User talk:Tdv123
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May 2013
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License tagging for File:Daily Mail covering the Old Bailey Bombing.jpeg
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License tagging for File:Daily Mirror covering the Old Bailey Bombing front page.jpeg
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The IRA's Balcombe Street Gang Unit
| The Balcombe Street Gang | |
|---|---|
| Part of the Troubles | |
| Location | England, mainly London |
| Date | October 1974 - December 1975 |
| Target | British Soldiers, Politicians, Businesses |
Attack type | Time bomb, Shooting, Throw Bomb |
| Deaths | 19 |
| Injured | 388 |
| Perpetrator | Provisional IRA |
The Balcombe Street Gang ASU was made up of mainly IRA Volunteers from the Irish Republic with clean police records as opposed to Volunteers from the North who were known to police.
Background
The Balcombe Street Unit is the most successful IRA unit ever to carry out a bombing campaign in England in particular London & even more particular London's "West End". They attacked several of their targets twice. In 1973, the IRA extended its what they termed "guerrilla" campaign to mainland Britain, attacking military and symbolically important targets to both increase pressure on the British government, via popular British opinion, to concede to their demand to withdraw from Northern Ireland & to maintain morale for IRA supporters as well. The bombing campaign by the IRA in England began on the 8th of March of 1973 when an 11 man & woman ASU (Active Service Unut) that included well known people now like The Price Sisters & Gerry Kelly bombed the Old Bailey, despite warnings 1 person died of a heart-attack & about 200 were injured some seriously.. The IRA always belived a 1 bomb in England was worth 30 in Belfast the huge media respones & discussion it had created by the Old Bailey was massive & seemed to prove the IRA's theory. The 11 man & woman IRA ASU was caught tho that day trying to leave England by plane to Ireland. Although the IRA achieved it's objective it was naive to try & leave the same as the British security forces would be all over escape routes from England. to Ireland. The IRA GHQ realized this mistake & decided instead of sending large 11or 10 people ASU's they would use smaller sleeper-cells of between 4 - 6 Volunteers. & the IRA attacks in England for the rest of 1973 started to become more professional & sophisticated, the next IRA attack on London happend on the 18th of August 1973 when two IRA firebombs exploded at Harrods Department store in London causing some damage but no injuries or deaths. This was the start of a prolonged bombing campaign in England as just four days later an IRA book bomb exploded at the Conservative Party Central Office in London injuring sveral people but not seriously. injuring anyone.
By 1974, mainland Britain saw an average of one attack—successful or otherwise—every three days. These attacks included five explosions which had occurred in Birmingham on 14 July which were possibly the first main attacks on the English Mid-Lands.
The bombing
After the 1975 PIRA/British Army truce began to break the IRA's Balcombe Street ASU stepped up its bombing and shooting campaign on mainland Britain. On the night of 18 November 1975 the unit picked Waltons Restaurant to bomb. Two civilians, Audrey Edgson (aged 45) and Theodore Williams (aged 49), were killed [1] when a bomb was thrown by one of the IRA Volunteers through the window of Walton’s Restaurant in Walton Street, Chelsea. The device, injured 23 other people, the oldest of them 71 years of age. In the bomb the IRA used miniature ball bearings to maximise injuries. This was a calculated bombing campaign aimed at destroying businesses and scaring customers in London's West End. Other previous attacks by the unit in 1975 included Scott’s Oyster Bar bombing on 12 November, the London Hilton bombing on 5 September and the Caterham_Arms_Pub_Bombing on 27 August. In total the unit carried out over 40 attacks on mainland Britain.[citation needed]
Aftermath
The IRA's units bombing campaign would continue until December 1975 when they were caught at the siege of Balcombe Street. ,[2] The unit would eventually end up planting close to 50 bombs in England and carried out several shootings which cost millions of pounds. In custody the ASU also admitted to carrying out the Guildford pub bombings and the Kings Arms, Woolwich bombing for which the Guildford Four had been arrested, and received lengthy jail terms.
