2004 in Russia

• President: Vladimir Putin
• Prime Minister: Mikhail Kasyanov to February 24 Viktor Khristenko as Acting Prime Minister to March 5 Mikhail Fradkov

• 14 March
  • Vladimir Putin wins the presidential election and secures his second term as president.
  • The Moscow Manege fire.
• 16 March - Arkhangelsk explosion.
• 9 May - Assassination of the Pro-Russian Chechen President Akhmad Kadyrov in Grozny.^[1]
• 13 August–29 August - Russia competes at the Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, and wins 27 gold, 27 silver and 38 bronze medals.
• 29 August - Alu Alkhanov succeeds Kadyrov as President of Chechnya following elections.^[1]
• 1 September - Beslan school siege: Chechen separatists take over 1,000 hostages at a school in North Ossetia–Alania.^[1]
• 3 September - Beslan school siege: Russian troops storm the school.^[1] As a result of the siege, over 330 people, including 186 children, were killed.^[2]

• 26 December - 9 Russians are among the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.

2004 Summer Olympics - Afina - 3rd place

• The Alexander Nevsky prize, a Russian national historical-literary competition is established.^[3]

• 28 March – Anna Shcherbakova, figure skater^[4]
• 14 April – Anastasia Tarakanova, figure skater^[5]
• 23 June – Alexandra Trusova, figure skater^[6]
• 6 December – Lala Kramarenko, rhythmic gymnast^{[citation needed][7]}

• 13 February - Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev, 52, Chechen politician.^{[citation needed]}
• 22 February - David Neiman, 82, Russian-born American rabbi, archaeologist and theologian.^[8]

• 9 May - Akhmad Kadyrov^[9]
• 22 May - Mikhail Voronin, gymnast (born 1945)^{[citation needed]}

• 11 June – Galina Serdyukovskaya, hygienist, academic and politician (born 1921)^[10]