2025 in paleontology
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| List of years in paleontology |
|---|
| (table) |
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2025.
| 2025 in science |
|---|
| Fields |
| Technology |
| Social sciences |
| Terrestrial environment |
| Other/related |
Plants
Fungi
Newly named fungi
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Nuñez Otaño et al. |
|||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Gobo et al. |
A member of the family Russulaceae. Genus includes new species E. conicus. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Worobiec in Worobiec et al. |
|||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Krings |
A member of Glomeromycota. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Worobiec in Worobiec et al. |
Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) |
Genus includes new species I. ctenidis. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Maslova et al. |
Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) |
Kiya Formation |
A member of Dothideomycetes. Genus includes new species K. sequoiae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Correia, Sá & Pereira |
Vale da Mó Formation |
A member of Diversisporales. The type species is M. lealiae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Bera et al. |
A member of the family Asterinaceae. Genus includes new species P. siwalika. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Kundu et al. |
A microthyriaceous fungus. The type species is P. miocenicum. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Zhuang et al. |
Cretaceous |
Kachin amber |
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|
Sp. nov |
Zhuang et al. |
Cretaceous |
Kachin amber |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Lanjewar, Puranik, Sakundarwar & Burghate in Saxena, Kirk & Lanjewar |
A fungus of uncertain affinities. The type species is R. mohgaoensis. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Worobiec in Worobiec et al. |
Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) |
Genus includes new species R. ctenidis. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Strullu-Derrien & Schornack in Strullu-Derrien et al. |
A member of Glomeromycetes. The type species is R. lavoisierae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Kundu & Khan |
A member of Chaetothyriales belonging to the family Trichomeriaceae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Kundu & Khan |
Miocene |
A member of Chaetothyriales belonging to the family Trichomeriaceae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Worobiec in Worobiec et al. |
Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Moore & Krings |
Devonian |
Rhynie chert |
A fungal reproductive unit. The type species is V. dumosa. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Kundu & Khan |
Miocene |
A member of Xylariales belonging to the family Zygosporiaceae. |
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Mycological research
- Szánthó et al. (2025) develop time-calibrated phylogeny of fungi on the basis of fossil and molecular data, providing new information on the age of the crown group of fungi and on the timing of their interactions with algal ancestors of embryophytes.[16]
- Evidence from the study of fossil material of Spongiophyton nanum from the Devonian (Pragian-Emsian) Ponta Grossa Formation (Brazil), indicating that Spongiophyton is one of the earliest known lichenized macroscopic fungi, is presented by Becker-Kerber et al. (2025).[17]
- Han et al. (2025) identify microtubes in bones of specimens of Keichousaurus from the Middle Triassic strata in China, preserved with geometric features typical of fungal hyphae, and identify the studied specimens as the earliest record of fungal-induced biomineralization in fossil bones reported to date.[18]
- Tian et al. (2025) describe remains of fungi colonizing an insect-infested conifer wood from the Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation (China), interpreted as the oldest record of blue stain fungi reported to date.[19]
- Tian et al. (2025) describe parasitic fungi infecting a podocarpaceous wood specimen from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (China), representing the first documented occurrence of fossil fungi in the Jehol Biota.[20]
- Hodgson et al. (2025) present a global dataset of Cenozoic fungi records.[21]
Cnidarians
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Barroso et al. |
A sea anemone. The type species is A. ipuensis. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ernst & May |
Devonian (Lochkovian) |
A tabulate coral belonging to the family Pyrgiidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tokuda, Yamada, Endo, Sentoku & Ezaki in Tokuda et al. |
Miocene |
Omori Formation |
A species of Dendrophyllia. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Fedorowski & Chwieduk |
Carboniferous |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Aulophyllidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Fedorowski & Chwieduk |
Carboniferous |
Gaptank Formation |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Aulophyllidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Fedorowski & Chwieduk |
Carboniferous |
Gaptank Formation |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Aulophyllidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Fedorowski & Chwieduk |
Carboniferous |
Gaptank Formation |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Aulophyllidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Fedorowski & Chwieduk |
Carboniferous |
Gaptank Formation |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Aulophyllidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Fedorowski & Chwieduk |
Carboniferous |
Gaptank Formation |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Aulophyllidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Collado & Galleguillos |
A member of the family Meandrinidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Pohler, Hubmann & Kammerhofer |
A tabulate coral. |
||||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Collado, Galleguillos & Hoeksema |
Miocene |
A species of Flabellum; a replacement name for Flabellum costatum Philippi (1887). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Collado, Galleguillos & Hoeksema |
Miocene |
A species of Flabellum; a replacement name for Flabellum striatum Philippi (1887). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Collado, Galleguillos & Hoeksema |
Eocene |
A species of Flabellum; a replacement name for Flabellum striatum Gabb & Horn (1860). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Collado, Galleguillos & Hoeksema |
Miocene |
A species of Flabellum; a replacement name for Flabellum solidum Tavera Jerez (1979). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Denayer & Aretz |
Devonian (Emsian) |
A rugose coral belonging to the family Ptenophyllidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Boivin, Lathuilière & Martini |
Early Jurassic (Sinemurian and Pliensbachian, possibly also Hettangian) |
A stony coral belonging to the family Stylophyllidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Denayer & Aretz |
Devonian (Emsian) |
A rugose coral belonging to the family Phillipsastreidae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Žalohar, Gašparič & Hitij |
Miocene |
A member of Rhizostomeae of uncertain affinities. The type species is M. nereis. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Coen-Aubert |
A rugose coral belonging to the family Cystiphyllidae. |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Löser, Cruz-Palma & Chesnel |
A coral belonging to the superfamily Misistelloidea. The type species is "Euphyllia" donatoi Aguilar & Denyer (2001). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Krutykh, Mirantsev & Rozhnov |
Carboniferous (Gzhelian) |
A tabulate coral. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as December 2025. |
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|
Sp. nov |
El-Desouky & Kora |
Um Bogma Formation |
A tabulate coral. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ohar & Dernov |
Kalmakemel' Formation |
A member of Conulariida. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Boivin, Lathuilière & Martini |
Early Jurassic (Sinemurian or Pliensbachian) |
A stony coral belonging to the family Cuifiidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Domingos, Callapez & Legoinha |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Wright in Wright, Zhen & Lee |
Devonian (Emsian) |
A rugose coral. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Min, Zong & Wang |
Fentou Formation |
A member of Conulariida. The type species is S. gemmata. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Niko |
Permian |
Taishaku Limestone Group |
A tabulate coral. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Wright in Wright, Zhen & Lee |
Devonian (Emsian) |
Yukiang Formation |
A rugose coral. Genus includes new species S. gracile. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Coen-Aubert |
Devonian (Givetian) |
A rugose coral belonging to the family Siphonophrentidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hao, Han, Baliński, Brugler & Song in Hao et al. |
A black coral. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Coen-Aubert |
Devonian (Givetian) |
A rugose coral belonging to the family Stringophyllidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Krutykh, Mirantsev & Rozhnov |
A favositid coral. Published online in 2025, but the issue date is listed as December 2024. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Peel |
Cambrian (Wuliuan) |
A coralomorph cnidarian. The type species is T. avannaa. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Löser & Wilmsen |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A coral belonging to the superfamily Heterocoenioidea. |
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Cnidarian research
- Probable evidence of cnidarian affinities of Salterella and Volborthella is presented by Vayda et al. (2025).[46]
- Van Iten et al. (2025) revise the diversity of Ordovician (Floian) cnidarians from the Cabrières Biota (France), the taphonomy of their fossils and their modes of life.[47]
- Evidence from the study of specimens of Sphenothallus cf. longissimus from the Ordovician (Katian) strata in Estonia, indicative of enhanced phosphatic biomineralization in the studied cnidarian, is presented by Vinn & Madison (2025).[48]
- Ivantsov & Zakrevskaya (2025) study the morphology of Staurinidia crucicula, interpreted as supporting the affinities of the studied species with scyphomedusae.[49]
- Wang & Cui (2025) revise the systematics of agetolitid tabulate corals.[50]
- Zaika (2025) revises the fossil record of the tabulate coral Sarcinula in the Ordovician strata from the Baltic region, and argues that S. organum is the only member of this genus present in the studied area.[51]
- Evidence from the study of Propora tubulata and Heliolites spongodes from the Silurian of Sweden and H. porosus from the Devonian of Morocco, indicating that corallite spacing in heliolitid corals was adaptable and partially controlled by their environment, is presented by Król (2025).[52]
- Tube fragments which might represent the first fossils of tube-dwelling anemones reported to date are described from the Eocene to Oligocene strata in Washington (United States) by Kiel & Goedert (2025).[53]
- A study on fossils of members of the genus Porites from the Miocene sites in Austria and Hungary, providing evidence of low calcification rates during the mid-Miocene climate warming that likely affected the formation and maintenance of coral reefs, is published by Reuter et al. (2025).[54]
- A study on the fossil record of Cenozoic Caribbean corals, indicating that the largest turnovers of species and of traits that impact resilience coincided with climate and biogeographic changes, is published by Clay, Dunhill & Beger (2025).[55]
- Evidence from the study of fossil record of Paleocene and Eocene Mediterranean corals, indicative of only partial alignment of coral trait responses to Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum and Early Eocene Climatic Optimum with modern coral responses to climate changes, is presented by Bosellini, Mariani & Benedetti (2025).[56]
Arthropods
Bryozoans
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Lepralia" undata Reuss (1872). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
López-Gappa et al. |
Paleocene (Danian) |
A species of Cellaria. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Iturra, López-Gappa & Pérez |
Miocene (Langhian) |
Chenque Formation |
A member of Cheilostomatida belonging to the family Dysnoetoporidae. Genus includes new species C. miocenica. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. |
|||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Stomatopora" temnichorda Ulrich & Bassler (1907). |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Flustrella" capistrata Gabb & Horn (1862). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ernst, Königshof & Wyse Jackson |
Devonian (Famennian) |
Samnuuruul Formation |
A member of the family Fenestellidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Ernst |
Permian (Sakmarian and Artinskian) |
Callytharra Formation |
A trepostome bryozoan belonging to the family Dyscritellidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Ernst |
Permian (Artinskian) |
Callytharra Formation |
A trepostome bryozoan belonging to the family Dyscritellidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Membranipora" nematoporoides Ulrich & Bassler (1907). |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ernst & May |
Devonian (Lochkovian) |
Birdsong Shale |
A trepostome bryozoan belonging to the group Amplexoporina, possibly a member of the family Dyscritellidae. The type species is N. symbiotica. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Ernst |
Permian (Artinskian) |
Callytharra Formation |
A trepostome bryozoan belonging to the family Stenoporidae. |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Membranipora" jerseyensis Ulrich & Bassler (1907). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Taboada, Pagani & Carrera |
Carboniferous |
Pampa de Tepuel Formation |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Membranipora" nellioides Canu & Bassler (1933). |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Lepralia" interposita Reuss (1872). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Iturra, López-Gappa & Pérez |
Miocene |
Chenque Formation |
A member of the family Phidoloporidae. |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Vincularia" acutirostris Canu & Bassler (1933). |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Kleidionella" trabeculifera Canu & Bassler (1933). |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Beisselina" mortoni Canu & Bassler (1933). |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Martha et al. |
Paleocene |
Vincentown Limesand |
A cheilostome bryozoan. The type species is "Stichocados" mucronatus Canu & Bassler (1933). |
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Bryozoan research
- Fossil material of large-bodied trepostome bryozoans belonging to the genus Tabulipora is described from the Permian Arizaro Formation (Argentina) by Carrera et al. (2025).[64]
- Saulsbury et al. (2025) study the evolution of skeletal mineralogy in cheilostome bryozoans, and report evidence indicating that cheilostomes with partly or fully aragonitic skeletons evolved independently at least 50 times from calcitic ancestors.[65]
- A new assemblage of Ordovician (Hirnantian) bryozoans, including taxa previously reported only from the Baltic region, is described from the Halevikdere Formation (Turkey) by Ernst, Hoşgör & Vinn (2025).[66]
- Evidence of decreasing zooid size throughouth the evolutionary history of cyclostome bryozoans from the "Berenicea" lineage is presented by Ma, Liow & Taylor (2025).[67]
Brachiopods
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Brock, Zhang & Smith |
Ninmaroo Formation |
A member of Orthida belonging to the family Eoorthidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Sour-Tovar, Quiroz-Barroso & Castillo Espinosa |
Carboniferous (Viséan) |
A member of Productida belonging to the family Productellidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Castle-Jones et al. |
Sellick Hill Formation |
A member of Paterinata belonging to the group Paterinoidea. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang et al. |
Ordovician |
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|
Sp. nov |
Calle Salcedo, Cisterna & Halpern |
Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) |
Quebrada Larga Formation |
A member of Productida. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Dulai |
Miocene |
Lajta Limestone Formation |
A member of Terebratulida belonging to the family Megathyrididae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov, Blodgett & Santucci |
Devonian (Emsian) |
Shellabarger Limestone |
A member of Atrypida belonging to the superfamily Davidsonioidea and the family Carinatinidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Zhou et al. |
Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Productida. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Zhou et al. |
Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Productida. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Zhou et al. |
Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Productida. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Percival in Zhen et al. |
Ordovician |
A member of the family Acrotretidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Calle Salcedo, Cisterna & Halpern |
Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) |
Quebrada Larga Formation |
A member of Productida. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jansen |
Devonian (Emsian) |
Hohenrhein Formation |
A member of Spiriferinida belonging to the family Cyrtinidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Oleneva & Sokiran |
Devonian (Famennian) |
Pozhnya Formation |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mergl & Frýda |
Silurian |
Kopanina Formation |
A member of Athyridida belonging to the family Dayiidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kim et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov & Nikolaev |
Devonian (Pragian) |
A member of Spiriferida. The type species is D. ribbed. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as December 2025. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov, Kebrie-ee Zade & Blodgett |
Devonian (Famennian) |
Khoshyeilagh Formation |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Ambocoelidae. The type species is G. shahrudus. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as December 2025. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov & Nikolaev |
Devonian (Pragian) |
A member of Spiriferida. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov & Nikolaev |
Devonian (Pragian) |
A member of Spiriferida. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as December 2025. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov & Nikolaev |
Devonian (Pragian) |
A member of Spiriferida. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as December 2025. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Rezende et al. |
Devonian |
Maecuru Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Makoshin & Kutygin |
Carboniferous–Permian transition |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Makoshin & Kutygin |
Carboniferous–Permian transition |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Makoshin & Kutygin |
Carboniferous–Permian transition |
|||||
|
Katzeria[84] |
Gen. et comb. nov |
Junior homonym |
Rezende et al. |
Devonian |
A new genus for "Strophomena" hoeferi Katzer. The generic name is preoccupied by Katzeria Mendes (1966). |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov & Nikolaev |
Devonian (Emsian) |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Delthyrididae. The type species is K. sibirica. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Kim et al. |
Ordovician |
A member of the family Hesperorthidae. The type species is "Reuschella" asiatica Rozman (1978); genus also includes "Multicostella" schoenlaubi Havlíček in Havlíček, Kříž & Serpagli (1987). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pakhnevich & Sobolev |
Carboniferous (Tournaisian) |
A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the superfamily Lambdarinoidea. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as December 2025. |
||||
|
Pardo et sp. nov |
Pardo et al. |
Carboniferous |
Huaraco Formation |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov, Kebrie-ee Zade & Blodgett |
A member of the family Athyrididae. The type species is N. damganensis. Published online in 2025, but the issue date is listed as December 2024. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Zhou et al. |
Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Productida. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Popov et al. |
Ordovician |
A member of Craniopsida. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Kim et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Genus includes new species R. nataliae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Surlyk |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A member of the family Chlidonophoridae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov, Blodgett & Santucci |
Devonian (Emsian) |
Shellabarger Limestone |
A member of Atrypida belonging to the family Atrypidae. |
|||
|
Ssp. nov |
Baarli & Jin |
Ordovician (Hirnantian) |
A member of Pentamerida. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shcherbanenko & Sennikov |
Ordovician (Darriwilian) |
A member of Strophomenida. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Biakov et al. |
Permian |
A member of Productida. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Percival in Zhen et al. |
Ordovician |
Nambeet Formation |
A member of Acrotretida belonging to the family Torynelasmatidae. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov & Nikolaev |
Devonian (Emsian) |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Delthyrididae. The type species is T. yania. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Betts et al. |
Probably File Haidar Formation |
Europe (Baltic Sea region) |
A stem-brachiopod belonging to the family Mickwitziidae. Genus includes new species W. soderarmensis. |
|||
|
Comb. nov |
(Rathbun) |
Devonian |
Ererê Formation |
Moved from Streptorhynchus agassizi Rathbun (1874). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Vilela-Andrade in Vilela-Andrade et al. |
Ordovician |
A member of Atrypida belonging to the family Anazygidae. |
||||
Brachiopod research
- Chen et al. (2025) report the discovery of new soft-bodied specimens of Lingulellotreta from the Cambrian Yuanshan Formation (China), providing evidence of presenec of a mosaic of ancestral and modified anatomical features, and interpret the anatomy of Lingulellotreta as transitional between those of soft-bodied stem-brachiopods such as Yuganotheca and those of members of Lingulida.[98]
- Evidence of preservation of epithelial cell impressions and moulds on the shell surface of Eohadrotreta zhenbaensis from the Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation (China) is presented by Zhang et al. (2025).[99]
- A study on the diversity dynamics of members of Plectambonitoidea throughout their evolutionary history is published by Candela, Guo & Harper (2025).[100]
- Wright & Wagner (2025) argue that evolutionary histories of strophomenoid brachiopods implied by phylogenetic models that assume punctuated change are more probable than those implied by models that assume continuous change.[101]
- Hennessey & Stigall (2025) link diversification trends of brachiopods from the Simpson Group (Oklahoma, United States) to global trends, reporting evidence of a rapid increase in shell volume of the studied brachiopods at the time of the main pulse of diversification during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.[102]
- Jin & Harper (2025) study the Darriwilian to Hirnantian brachiopod faunas from Laurentia, and link the vulnerability of brachiopods to extinction during the Late Ordovician mass extinction to endemism of the studied faunas, adaptations of the studied brachiopods to inland sea environment and loss of ability to disperse out of this habitat.[103]
- A study on diversification of brachiopods after the Late Ordovician mass extinction is published by Huang, Chen & Shi (2025).[104]
- Huang & Rong (2025) report evidence of preservation of setae in Nucleospira calypta from the Silurian (Telychian) strata in China, interpreted by the authors as used in active spacing regulation between members of the studied assemblage.[105]
- Baarli & Mergl (2025) study the phylogenetic affinities of Karbous and Trigonatrypa, placing the former genus in the family Karpinskiidae and the latter one in the family Glassiidae.[106]
- Shi et al. (2025) report the first discovery of silicified brachiopod fossils from the Permian (Kungurian−Roadian) strata of the Wandrawandian Siltstone (Australia), and reconstruct the taphonomic history of these fossils.[107]
- Evidence of morphological adaptations of lingulid brachiopods to environmental changes during the Early Triassic is presented by Wu et al. (2025).[108]
- Carlson et al. (2025) evaluate the impact of use of different phylogenetic methods on reconstructions of relationships and evolution of morphological characters in Athyridida.[109]
- A study on the taxonomic diversity of Mediterranean brachiopods throughout the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, providing evidence of faunal losses coinciding with oceanic anoxic events, is published by Vörös & Szives (2025).[110]
- A study on the diversity dynamics of brachiopods throughout the Paleogene is published by Ruban (2025), who finds possible evidence of impact of climate changes on brachiopod diversity during the Paleocene but not during the Eocene-Oligocene.[111]
Molluscs
Echinoderms
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Genus includes new species A. pentagonalis. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Webster et al. |
Permian (Kungurian) |
A blastoid belonging to the family Codasteridae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Webster et al. |
Permian (Kungurian) |
A blastoid belonging to the family Codasteridae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Cole, Wright & Hopkins |
Ordovician–Silurian transition (most likely Hirnantian) |
A cladid crinoid belonging to the order Sagenocrinida and the family Anisocrinidae. The type species is A. natiscotecensis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A possible species of Astropecten. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Woodgate et al. |
A member of Ctenocystoidea. The type species is A. acantha. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Delemar & Villier |
Eocene (Lutetian) |
A starfish belonging to the family Goniasteridae. The type species is A. wozniaki. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rozhnov & Terentyev |
Ordovician |
A crinoid belonging to the family Iocrinidae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Blake & Lintz |
Devonian |
A member of Asterozoa belonging to the group Stenuroidea and the family Erinaceasteridae. The type species is B. lineatus. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Pauly & Villier |
Middle Jurassic (Callovian) to Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian) |
A starfish belonging to the order Paxillosida and the suborder Cribellina. The type species is B. wallueckensis; genus also includes "Chrispaulia" jurassica Gale (2011) and "Chrispaulia" spinosa Gale & Jagt (2021). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Kolata et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
A member of Cyclocystoidea, the type genus of the new family Brechincycloididae. The type species is B. stanhynei. |
||||
|
Comb. nov |
Valid |
(Sheffield, Ausich & Sumrall) |
Ordovician (Hirnantian) |
A blastozoan belonging to the group Diploporita and the family Holocystitidae; moved from Holocystites salmoensis Sheffield, Ausich & Sumrall. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Osborn, Portell & Mooi |
A species of Brissus. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Saulsbury, Baumiller & Sprinkle |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A crinoid belonging to the group Comatulida and the family Notocrinidae. The type species is C. hodgesi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Genus includes new species C. popovorum. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Roux, Thuy & Gale |
Indian Ocean (Rodrigues Ridge) |
A crinoid belonging to the family Rhizocrinidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Schlüter et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) |
A sea urchin. |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Gale & Cottard |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
Probably Zig Zag Chalk Formation |
A starfish belonging to the family Stauranderasteridae. The type species is "Oreaster" coronatus Forbes (1848). |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale & Cottard |
Late Cretaceous (Turonian) |
A starfish belonging to the family Astropectinidae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith et al. |
Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) |
A brittle star. The type species is C. medicus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale & Stevenson |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida and the family Saccocomidae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale & Cottard |
Late Cretaceous (Turonian to Campanian) |
A starfish belonging to the family Chaetasteridae. The type species is C. annae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Webster et al. |
Permian (Kungurian) |
A blastoid belonging to the group Granatocrinida. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pauly |
Middle Jurassic (Callovian) |
A sea urchin belonging to the family Pedinidae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Webster et al. |
Permian (Kungurian) |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida and the family Staphylocrinidae. The type species is D. aridus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Osborn, Portell & Mooi |
Eocene |
Ocala Limestone |
A sea urchin belonging to the family Neolaganidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Webster et al. |
Permian (Kungurian) |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida and the family Indocrinidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Webster et al. |
Permian (Kungurian) |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida and the family Indocrinidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Osborn, Portell & Mooi |
Oligocene |
A sea urchin belonging to the family Eupatagidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith et al. |
Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) |
Big Clifty Formation |
A brittle star. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith et al. |
Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) |
Big Clifty Formation |
A brittle star. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith et al. |
Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) |
Big Clifty Formation |
A brittle star. |
|||
|
Comb. nov |
Valid |
(Hall) |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Myrtillocrinus americanus Hall. |
|||||
|
Comb. nov |
Valid |
(Schultze) |
Devonian |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Taxocrinus briareus Schultze. |
||||
|
Comb. nov |
Valid |
(Schmidt) |
Devonian |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Myrtillocrinus curtus Schmidt. |
||||
|
Comb. nov |
Valid |
(Müller) |
Devonian |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Lecythocrinus eifelianus Müller. |
||||
|
Comb. nov |
Valid |
(Müller) |
Devonian |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Ceramocrinus eifeliensis Müller. |
||||
|
Comb. nov |
Valid |
(Sandberger & Sandberger) |
Devonian |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Myrtillocrinus elongatus Sandberger & Sandberger. |
||||
|
Comb. nov |
Valid |
(Wachsmuth & Springer) |
Devonian |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Arachnocrinus extensus Wachsmuth & Springer. |
||||
|
Comb. nov |
Valid |
(Stauffer) |
Devonian |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Arachnocrinus ignotus Stauffer. |
||||
|
Comb. nov |
Valid |
(Wachsmuth & Springer) |
Devonian |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Arachnocrinus knappi Wachsmuth & Springer. |
||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Bohatý, Ausich & Ebert |
Devonian |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; a replacement name for Schultzicrinus(?) elongatus Springer. |
||||
|
Comb. nov |
Valid |
(Dubatolova) |
Devonian |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Myrtillocrinus orbiculatus Dubatolova. |
||||
|
Comb. nov |
Valid |
(Goldring) |
Devonian |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida; moved from Mictocrinus robustus Goldring. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Genus includes new species G. chertanovoensis. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
Kristianstad Basin |
A starfish belonging to the family Asteriidae. The type species is G. ivoensis. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale & Jagt |
Late Cretaceous (Turonian) |
A member of the family Goniasteridae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale & Jagt |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A member of the family Goniasteridae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale & Jagt |
Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) |
A member of the family Goniasteridae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
Kristianstad Basin |
A starfish belonging to the family Goniasteridae. The type species is I. soerensenae. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Webster et al. |
Permian (Kungurian) |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida and the family Erisocrinidae. The type species is J. warlichi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rozhnov |
Ordovician (Darriwilian and Sandbian) |
A crinoid belonging to group Camerata and to the family Colpodecrinidae. The type species is K. stellatus. Published online in 2025, but the issue date is listed as December 2024. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
Kristianstad Basin |
A starfish belonging to the family Stauranderasteridae. |
|||
|
Nom. nov |
Blake & Lintz |
Devonian |
Hunsrück Slate |
A member of Asterozoa belonging to the group Stenuroidea and the family Erinaceasteridae. The type species is "Erinaceaster" giganteus Lehmann (1957). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
Kristianstad Basin |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Paul |
Silurian |
Lewisburg Formation |
A blastozoan belonging to the group Diploporita and the family Holocystitidae. The type species is "Osgoodicystis" cooperi Frest & Strimple in Frest et al. (2011). |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Borghi et al. |
Miocene |
A sea urchin. Genus includes new species N. albensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Genus includes new species N. decadoramosus. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Keyes, Wright & Ausich |
Carboniferous (Moscovian) |
Akiyoshi Limestone Group |
A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida and the family Paragaricocrinidae. The type species is N. hashimotoi; genus also includes N. akiyoshiensis. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
Kristianstad Basin |
A species of Nymphaster. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
Kristianstad Basin |
A species of Nymphaster. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Schlüter et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) |
A sea urchin. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Keyes, Wright & Ausich |
Carboniferous (Moscovian) |
A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida and the family Paragaricocrinidae. The type species is P. mudaensis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Roux, Thuy & Gale |
Pliocene |
Indian Ocean (Rodrigues Ridge) |
A crinoid belonging to the family Rhizocrinidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Lefebvre et al. |
Devonian (Givetian) |
A mitrate belonging to the family Paranacystidae. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Thuy, Numberger-Thuy & Gale |
Early Jurassic (Hettangian) |
A brittle star, a member of the stem group of Euryalida related to the Triassic genus Aspiduriella. The type species is "Mesophiomusium" kianiae Thuy (2005). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Osborn, Portell & Mooi |
Oligocene |
A species of Plagiobrissus. |
||||
|
Comb. nov |
Valid |
(Webster & Sevastopulo) |
Permian |
A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida and the family Platycrinitidae; moved from Platycrinites omanensis Webster & Sevastopulo (2007) |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pauly & Villier |
Middle Jurassic (Callovian) |
Ornatenton Formation |
A starfish belonging to the family Plumasteridae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pauly |
Middle Jurassic (Callovian) |
Ornatenton Formation |
A sea urchin belonging to the group Cidaroida and the family Polycidaridae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Osborn, Portell & Mooi |
Eocene |
Ocala Limestone |
A species of Prionocidaris. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pauly |
Middle Jurassic (Callovian) |
Ornatenton Formation |
A sea urchin belonging to the group Cidaroida and the family Miocidaridae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Webster et al. |
Permian (Kungurian) |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida and the family Indocrinidae. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Keyes, Wright & Ausich |
Carboniferous (Bashkirian) |
Brentwood Limestone |
A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida and the family Paragaricocrinidae. The type species is "Megaliocrinus" exotericus Strimple (1951). |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
Kristianstad Basin |
A starfish belonging to the family Pycinasteridae. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Webster et al. |
Permian (Kungurian) |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida and the family Erisocrinidae. The type species is Q. batainensis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
Kristianstad Basin |
A starfish belonging to the family Korethrasteridae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Osborn, Portell & Mooi |
Eocene |
Ocala Limestone |
A species of Rhyncholampas. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Osborn, Portell & Mooi |
Eocene |
Ocala Limestone |
A species of Rhyncholampas. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Webster et al. |
Permian (Kungurian) |
A crinoid belonging to the group Eucladida and the family Scytalocrinidae. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Gale |
Late Cretaceous (Santonian to Campanian) |
Kristianstad Basin |
A starfish belonging to the family Goniasteridae. The type species is "Metopaster" rugissimus Gale (1987). |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
Kristianstad Basin |
A starfish belonging to the family Asterinidae. The type species is S. surlyki. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Osborn, Portell & Mooi |
Oligocene |
Suwannee Limestone |
A species of Schizaster. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith et al. |
Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) |
Big Clifty Formation |
A brittle star. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Saulsbury, Baumiller & Sprinkle |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
Glen Rose Formation |
A crinoid belonging to the group Comatulida and the family Notocrinidae. |
|||
|
Comb. nov |
Valid |
(Wen et al.) |
Cambrian (Wuliuan) |
A member of Edrioasteroidea; moved from Totiglobus spencensis Wen et al. (2019). |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Gale & Cottard |
Late Cretaceous |
Probably Seaford Chalk Formation |
A starfish belonging to the family Stauranderasteridae. The type species is "Oreaster" squamatus Forbes (1848); genus also includes "Stauranderaster" doreckae Schulz & Weitschat (1971) and "Stauranderaster" speculum Nielsen (1943). |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale & Cottard |
Late Cretaceous (Turonian) |
A starfish belonging to the family Stauranderasteridae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith et al. |
Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) |
Big Clifty Formation |
A brittle star. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith et al. |
Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) |
Big Clifty Formation |
A brittle star. The type species is S. granulosus. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Genus includes new species S. parvus. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Genus includes new species S. sinusoides. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith et al. |
Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) |
Big Clifty Formation |
A brittle star. The type species is S. odellettorum. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Webster et al. |
Permian (Kungurian) |
A crinoid belonging to the group Disparida and the family Synbathocrinidae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Genus includes new species S. ramulosus. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Genus includes new species T. domodedovoensis and T. erlangeri. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Schlüter et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) |
A sea urchin belonging to the family Phymosomatidae. Genus includes new species T. luluatus. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Keyes, Wright & Ausich |
Carboniferous (Viséan) |
Tuscumbia Limestone |
A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida and the family Paragaricocrinidae. The type species is T. madisonensis. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith et al. |
Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) |
Big Clifty Formation |
A brittle star. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith et al. |
Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) |
Big Clifty Formation |
A brittle star. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gale |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
Culver Chalk Formation |
A starfish belonging to the family Podosphaerasteridae. The type species is V. enigmaticus. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mirantsev |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian) |
Neverovo Formation |
A crinoid. Genus includes new species V. medvedkensis. Published online in 2026, but the issue date is listed as November 2025. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Osborn, Portell & Mooi |
Eocene |
Ocala Limestone |
A sea urchin belonging to the family Neolaganidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Osborn, Portell & Mooi |
Eocene |
Ocala Limestone |
A sea urchin belonging to the family Neolaganidae. |
|||
Echinoderm research
- Evidence from the study of outgrowths on disarticulated echinoderm fragments from the Cambrian (Wuliuan) rocks of the Burke River Structural Belt (Australia), interpreted as reaction to parasitic epibionts and the oldest evidence of parasitic symbiotic interactions on deuterostome hosts reported to date, is presented by Goñi et al. (2025).[139]
- Guenser et al. (2025) report evidence of concentration of research on the fossil record of stylophorans in the higher-income countries, regardless of the origin of the studied fossil material, throughout the history of the study of this group, including evidence that the majority of studies on fossils from the Global South published between 1925 and 1999 did not include local collaborators, and evidence of transfer of fossil material from countries of the Global South to countries of the Global North.[140]
- A new echinoderm Lagerstätte dominated by specimens of the solutan species Dendrocystites barrandei is described from the Ordovician (Sandbian) strata of the Letná Formation (Czech Republic) by Fatka et al. (2025).[141]
- Evidence from the study of the echinoderm assemblage from the Ordovician Bromide Formation (Oklahoma, United States), indicating that paracrinoids and other pelmatozoans likely occupied different regions of niche space and did not compete for food, is presented by Higdon & Cole (2025).[142]
- New fossil material of Wellerocystis and Implicaticystis, providing new information on the morphology of the studied paracrinoids, is described from the Ordovician Kimmswick Limestone (Missouri, United States) by Paul, Guensburg & Darrough (2025).[143]
- New fossil material of cupressocrinine cupressocrinitid crinoids, providing new information on their morphology and ontogeny, is described from the Devonian strata of the Bergisch Gladbach-Paffrath Syncline and the Eifel Synclines (Germany) by Bohatý & Ausich (2025).[144]
- A study on the microstructure of the stalk of Seirocrinus, indicative of presence of adaptations that reduced weight of the studied crinoid and enabled it to live attached to a raft system such as drifting wood without significantly contributing to its sinking, is presented by Gorzelak et al. (2025).[145]
- An indeterminate solanocrinitid representing the first known opalized comatulid crinoid reported to date is described from the Cretaceous strata in South Australia by Salamon, Kapitany & Płachno (2025).[146]
- Salamon et al. (2025) describe fossils of members of the genus Isselicrinus from the Transylvanian Basin (Romania), representing the first reported Eocene shallow-water occurrence of the studied stalked crinoids from the Northern Hemisphere.[147]
- Evidence from the study of the fossil record of Paleozoic echinoids, indicating that inclusion of unpublished museum specimens can strongly affect the results of the studies of biogeography and evolution of groups known from fossils, is presented by Dean & Thompson (2025).[148]
- A study on the preservation of fossils of Paleozoic echinoids and on factors influencing the quality of preservation of the studied specimens is published by Thompson et al. (2025).[149]
- Yakouya-Moubamba et al. (2025) describe fossil material of Mecaster fourneli from the Turonian strata in Gabon, and report evidence of strong morphological similarity of the studied fossils to specimens from Algeria and Peru.[150]
- Blake & Lefebvre (2025) revise the asterozoan class Somasteroidea, and name a new chinianasterid subfamily Ophioxenikosinae.[151]
Hemichordates
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Lopez et al. |
Silurian (Llandovery) |
A graptolite. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Lopez et al. |
Silurian (Llandovery) |
A graptolite. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Yang et al. |
A graptolite. The type species is Y. gemmatus. |
||||||
Hemichordate research
- A study on the evolution of body symmetry in extant and fossil pterobranchs is published by Maletz (2025).[154]
- Mitchell et al. (2025) report evidence of impact of changes of oceanographic and climatic conditions resulting from the Hirnantian glaciation on the diversity structure of graptolites, ultimately resulting in extinction of Diplograptina and adaptive radiation of Neograptina.[155]
- Gao, Tan & Wang (2025) study hydrodynamic properties of a model of Calyxdendrum (a graptolite with a morphology intermediate between benthic dendroids and planktic graptoloids), and argue that planktic lifestyle might have evolved independently in multiple graptolite lineages.[156]
- The conclusions of the study of Saulsbury et al. (2023), which found that the survivorship of the Ordovician and Silurian graptoloids is consistent with the neutral theory of biodiversity and that this theory can be used to formulate hypotheses on changes in ancient ecosystems,[157] are contested by Johnson (2025)[158] and reaffirmed by Saulsbury et al. (2025).[159]
- Maletz & Gutiérrez-Marco (2025) revise the graptolite genus Ptilograptus and transfer it from the family Callograptidae to the family Dendrograptidae.[160]
- Gao, Tan & Wang (2025) consider the double-helical rotating locomotion as most likely for Dicellograptus, and argue that evolution from Jiangxigraptus to Dicellograptus involved selection for improvement in hydrodynamic characteristics.[161]
- Evidence indicating that the decline of graptolite diversity in the Prague Basin during the Lundgreni Event was related to increased oxygenation of offshore environments is presented by Frýda & Frýdová (2025).[162]
- A study on the construction of the tubarium of retiolitine graptolites pre- and post-Lundgreni Event and on their evolutionary relationships is published by Maletz (2025).[163]
- Reich & Krümmer (2025) describe rhabdopleurid stolon systems overgrowing other organisms from the Cretaceous Chalk Sea floor, discovered in the Maastrichtian strata from Rügen (Germany).[164]
Conodonts
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Tolmacheva, Dronov & Lykov |
Ordovician |
The type species is "Scolopodus" consimilis Moskalenko, (1973); genus also includes A. compositus (Moskalenko, 1973). Published online in 2025, but the issue date is listed as December 2024. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhen in Zhen et al. |
Ordovician |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Zhen in Zhen et al. |
Ordovician |
The type species is "Acodus" buetefueri Cooper (1981). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Orchard, Friedman & Mihalynuk |
Late Triassic (Norian) |
Selish Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Orchard, Friedman & Mihalynuk |
Late Triassic (Norian) |
Selish Formation |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Barrick & Nestell |
Carboniferous–Permian |
The type species is B. conflexa (Ellison, 1941). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Li et al. |
Early Triassic (Olenekian) |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Leu & Goudemand in Leu et al. |
Early Triassic (Olenekian) |
Khunamuh Formation |
A member of the family Gondolellidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhen in Zhen et al. |
Ordovician |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhen in Zhen et al. |
Ordovician |
Tabita Formation |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhen in Zhen et al. |
Ordovician |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhen in Zhen et al. |
Ordovician |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Soboleva & Nazarova |
Devonian (Frasnian) |
Ust'-Yarega Formation |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Soboleva & Nazarova |
Devonian (Frasnian) |
Ust'-Yarega Formation |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hu, Qi & Wei |
Carboniferous (Moscovian) |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hu, Qi & Wei |
Carboniferous (Moscovian) |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hu, Qi & Wei |
Carboniferous (Moscovian) |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhen in Zhen et al. |
Ordovician |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Leu & Goudemand in Leu et al. |
Early Triassic |
Khunamuh Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Han et al. |
Early Triassic |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Leu & Goudemand in Leu et al. |
Early Triassic |
Khunamuh Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Han et al. |
Early Triassic |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhen in Zhen et al. |
Ordovician |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Wu, Ji & Lash |
Triassic |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhen et al. |
Cambrian–Ordovician transition |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Corriga, Ferretti & Corradini |
Silurian |
A member of Prioniodontida belonging to the family Icriodontidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Plotitsyn et al. |
Devonian (Famennian) |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhen in Zhen et al. |
Ordovician |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Izokh |
Devonian |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Mango & Albanesi |
Ordovician (Dapingian) |
Genus includes new species R. nalamamacatus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhen in Zhen et al. |
Ordovician |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Rueda, Albanesi & Ortega |
Ordovician (Floian) |
Acoite Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhen in Zhen et al. |
Ordovician |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Mango & Albanesi |
Ordovician (Dapingian) |
San Juan Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhen in Zhen et al. |
Ordovician |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhen et al. |
Cambrian–Ordovician transition |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Corriga, Ferretti & Corradini |
Silurian |
A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Corriga, Ferretti & Corradini |
Silurian |
A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Corriga, Ferretti & Corradini |
Silurian |
A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Corriga, Ferretti & Corradini |
Silurian |
A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae. |
||||
Conodont research
- Paiste et al. (2025) revise the conodont biostratigraphy in the Ordovician (Sandbian–lower Katian) strata in Lithuania, Ukraine, Estonia and Sweden.[181]
- Taxonomic revision of Acodus longibasis and A. triangularis is published by Zhen (2025), who also revises the generic diagnosis of Acodus and supports the interpretation of this genus as valid.[182]
- A study on the fossil record of Eifelian to Frasnian conodonts from the Spanish Pyrenees, providing evidence of regional variations in the impact of major Givetian Global Events on conodont diversity dynamics, is published by Liao & Valenzuela-Ríos (2025).[183]
- A study on the morphological variation of oral elements of members of the genus Polygnathus from the Devonian/Carboniferous transition is published by Nesme et al. (2025), who find evidence of reduced morphological variation in larger elements than in smaller ones, interpreted as indicative of increase in functional constraints on large-sized Polygnathus elements.[184]
- A study on P1 elements of members of the genus Polygnathus from Montagne Noire (France) living in the aftermath of the Hangenberg event, providing evidence consistent with changes of change of diet of the studied conodonts during their ontogeny as well as evidence indicating that small specimens were more susceptible to environmental influences than large ones, is published by Nesme et al. (2025).[185]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships, biogeography and biostratigraphy of members of the genus Gnathodus is published by Wang, Hu & Wang (2025).[186]
- A study on factors influencing the spatial distribution of conodonts in the aftermath of the Permian–Triassic extinction event is published by Guenser et al. (2025).[187]
- Wu et al. (2025) study the morphological variation of oral elements of members of the genus Chiosella, and argue that the majority of specimens of Chiosella gondolelloides could be juvenile forms of Chiosella timorensis.[188]
Fish
Amphibians
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bulanov |
Permian (Kungurian-Roadian) |
A discosauriscid seymouriamorph. A species of Ariekanerpeton. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Werneburg, Logghe & Steyer |
Permian |
A dissorophid temnospondyl. The type species is B. pouilloni. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Macaluso et al. |
Eocene |
A salamander belonging to the family Salamandridae. The type species is D. paleogenica. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gunnin et al. |
Pliocene |
A salamander belonging to the family Plethodontidae. The type species is D. robertsoni. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Macaluso et al. |
Eocene |
A salamander belonging to the family Salamandridae. The type species is E. weigelti (Herre, 1935). |
|||||
| Huangfuchuansuchus[193] | Gen. et sp. nov | Chen & Liu | Early Triassic | Heshanggou Formation |  China |
A temnospondyl belonging to the clade Capitosauria. The type species is H. haojiamaoensis. | ||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Sorbelli et al. |
Pleistocene |
A species of Latonia. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Eocene |
A species of Litoria. |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Skutschas et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Barremian–Aptian) |
A salamandroid salamander. Genus includes new species M. septatus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Novikov & Shishkin |
Early Triassic (Induan) |
A lonchorhynchid temnospondyl. Genus includes new species M. juliaromanorum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Farman, Archer & Hand |
Miocene |
A species of Philoria. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Steyer & Sidor |
Permian (Lopingian) |
A rhinesuchid temnospondyl. A species of Rhineceps. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Schoch |
Permian (Asselian) |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Schoch |
Permian (Asselian) |
Meisenheim Formation |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Vasilyan & Macaluso |
Paleocene |
A frog belonging to the family Alytidae. The type species is V. palaeocenicus. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Muzzopappa, Bargo & Vizcaíno |
Paleocene and Eocene |
A new genus for "Calyptocephalella" sabrosa Muzzopappa et al. (2020); genus also includes "Calyptocephalella" pichileufensis Gómez, Báez & Muzzopappa (2011). |
||||
Amphibian research
- New information on the anatomy of the braincases of Ventastega curonica and Acanthostega gunnari is published by Ahlberg et al. (2025).[203]
- A study on the body plan of Ichthyostega is published by Strong et al. (2025), who provide evidence of the presence of a mixture of fish- and tetrapod-like body proportions, and interpret forelimbs of Ichthyostega as bearing a higher fraction of body weight than its hindlimbs when the animal moved on land.[204]
- Marshall et al. (2025) use palynological assemblages from the Carboniferous Ballagan Formation (Scotland, United Kingdom) to place early tetrapods from different localities from this formation within a Tournaisian timeframe.[205]
- Redescription and a study on the affinities of Carboniferous baphetids from the Czech Republic is published by Barták, Ivanov & Ekrt (2025), who identify rediscovered part of the type material of Loxomma bohemicum as remains of temnospondyl species Capetus palustris.[206]
- The maximum depositional age of the Carboniferous fossils from the East Kirkton Quarry (Scotland, United Kingdom), including fossils of Balanerpeton woodi, Eucritta melanolimnetes, Kirktonecta milnerae, Ophiderpeton kirktonense, Silvanerpeton miripedes and Westlothiana lizziae, is reinterpreted as more likely to be middle-lower Viséan rather than upper Viséan by Garza et al. (2025).[207]
- Redescription of the anatomy of Calligenethlon watsoni is published by Adams et al. (2025).[208]
- Ruta et al. (2025) study the evolution of skull length in temnospondyls.[209]
- A study on the body size, morphological diversity, biogeography and feeding ecology of temnospondyls throughout the Triassic is published by Mehmood et al. (2025).[210]
- Werneburg (2025) redescribes the morphology of Glanochthon lellbachae on the basis of data from previously unpublished specimens from the Permian Meisenheim Formation (Saar–Nahe Basin; Germany).[211]
- Feng et al. (2025) describe a probable stereospondyl tooth from the strata of the Longtan Formation in Chongqing, representing the first record of a Permian tetrapod from southern China reported to date and supporting the existence of a land connection between northern and southern China during the Permian.[212]
- Revision of the skeletal morphology of Plagiosternum granulosum and a study on its ontogeny and probable ecology is published by Schoch et al. (2025).[213]
- A study on the parasphenoids of Early Triassic trematosauroids and capitosaurs from the European part of Russia, providing evidence of differences of the levator scapulae muscles of the studied temnospondyls that were likely related to differences of their lifestyles, is published by Morkovin (2025).[214]
- A study on the morphological variation, phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of members of the genus Cyclotosaurus is published by Schoch et al. (2025).[215]
- Kufner et al. (2025) report the discovery of a probable mass mortality assemblage of Buettnererpeton bakeri from the Upper Triassic strata from the Nobby Knob site (Popo Agie Formation; Wyoming, United States).[216]
- A study on the structure of tissue of the dermal pectoral bones of Metoposaurus krasiejowensis is published by Kalita, Teschner & Konietzko-Meier (2025).[217]
- A study on the histology of the ilium and the ischium of Metoposaurus krasiejowensis, providing possible evidence of a reduced role of the pelvic girdle and hindlimbs in locomotion of members of the studied species, is published by Konietzko-Meier, Prino & Teschner (2025).[218]
- A study on pathologies in cervical vertebrae of specimens of Metoposaurus krasiejowensis is published by Antczak et al. (2025), who identify the oldest block joint between the atlas and the axis reported in a tetrapod, as well as the first record of spinal arthropathy in a non-amniote.[219]
- New information on the morphology of the lower jaw of Trimerorhachis is provided by Ruta, Bolt & Barber (2025).[220]
- Gee, Mann & Sues (2025) describe a new specimen of Aspidosaurus chiton from the Permian (Cisuralian) strata in Texas, and designate it as the neotype of the species.[221]
- Skutschas, Kolchanov & Syromyatnikova (2025) report evidence of presence of pedicellate teeth in karaurids, interpreted as confirming the neotenic nature of the studied specimens.[222]
- Noda et al. (2025) identify giant salamander remains from the Shikimizu bed (Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan) as belonging to the Japanese giant salamander, providing evidence of broader geographical range of the species in the past.[223]
- A study on the fossil record of Quaternary mole salamanders from Hall's Cave (Texas, United States) is published by Ledesma, Moxley & Kemp (2025), who link the disappearance of mole salamanders from the Edwards Plateau to landscape changes and shift to hotter and drier climate in the middle Holocene.[224]
- Evidence from the study of melanosomes of extant and fossil anurans, indicative of conserved geometries (likely related to conserved function) of melanosomes in the eyes and internal tissues of the studied specimens, as well as of diffences in the geometry of skin melanosomes of extant and fossil anurans, is presented by Falk et al. (2025).[225]
- Redescription of the anatomy of Vieraella herbstii is published by Báez & Nicoli (2025).[226]
- Fossil material representing the northernmost record of frogs from the Upper Cretaceous Bauru Group is described from the Adamantina and Serra da Galga formations (Brazil) by Muniz et al. (2025), who report the discovery of a possible calyptocephalellid representing the first member of the group reported from the northern part of South America.[227]
- New fossil material of Bakonybatrachus fedori is described from the Santonian strata from the Iharkút vertebrate locality (Hungary) by Szentesi (2025).[228]
- Lemierre et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of members of Pipimorpha from the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) strata from the Becetèn site (Niger), providing evidence of presence of at least four pipimorph taxa at the studied site.[229]
- Lin et al. (2025) describe a vertebra of Duttaphrynus melanostictus representing the first record of an amphibian fossil from Taiwan, probably originating from the Middle Pleistocene Chiting Formation.[230]
- Bravo et al. (2025) report the discovery of fossil material of a member of the genus Ceratophrys from the Miocene Palo Pintado Formation, representing one of the westernmost records of the genus in northern Argentina reported to date, and claimed by the authors to be the first record of this genus from the studied formation;[231] however, Zimicz et al. (2025) cite previous records of Ceratophrys from the Palo Pintado Formation, and argue that the fossil material described by Bravo et al. is more likely Pliocene in age.[232]
- Lemierre et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of frogs from the Miocene strata from the Chamtwara locality (Kenya), including the first fossil occurrence of a member of the family Arthroleptidae.[233]
- Nicoli et al. (2025) reinterpret Neoprocoela edentata as a species belonging to the extant genus Nannophryne.[234]
- An external mould of a true toad, preserving details of its soft anatomy, is described from the Miocene strata from the Böttingen Fossillagerstätte (Germany) by Maisch & Stöhr (2025).[235]
- Lemierre & Orliac (2025) describe fossil material of Paleogene amphibians from the locality of Dams (Quercy Phosphorites Formation, France), reporting evidence of a faunal turnover at the Eocene-Oligocene transition.[236]
- Logghe et al. (2025) report evidence of preservation of soft tissues including skin and intestinal casts in new specimens of Discosauriscus from the Permian Lagerstätte of Franchesse (France), providing evidence of reptile-like epidermal scalation in juvenile discosauriscids seymouriamorphs.[237]
- Reisz & Modesto (2025) revise Asaphestera platyris, and interpret it as nomen dubium and as a recumbirostran "microsaur" rather than a synapsid.[238]
- Byrnes, Bolt & Mann (2025) report the first discovery of fossil material of Ctenerpeton remex from the Mazon Creek fossil beds (Illinois, United States), expanding known diversity of nectrideans from the studied assemblage.[239]
- Jenkins et al. (2025) redescribe the skull of Hapsidopareion lepton, consider Llistrofus pricei to represent a junior synonym of this species, and reevaluate the affinities of recumbirostrans, recovering them as a clade of stem-amniotes.[240]
Reptiles
Synapsids
Non-mammalian synapsids
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Li et al. |
Jurassic |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mann & Sidor |
Permian (Lopingian) |
A gorgonopsian. A species of Arctops. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thomas, Angielczyk & Peecook |
Permian (Lopingian) |
A geikiid dicynodont. A species of Aulacephalodon. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Liu et al. |
|||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mao et al. |
Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Pliensbachian) |
A member of Morganucodonta. The type species is C. lufengensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Lloyd & Durand |
Permian (Changhsingian) |
A therocephalian belonging to the family Akidnognathidae. The type species is "Hewittia" albanensis Brink (1959). |
 | |||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shipps, Sidor & Angielczyk |
Permian (Lopingian) |
A kingoriid dicynodont. A species of Dicynodontoides. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shi & Liu |
Late Permian |
Probably Sunan Formation |
A dicynodont. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kammerer, Angielczyk & Fröbisch |
Permian (Lopingian) |
A lystrosaurid dicynodont. A species of Euptychognathus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Kammerer, Angielczyk & Fröbisch |
Permian (Lopingian) |
A lystrosaurid dicynodont. The type species is L. bothae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Kammerer, Angielczyk & Fröbisch |
Permian (Lopingian) |
A lystrosaurid dicynodont. The type species is M. opainion. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Angielczyk & Otoo |
Permian (Lopingian) |
A cryptodontian dicynodont. The type species M. trilobops. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Patrocínio et al. |
A member or a close relative of Docodonta. The type species is N. cassiopeiae. |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gaetano et al. |
Late Triassic (Carnian) |
A cynodont belonging to the family Traversodontidae. The type species is P. ignotus. |
||||
Synapsid research
- Review of studies on the morphology and evolution of brains of synapsids, their sense organs, endothermy and behavior from the preceding years is published by Bolton, Mangera & Benoit (2025).[253]
- Evidence from a comparative study of skull anatomy of non-mammalian synapsids and extant chameleons, interpreted as consistent with the presence a mandibular middle ear in early synapsids, is presented by Olroyd & Kopperud (2025).[254]
- A study on changes in humerus and femur of synapsids throughout their evolutionary history is published by Bishop & Pierce (2025).[255]
- A study on changes of shape of the humerus and changes of posture of synapsids throughout their evolutionary history is published by Brocklehurst et al. (2025), who interpret ancestral synapsids as sprawling but morphologically distinct from extant sprawling animals, and interpret the evolution of posture of modern therian mammals as resulting from successive synapsid radiations with varied postures rather than from a direct progression from sprawling to therian-like posture.[256]
- A study on the diversity of varanopids throughout their evolutionary history is published by Laurin & Didier (2025), who find no evidence for an end-Kungurian extinction event, and interpret the extinction of varanopids as likely related to the Capitanian mass extinction event.[257]
- New information on the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton of Mesenosaurus efremovi is provided by Rowe et al. (2025).[258]
- Marchetti et al. (2025) describe sphenacodontid body impressions (probably produced by a group of four individuals) from the Permian (Sakmarian) Tambach Formation (Germany), providing evidence of presence of epidermal scales in sphenacodontids, and name a new ichnotaxon Bromackerichnus requiescens.[259]
- A study on the anatomy of skull and teeth of Moschognathus whaitsi is published by Lafferty et al. (2025), who report evidence of multiple replacements of incisiform teeth and their alternating replacement pattern, resulting in similarities of tooth replacement in the studied taxon and in the dental batteries in sauropod dinosaurs.[260]
- Nieke, Fröbisch & Canoville (2025) study the histology of limb bones of Suminia getmanovi, interpreted as consistent with an arboreal lifestyle.[261]
- A study on the impact of use of continuous traits on results of analyses of phylogenetic relationships of dicynodonts is published by Wynd et al. (2025).[262]
- Benoit & Jodder (2025) describe new fossil material of Kombuisia frerensis from the Anisian Burgersdorp Formation (South Africa), confirming the absence of the parietal foramen in members of this species.[263]
- Description of the anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of Kembawacela kitchingi is published by Abbott et al. (2025).[264]
- A study on the skeletal anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of Rastodon procurvidens is published by Silva et al. (2025), who recover the studied dicynodont as the first known South American member of the family Kingoriidae.[265]
- De Souza et al. (2025) identify the dicynodont skull from the Triassic strata of the Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone of the Santa Maria Supersequence described by Araújo (1981)[266] as a skull of Dinodontosaurus brevirostris, providing evidence of presence of this species in Brazil.[267]
- Matamales-Andreu et al. (2025) describe probable gorgonopsian footprints from the Permian strata of the Port des Canonge Formation (Spain), and name a new ichnotaxon Algarpes ferus.[268]
- A study on the bone histology of an indeterminate gorgonopsian specimen from the Permian strata of the upper Madumabisa Mudstone Formation (Zambia), providing evidence of slower growth than in gorgonopsians from the Karoo Basin, is published by Kulik (2025).[269]
- Macungo, Benoit & Araújo (2025) describe fossil material of Inostrancevia africana from the Permian strata of the K6a2 Member of the Metangula graben (Mozambique), supporting its correlation with the Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone in South Africa.[270]
- Cookson and Mann (2025) re-examine two historic skulls of Lycaenops assigned to L. angusticeps and L. cf. L. angusticeps and reassess their taxonomy.[271]
- Liu & Abdala (2025) describe new specimens of Jiucaiyuangnathus confusus from the Lower Triassic Jiucaiyuan Formation (China), interpret known specimens as early juveniles, as revise the diagnostic features of the studied taxon.[272]
- Evidence indicating that Thrinaxodon liorhinus was capable of and reliant on tympanic hearing similar to hearing of extant mammals is presented by Wilken et al. (2025).[273]
- Filippini, Abdala & Cassini (2025) provide new estimates of body mass for Andescynodon, Pascualgnathus, Massetognathus, Cynognathus and Exaeretodon.[274]
- Kerber et al. (2025) describe traversodontid postcranial material from the Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence at the Linha Várzea 1 site (Brazil), representing a morphotype distinct from other traversodontid postcranial remains from this locality.[275]
- A study on the bone histology of Luangwa drysdalli and Scalenodon angustifrons, providing evidence of different life histories of the studied cynodonts, is published by Kulik (2025).[276]
- A study on the anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of Luangwa sudamericana is published by Souza et al. (2025).[277]
- Medina et al. (2025) provide new information on the anatomy of the cranial endocast of Massetognathus pascuali, and describe the maxillary canal of the studied cynodont.[278]
- A study on changes in the skull anatomy of Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum during its ontogeny is published by Roese-Miron & Kerber (2025).[279]
- A study on the skull anatomy of Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum, including the first reconstruction of its cranial nerves and the first description of its inner ear, is published by Roese-Miron et al. (2025).[280]
- New specimen of Exaeretodon riograndensis, providing new information on the postcranial anatomy of members of this species, is described by Kerber et al. (2025).[281]
- A specimen of Exaeretodon riograndensis affected by traumatic fracture of ribs that limited its locomotion capabilities, and possibly surviving with help of other members of its group, is described from the Upper Triassic strata of the Santa Maria Supersequence (Brazil) by Doneda, Roese–Miron & Kerber (2025).[282]
- New information on the skull anatomy of Trucidocynodon riograndensis is provided by Kerber et al. (2025).[283]
- Dotto et al. (2025) describe fossil material of a prozostrodontian cynodont from the Upper Triassic strata from the Buriol site (Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone, Brazil), providing new information on the morphological diversity of teeth of Carnian probainognathians.[284]
- New information on the anatomy of Yuanotherium minor is provided by Liu, Ren & Mao (2025).[285]
- Description of the endocranial anatomy of Bienotheroides is published by Ren et al. (2025).[286]
- Description of new fossil material of Bienotheroides zigongensis from the Upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation (China) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of tritylodontids is published by Ren et al. (2025).[287]
- Averianov et al. (2025) report evidence of a dentary–squamosal jaw articulation in Xenocretosuchus sibiricus, providing evidence of development of such jaw articulation in a tritylodontid independently from those observed in tritheledontids and mammaliaforms.[288]
- Wang et al. (2025) describe a new mandible of Fossiomanus sinensis from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation (China), providing new information on the mandible shape and tooth morphology of members of this species.[289]
- A study on bite force capabilities and on mandible resistance to stress, bending and torsion in Brasilodon quadrangularis is published by Salcido et al. (2025).[290]
- Hai et al. (2025) describe a mandible of a juvenile specimen of Sinoconodon rigneyi from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation (China), providing new information on tooth replacement in members of this species.[291]
- Tumelty & Lautenschlager (2025) study the skull anatomy of Hadrocodium wui, and interpret the studied mammaliaform as not fully fossorial.[292]
Mammals
Other animals
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Malysheva |
Permian |
A sponge. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Rosse‐Guillevic et al. |
Ediacaran |
A rangeomorph petalonamid. The type species is A. coombsorum. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Botting et al. |
Ordovician (Hirnantian) |
A hexactinellid sponge. The type species is A. conica. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Jeon in Jeon et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Koumenzi Formation |
A member of Stromatoporoidea. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Disputed |
Pêgas et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) |
A vertebrate of uncertain affinities. Originally described as a pterosaur belonging to the family Ctenochasmatidae; subsequently considered to be an indeterminate ray-finned fish (possibly an amiid) by Unwin et al. (2026), who considered it to be a nomen dubium.[298] The type species is B. waridza. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Sheng & Aitchison |
Cambrian (Drumian–Guzhangian) |
Devoncourt Limestone |
A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Sebargasiidae. |
|||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Hsu & Hsiao |
Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) |
A hexactinellid sponge belonging to the family Euplectellidae; a replacement name for Walteriella Brückner (2006). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Parry et al. |
Cambrian (Drumian) |
A member of the family Dinomischidae, possibly belonging to the total group of Ctenophora. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peel |
A member of Hyolitha. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
McIlroy et al. |
Ediacaran |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pasinetti et al. |
Ediacaran |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rhebergen & Van Keulen |
Ordovician |
A demosponge belonging to the group Orchocladina and the family Chiastoclonellidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rhebergen & Van Keulen |
Ordovician |
A demosponge belonging to the group Orchocladina and the family Chiastoclonellidae. |
||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Rhebergen & Van Keulen |
Ordovician |
A demosponge belonging to the group Orchocladina and the family Chiastoclonellidae. The type species is C. verrucosus; genus also includes C. regularis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Zou et al. |
A sponge belonging to the group Ascospongiae. The type species is C. lii. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wu et al. |
A demosponge. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wu et al. |
Cambrian Stage 3 |
A demosponge. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Botting et al. |
Ordovician (Hirnantian) |
A hexactinellid sponge. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peel |
Cambrian (Wuliuan) |
Henson Gletscher Formation |
A member of Hyolithida. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Vinn in Vinn et al. |
Cambrian (Furongian) |
Tsitre Formation |
A possible polychaete. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Świerczewska-Gładysz & Jurkowska |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A demosponge. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Jeon in Jeon et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Koumenzi Formation |
A member of Stromatoporoidea. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Parry et al. |
Cambrian (Drumian) |
Marjum Formation |
A member of the family Dinomischidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valent, Fatka & Budil |
Ordovician |
A member of Hyolitha. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Botting et al. |
Ordovician (Hirnantian) |
A hexactinellid sponge. The type species is E. antiquus. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Peel |
Cambrian (Drumian) |
A relative of gnathiferans, particularly resembling Dakorhachis. The type species is F. laurentica. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Luo et al. |
Middle Jurassic |
A member of Acanthocephala. The type species is J. daohugouensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Mussini et al. |
Cambrian |
A member of Priapulida. The type species is K. spectatus. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Wang et al. |
Cambrian (Wuliuan) |
Mantou Formation |
A probable annelid. The type species is L. bilamellata. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Jeon et al. |
Ordovician |
A member of Stromatoporoidea. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Jeon in Jeon et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Koumenzi Formation |
A member of Stromatoporoidea. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Luo in Luo et al. |
A sponge belonging to the family Leptomitidae. The type species is L. helicolumna. |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
De Carle et al. |
Silurian (Telychian) |
A leech. The type species is M. siluricus. |
 | |||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Vinther et al. |
Cambrian |
A member of the family Nectocarididae. The type species is N. evasmithae. |
 | |||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Carrera, Botting & Cañas |
Ordovician (Dapingian) |
A sponge belonging to the group Heteractinida, possibly a member of the family Astraeospongiidae. The type species is N. asteria. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Luzhnaya |
Ediacaran |
An animal with colonial organization, possibly a sponge or a coelenterate-grade animal. Genus includes new species O. bondarenkoae. |
 | |||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang et al. |
Cambrian Series 2 |
Niutitang Formation |
A sponge (possibly a hexactinellid) belonging to the family Leptomitidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang et al. |
Cambrian Series 2 |
Niutitang Formation |
A sponge (possibly a hexactinellid) belonging to the family Leptomitidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kočí et al. |
Paleocene (Selandian) |
Kerteminde Marl Formation |
A polychaete belonging to the family Serpulidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Jeon in Jeon et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Koumenzi Formation |
A member of Stromatoporoidea. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Wang & Xiaoin Wang et al. |
Cambrian (Fortunian) |
Kuanchuanpu Formation |
A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the group Ajacicyathida. The type species is P. uniseriatus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Beschin et al. |
Eocene |
A serpulid annelid. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Manconi et al. |
Oligocene–Miocene |
A sponge belonging to the family Potamolepidae. Genus includes new species P. zealandiae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Botting et al. |
Ordovician (Hirnantian) |
A hexactinellid sponge. The type species is P. verrucosus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Jeon & Zhan in Jeon et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Koumenzi Formation |
A member of Stromatoporoidea. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jeon & Toom |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Adila Formation |
A member of Stromatoporoidea. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Mussini & Butterfield |
Cambrian |
Hess River Formation |
A scalidophoran. The type species is S. crypticum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Jeon in Jeon et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Koumenzi Formation |
A member of Stromatoporoidea. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Jeon in Jeon et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Koumenzi Formation |
A member of Stromatoporoidea. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Wang & Xiaoin Wang et al. |
Cambrian (Fortunian) |
Kuanchuanpu Formation |
A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the group Ajacicyathida. The type species is S. biseriatus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kočí & Goedert |
Oligocene |
A serpulid annelid. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Antropova & Silantiev |
Devonian (Famennian) |
A member of Stromatoporoidea. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Kimmig et al. |
Cambrian (Wuliuan) |
Langston Formation |
An animal of problematic affiliation. The type species is T. spencensis. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Parry et al. |
Cambrian (Drumian) |
Marjum Formation |
A member of the family Dinomischidae. The type species is T. cartwrightae. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Runnegar & Horodyski in Runnegar et al. |
Probably latest Ediacaran |
An erniettomorph. The type species is T. amabilia. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Kolesnikov et al. |
Permian (Asselian and Sakmarian) |
Sezym Formation |
A demosponge belonging to the family Anthaspidellidae. The type species is U. tchernyshevi; genus also includes "Stuckenbergia" artiensis Tchernychev (1898). |
|||
|
Gen. et 3 sp. nov |
Valid |
Rhebergen & Van Keulen |
Ordovician |
A demosponge belonging to the group Orchocladina and the family Chiastoclonellidae. The type species is W. cylindrica; genus also includes W. cratera and W. conica. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Gan & Liu in Gan et al. |
Triassic |
A probable animal embryo, possibly an embryo of an aquatic arthropod at the cleavage stage. The type species is Y. inornata. |
|||||
Other animal research
- Mitchell & Dhungana (2025) calculate the lifespans and relative evolutionary rates for Dickinsonia, Kimberella, Trepassia, Tribrachidium, Charnia, Ernietta, Avalofractus, Primocandelabrum, Charniodiscus and Fractofusus.[334]
- Evidence from the study of extant invertebrates, indicating that coprostane is not a gut biomarker for Ediacaran animals, is presented by Mulligan & Gold (2025), who propose that the coprostane signal in the fossils of Dickinsonia is a result of feeding on the microbial mats by the studied animal.[335]
- Possible dickinsoniomorph fossils, which if confirmed would provide evidence of survival the group into the latest Ediacaran, are described from the Nama Group (Namibia) by Gibson et al. (2025).[336]
- Surprenant & Droser (2025) develop a growth model for Funisia dorothea, providing evidence of a growth pattern different from that of Wutubus annularis.[337]
- Elias et al. (2025) describe superficially coral-like fossils from the Cambrian Mural Formation (Alberta and British Columbia, Canada), assigned to the species Rosellatana jamesi and interpreted as indicative of affinities with hypercalcified sponges.[338]
- Evidence of similarity of growth and mortality dynamics of Parvancorina minchami and extant small marine invertebrates is presented by Ivantsov et al. (2025).[339]
- Zhao et al. (2025) describe disc-like fossils from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation (China), preserving possibly remnants of the perioral musculature and innervation, and interpreted as probable fossils of eumetazoan-grade organisms.[340]
- Dunn, Donoghue & Liu (2025) describe a population of Fractofusus andersoni from the Mistaken Point Ecological Reserve (Newfoundland, Canada), and present a model of growth in the studied taxon.[341]
- Stephenson et al. (2025) report evidence from the study of fossils from the Ediacaran strata in Newfoundland (Canada) indicating that fragmentation of full specimens Fractofusus andersoni during disturbance events resulted in recolonization of the substrate on the basis reproductively active fragments, but find no evidence that survival of exceptionally large specimens of frondose taxa during the disturbance events resulted in a significant local recolonization afterwards, and argue that these differences are consistent with capacity of Avalon taxa to exhibit both local recolonization and long-distance dispersal.[342]
- Wu et al. (2025) describe fossil material of Charnia masoni and C. gracilis from the Ediacaran Zhoujieshan Formation (China), extending known geographic distribution of Charnia and demonstrating that it likely persisted into the latest Ediacaran.[343]
- Evidence from the study of extant demosponges, supporting the interpretation of C31 steranes in Neoproterozoic rocks as linked to the emergence of early sponges, is presented by Shawar et al. (2025).[344]
- Jia et al. (2025) study the composition of the assemblage of sponge spicules from the Cambrian Qingxi Formation in the Sanjiang area (Guangxi, China), reporting evidence of presence of complex forms such as pentactines and orthotetraenes.[345]
- Zhang et al. (2025) describe sponge spicule tufts from the Cambrian (Fortunian) lower Yanjiahe Formation (China), representing some of the oldest fossils of biomineralized sponges reported to date.[346]
- Olivier et al. (2025) identify probable chaetetid fossil material from the Triassic (Olenekian) strata in Rock Canyon (Arizona, United States), representing the oldest Mesozoic record of chaetetids reported to date.[347]
- Becker-Kerber et al. (2025) reevaluate skeletal organization of Corumbella on the basis of the study of new specimens from the Ediacaran Tamengo Formation (Brazil), interpreted as inconsistent with close affinities with scyphozoan cnidarians.[348]
- Kershaw & Li (2025) review the evolutionary history of hypercalcified sponges.[349]
- A study on possible causes of decline of stromatoporoid diversity during the early Devonian is published by Stock et al. (2025).[350]
- Huang, Sendino & Kershaw (2025) revise the fossil material of Devonian stromatoporoids from collections of the Natural History Museum, London, and revise the biogeography of Devonian stromatoporoids.[351]
- Wistort et al. (2025) identify cylindrical chert concretions from the Phosphoria Rock Complex as cryptic body fossils of Permian sponges rather than trace fossils, and interpret the studied sponges as likely partially growing above the sediment-water interface and partially buried within the substrate during their life, similar to modern sponges living within loose or unconsolidated sediments.[352]
- Purported early mollusc Shishania aculeata is reinterpreted as a chancelloriid by Yang et al. (2025).[353]
- Hu et al. (2025) report evidence of exceptional preservation of organic templates in chancelloriid sclerites from the Cambrian Houjiashan Formation (China), interpret their arrangement as indicating that the biomineralization of chancelloriid sclerites was controlled by epithelial cells, and interpret the biomineralization mode of chancelloriids as suggestive of their affinities with eumetazoans.[354]
- Yun et al. (2025) report evidence of preservation of integument microstructures in chancelloriid fossils from the Cambrian Yu'anshan Formation (China) and study the phylogenetic affinities of chancelloriids, recovering them as epitheliozoans most likely sharing a more recent common ancestor with eumetazoans than with placozoans.[355]
- A study on locomotory trace fossils from 12 formations from the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition, providing evidence of presence of probable bilateral eumetazoans with slender bodies with anterior-posterior body axes around 545 million years ago, is published by Wang & Miguez-Salas (2025).[356]
- Knaust & Duarte (2025) report the preservation of nemertean, polychaete and nematode fossils from the limestone and marlstone succession of the Pliensbachian Vale das Fontes and Lemede formations at the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point at Peniche (Portugal), and study the taphonomy of the described fossils.[357]
- Evidence from the study of Cambrian scalidophoran fossils, interpreted as indicating that the ventral nerve cord was ancestrally unpaired in scalidophorans, priapulids and possibly ecdysozoans in general, is presented by Wang et al. (2025).[358]
- Knaust (2025) identifies early Paleozoic trace fossils assigned to the ichnotaxon Skolithos linearis as most likely to be priapulid burrows.[359]
- Liu & Liu (2025) identify morphological differences between Corynetis brevis and C. fortis interpreted as likely related to different anchoring strategies, and report evidence of presence of two rows encircling the mouth of Corynetis, interpreted as likely having a sensory function.[360]
- Kovář & Fatka (2025) describe new lobopodian fossil material from the Cambrian Jince Formation (Czech Republic), extending known record of Cambrian hallucigeniid/luolishaniid lobopodians into the Drumian.[361]
- Knecht et al. (2025) redescribe Palaeocampa anthrax, interpret it as the youngest known "xenusiid" lobopodian, and report evidence of sclerite architecture distinct from those of other lobopodians, possibly related to the ability to secrete defensive chemicals.[362]
- Monge-Nájera & Añino (2025) argue that timing of diversification of extant onychophoran taxa from published DNA phylogenies indicates that indicative of survival of multiple onychophoran lineages through the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event in the areas affected by the Chicxulub impact.[363]
- Slater (2025) describes Cambrian protoconodonts preserved as small carbonaceous fossils from the Lontova Formation (Estonia) and from the Borgholm Formation (Sweden), and interprets the studied fossils as indicating that bilaterians with chaetognath-like grasping spines diverged by the latest Ediacaran.[364]
- Nanglu et al. (2025) identify borings in shells of the bivalve Babinka from the Ordovician Fezouata Formation (Morocco) interpreted as produced by parasitic polychaetes and possibly representing the oldest known fossil evidence of spionids.[365]
- Gómez, di Pasquo & Silvestri (2025) study two assemblages of Ordovician scolecodonts from the La Pola and Don Braulio formations (Argentina), and report evidence of differences in composition of the two studied assemblages, interpreted as related to tectonic activity, sea level changes, glacial events and extinctions across the Katian-Hirnantian.[366]
- Gao et al. (2025) describe new scolecodonts from the Silurian Miaogao Formation (Yunnan, China), extending known geographical range of members of the genus Langeites.[367]
- Shcherbakov et al. (2025) identify oligochaete cocoons in the Permian (Lopingian) strata of the Karaungir Lagerstätte (Kazakhstan), representing the oldest undoubted record of members of Clitellata reported to date.[368]
- Jamison-Todd et al. (2025) study trace fossils in marine reptile bones from the Upper Cretaceous Chalk Group (United Kingdom), produced by bone-eating worms and interpreted as likely indicative of high species diversity of Osedax during the early Late Cretaceous, and name new ichnotaxa Osspecus eunicefootia, O. morsus, O. campanicum, O. arboreum, O. automedon, O. frumentum and O. panatlanticum.[369]
- Jamison-Todd, Mannion & Upchurch (2025) identify boring produced by bone-eating worms in cetacean specimens from the Cenozoic strata from the Netherlands and the United States, including a specimen of Zyghorhiza kochii from the Eocene Yazoo Formation (Alabama) representing the oldest cetacean specimen with such borings reported to date, report evidence of high morphological diversity of the studied borings, and name a new ichnotaxon Osspecus pollardium described on the basis of borings from two teeth from the Neogene strata in the Netherlands.[370]
- Kiel et al. (2025) report evidence of presence of trace fossils produced by Osedax-like worms in a tympanic bulla of an Oligocene baleen whale from the Lincoln Creek Formation (Washington, United States), in spite of the bone of the studied bulla being as dense as those of extant whales, and identify collagen-bearing body parts of marine animals as possible sources of nutrients for Osedax.[371]
- Collareta et al. (2025) identify trace fossils preserved in shark teeth from the Pliocene offshore deposits of Tuscany (Italy) providing the first fossil evidence that Osedax-like worms fed on shark tooth dentine.[372]
- The oldest pectinariid fossils from North America reported to date are described from the Eocene or Oligocene strata of the Quimper and Makah formations (Washington, United States) by Kočí, Goedert & Rich (2025).[373]
- Evidence from the study of hyoliths from the Cambrian Sellick Hill Formation (Australia) and Ordovician Mójcza Limestone (Poland), indicative of similarities of early ontogeny of hyoliths and molluscs, is presented by Dzik (2025).[374]
- A study on fossil material of the tommotiid Lapworthella fasciculata from the Cambrian strata in Australia is published by Bicknell et al. (2025), who report evidence of increase of thickness of sclerites of L. fasciculata and increase of the frequency of perforated sclerites through time, and interpret these findings as the oldest evidence of evolutionary arms race between predator and prey reported to date.[375]
- Vinn et al. (2025) describe soft body impressions of Devonian tentaculitids from Armenia, and interpret reconstructed muscle system of tentaculitids as supporting their placement within Lophotrochozoa and possibly within Lophophorata.[376]
- New information on the morphology and growth pattern of the microconchid species Aculeiconchus sandbergi is provided by Opitek et al. (2025).[377]
- Pérez & Gomes (2025) argue that introduction of a replacement name Dendrobrachion[378] for a phylum of entoproct-like animals from Cambrian named by Hou et al. (2006),[379] was unwarranted, and resurrect the phylum name Dendrobrachia for the group including Phlogites.[380]
- Ma et al. (2025) describe fossil material of Pomatrum cf. P. ventralis from the Balang Formation (China), extending known range of this species to Cambrian Stage 4 and representing its first known record from outside the Chengjiang Biota.[381]
- A study on the taphonomy of yunnanozoan fossils from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte (China) is published by He et al. (2025), who contest claims of preservation of cellular cartilage and microfibrils made by Tian et al. (2022),[382] and argue that cellular-scale preservation of cartilaginous tissues in the studied fossils is unlikely.[383]
Foraminifera
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Consorti, Caus & Le Coze |
Late Cretaceous |
A replacement name for Alexina Hottinger & Caus (2009). |
||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Ismail et al. |
A member of Bolivinoididae. Genus includes B. longata and B. semilongata. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Acar & Bozkurt |
Eocene (Priabonian) |
A member of the family Alveolinidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Acar & Bozkurt |
Eocene (Priabonian) |
A member of the family Alveolinidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jalloh & Kaminski in Jalloh et al. |
Middle Jurassic (Callovian) |
Dhruma Formation |
A member of Lituolida belonging to the family Ammobaculinidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Altıner et al. |
Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Nodosariata belonging to the family Robuloididae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghanbarloo, Safari & Görmüş |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian) |
A member of the family Siderolitidae. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Le Coze et al. |
Carboniferous (Tournaisian) |
A replacement name for Tournayella moelleri var. uralica Malakhova (1956). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Altıner et al. |
Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Nodosariata belonging to the family Robuloididae. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Le Coze et al. |
Carboniferous (Bashkirian) |
A replacement name for Ammodiscus compactus var. maxima Potievskaya (1958). |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Kaminski & Korin |
A member of Pseudogaudryininae. The type species is F. sirhanensis. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Yadrenkin |
Triassic |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Jarvis, Dubicka & Chroustová |
Late Cretaceous (Santonian) |
Seaford Chalk Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Jarvis, Dubicka & Chroustová |
Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) |
Seaford Chalk Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Jarvis, Dubicka & Chroustová |
Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) |
Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Altıner et al. |
Permian (Capitanian to Changhsingian) |
A member of Miliolata belonging to the family Hemigordiopsidae. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Le Coze et al. |
Carboniferous (Viséan) |
A replacement name for Endothyra magna Grozdilova & Lebedeva (1954). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hikmahtiar |
Paleocene (Danian) |
Scaglia Rossa Formation |
A member of the family Ammodiscidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Schlagintweit & Rashidi in Schlagintweit et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
Tarbur Formation |
A member of the family Orbitolinidae. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Acar & Bozkurt |
Eocene (Priabonian) |
A calcarinid. The type species is H. spinigera. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Le Coze et al. |
Permian (Changhsingian) |
Nikitin Formation |
A replacement name for Frondicularia ornata Miklukho-Maklay (1954). |
|||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Falzoni, Rettori & Gale in Falzoni et al. |
Late Triassic and Early Jurassic |
|
A member of Ammodiscana belonging to the order Ataxophragmiida and the family Duotaxidae. The type species is "Tetrataxis" humilis Kristan (1957); genus also includes "Tetrataxis" inflata Kristan (1957). |
||||
|
Ssp. nov |
Okuyucu et al. |
Devonian-Carboniferous transition |
Yılanlı Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghanbarloo, Safari & Görmüş |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
Tarbur Formation |
A member of the family Loftusiidae. |
||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Le Coze et al. |
Carboniferous (Viséan) |
A replacement name for Eostaffella mediocris var. minima Durkina (1959). |
||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Le Coze et al. |
Permian (Artinskian) |
A replacement name for Nodosaria parva Lipina (1949). |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Krainer, Lucas & Vachard |
Carboniferous |
|
The type species is "Monotaxinoides" melanogaster Yarahmadzahi & Vachard (2019). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghanbarloo, Safari & Görmüş |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
Tarbur Formation |
A member of the family Orbitoididae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Altıner et al. |
Permian (Capitanian to Changhsingian) |
A member of Fusulinata belonging to the family Globivalvulinidae. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Le Coze et al. |
Carboniferous (Viséan) |
A replacement name for Endothyra arcuata var. evoluta Lebedeva (1954). |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Altıner et al. |
Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Nodosariata belonging to the family Robuloididae. The type species is P. taurica. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Le Coze et al. |
Carboniferous (Viséan) |
A replacement name for Eostaffella (?) nibelis subsp. lata Mikhno in Mikhno & Balakin (1975). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Jarvis, Dubicka & Chroustová |
Late Cretaceous (Santonian) |
Seaford Chalk Formation |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Sheng & Brenckle |
Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) |
|
A member of Fusulinata belonging to the family Globivalvulinidae. The type species is P. menardensis; genus also includes "Dzhamansorina" kipshakensis Marfenkova (1991). |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Altıner et al. |
Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Nodosariata, possibly belonging to the family Robuloididae. The type species is P. amplimuralis. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Le Coze et al. |
Permian |
A replacement name for Nodosaria elegantissima Suleymanov (1949). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Altıner et al. |
Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Miliolata belonging to the family Midiellidae. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Altıner et al. |
Permian (Lopingian) |
A member of Nodosariata belonging to the family Robuloididae. The type species is P. reicheli. |
|||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Barros, Haig & McCartain |
Middle and Late Triassic |
Aitutu Group |
A member of the family Variostomatidae. The type species is P. hortai; genus also includes new species P. xananai, as well as P. bilimbata (Hu in He & Hu, 1977), P. acutoangulata (Kristan-Tollmann, 1973), P. catilliforme (Kristan-Tollmann, 1960), P. cochlea (Kristan-Tollmann, 1960), P. crassum (Kristan-Tollmann, 1960), P. exile (Kristan-Tollmann, 1960), P. falcata (Kristan-Tollmann, 1973), P. hadrolimbata (Hu in He & Hu, 1977), P. helicta (Tappan, 1951), P. oberhauseri (Vettorel, 1988) and P. pralongense (Kristan-Tollmann, 1960). |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Altıner et al. |
Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Nodosariata belonging to the family Robuloididae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Altıner et al. |
Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Nodosariata belonging to the family Robuloididae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Altıner et al. |
Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Nodosariata belonging to the family Pachyphloiidae. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Le Coze et al. |
Carboniferous (Moscovian) |
A replacement name for Endothyra bradyi var. simplex Reitlinger (1950). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghanbarloo, Safari & Görmüş |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
Tarbur Formation |
A member of the family Siderolitidae. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Schlagintweit |
Late Cretaceous (Turonian) |
A probable member of the family Charentiidae. The type species is "Fleuryana" gediki Solak, Taslı & Koç (2020). |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Shreif et al. |
Eocene |
A nummulitid. The type species is "Operculina" canalifera d'Archiac & Haime (1853). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Jarvis, Dubicka & Chroustová |
Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) |
Seaford Chalk Formation |
|||||
Foraminiferal research
- A study on the impact of ocean chemistry changes on evolution of foraminiferal wall types throughout the Phanerozoic is published by Faulkner et al. (2025), who find that changes of foraminiferal wall types were mostly driven by short-term ocean chemistry changes.[403]
- The first fossil material of Devonian foraminifera from northern Gondwana reported to date is described from the Mader Basin (Morocco) by Dubicka & Rakociński (2025).[404]
- Zhang et al. (2025) study the fossil record of Carboniferous and Permian fusuline forams, and report evidence indicating that warming events resulted in diversity losses in the studied group, while long-term cooling promoted its diversification.[405]
- Evidence from the study of Carnian foraminiferal assemblages from the Erguan section in Guizhou and Quxia section in South Tibet (China), interpreted as indicating that there were no significant extinctions of foraminifera during the Carnian pluvial episode in the studied regions, is presented by Li et al. (2025).[406]
- Evidence from the study of foraminifera from the Cretaceous-Paleogene section from Bidart (France), indicating that the calcification stress related to Deccan volcanism affected planktic foraminifera but did not significantly affect benthic foraminifera, is presented by Patra et al. (2025).[407]
- A study on changes of composition of benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the Scaglia Rossa Formation (Italy), providing evidence of shifts in the type of organic matter available to benthic organisms rather than a complete collapse of flux of organic carbon to the seafloor during the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition, is published by Kaminski, Hikmahtiar & Cetean (2025).[408]
- A study on the composition of planktic foraminiferal assemblages from the Atlantic Ocean during the Eocene, providing evidence that they lacked resilience during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum, is published by Sigismondi et al. (2025).[409]
- The oldest known fossils of members of Pavonitininae are described from the Priabonian strata of the Rashrashiyah Formation (Saudi Arabia) by Korin et al. (2025).[410]
- Evidence of changes in morphology of members of nummulites from the Pande Formation (Tanzania), interpreted as likely related to environmental changes during the Eocene–Oligocene transition, is presented by Koorapati, Moon & Cotton (2025).[411]
- Dowsett et al. (2025) study the fossil record of planktic foraminifera from the Pliocene, and interpret their findings as overall indicative of stable temperature preferences of members of the studied species since the Late Pliocene.[412]
Other organisms
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Esteves et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
A chitinozoan. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wu, Liang & Lu |
Devonian |
Nahkaoling Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jonckheere et al. |
Silurian |
A chitinozoan. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghavidel-Syooki |
Ordovician |
Ghelli Formation |
An acritarch. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghavidel-Syooki |
Ordovician |
Ghelli Formation |
An acritarch. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghavidel-Syooki |
Ordovician |
Ghelli Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Esteves et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Grant Lake Limestone |
A chitinozoan. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ouyang et al. |
Ediacaran |
An acanthomorph acritarch. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jonckheere et al. |
Silurian |
Jupiter Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Esteves et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Kope Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Esteves et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
A chitinozoan. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Green et al. |
Cambrian |
A eukaryote of uncertain affinities, possibly a testate/loricate protist. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghavidel-Syooki |
Ordovician |
Ghelli Formation |
An acritarch. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jonckheere et al. |
Silurian |
A chitinozoan. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Zhao et al. |
Ediacaran |
Dengying Formation |
A discoidal macrofossil, reminiscent of the medusae and other medusoid forms from the Neoproterozoic. The type species is C. jiangchuanensis. |
 | |||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghavidel-Syooki |
Ordovician |
Ghelli Formation |
An acritarch. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ouyang et al. |
Ediacaran |
Doushantuo Formation |
An acanthomorph acritarch. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghavidel-Syooki |
Ordovician |
Ghelli Formation |
An acritarch. |
||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Peel |
Cambrian (Wuliuan) |
Henson Gletscher Formation |
An organism of uncertain affinities, with similarities to cyanobacteria from the family Epiphytaceae. The type species is H. tavsenica; genus also includes H. hensoniensis. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Esteves et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Kope Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Esteves et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Kope Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Esteves et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
A chitinozoan. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Esteves et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Kope Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Esteves et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Bull Fork Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Esteves et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Kope Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Camina et al. |
Devonian |
Los Monos Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Peel |
Cambrian (Wuliuan) |
Henson Gletscher Formation |
Tubes of an organism of uncertain affinities. The type species is L. groenlandicus. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pasinetti et al. |
Ediacaran |
An organism of uncertain affinities, with similarities to sponges. The type species is L. jiggamintia. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rodriguez Dzul et al. |
Neoproterozoic |
Diabaig Formation |
An organic-walled microfossil, representing either a large cyanobacterial aggregate or a microalga. The type species is M. multicatenaria. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghavidel-Syooki |
Ordovician |
Ghelli Formation |
An acritarch. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Esteves et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Bull Fork Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Wu et al. |
Ordovician (Darriwilian) |
Kelimoli Formation |
A radiolarian. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghavidel-Syooki |
Ordovician |
Ghelli Formation |
An acritarch. |
||||
|
Gen. nov |
Valid |
Xiao et al. |
Cambrian |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghavidel-Syooki |
Ordovician |
Ghelli Formation |
An acritarch. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghavidel-Syooki |
Ordovician |
Ghelli Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghavidel-Syooki |
Ordovician |
Ghelli Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jonckheere et al. |
Silurian |
A chitinozoan. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jonckheere et al. |
Silurian |
Menier Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Razumkova |
Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian) |
An acritarch. Genus includes new species P. annulatum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Camina et al. |
Devonian |
Los Monos Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Vishnevskaya |
Cretaceous |
Upper Bazhenov Formation |
A radiolarian of family Echinocampidae. The type species is S. gatovskii. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Ghavidel-Syooki |
Ordovician |
Ghelli Formation |
An acritarch. |
||||
|
Gen. nov |
Valid |
Xiao et al. |
Cambrian |
A cyanobacterium. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Esteves et al. |
Ordovician (Katian) |
Bull Fork Formation |
A chitinozoan. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Razumkova |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
Uvat Formation |
An acritarch. Genus includes new species T. angusta. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ouyang et al. |
Ediacaran |
Doushantuo Formation |
An acanthomorph acritarch. |
|||
Research on other organisms
- Evidence from the study of microbial DNA from mammoth remains spanning over 1 million years, indicative of presence of host-associated microbes related to extant members of the genera Actinobacillus, Erysipelothrix, Streptococcus and Pasteurella (including relatives of extant bacteria linked to the deaths of African elephants), is presented by Guinet et al. (2025).[427]
- Review of the fossil record of the late Paleoproterozoic to the latest Tonian eukaryotes and a study on their diversity patterns is published by Porter et al. (2025), who find the fossil evidence insufficient to conclude whether the Tonian radiation of eukaryotes was a real event or an artifact of sampling of the fossil record.[428]
- Evidence from the study of microfossils from the 1.78–1.73 billion years old McDermott Formation (Australia), indicative of diversity of morphologies, feeding strategies and behavior of early eukaryotes, is presented by Javaux (2025).[429]
- Saint Martin et al. (2025) identify body fossils of Palaeopascichnus in the Neoproterozoic Histria Formation (Romania), providing evidence of the Ediacaran age of the studied formation.[430]
- A new assemblage of probable tubular microfossils of silicified soft-bodied organisms, with a preservation mode different from other known Neoproterozoic fossils, is described from the Dzhetym Group (Kyrgyzstan) by Moore et al. (2025).[431]
- Chen et al. (2025) describe vendotaenid fossils from the Ediacaran Tabia Member of the Adoudou Formation (Morocco) and study the temporal distribution of Lanceoforma, Tyrasotaenia and Vendotaenia, reporting that the three taxa appeared before the Ediacaran.[432]
- Kolesnikov, Pan'kova & Pan'kov (2025) report the discovery of a new assemblage of soft-bodied organisms from the Ediacaran Chernyi Kamen Formation (Russia), including fossils of Palaeopascichnus, Mawsonites, Hiemalora and putative rangeomorphs.[433]
- Lonsdale et al. (2025) describe ribbon-like fossils from the Ediacaran Deep Spring Formation (Nevada, United States), interpreted as probable fossil material of vendotaenids and extending their known geographical range during the late Ediacaran.[434]
- Evidence of sustained shift in morphology of organic-walled microfossils during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition, interpreted as likely linked to nutrient limitation resulting from environmental perturbations, is presented by Tingle et al. (2025).[435]
- Xiao et al. (2025) study the fossil record of radiolarians from the middle Permian to Middle Triassic, and find evidence of different trends of evolution of body size in members of four radiolarian orders and in radiolarians from different latitudes during the Permian–Triassic extinction event.[436]
- Fossil evidence of survival of albaillellarian radiolarians into the Triassic is reported from the Nanpihe bridge section of the Changning-Menglian belt (Yunnan, China) by Zheng et al. (2025).[437]
- Erba et al. (2025) identify calcareous nannofossils in the Lower and Middle Triassic marine successions from South China, extending known fossil record of coccolithophores to the Early Triassic.[438]
- Slater, Demangel & Richoz (2025) identify impressions of calcium carbonate skeletons of coccolithophores in the Ladinian strata from Austria and Switzerland, and interpret this finding as suggestive of a diversification of marine calcifying organisms after the Permian–Triassic extinction event, resulting in the first appearance (or reappearance of Lazarus taxa after this extinction event) of several unrelated marine calcifiers coinciding with the first appearance of coccolithophores.[439]
- Evidence from the study of new calcareous nannofossil assemblage data from the Campbell Plateau (Pacific Ocean), indicative of changes in the composition of nannoplankton approximately 200,000 years before the onset of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, is presented by Jones et al. (2025), who interpret the reported changes as related to a previously unrecognized precursor event evidenced by decrease in bulk sediment δ13C and likely associated with warming and unstable surface ocean environments.[440]
- Vodička et al. (2025) report the discovery of an assemblage of Margachitina margaritana from the Silurian strata of the Builth Mudstones Formation (United Kingdom), interpreted as resulting from egg laying and as evidence supporting the animal affinities of chitinozoans.[441]