Benutzer:Bertonymus

Fußnote und Quellenangaben

Im Artikel Brustkrebs findet man eine tolles Beispiel zur Präsentation einer umfangreicher Literaturliste (mit Scrollbalken) - wurde wohl geändert... Bei Prostatakrebs findet man jedenfalls auch Beispiele für eine Mehrfachreferenzierung (z.B.: "A. E. Apolo et al.: Novel tracers and their development for the imaging of metastatic prostate cancer. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. (2008) 49:2031-2041. PMID 18997047" wird zweimal zitiert)

Bei online Vorab-Veröffentlichungen ohne PMID hängt man das DOI wie folgt an doi:10.1126/science.1173826 - einfach das ding innerhalb der geschweiften Doppelklammern hinter die erste Doppelklammner und direkt vor </ref>.

Vorlage zum zitieren von

• Journals^[15],^[16]
• Journal alternativ^[17],
• Webseitenvorlage^[18],
• Nachrichten^[19]
• Büchern (vorläufig)^[2] bzw. ^[20]

Kann man auch mehrfach^[21] zitieren, ohne dass sie in der referenzliste doppelt erscheinen!

Einzelnachweise (scollbar)

Vorlage zum zitieren von

• Journals^[1],
• Webseitenvorlage^[2],
• Nachrichten^[3]
• Büchern (vorläufig)^[4] bzw. ^[5]

Einzelnachweise (Standard)

1. [1]

   Mustermann, R. et al.: Vorlage zum zitieren von Journals. In: Ann Rheum Dis. 68. Jahrgang, Nr. 787, 2009, S. 1081–1082, PMID 19525405.
2. [2]

   Vorlage zum zitieren von Webseiten. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, abgerufen am 5. Februar 2007.
3. [3]

   David Kerley: Vorlage zum zitieren von Nachrichten (news), ABC News, March 23 2007. Abgerufen am 23. März 2007
4. [4]

   C. A. Edwards & P. J. Bohlen: Biology and Ecology of Earthworms. Chapmann & Hall, London (1996)
5. [5]

   Heiko Bellmann: Der Neue Kosmos Schmetterlingsführer, Schmetterlinge, Raupen und Futterpflanzen. Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-440-09330-1, S. 150

Quellenangaben wurden früher in der deutschen Wikipedia missbilligt und erst spät aus der englischen Wikipedia übernommen Vorlage:Ref. Dies geschah u.a. in Reaktion auf einen Artikel des Journalisten Seigenthaler Vorlage:Ref, wie auch im Buch von Max Mustermann beschrieben Vorlage:Ref2.
Auch Google führt zu Max Mustermann Vorlage:Ref, jedoch muß man hierbei wegen der Sonderzeichen in der Fußnote, wozu = oder ? zählen, nach dem zweiten senkrechten Strich ein '2=' einfügen.

1. Vorlage:Fußnote
2. Vorlage:Fußnote
3. Vorlage:Fußnote

Zur Verwendung dieser Vorlage siehe Quellenangaben.

Wenn Quellenangaben mangelhaft sind oder fehlen: {Quelle} => aber 2x geschweifte Klammer!

Lückenhinweis

{{Lückenhaft|Formen im Investitionsgütervertrieb und im Konsumgütervertrieb}}

Spezialseite "Verwendung in der Wikipedia"

Listet alle internen Links auf eine bestimmte Seite auf (hier am Bsp. von "Grau"):

http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Whatlinkshere&target=Grau

Diagramme

Horizontaler zeitverlauf: siehe Deep Purple!

Anmerkung: Rest der EU-27 umfasst Belgien, Bulgarien, Dänemark, Estland, Finnland, Griechenland, Irland, Lettland, Litauen, Luxemburg, Malta, die Niederlanden, Österreich, Polen, Portugal, Rumänien, Slovakai, Slowenien, Schweden, die Tschechische Republik, Ungarn und Zypern.

Liste

Aktivisten und Bürgerrechtler

• Pietro Acciarito (1871–1943): Italienischer anarchistischer [Aktivist]] welcher plante König Umberto I zu ermorden.^[7]
• Zackie Achmat (1962—): südafrikanischer anti-HIV/AIDS Aktivist; seit 1998 Gründer sowie Vorsitzender der Treatment Action Campaign (TAC), die sich für Aidserkrankte einsetzt.^[8]
• Ayaan Hirsi Ali (1969—): Dänische Feministin und Politikerin.^[9]
• Natalie Angier (1958—): Non-fiction writer and science journalist for The New York Times; 1991 winner of Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting.^[10]
• Dan Barker (1949—): American atheist activist.^[11]
• Richard Carrier (1969—): historian, philosopher and atheist activist.^[12]
• Emma Goldman (1869–1940): Lithuanian-born radical, known for her writings and speeches defending anarchist communism, feminism and atheism.^[13]
• George Holyoake (1817–1906): English secularist, the last person in England to be imprisoned (1842) for being an atheist.^[14]
• Ellen Johnson: current president of American Atheists.^[15]
• Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921): Russian anarchist communist activist and geographer, best known for his book, Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution, which refutes social Darwinism.^[16]
• Taslima Nasrin (1962—): Bangladeshi physician, writer, feminist human rights activist and secular humanist.^[17]
• Michael Newdow (1953—): American physician and attorney, who sued a school district on the grounds that its requirement that children recite the U.S. Pledge of Allegiance, containing the words "under God," breached the separation-of-church-and-state provision in the establishment clause of the United States Constitution.^[18]
• Madalyn Murray O'Hair (1919–1995): founder of American Atheists, campaigner for the separation of church and state; filed the lawsuit that led the US Supreme Court to ban teacher-led prayer and Bible reading in public schools.^[19]
• James Randi, (1928—) magician, debunker and founder of the James Randi Educational Foundation.^[20]
• Margaret Sanger (1879–1966): American birth-control activist, founder of the American Birth Control League, a forerunner to Planned Parenthood. The masthead motto of her newsletter, The Woman Rebel, read: "No Gods, No Masters."^[21]
• Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (1883–1966): Indian revolutionary freedom fighter, and Hindu nationalist leader.^[22]
• Bhagat Singh (1907–1931): Indian revolutionary freedom fighter.^[23]
• Barbara Smoker (1923—): British humanist activist and freethought advocate. Wrote the book Freethoughts: Atheism, Secularism, Humanism – Selected Egotistically from The Freethinker.^[24]
• David Suzuki (1936—): Canadian university professor, science broadcaster and environmental activist.^[25]
• Polly Toynbee (1946—): columnist for The Guardian.^[26]

Schriftsteller

• Douglas Adams (1952–2001): britischer Schriftsteller, Autor von The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.^[27]
• Jorge Amado: Brasilianischer Schriftsteller und einer der bedeutendsten lateinamerikanischen Autoren des 20. Jahrhunderts.^[28]
• Isaac Asimov (1920–1992): Russian-born American author of science fiction and popular science books.^[29]
• Dave Barry (1947–): American humor columnist and author of Big Trouble, among others.^[30]
• Ambrose Bierce (1842–1914?): American writer, author of The Devil's Dictionary.^[31]
• Marshall Brain (1961–) Author of WhyWontGodHealAmputees.com and GodIsImaginary.com and HowStuffWorks founder
• Sir Arthur C. Clarke (1917—): British scientist and science-fiction author.^[32]
• Vardis Fisher (1895–1968): American writer, scholar. Author of atheistic Testament of Man series.^[33]
• Nadine Gordimer (1923—): South African writer and political activist. Her writing has long dealt with moral and racial issues, particularly apartheid in South Africa. She won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1991.^[34][35]
• Jan Guillou (1944—): Swedish author and Journalist.^[36]
• Sam Harris (1967—): American author, researcher in neuroscience, author of The End of Faith and Letter to a Christian Nation.^[37]
• Harry Harrison (1925—): American science fiction author, anthologist and artist whose short story "The Streets of Ashkelon" took as its hero an atheist who tries to prevent a Christian missionary from indoctrinating a tribe of irreligious but ingenuous alien beings.^[38]
• Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961): American novelist, short story writer and journalist.^[39]
• Christopher Hitchens (1949—): Author, journalist and essayist.^[40]
• Michel Houellebecq (1958—): French novelist.^[41]
• S. T. Joshi (1958—): American editor and literary critic.^[42]
• Ludovic Kennedy (1919—): British journalist, author, and campaigner for voluntary euthanasia.^[43]
• Pär Lagerkvist (1891–1974): Swedish author who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1951. He used religious motifs and figures from the Christian tradition without following the doctrines of the church.^[44]
• Rutka Laskier (1929–1943): Polish Jew who was killed at Auschwitz concentration camp at the age of 14. Because of her diary, on display at Israel's Holocaust museum, she has been dubbed the "Polish Anne Frank." ^[45]
• Stanislaw Lem (1921–2006): Polish science fiction novelist and essayist.^[46]
• Giacomo Leopardi (1798–1837): Italian poet, linguist, essayist and philosopher. Leopardi is legendary as an out-and-out nihilist.^[47]
• Primo Levi (1919–1987): Italian novelist and chemist, survivor of Auschwitz concentration camp.^[48]
• Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742 - 1799): German scientist, satirist, philosopher and anglophile. Known as one of Europe's best authors of aphorisms. Satirized religion using aphorisms like "I thank the Lord a thousand times for having made me become an atheist."^[49]
• Pierre Loti (1850–1923): French novelist and travel writer.^[50]
• Joseph McCabe (1867–1955): English writer, anti-religion campaigner.^[51]
• Ian McEwan, CBE (1948—): British author and winner of the Man Booker Prize.^[52]
• China Miéville (1972—): British Science Fiction author.^[53]
• David Mills (author) (1959—): Author who argues in his book Atheist Universe that science and religion cannot be successfully reconciled.^[54]
• Camille Paglia (1947—): American post-feminist literary and cultural critic.^[55]
• Harold Pinter (1930—): British playwright, screenwriter, poet, actor, director, author, and political activist, best known for his plays The Birthday Party (1957), The Caretaker (1959), The Homecoming (1964), and Betrayal (1978). Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2005.^[56]
• Terry Pratchett (1948—): English Fantasy author known for his satirical Discworld series.^[57]
• Philip Pullman (1946—): CBE, British author of His Dark Materials fantasy trilogy for young adults, which have atheism as a major theme.^[58]
• Ayn Rand (1905–1982): Russian-born American author and founder of Objectivism.^[59]
• Ron Reagan (1958—): American magazine journalist, board member of the politically activist Creative Coalition, son of former U. S. President Ronald Reagan.^[60]
• Salman Rushdie (1947—): Indian-born British essayist and author of fiction.^[61]
• José Saramago (1922—): Portuguese writer, playwright and journalist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1998.^[62]
• Dan Savage (1964—): Author and sex advice columnist.^[63] Despite his atheism, Savage considers himself Catholic "in a cultural sense."^[64]
• George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950): Irish playwright, only person to have been awarded both a Nobel Prize (Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925) and an Oscar (Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay in 1939 for Pygmalion).^[65][66]
• Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822): British Romantic poet, contemporary and associate of John Keats and Lord Byron, and author of The Necessity of Atheism.^[67]
• Warren Allen Smith (1921—): Author of Who's Who in Hell.^[68]
• Kurt Vonnegut (1922–2007): American author, writer of Cat's Cradle, among other books. Vonnegut said "I am an atheist (or at best a Unitarian who winds up in churches quite a lot)."^[21]
• Ibn Warraq (1946—): Best-selling author and secularist scholar of Islam currently living in the United States. He is a Muslim apostate and an outspoken critic of Islam who has written extensively on what he views as the oppressive nature of Islam.^[69]
• Gao Xingjian (1940—): Chinese émigré novelist, dramatist, critic, translator, stage director and painter. Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2000.^[70]

Wirtschaft

• Stephen Girard (1750—1831): French sailor turned American banker and philanthropist.^[71]
• Graeme Samuel : Australian businessman, currently serving as the chairman of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission.^[72]
• Christer Sturmark (1964—): Swedish IT entrepreneur and chairman of The Swedish Humanist Organisation.^[73]

Humoristen und Komiker

• Wil Anderson (1974—): Australian television, radio and stand-up comedian, former host of ABC's The Glass House.^[74]
• Woody Allen (1935—): American film director, actor and comedian. Allen said that "To you I'm an atheist; to God, I'm the Loyal Opposition."^[75]
• Matt Besser (1967—): American comedian^[76]
• George Carlin (1937—): American comedian, actor and author; outspoken atheist who has described religion as being "the greatest bullshit story ever told," that "there's an invisible man living in the sky."^[77]
• Adam Carolla (1964—): American comedian, actor and comedy writer.^[78]
• Jimmy Carr (1972—): British comedian.^[79]
• David Cross (1964—): American actor and comedian.^[80]
• Janeane Garofalo (1964—): American actor and comedian.^[81]
• Ricky Gervais (1961—): British comedian and actor, co-creator of the original version of The Office.^[82][83]
• Kathy Griffin (1963—): American comedian.^[84]
• Robin Ince (1969—): British comedian. (According to his official^[85] MySpace page^[86])
• Patton Oswalt (1969—): American actor and comedian.^[87]
• Julia Sweeney (1959—): American actor and comedian. Alumna of Saturday Night Live, author/performer of a one-woman autobiographical stage show about finding atheism: Letting Go of God.^[88]
• Gene Weingarten (1951—): Humor writer for The Washington Post.^[89]

Film, Radio und Fernsehen

• Phillip Adams (1939—): Australian broadcaster, writer, film-maker, left-wing radical thinker and iconoclast. He was the Australian Humanist of the Year in 1987.^[90]
• Brannon Braga (1965–): American TV producer and writer, creator of Star Trek: Enterprise.^[91]
• Derren Brown (1971–): English psychological illusionist, mentalist, and skeptic of paranormal phenomena. Professed to being an atheist in his book Tricks of the Mind and described Bertrand Russell's collection of essays Why I Am Not a Christian "an absolute joy."
• Luis Buñuel (1900–1983): Spanish-born Mexican film-maker, activist of the surrealist movement. Known for his one-liner, "Thank God I'm still an atheist."^[92]
• Adam Carolla (1964—): American comedic radio personality and television personality, best known for co-hosting the radio program Loveline and the television series The Man Show.^[93]
• Stanley Donen (1924—): American film director, best known for his musicals including Seven Brides for Seven Brothers and Singin' in the Rain; awarded honorary Academy Award for lifetime achievement.^[94]
• Paul Giamatti (1967—): American film and television actor.^[95]
• Katharine Hepburn (1907–2003): American actress who appeared in 53 films from 1932 to 1994; winner of four Academy Awards for Best Actress.^[96]
• John Humphrys (1943—): British radio and television presenter who hosted a series of programmes interviewing religious leaders, Humphrys in Search of God.^[97]
• Penn Jillette (1955—): American magician, co-host of the television show Bullshit!, on which he has identified himself as an atheist and criticized various religious beliefs.^[98] He has also taken the Blasphemy Challenge.
• Skandar Keynes (1991—): English actor (Chronicles of Narnia films).^[99]
• Michael Kinsley (1951—): American political journalist, commentator, and television host.^[100]
• Tom Leykis (1956—): radio talk-show host.^[101]
• Paul Mazursky (1930—): American director, producer and actor.^[102]
• Sir Ian McKellen (1939—): English Stage and Screen Actor.^[103]
• Stephen Merchant (1974—): British actor and writer, co-creator of The Office.^[104][105]
• George Meyer (1956—): Producer and writer for The Simpsons.^[106]
• Cillian Murphy (1976—): Irish stage and screen actor.^[107]
• Sarah Polley (1979—): Canadian actress and director.^[108]
• Steven Soderbergh (1963—): American filmmaker, Academy Award-winning director of such films as Traffic, Erin Brockovich, Ocean's Eleven, and Sex, Lies and Videotape.^[109]
• Robert Smith (1972—): former Minnesota Vikings running back and NFL Network football analyst.^[110]
• J. Michael Straczynski (1954—): American writer and producer, creator of Babylon 5.^[111]
• Teller (magician) (1948—): American magician, co-host of the television show Bullshit!.^[98]
• Joss Whedon (1964—): American screenwriter and director, most famous for creating Buffy the Vampire Slayer.^[112]
• Gene Wilder (1933—): American actor best known for his role as Willy Wonka.^[113]

Philosophie

• A. J. Ayer (1910–1989): Philosopher and advocate of logical positivism. Ayer was not an atheist in the sense of asserting that God does not exist, since he viewed such a claim as meaningless. However, he has been classified as a "practical atheist," who finds no reason to worship a deity whose existence cannot be verified.^[127][128]
• Mikhail Bakunin (1814–1876): Russian philosopher, writer and anarchist.^[129]
• Albert Camus (1913–1960): French philosopher and novelist, a luminary of existentialism. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1957.^[130][21]
• Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970): German philosopher who was active in central Europe before 1935 and in the United States thereafter. He was a leading member of the Vienna Circle and a prominent advocate of logical positivism.^[131]
• Benedetto Croce (1886–1952): Italian philosopher and public figure.^[132]
• Daniel Dennett (1942—): American philosopher, author of Breaking the Spell.^[133]
• Diagoras (5th century BCE): Ancient Greek poet and sophist known as the Atheist of Milos, who declared that there were no Gods.^[134]
• Denis Diderot (1713–84): editor-in-chief of the Encyclopédie, who succeeded in bringing about "a revolution in men's minds."^[135]
• Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach (1804–1872): German philosopher whose major work, The Essence of Christianity, maintains that religion and divinity are projections of human nature.^[136]
• Claude Adrien Helvétius (1715–71): French philosopher whose ethical and social views helped shape the school of utilitarianism later made famous by Jeremy Bentham.^[135]
• Baron d'Holbach (1723–89): French philosopher and encyclopedist, most famous as being one of the first outspoken atheists in Europe.^[137]
• Paul Kurtz (1925–): Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University at Buffalo (SUNY).^[138]
• John Leslie Mackie (1917–1981): Australian philosopher who specialized in meta-ethics as a proponent of moral skepticism. Wrote The Miracle of Theism, discussing arguments for and against theism and concluding that theism is rationally untenable.^[139]
• Karl Marx (1818–83): German author of Das Kapital, known for his assertion that "Religion is... the opium of the people."^[140]
• Jean Meslier (1678–1733): French village Catholic priest who was found, on his death, to have written a book-length philosophical essay, entitled Common Sense but commonly referred to as Meslier's Testament, promoting atheism.^[141][142]
• Julien Offray de La Mettrie (1709–51): French physician and philosopher, earliest materialist writer of the Enlightenment, claimed as a founder of cognitive science.^[143]
• Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900): German philosopher whose Beyond Good and Evil sought to refute traditional notions of morality. Nietzsche penned a memorable secular statement of the Doctrine of Eternal Recurrence in Thus Spake Zarathustra and is forever associated with the phrase, "God is dead" (first seen in his book, The Gay Science).^[144]
• Piergiorgio Odifreddi (1950—): Italian mathematician, philosopher and science writer.^[145]
• Bertrand Russell, (1872–1970): British philosopher and mathematician. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950. Though he considered himself an agnostic in a purely philosophical context, he said that the label atheist conveyed a more accurate understanding of his views in a popular context.^[146]
• Michael Schmidt-Salomon (1967—), deutscher Autor philosophischer und belletristischer Aufsätze und Bücher, Musiker und Public Relations-Manager und Mitglied der Brights-Bewegung. ^[147]
• Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980): French existentialist philosopher, dramatist and novelist who declared that he had been an atheist from age twelve.^[148] Although he regarded God as a self-contradictory concept, he still thought of it as an ideal toward which people strive.^[149] He rejected the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1964. According to Sartre, his most-repeated summary of his existentialist philosophy, "Existence precedes essence," implies that humans must abandon traditional notions of having been designed by a divine creator.^[150]
• Peter Singer (1946—): Australian utilitarian philosopher, proponent of animal rights, and Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University.^[151]
• Max Stirner (1806–1856): German-born anarchist philosopher and author of The Ego and Its Own
• Sherwin Wine (1928—2007): Founder of the non-theistic Society for Humanistic Judaism, who has also called himself an "ignostic".^[152]
• Slavoj Žižek (1949—): Slovenian sociologist, postmodern philosopher, and cultural critic.^[153]

Politik und Rechtswesen

• Shulamit Aloni (1928—): Israelischer Politiker und Aktivist des linken Flügels. Israelische Bildungsministerin von 1992 to 1993.^[154]
• Charles Bradlaugh (1833–1891): Political activist and one of the most famous English atheists of the 19th century.^[155]
• Alastair Campbell (1957—): Director of Communications and Strategy for the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2003.^[156][157]
• Robin Cook (1946–2005): Secretary of State for Foreign & Commonwealth Affairs of the UK (1997–2001), whose funeral service was held in the High Kirk of Scotland, where he was described as a "Presbyterian atheist."^[158]
• Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807–1882) Leader of the Italian Risorgimento, unifier of Italy, "Hero of the Two Worlds".^[159]
• Mikhail Gorbachow (1931—): Früherer Präsident der Soviet Union und Gewinner des Friedens-Nobelpreises im Jahr 1990.^{[160][161][162]}
• Enver Hoxha: (1908–1985): Communist ruler who declared Albania the first atheist state, and who has been identified as an "arch-atheist."^[163][164]
• M. Karunanidhi (1924—): Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.^[165][166]
• Aleksander Kwaśniewski (1954—): Former President of Poland (1995-2005).^[167]
• Vladimir Ilyich Lenin Marxist revolutionary, Bolshevik Leader and President of the All Russian Congress of Peoples' Soviets. Lenin considered atheist propaganda to be essential to promoting communism.^[168]
• Alexander Lukashenko (1954—): President of Belarus, self-described "Russian Orthodox atheist."^[169]
• Mo Mowlam (1949–2005): Former Secretary of State for Northern Ireland.^[170]
• Culbert Olson (1876–1962): American politician and Governor of California (1939–1943).^[171]
• Stalin (1879–1953): Soviet head of state.^[172]
• Pete Stark, D.-Calif. (1931—): U.S. Representative; first openly nontheistic member of Congress.^[173]
• Peter Tatchell, human rights activist^[174]
• Leon Trotsky, marxist theorist^[175]
• Bengt Westerberg (1943—): Swedish politician, leader of the Liberal People's Party from 1983 to 1995. Minister for Social Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister from 1991 to 1994. Currently holds office as the Deputy President of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in Geneva, Switzerland.^[176]

Wissenschaft und Technik

Datei:Stevewozniak.jpg

• Peter Atkins (1940—): Professor of chemistry at Lincoln College, Oxford in the University of Oxford, England. Also a prolific writer of popular chemistry textbooks. ^[177]

• Paul D. Boyer (1918—): American biochemist and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry in 1997.^[178]
• Sean M. Carroll (1956—): Theoretical cosmologist specializing in dark energy and general relativity.^[179]
• Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910–1995): Indian American astrophysicist known for his theoretical work on the structure and evolution of stars. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983.^[180]
• Richard Dawkins (1941—): British zoologist, biologist, creator of the concepts of the selfish gene and the meme; outspoken atheist and popularizer of science, author of The God Delusion and founder of the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science.^[181]
• Paul Dirac (1902–1984): British theoretical physicist, founder of quantum mechanics, predicted the existence of antimatter; won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933.^[182][183]
• Richard Feynman (1918–1988): American theoretical physicist, best known for his work in renormalizing Quantum electrodynamics and his path integral formulation of Quantum Mechanics . He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965.^[184]
• Sigmund Freud (1856–1939): Father of psychoanalysis.^[185]
• Christer Fuglesang (1957—), Swedish astronaut and physicist.^[186]
• Vitaly Ginzburg (1916—): Russian theoretical physicist and astrophysicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003. He was also awarded the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1994/95.^[187]
• G. H. Hardy (1877–1947): a prominent English mathematician, known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis.^[188][189]
• Frédéric Joliot-Curie (1900–1958): French physicist and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry in 1935.^[190]
• Harold Kroto (1939—): 1996 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry.^[191]
• Alfred Kinsey (1894–1956): American biologist, sexologist and professor of entomology and zoology.^[192]
• Richard Leakey (1944—): Kenyan paleontologist, archaeologist and conservationist.^[193]
• Ernst Mayr (1904–2005): a renowned taxonomist, tropical explorer, ornithologist, historian of science, and naturalist. He was one of the 20th century's leading evolutionary biologists.^[194]
• Jonathan Miller (1934—): British physician, actor, theatre and opera director, and television presenter. Wrote and presented the 2004 television series, Atheism: A Rough History of Disbelief, exploring the roots of his own atheism and investigating the history of atheism in the world.^[195]
• Peter D. Mitchell (1920–1992): 1978-Nobel-laureate British biochemist. Atheist mother, and himself atheist from age 15.^[196]
• Jacques Monod (1910–1976): French biologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965 for discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis.^[197]
• Fritz Müller (1821–1897): German biologist who emigrated to Brazil, where he studied the natural history of the Amazon rainforest and was an early advocate of evolutionary theory.^[198]
• Hermann Joseph Muller (1890–1967): American geneticist and educator, best known for his work on the physiological and genetic effects of radiation (X-ray mutagenesis). He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1946.^[199]
• PZ Myers (1957—) American biology professor at the University of Minnesota and a science blogger via his blog, Pharyngula.^[200]
• Paul Nurse (1949—): 2001 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine.^[201]
• Linus Pauling (1901–1994): Nobel Laureate in Chemistry (1954) and Peace (1962); considered by many to be the greatest chemist of the 20th century.^[183]
• Steven Pinker (1954—): Canadian born American psychologist.^[202]
• Richard J. Roberts (1943—): British biochemist and molecular biologist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1993 for the discovery of introns in eukaryotic DNA and the mechanism of gene-splicing.^{[203][204][205]}
• Amartya Kumar Sen (1933—): 1998 Nobel Laureate in Economics.^{[206][207][208][209]}
• Claude Shannon (1916–2001): American electrical engineer and mathematician, has been called "the father of information theory", and was the founder of practical digital circuit design theory.^[210]
• Michael Smith (1932–2000): British-born Canadian biochemist and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry in 1993.^[211]
• Richard Stallman (1953—): American software freedom activist, hacker, and software developer.^[212]
• Victor J. Stenger (1935—): emeritus professor of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Hawaii and adjunct professor of Philosophy at the University of Colorado. Author of the book God: The Failed Hypothesis.^[213]
• Leonard Susskind (1940—): American theoretical physicist; a founding father of superstring theory and professor of theoretical physics at Stanford University.^[214]
• Linus Torvalds (1969—): Finnish software engineer, creator of the Linux kernel.^[215]
• Alan Turing (1912–1954): English mathematician, logician, and cryptographer. Turing is often considered to be the father of modern computer science. The Turing Award, often recognized as the "Nobel Prize of computing", is named after him.^[216][217]
• James D. Watson (1928—): 1962-Nobel-laureate co-discover of the structure of DNA.^[218][219]
• Steven Weinberg (1933—): American theoretical physicist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979 for combining electromagnetism and the weak force into the electroweak force.^[220][221]
• David Sloan Wilson (1949—): American evolutionary biologist, son of Sloan Wilson, proponent of multilevel selection theory and author of several popular books on evolution.^[222]
• Steve Wozniak (1950—): co-founder of Apple Computer and inventor of the Apple I and Apple II.^[223]

Einzelnachweise

1. [1]

   Verschiedene Wörterbücher geben eine Reihe von Definitionen für Unglauben an, from "lack of belief" to "doubt" and "withholding of belief" to "rejection of belief", "refusal to believe", and "denial". Vorlage:Ref harvard
2. [2]

   "The average theologian (there are exceptions, of course) uses 'atheist' to mean a person who denies the existence of a God."Vorlage:Ref harvard
3. [3]

   "Atheism is fundamentally a rejection of belief in any God. It is more than a simple lack of belief, as children and some members of tribal societies may not believe out of ignorance." Vorlage:Ref harvard
4. [4]

   "Atheists are people who do not believe in a god or gods (or other immaterial beings), or who believe that these concepts are not meaningful. Some atheists put it more firmly and believe that god or gods do not exist." Vorlage:Ref harvard
5. [5]

   "The broader, and more common, understanding of atheism among atheists is quite simply 'not believing in any gods.' No claims or denials are made—an atheist is just a person who does not happen to be a theist." Vorlage:Ref harvard
6. [6]

   "[Most atheists] would hold that an atheist is a person without a belief in God. The distiniction is small but important. Denying something means that you have knowledge of what it is that you are being asked to affirm, but that you have rejected that particular concept. To be without a belief in God merely means that the term 'god' has no importance or possibly no meaning to you. Belief in God is not a factor in your life. Surely this is quite different from denying the existence of God. Atheism is not a belief as such. It is the lack of belief." Vorlage:Ref harvard
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    Conrad F. Goeringer: The Murray O’Hair Family. American Atheists, abgerufen am 13. Dezember 2006. Fehler beim Aufruf der Vorlage:Cite web: Der Parameter Datum hat ungültigen Wert.
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    Bhagat Singh: Why I Am An Atheist. Boloji Media Inc, 18. Juni 2002, abgerufen am 11. April 2007: „I had become a pronounced atheist.“
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     From the March 2001 issue of Kerrang magazine: ""Being an atheist means you have to realise that when you die, that really is it. You've got to make the most of what you've got here and spread as much influence as you can. I believe that you only live through the influence that you spread, whether that means having a kid or making music."
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Notes

Vorlage:Reflist

References

Siehe auch

• Liste bekannter Agnostiker
• Liste bekannter Humanisten
• Liste atheistischer Organisationen

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