1923

1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1923rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 923rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 23rd year of the 20th century, and the 4th year of the 1920s decade. As of the start of 1923, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was relegated that February to use only by churches after Greece adopted the Gregorian calendar.

From top to bottom, left to right: The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing over 100,000 and leveling much of the region; the Population exchange between Greece and Turkey under the Treaty of Lausanne forcibly relocates 1.5 million people, reshaping both nations’ demographics; Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic renders the German mark nearly worthless, causing widespread economic and social upheaval; the Occupation of the Ruhr by French and Belgian forces begins over World War I reparations, worsening political unrest and the economic crisis; the Beer Hall Putsch in Munich sees Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party fail to seize power, shaping Hitler’s future strategy; and the Second Italo-Senussi War ends with Italian consolidation of Libya, completing their colonial ambitions in North Africa.

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In Greece, this year contained only 352 days as 13 days were skipped to achieve the calendrical switch from Julian to Gregorian Calendar. It happened there that Wednesday, February 15 (Julian Calendar) was followed by Thursday, March 1 (Gregorian Calendar).^[1]