Xianyou dialect

Pu–Xian Min Chinese dialect From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Xianyou dialect (Pu–Xian Min: Sing-iú-uā / 仙遊話; [ɬiŋ˨ iu˨˦ ua˨˩]) is a dialect of Pu–Xian Min Chinese spoken in Xianyou, Putian in the southeast coast of Fujian province, China.

NativetoSouthern China
RegionXianyou, Putian, Fujian
Early forms
Quick facts Putian, Native to ...
Putian
Sing-iú-uā / 仙遊話
Native toSouthern China
RegionXianyou, Putian, Fujian
Early forms
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Glottologxian1252
Linguasphere79-AAA-ida
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
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TraditionalChinese仙遊話
SimplifiedChinese仙游话
Hanyu PinyinXiānyóuhuà
Hanyu PinyinXiānyóuhuà
Quick facts Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese ...
Xianyou dialect
Traditional Chinese仙遊話
Simplified Chinese仙游话
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinXiānyóuhuà
Pu-Xian Min
Hinghwa BUCSing-iú-uā
([ɬiŋ˨˨ iu˨˦ ua˨˩])
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Phonology

The Xianyou dialect has 15 initials, 45 rimes and 7 tones.

Initials

More information Bilabial, Alveolar ...
  BilabialAlveolarLateralVelarGlottal
Stop Unaspirated voiceless p 巴 t 打 k 家 ʔ 烏
Aspirated voiceless pʰ 彭 tʰ 他 kʰ 卡
Nasal m 麻 n 拿 ŋ 雅
Fricative Voiceless ɬ 沙 h 下
Voiced β* ɣ*
Affricate Unaspirated voiceless ts 渣
Aspirated voiceless tsʰ 査
Approximant l 拉
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Rimes

a 鴉 ã 平 au 拗 aŋ 江 aʔ 壓
ɒ 奥 ɒ̃ 泛 ɒŋ 王 ɒʔ 屋
o 科 ɔu 烏
e 裔 ai 愛 ɛŋ 煙 ɛʔ 黑
ø 改
ŋ 伓
i 衣 ĩ 反 iu 油 iũ 張 iŋ 引 iʔ 益
ia 夜 iã 丙 ieu 要 iɛŋ 鹽 iɛʔ 葉
u 夫 ui 位 uĩ 風
ua 画 uoi 歪 uã 搬 uaŋ 碗 uoʔ 活
y 余 ỹ 頓 yŋ 恩 yʔ 役
ya 鵝 yã 然 yøŋ 羊 yøʔ 藥

Tones

More information No., Tones ...
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Tones dark level
陰平		 light level
陽平		 rising
上聲		 dark departing
陰去		 light departing
陽去		 dark entering
陰入		 light entering
陽入
Tone contour ˥˦˦ (544) ˨˦ (24) ˧˧˨ (332) ˥˨ (52) ˨˩ (21) ʔ˨ (ʔ2) ʔ˦ (ʔ4)
Example Hanzi 詩巴 時爬 始把 試霸 寺罷 濕北 實拔
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Assimilation

More information Coda of the Former Syllable, Initial of the Latter Syllable ...
Coda of
the Former Syllable		 Initial of
the Latter Syllable		 Assimilation Coda of
the Former Syllable		 Initial of
the Latter Syllable
Group A Open syllable /p/, /pʰ/ → remain unchanged /β/, /ɣ/
/t/, /tʰ/, /ts/, /tsʰ/, /ɬ/ /l/
/k/, /kʰ/, /h/ /ɣ/
Group B /-ŋ/ (nasal coda) /p/, /pʰ/ /-m/ /m/
/t/, /tʰ/, /ts/, /tsʰ/, /l/, /ɬ/ /-n/ /n/, remain unchanged
/k/, /kʰ/, /h/, null initial remain unchanged, or /-n/ /ŋ/, /n/
/m/, /n/, /ŋ/ /-m/, /-n/, /-ŋ/ remain unchanged
Group C /-ʔ/ (glottal coda) /p/, /pʰ/, /m/ /-p̚/ remain unchanged
/t/, /tʰ/, /ts/, /tsʰ/, /ɬ/, /l/, /n/ /-t̚/
/k/, /kʰ/, /ŋ/, /h/ /-k̚/
null initial /-ʔ/
Group E Open syllable /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ nasalization remain unchanged
nasalized rime nasalization
nasalized rime remain unchanged /n/
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Tone sandhi

The Xianyou dialect has extremely extensive tone sandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules.

The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable):

Tone sandhi of the first syllable
dark level
544		 light level
24		 rising
332		 dark departing
52		 light departing
21		 dark entering
ʔ2		 light entering
ʔ4
dark level
544		 24 22 24 22
light level
24		 22 44 52 22
rising
332		 24 44 24
dark departing
52		 44 33 44 52 44
light departing
21		 22 44 52 22
dark entering
ʔ2		 ʔ4
light entering
ʔ4		 ʔ2 ʔ4 ʔ2

Notes

  1. [a]
    Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.[1][2][3]

References

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