 p: 8 May 2023 | S/2019 S 7 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman[248] | |
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 8 May 2023 | S/2019 S 8 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[249] | |
| i: 1 July 2019 p: 8 May 2023 | S/2019 S 9 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman[250] | |
| i: 12 December 2004 p: 8 May 2023 | S/2004 S 46 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[251] | |
| i: 1 July 2019 p: 8 May 2023 | S/2019 S 10 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[252] | |
| i: 12 December 2004 p: 8 May 2023 | S/2004 S 47 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[253] | |
| i: 1 July 2019 p: 8 May 2023 | S/2019 S 11 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[254] | |
| i: 5 January 2006 p: 8 May 2023 | S/2006 S 14 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[255] | |
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 9May 2023 | S/2019 S 12 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman[256] | |
| i: 27 June 2020 p: 9 May 2023 | S/2020 S 6 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[257][258] | |
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 9 May 2023 | S/2019 S 13 | — | — | ||
| i: 5 January 2005 p: 10 May 2023 | S/2005 S 4 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[259] | |
| i: 16 January 2007 p: 10 May 2023 | S/2007 S 7 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[260] | |
| i: 21 March 2007 p: 10 May 2023 | S/2007 S 8 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[261] | |
| i: 24 June 2020 p: 10 May 2023 | S/2020 S 7 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[262] | |
| i: 1 July 2019 p: 10 May 2023 | S/2019 S 14 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman[263] | |
| i: 1 July 2019 p: 10 May 2023 | S/2019 S 15 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[264] | |
| i: 9 March 2005 p: 10 May 2023 | S/2005 S 5 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[265] | |
| i: 5 January 2006 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2006 S 15 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman[266] | |
| i: 1 February 2006 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2006 S 16 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[267] | |
| i: 5 January 2006 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2006 S 17 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman[268] | |
| i: 12 December 2004 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2004 S 48 | — | — | Jewitt, Sheppard, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[269] | |
| i: 27 June 2020 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2020 S 8 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[270] | |
| i: 13 December 2004 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2004 S 49 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[271] | |
| i: 12 December 2004 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2004 S 50 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[272] | |
| i: 5 January 2006 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2006 S 18 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[273] | |
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2019 S 16 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[274] | |
| i: 1 July 2019 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2019 S 17 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[275] | |
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2019 S 18 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[276] | |
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2019 S 19 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman[277] | |
| i: 1 July 2019 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2019 S 20 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[278] | |
| i: 5 January 2006 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2006 S 19 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[279][280] | |
| i: 12 December 2004 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2004 S 51 | — | — | ||
| i: 27 June 2020 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2020 S 9 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[281] | |
| i: 12 December 2004 p: 15 May 2023 | S/2004 S 52 | — | — | Jewitt, Sheppard, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[282] | |
| i: 21 March 2007 p: 16 May 2023 | S/2007 S 9 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman[283] | |
| i: 12 December 2004 p: 16 May 2023 | S/2004 S 53 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[284] | |
| i: 27 June 2020 p: 16 May 2023 | S/2020 S 10 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[285] | |
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 16 May 2023 | S/2019 S 21 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[286][287] | |
| i: 5 January 2006 p: 23 May 2023 | S/2006 S 20 | — | — | ||
| i: 7 September 2021 p: 23 February 2024 | (unnamed moon of Neptune) | S/2021 N 1 |  | — | Sheppard, Tholen, Trujillo, Lykawka[288] |
| i: 4 November 2023 p: 23 February 2024 | (unnamed moon of Uranus) | S/2023 U 1 | — | — | Sheppard[289] |
| i: 14 August 2002 p: 23 February 2024 | (unnamed moon of Neptune) | S/2002 N 5* | | — | Sheppard (recovered)[163] (originally published in 2004 as lost moon c02N4)[164] |
| i: 23 August 2019 p: 11 March 2025 | (unnamed moons of Saturn) | S/2019 S 22 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen, Fraser, Lawler, Kavelaars[290] |
| i: 1 July 2019 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2019 S 23 | — | — | ||
| S/2019 S 26 | — | — | |||
| i: 22 August 2019 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2019 S 32 | — | — | ||
| i: 2 July 2019 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2019 S 35 | — | — | ||
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2019 S 37 | — | — | ||
| i: 2 July 2019 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2019 S 41 | — | — | ||
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2019 S 44 | — | — | ||
| i: 27 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 11 | — | — | ||
| i: 24 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 12 | — | — | ||
| i: 27 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 13 | — | — | ||
| i: 24 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 16 | — | — | ||
| S/2020 S 17 | — | — | |||
| i: 29 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 19 | — | — | ||
| i: 27 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 20 | — | — | ||
| i: 24 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 22 | — | — | ||
| S/2020 S 23 | — | — | |||
| S/2020 S 24 | — | — | |||
| S/2020 S 30 | — | — | |||
| S/2020 S 31 | — | — | |||
| S/2020 S 33 | — | — | |||
| S/2020 S 34 | — | — | |||
| i: 27 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 38 | — | — | ||
| i: 24 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 39 | — | — | ||
| i: 27 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 41 | — | — | ||
| i: 24 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 42 | — | — | ||
| S/2020 S 43 | — | — | |||
| S/2020 S 44 | — | — | |||
| i: 15 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 1 | — | — | ||
| i: 18 September 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 2 | — | — | ||
| i: 19 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 3 | — | — | ||
| i: 15 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 5 | — | — | ||
| S/2023 S 6 | — | — | |||
| S/2023 S 7 | — | — | |||
| S/2023 S 8 | — | — | |||
| i: 16 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 9 | — | — | ||
| i: 15 September 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 10 | — | — | ||
| i: 16 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 13 | — | — | ||
| i: 15 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 16 | — | — | ||
| S/2023 S 17 | — | — | |||
| S/2023 S 18 | — | — | |||
| S/2023 S 19 | — | — | |||
| S/2023 S 20 | — | — | |||
| S/2023 S 21 | — | — | |||
| i: 16 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 22 | — | — | ||
| S/2023 S 23 | — | — | |||
| i: 15 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 24 | — | — | ||
| S/2023 S 25 | — | — | |||
| i: 16 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 27 | — | — | ||
| S/2023 S 29 | — | — | |||
| i: 15 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 30 | — | — | ||
| i: 16 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 32 | — | — | ||
| i: 18 September 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 33 | — | — | ||
| i: 15 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 34 | — | — | ||
| i: 15 September 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 42 | — | — | ||
| i: 16 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 43 | — | — | ||
| i: 15 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 45 | — | — | ||
| i: 16 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 46 | — | — | ||
| i: 15 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 47 | — | — | ||
| S/2023 S 49 | — | — | |||
| S/2023 S 50 | — | — | |||
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 11 March 2025 | (unnamed moons of Saturn) | S/2019 S 28 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[291] |
| S/2019 S 30 | — | — | |||
| i: 1 July 2019 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2019 S 36 | — | — | ||
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2019 S 38 | — | — | ||
| S/2019 S 39 | — | — | |||
| i: 27 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 14 | — | — | ||
| i: 24 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 15 | — | — | ||
| S/2020 S 18 | — | — | |||
| i: 27 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 21 | — | — | ||
| i: 29 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 25 | — | — | ||
| S/2020 S 28 | — | — | |||
| i: 27 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 29 | — | — | ||
| i: 24 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 32 | — | — | ||
| S/2020 S 35 | — | — | |||
| i: 29 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 36 | — | — | ||
| i: 20 July 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 37 | — | — | ||
| i: 24 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 40 | — | — | ||
| i: 15 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 4 | — | — | ||
| S/2023 S 11 | — | — | |||
| S/2023 S 12 | — | — | |||
| i: 16 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 14 | — | — | ||
| i: 15 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 15 | — | — | ||
| S/2023 S 26 | — | — | |||
| S/2023 S 28 | — | — | |||
| S/2023 S 31 | — | — | |||
| i: 16 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 35 | — | — | ||
| i: 15 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 36 | — | — | ||
| S/2023 S 37 | — | — | |||
| S/2023 S 38 | — | — | |||
| S/2023 S 39 | — | — | |||
| i: 16 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 40 | — | — | ||
| i: 15 August 2023 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2023 S 41 | — | — | ||
| S/2023 S 44 | — | — | |||
| S/2023 S 48 | — | — | |||
| i: 12 December 2004 p: 11 March 2025 | (unnamed moons of Saturn) | S/2004 S 54 | — | — | Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen, Kleyna[292] |
| S/2004 S 55 | — | — | |||
| S/2004 S 56 | — | — | |||
| S/2004 S 57 | — | — | |||
| S/2004 S 58 | — | — | |||
| S/2004 S 59 | — | — | |||
| S/2004 S 60 | — | — | |||
| S/2004 S 61 | — | — | |||
| i: 5 January 2005 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2005 S 6 | — | — | ||
| S/2005 S 7 | — | — | |||
| i: 6 January 2006 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2006 S 21 | — | — | ||
| S/2006 S 22 | — | — | |||
| i: 1 February 2006 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2006 S 23 | — | — | ||
| S/2006 S 24 | — | — | |||
| i: 5 January 2006 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2006 S 25 | — | — | ||
| S/2006 S 26 | — | — | |||
| S/2006 S 27 | — | — | |||
| S/2006 S 28 | — | — | |||
| i: 1 February 2006 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2006 S 29 | — | — | ||
| i: 18 January 2007 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2007 S 10 | — | — | ||
| S/2007 S 11 | — | — | |||
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2019 S 24 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen, Fraser, Lawler, Kavelaars[292] | |
| S/2019 S 25 | — | — | |||
| S/2019 S 27 | — | — | |||
| S/2019 S 29 | — | — | |||
| i: 1 July 2019 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2019 S 31 | — | — | ||
| i: 2 July 2019 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2019 S 33 | — | — | ||
| i: 3 July 2019 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2019 S 34 | — | — | ||
| S/2019 S 40 | — | — | |||
| S/2019 S 42 | — | — | |||
| S/2019 S 43 | — | — | |||
| i: 27 June 2020 p: 11 March 2025 | S/2020 S 26 | — | — | ||
| S/2020 S 27 | — | — | |||
| i: 23 March 2017 p: 30 April 2025 | (unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2017 J 10 |  | — | Sheppard[293][294] |
| i: 25 March 2017 p: 30 April 2025 | S/2017 J 11 | ― | ― | ||
| i: 2 February 2025 p: 19 August 2025 | (unnamed moon of Uranus) | S/2025 U 1 |  | Uranus XXVIII | M. El Moutamid et al.[295] |
| i: 27 September 2011 p: 16 March 2026 | (unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2011 J 4 | — | — | Sheppard[296][297][298][299] |
| S/2011 J 5 | — | — | |||
| i: 12 May 2018 p: 16 March 2026 | S/2018 J 5 | — | — | ||
| i: 2 December 2024 p: 16 March 2026 | S/2024 J 1 | — | — | ||
| i: 24 June 2020 p: 16 March 2026 | (unnamed moons of Saturn) | S/2020 S 45 | — | — | Ashton et al.[300] |
| S/2020 S 48 | — | — | |||
| i: 27 June 2020 p: 16 March 2026 | S/2020 S 46 | — | — | ||
| i: 28 June 2020 p: 16 March 2026 | S/2020 S 47 | — | — | ||
| i: 15 August 2023 p: 16 March 2026 | S/2023 S 56 | — | — | ||
| S/2023 S 57 | — | — | |||
| i: 16 August 2023 p: 16 March 2026 | S/2023 S 51 | — | — | ||
| S/2023 S 54 | — | — | |||
| S/2023 S 55 | — | — | |||
| i: 15 September 2023 p: 16 March 2026 | S/2023 S 52 | — | — | ||
| S/2023 S 53 | — | — | |||
| i: 11 September 2010 p: 9 April 2026 | (unnamed moons of Jupiter) | S/2010 J 3 | — | — | Sheppard[301] |
| S/2010 J 4 | — | — | |||
| i: 20 October 2011 p: 9 April 2026 | S/2011 J 6 | — | — | ||
| i: 23 March 2017 p: 9 April 2026 | S/2017 J 12 | — | — | ||
| S/2017 J 13 | — | — | |||
| S/2017 J 14 | — | — | |||
| S/2017 J 15 | — | — | |||
| S/2017 J 16 | — | — | |||
| S/2017 J 17 | — | — | |||
| S/2017 J 18 | — | — | |||
| i: 8 September 2010 p: 9 April 2026 | S/2010 J 5 | — | — | Ashton, Beaudoin, Gladman, Deen[302] | |
| i: 12 September 2010 p: 9 April 2026 | S/2010 J 6 | — | — | Sheppard[303][304] | |
| i: 2 September 2021 p: 9 April 2026 | S/2021 J 7 | — | — | ||
| i: 5 September 2021 p: 9 April 2026 | S/2021 J 8 | — | — | Sheppard, Tholen, Trujillo[305] | |
| i: 15 August 2023 p: 9 April 2026 | (unnamed moons of Saturn) | S/2023 S 58 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen, Fraser, Lawler, Kavelaars[306][307][308][309][310] |
| S/2023 S 59 | — | — | |||
| i: 16 August 2023 p: 9 April 2026 | S/2023 S 60 | — | — | ||
| S/2023 S 61 | — | — | |||
| i: 15 September 2023 p: 9 April 2026 | S/2023 S 62 | — | — | ||
| i: 24 June 2020 p: 9 April 2026 | S/2020 S 49 | — | — | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen[311][312] | |
| i: 15 September 2023 p: 9 April 2026 | S/2023 S 63 | — | — | ||
| Date | Name | Temporary designation | Image | Permanent designation | Discoverer(s) and notes |
