Xiapu dialect

Dialect of Eastern Min Chinese From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Xiapu dialect (Chinese: 霞浦話; pinyin: Xiápǔ huà; Bàng-uâ-cê: Hà-puō-uâ) is a dialect of Eastern Min Chinese spoken in Xiapu, Ningde in northeastern Fujian province of China.

NativetoSouthern China
RegionXiapu, Ningde, Fujian
Early forms
Quick facts Native to, Region ...
Xiapu
霞浦話
Native toSouthern China
RegionXiapu, Ningde, Fujian
Early forms
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
GlottologNone
Linguasphere79-AAA-ibe
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Phonology

The Xiapu dialect has 15 initials, 43 rimes and 7 tones.

Initials

More information Bilabial, Dental ...
Bilabial Dental Alveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal m
蒙		 n
日		 ŋ
語
Stop Aspirated pʰ
波		 tʰ
他		 kʰ
氣
Tenuis p
邊		 t
低		 k
求		 ʔ
鶯
Fricative (β) θ
時		 (ʒ) x
喜
Affricate Aspirated ʦʰ
出
Tenuis ʦ
曾
Lateral l
柳
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Rimes

aiauaaiauuai
aŋiaŋuaŋaiŋɔuŋ
aʔiaʔuaʔaiʔɔuʔ
ɛ, ɔɛu
ɔʔ
e, oøoieu
eiŋ, ouŋyoŋ
eiʔ, ouʔøʔ, yoʔ
uiuui
uŋyuŋ
uʔyuʔ
i, y
iŋ
iʔ

Tones

More information No., Tone name ...
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Tone name dark level
陰平		 light level
陽平		 rising
上聲		 dark departing
陰去		 light departing
陽去		 dark entering
陰入		 light entering
陽入
Tone contour ˦ (44) ˨ (22) ˦˨ (42) ˧˥ (35) ˨˩˨ (212) ˥ (5) ˨ (2)
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Initial assimilation

The two-syllable initial assimilation rules are shown in the table below:

More information The Coda of the Former Syllable, The Initial Assimilation of the Latter Syllable ...
The Coda of the Former Syllable The Initial Assimilation of the Latter Syllable
Null coda or /-ʔ/
  • /p/, /pʰ/ change to /β/;
  • /t/, /tʰ/, /θ/ change to /l/;
  • /x/ change to the null initial;
  • /ʦ/ and /ʦʰ/ change to /ʒ/;
  • /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /k/, /kʰ/, /l/ and the null initial remain unchanged.
/-ŋ/
  • /p/ and /pʰ/ change to /m/;
  • /t/, /tʰ/, /θ/ change to /n/;
  • /k/, /kʰ/, /x/ and the null initial change to /ŋ/;
  • /ʦ/ and /ʦʰ/ change to /ʒ/;
  • /m/, /n/ and /ŋ/, /l/ remain unchanged.
/-k̚/ All initials remain unchanged.
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Tone sandhi

The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below:

More information the second syllable, the first syllable ...
the second syllable
the first syllable dark level
44		 light level
22		 rising
42		 dark departing
35		 light departing
212		 dark entering
5		 light entering
2
dark departing
35		 55 51
dark entering
5
rising
42		 51 5
dark level
44		 44
light departing
212
light entering
2
light level
22		 22
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Notes

  1. [a]
    Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.[1][2][3]

References

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