Lists of earthquakes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. They range from weak events detectable only by seismometers, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the biggest disasters in human history. Below, there are earthquakes listed by period, region or country, year, magnitude, cost, fatalities, and number of scientific studies.

Earthquakes (6.0+ Mw) between 1900 and 2017

Deadliest earthquakes

See also: List of deadliest 20th-century earthquakes per year and List of deadliest 21st-century earthquakes per year

The following is a summary list of earthquakes with over approximately 100,000 deaths.[1] The 893 Ardabil earthquake is most likely the same as the 893 Dvin earthquake, due to misreading of the Arabic word for Dvin, "Dabil" as "Ardabil".[2][3]

More information Event, Date ...
Event Date Location Fatal­ities Magni­tude Notes on fatalities
1976 Tangshan earthquake July 27, 1976 China Hebei, China 300,000+[4] 7.6 Internal Tangshan reports found 263,299 local deaths. Official nationwide deaths stated to be 242,769. Scholars estimated >300,000.[4][5]
1920 Haiyuan earthquake December 16, 1920 Republic of China (1912–1949) Ningxia–Gansu, China 273,400 7.8 Previously cited death toll was 230,000 and this figure was revised in 2010.[6][7]
526 Antioch earthquake May 21, 526 Byzantine Empire Antioch, Byzantine Empire (modern-day Turkey) 250,000[8] 7.0[9] Procopius (II.14.6), sources based on John of Ephesus.
1139 Ganja earthquake September 30, 1139 Ganja, Seljuk Empire (modern-day Azerbaijan Azerbaijan) 230,000–300,000[10]7.0 Mw Death toll may have been a historical conflation with earthquakes on November 1137 in the Jazira plain and the 1138 Aleppo earthquake.[11]
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami December 26, 2004 Indonesia Sumatra, Indonesia 227,898 9.2 Death toll includes those missing and presumed dead.[10]
1303 Hongdong earthquake July 25, 1303 Shanxi, Yuan dynasty (modern-day China China) 200,000[12] 8.0
856 Damghan earthquake December 22, 856 Damghan, Abbasid Caliphate (modern-day Iran Iran) 200,000 7.9 Ms
1138 Aleppo earthquake October 11, 1138 Aleppo, Seljuk Empire (modern-day Syria Syria) 130,000–230,000[13] 7.1[13] The figure of 230,000 dead is based on a historical conflation of this earthquake with earthquakes in November 1137 on the Jazira plain and the 1139 Ganja earthquake in the Azerbaijani city of Ganja. The first mention of a 230,000 death toll was by Ibn Taghribirdi in the fifteenth century.[11]
533 Aleppo earthquake November 29, 533 Byzantine Empire Aleppo, Byzantine Empire (modern-day Syria) 130,000[14]Unknown
1908 Messina earthquake December 28, 1908 Kingdom of Italy Messina, Kingdom of Italy 120,000[15] 7.1 Ms  The epicentre was in the Strait of Messina which separates Sicily from the Italian mainland, affecting also the city of Reggio Calabria.[16]
1948 Ashgabat earthquake October 5, 1948 Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR (modern-day Turkmen­istan) 110,000 7.3 Ms Previously cited death toll was 10,000 until a news release on December 9, 1988, advised that the correct death toll was 110,000.[10]
1923 Great Kantō earthquake September 1, 1923 Empire of Japan Kantō region, Japan 105,385[17] 7.9 Casualty estimates range from 100,000 to 142,800, the latter figure including 40,000 missing later presumed dead.
1556 Shaanxi earthquake January 23, 1556 Shaanxi, modern-day China China 100,000 8.0 Direct deaths thought to be just over 100,000 while about 730,000 people died from famines or migrated elsewhere.[18][19][20][21]
2010 Haiti earthquake January 12, 2010 Haiti Haiti 46,000–316,000 7.0 Estimates vary from 316,000 (Haitian government) to 222,570 (UN OCHA estimate)[22] to 158,000 (Medicine, Conflict and Survival) to between 46,000 and 85,000 (report commissioned by USAID).[23][24]
1290 Zhili earthquake September 27, 1290 Ningcheng, Yuan dynasty (modern-day China China) 7,000–100,000 6.8 Ms  Estimates also suggests lower values of at least 7,000.[25]
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Deadliest earthquakes by year since 1920

More information Date, Magni­tude ...
Date Magni­tude Location Depth (km) MMI Deaths Notes
December 16, 1920 7.9 China, Ningxia 15.0 XII 273,407
November 11, 1922 8.3–8.6 Chile, Atacama 35.0 XI 1,000
September 1, 1923 7.9–8.2 Japan, Kanagawa Prefecture 23.0 XI 142,800
April 14, 1924 8.3 Philippines, Davao Region 15.0 IX 500
March 16, 1925 6.9–7.0 China, Yunnan 26.0 IX 5,000
October 22, 1926 6.0 Turkey, Kars Province 7.0 IX 360
May 22, 1927 7.7 China, Gansu 15.0 XI 40,912
December 1, 1928 7.6 Chile, Maule Region 20.0 IX 279
May 1, 1929 7.2 Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, Ahal Region 10.0 IX 3,257–3,800
July 23, 1930 6.6 Italy, Irpinia 15.0 X 1,404
August 10, 1931 8.0 China, Xinjiang Province 20.0 XI 10,000
May 20, 1932 5.4 Persia, Mazandaran province 12.0 VIII 1,070
August 25, 1933 7.3 China, Sichuan Province 15.0 X 6,865–9,300
January 15, 1934 8.0   Nepal, Koshi 15.0 X 10,700–12,000
May 30, 1935 7.7 British Raj, Khanate of Kalat 15.0 X 30,000–60,000
April 1, 1936 6.8 China, Guangxi Province 0.0 IX 1,001
July 31, 1937 6.9 China, Shandong Province 25.0 IX 3,252
April 19, 1938 6.6 Turkey, Kırşehir Province 10.0 IX 224
December 26, 1939 7.8 Turkey, Erzincan Province 20.0 XII 32,700–32,968
November 10, 1940 7.7 Romania, Vrancea County 133.0 X 1,000
January 11, 1941 5.8–6.5 Yemen, Razih District 35.0 VIII 1,200
December 20, 1942 7.0 Turkey, Erbaa 10.0 IX 3,000
November 26, 1943 7.5 Turkey, Çankırı 20.0 XI 2,824–5,000
January 15, 1944 7.0 Argentina, San Juan 15.0 IX 10,000
November 27, 1945 8.1 British Raj, Makran Coast 15.0 X 300–4,000
August 4, 1946 7.8 Dominican Republic, Samaná 15.0 IX 2,550
November 1, 1947 7.7 Peru, Junín Province 20.0 IX 233–2,233
October 5, 1948 7.3 Soviet Union, Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic 15.0 X 10,000–110,000
July 10, 1949 7.5 Soviet Union, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic 18.0 IX 7,200
August 15, 1950 8.6 India, Assam 15.0 XI 4,800
May 6, 1951 5.9–6.2 El Salvador, Usulután 85.0 VIII 400–1,100
November 4, 1952 9.0 Soviet Union, Russian Soviet Socialist Republic 21.6 XI 2,336
March 18, 1953 7.5 Turkey, Balıkesir Province 10.0 IX 1,070
September 9, 1954 6.7 France, Chlef Province, Algeria 15.0 XI 1,243–1,409
March 31, 1955 7.4 Philippines, Western Mindanao 35.0 VIII 465
October 31, 1956 6.4 Iran, Hormozgan 15.0 VII 347
December 13, 1957 6.5 Iran, Hamadan 15.0 VII 1,130
August 16, 1958 6.7 Iran, Lorestan 15.0 VII 132
August 18, 1959 7.3 United States, Montana 5.0 X 28
February 29, 1960 5.8 Morocco, Souss-Massa 15.0 X 12,000–15,000
June 11, 1961 6.4 Iran, Fars province 15.0 VIII 60
September 1, 1962 7.1 Iran, Qazvin province 10.0 IX 12,225
July 26, 1963 6.1 Yugoslavia, Macedonia 15.0 X 1,070
March 28, 1964 9.2–9.3 United States, Alaska 25.0 XI 131
March 28, 1965 7.4–7.6 Chile, Valparaíso Region 70.0 IX 400–500
March 22, 1966 6.8 China, Hebei 20.0 IX 8,064
July 30, 1967 6.6 Venezuela, Vargas 25.0 VIII 225–300
August 31, 1968 7.1 Iran, South Khorasan province 10.0 X 15,900
July 25, 1969 6.4 China, Guangdong 20.0 VIII 3,000
May 31, 1970 7.9 Peru, Ancash 45.0 VIII 66,794–70,000
May 22, 1971 6.6 Turkey, Bingöl 10.0 VIII 875[26]
April 10, 1972 6.7 Iran, Fars 10.0 IX 5,374
February 6, 1973 7.6 China, Sichuan 11.0 X 2,175–2,204
May 10, 1974 7.1 China, Yunnan 14.0 IX 1,641–20,000
September 6, 1975 6.7 Turkey, Diyarbakır 26.0 IX 2,311
July 27, 1976 7.6 China, Hebei 12.2 XI 242,719–655,000
March 4, 1977 7.5 Romania, Vrancea 85.3 IX 1,700
September 16, 1978 7.4 Iran, Yazd 33.0 IX 15,000–25,000
December 12, 1979 8.2 Colombia, Nariño 33.0 IX 300–600
October 10, 1980 7.1 Algeria, Chlef 10.0 X 2,633–5,000
June 11, 1981 6.6 Iran, Kerman 33.0 VIII 3,000
December 13, 1982 6.2 North Yemen, Dhamar 10.0 VIII 2,800
October 30, 1983 6.6 Turkey, Erzurum 15.0 IX 1,340
September 13, 1984 6.3 Japan, Nagano 2.0 VIII 14
September 19, 1985 8.0 Mexico, Michoacán 20.0 IX 5,000–45,000
October 10, 1986 5.7 El Salvador, San Salvador 10.0 IX 1,000–1,500
March 6, 1987 7.1 Ecuador, Sucumbíos 10.0 IX 1,000
December 7, 1988 6.8 Soviet Union, Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic 5.0 X 25,000–50,000
January 22, 1989 5.3 Soviet Union, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic 33.0 VII 274
June 20, 1990 7.4 Iran, Gilan 18.5 X 35,000–40,000
October 19, 1991 6.8 India, Uttarkashi 11.6 IX 768–2,000[27]
December 12, 1992 7.8 Indonesia, Flores Sea offshore 27.7 VIII 2,500[28]
September 29, 1993 6.2 India, Latur 10.0 VIII 9,748
June 6, 1994 6.8 Colombia, Cauca 12.1 IX 1,100
January 16, 1995 6.9 Japan, Kobe 21.9 XI 5,502–6,434
February 3, 1996 6.6 China, Yunnan 10.0 X 309–322
May 10, 1997 7.3 Iran, Khorasan 10.0 X 1,567
May 30, 1998 6.5 Afghanistan, Takhar 33.0 VII 4,000–4,500
August 17, 1999 7.6 Turkey, İzmit 17.0 X 17,127–18,373
June 4, 2000 7.9 Indonesia, Enggano Island offshore 44.0 VI 103[29]
January 26, 2001 7.6 India, Bhuj 16.0 X 13,805–20,023
March 25, 2002 6.1 Afghanistan, Baghlan Province 8.0 VII 1,200
December 26, 2003 6.6 Iran, Bam 15.0 IX 34,000
December 26, 2004 9.1–9.3 Indonesia, Sumatra offshore 30.0 IX 227,898
October 8, 2005 7.6 Pakistan, Balakot 15.0 XI 86,000–87,351
May 26, 2006 6.4 Indonesia, Yogyakarta 10.0 IX 5,749[30]
August 15, 2007 8.0 Peru, Ica offshore 39.0 IX 595
May 12, 2008 7.9 China, Sichuan 19.0 XI 87,587
September 30, 2009 7.6 Indonesia, Padang offshore 90.0 VII[31] 1,115
January 12, 2010 7.0 Haiti, Léogâne 13.0 X 46,000–160,000
March 11, 2011 9.1 Japan, Sendai offshore 29.0 XI 19,759 The following tsunami led to about 18,500 deaths.
August 11, 2012 6.4 Iran, East Azerbaijan 9.0 VIII 306
September 24, 2013 7.7 Pakistan, Balochistan 15.0 IX 825
August 3, 2014 6.1 China, Yunnan 10.0 IX 617
April 25, 2015 7.8   Nepal, Gorkha District 8.2 X 8,962
April 16, 2016 7.8 Ecuador, Esmeraldas 20.6 VIII[32] 676
November 12, 2017 7.3 IranIraq Iran–Iraq border Region 19.0 IX 630
September 28, 2018 7.5 Indonesia, Palu 20.0 X 4,340
November 26, 2019 6.4 Albania, Durrës 10.0 VIII 51
October 30, 2020 7.0 Greece
Turkey
Aegean Sea		 21.0 VIII 119
August 14, 2021 7.2 Haiti, Nippes 10.0 IX 2,248
June 21, 2022 6.0 Afghanistan, Khost 10.0 VIII 1,052–1,163
February 6, 2023 7.8 & 7.7 Turkey, Southeastern Anatolia
Ba'athist Syria Syria, Aleppo and Idlib		 10.0 & 7.4 XII 59,488–62,013 These were two earthquakes of magnitudes 7.8 and 7.7.
January 1, 2024 7.5 Japan, Ishikawa 10.0 X 645
March 28, 2025 7.7 Myanmar, Sagaing Region
Thailand		 10.0 X 5,456
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Strongest earthquakes by magnitude

A pie chart comparing the seismic moment release of the three strongest earthquakes for the hundred-year period from 1906 to 2005 with that for all earthquakes of magnitudes <6, 6 to 7, 7 to 8, and >8 for the same period. The 2011 Japan quake would be roughly similar to Sumatra.
Earthquakes of magnitude 8.0 and greater from 1900 to 2018. The apparent 3D volumes of the bubbles are linearly proportional to their respective fatalities.[33] The colour indicates the continent, and the legend counts the number of quakes for each. Notice the absence of Africa.

For those which occurred before the development and deployment of seismographs – starting around 1900 – magnitudes are estimated from historical reports of the extent and severity of damage.[34]

More information Rank, Date ...
Rank Date Location Event Magnitude
1 May 22, 1960 Chile Valdivia, Chile 1960 Valdivia earthquake 9.4–9.6[35]
2 March 27, 1964 United States Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States 1964 Alaska earthquake 9.2–9.3[36]
December 26, 2004 Indonesia Sumatra, Indonesia 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake 9.2–9.3[37][38]
4 March 11, 2011 Japan Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan 2011 Tōhoku earthquake 9.0–9.1[39][40]
5 November 4, 1952 Soviet Union Kamchatka, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake 8.8–9.0[41]
6 February 27, 2010 Chile Maule, Chile 2010 Chile earthquake 8.8[42]
July 30, 2025 Russia Kamchatka, Russia 2025 Kamchatka earthquake 8.8[43]
January 31, 1906 EcuadorColombia Esmeraldas, Ecuador – Colombia 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake 8.5–8.8[44]
9 February 3, 1965 United States Rat Islands, Alaska, United States 1965 Rat Islands earthquake 8.7[45]
August 15, 1950 IndiaChina Assam, India – Tibet, China 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake 8.7[46]
11 April 1, 1946 United States Aleutian Islands, Alaska, United States 1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake 8.6[46]
March 9, 1957 United States Andreanof Islands, Alaska, United States 1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake 8.6[46]
March 28, 2005 Indonesia Sumatra, Indonesia 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake 8.6[46]
April 11, 2012 Indonesia Sumatra, Indonesia 2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes 8.6[46]
15 November 11, 1922 Chile Atacama, Chile 1922 Vallenar earthquake 8.3–8.6[47]
February 1, 1938 Dutch East Indies Banda Sea, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies) 1938 Banda Sea earthquake 8.5–8.6
17 March 2, 1933 Japan Iwate Prefecture, Japan 1933 Sanriku earthquake 8.4–8.5[48]
October 13, 1963 Soviet Union Kuril Islands, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union 1963 Kuril Islands earthquake 8.5[49]
September 12, 2007 Indonesia Bengkulu Province, Indonesia 2007 Bengkulu earthquakes 8.4–8.5[50]
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Pre-instrumental earthquakes

More information Date, Location ...
Date Location Event Magnitude (est.)
July 8, 1730 Spanish Empire Valparaíso, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1730 Valparaíso earthquake 9.1–9.3[51]
October 17, 1737 Russian Empire Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Empire 1737 Kamchatka earthquake 9.0–9.3
December 16, 1575 Spanish Empire Valdivia, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1575 Valdivia earthquake 9.0
November 24, 1604 Spanish Empire Arica, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1604 Arica earthquake 9.0
May 17, 1841 Russian Empire Kamchatka, Russian Empire 1841 Kamchatka earthquake 9.0
November 17, 1837 Chile Valdivia, Chile 1837 Valdivia earthquake 8.8–9.5[52]
August 31, 1420 Chile Pacific Ocean, Atacama region (now Atacama, Chile) 1420 Caldera earthquake 8.8–9.4
November 25, 1833 Dutch East Indies Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies) 1833 Sumatra earthquake 8.8–9.2
August 13, 1868 Peru Arica, Peru (now part of present-day Chile) 1868 Arica earthquake 8.8–9.1[53]
November 26, 1852 Dutch East Indies Banda Islands, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies) 1852 Banda Sea earthquake 8.8[54]
October 28, 1707 Japan Pacific Ocean, Shikoku region, Japan 1707 Hōei earthquake 8.7–9.3[55]
January 26, 1700 Spanish Empire Pacific Ocean, US, and Canada (then claimed by the Spanish Empire and the British Empire) 1700 Cascadia earthquake 8.7–9.2
May 9, 1877 Peru Iquique, Chile (then Peru) 1877 Iquique earthquake 8.7–8.9
October 20, 1687 Spanish Empire Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1687 Peru earthquake 8.7
July 13, 869 Japan Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan 869 Jōgan earthquake 8.6–9.0
October 28, 1746 Spanish Empire Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1746 Lima–Callao earthquake 8.6–8.8
September 20, 1498 Japan Pacific Ocean, Chūbu region, Japan 1498 Meiō earthquake 8.6
March 28, 1787 Spanish Empire Oaxaca, Mexico (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1787 New Spain earthquake 8.6
February 2, 1816 Kingdom of Portugal Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal 1816 North Atlantic earthquake 8.6
November 1, 1755 Kingdom of Portugal Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal 1755 Lisbon earthquake 8.5–9.0
April 2, 1762 Chittagong, Bangladesh (then Kingdom of Mrauk U) 1762 Arakan earthquake 8.5–8.8
July 21, 365 Greece Mediterranean Sea, Crete, Greece 365 Crete earthquake 8.5
August 24, 1356 Kingdom of Portugal Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal 1356 Lisbon earthquake 8.5
July 25, 1668 Qing dynasty Shandong, China 1668 Shandong earthquake 8.5[56]
May 24, 1751 Spanish Empire Concepción, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1751 Concepción earthquake 8.5
March 31, 1761 Kingdom of Portugal Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal 1761 Lisbon earthquake 8.5[57]
April 4, 1819 Chile Copiapó, Chile 1819 Copiapó earthquake 8.5[52]
November 19, 1822 Chile Valparaíso, Chile 1822 Valparaíso earthquake 8.5
February 20, 1835 Chile Concepción, Chile 1835 Concepción earthquake 8.5
February 8, 1843 Guadeloupe region, Lesser Antilles 1843 Guadeloupe earthquake 8.5[58]
February 16, 1861 Dutch East Indies Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies) 1861 Sumatra earthquake 8.5
June 15, 1896 Empire of Japan Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Empire of Japan 1896 Sanriku earthquake 8.5
June 6, 1505 Nepal Himalayas, northern Nepal 1505 Lo Mustang earthquake 8.2–8.8
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Strongest earthquakes by magnitude each year since 1907

More information Year, Date ...
Year Date Mag­ni­tu­de Location Depth (km) MMI Deaths Inju­ries
1907 January 4, 1907[59] 8.2 Dutch East Indies, Sumatra 25.0 IV-V 2,188 -
1908 March 26, 1908[60] 7.5 Mexico, Guerrero 25.0 – - -
1909 July 7, 1909[61] 7.7 Afghanistan, Badakhshan 200.0 – - -
1910 April 12, 1910[62] 8.1 JapanTaiwan Sakishima Islands-Taiwan region 235.0 – 60 -
1911 June 15, 1911[63] 7.9 Japan, Ryukyu Islands 150.0 IX - -
1912 May 23, 1912[64] 7.9 Myanmar, Shan 15.0 IX - -
1913 March 14, 1913[65] 7.9 Philippines, Mindanao 15.0 IX 138 -
1914 May 26, 1914[66] 8.2 Dutch East Indies, Papua 15.0 - 100+ -
1915 May 1, 1915[67] 7.8 Russian Empire, Kuril Islands 30.0 - – -
1916 January 1, 1916[68] 8.0 Territory of New Guinea, East New Britain 35.0 - – -
1917 May 1, 1917[69] 8.2 New Zealand, Kermadec Islands 15.0 - – -
1918 August 15, 1918[70] 8.3 Philippines, Mindanao 20.0 - 52 -
1919 April 30, 1919[71] 8.1 Tonga 25.0 - – -
1920 June 5, 1920[72] 8.2 Taiwan, Hualien 20.0 VII – -
1921 November 15, 1921[73] 7.8 Afghanistan, Badakhshan 240.0 V – -
1922 November 11, 1922[74] 8.3–8.6 Chile, Atacama 70.0 - 500 -
1923 February 3, 1923[75] 8.4 Soviet Union, Kamchatka Krai 15.0 - 3 -
1924 April 10, 1924[76] 8.1 Philippines, Mindanao 15.0 - 500 -
1925 November 10, 1925[77] 7.3 Dutch East Indies, Papua 15.0 - - -
1926 October 26, 1926[78] 7.6 Dutch East Indies, Papua 35.0 - - -
1927 May 22, 1927[79] 7.7 Republic of China, Gansu 15.0 - 40,900 -
1928 June 17, 1928[80] 8.0 Mexico, Oaxaca 15.0 - 4 -
1929 June 26, 1929[81] 8.1 United Kingdom, South Sandwich Islands region 15.0 - - -
1930 December 3, 1930[82] 7.5 British Burma, Bago 10.0 IX 30 -
1931 June 3, 1931[83] 7.9 China, Xinjiang 10.0 X 10,000 -
1932 June 3, 1932[84] 8.1 Mexico, Jalisco 35.0 X 400 -
1933 March 2, 1933[48] 8.4–8.5 Japan, Sanriku coast 15.0 V 3,000 -
1934 January 15, 1934[85] 8.0   Nepal, Sagarmatha Zone 15.0 X 10,700 -
1935 September 20, 1935[86] 7.8 New Guinea, Sandaun Province 35.0 VII 0 0
1936 April 1, 1936[87] 7.8 Dutch East Indies, Talaud Islands 35.0 IX 0 0
1937 January 7, 1937[88] 7.8  China, Qinghai 15.0 VIII 0 0
1938 February 1, 1938[89][46] 8.5–8.6 Dutch East Indies, Maluku offshore 60.0 VII 0 0
1939 December 21, 1939[90] 8.1 Dutch East Indies, Central Sulawesi offshore 150.0 VII 0 0
1940 May 24, 1940 8.2 Peru, Lima 45.0 VIII 179–300 3,500
1941 November 18, 1941 8.0  Japan, Miyazaki offshore 35.0 VII 2 0
1942 August 24, 1942 8.2 Peru, Ica 35.0 IX 30 25
1943 April 6, 1943 8.1 Chile, Coquimbo 35.0 VIII 11 0
1944 December 7, 1944 8.1  Japan, Wakayama offshore 30.0 VIII 1,223 2,135
1945 November 27, 1945 8.1  India, Balochistan offshore 15.0 X 4,000 0
1946 April 1, 1946 8.6 United States, Alaska offshore 15.0 VI 173 0
1947 May 27, 1947[91] 7.6 Dutch East Indies, Papua offshore 15.0 VI 0 0
November 1, 1947 Peru, Junin 20.0 IX 233 0
1948 January 24, 1948 7.8 Philippines, Panay 15.0 X 50 0
1949 August 22, 1949 8.0 Canada, Haida Gwaii 10.0 VIII 0 0
1950 August 15, 1950 8.6 IndiaChina India–China, Assam–Tibet border region 15.0 XI 4,800 0
1951 November 24, 1951 7.8 Taiwan, East Rift Valley 30.0 VII 85 1,200
1952 November 4, 1952 9.0 Soviet Union, Kamchatka 21.6 XI 2,336 0
1953 November 25, 1953[92] 7.9 Japan, Yokohama 25.0 V 1 0
1954 March 29, 1954[93] 7.8  Spain, Andalusia 626.2 IV 0 0
1955 February 27, 1955[94] 7.5 New Zealand, Kermadec Islands 15.0 I 0 0
1956 July 9, 1956 7.7 Greece, Dodecanese Islands 20.0 IX 56 0
1957 March 9, 1957 8.6 United States, Aleutian Islands, Alaska 25.0 VIII 2 0
1958 November 6, 1958 8.3 Soviet Union, Kuril Islands 35.0 X 0 51
1959 May 4, 1959 7.9 Soviet Union, Kamchatka 55.0 VIII 1 13
1960 May 22, 1960 9.5 Chile, Valdivia 25.0 XII 2,000 4,000
1961 August 19, 1961[95] 7.6 Peru, Madre de Dios Region 612.2 IV 0 0
1962 May 21, 1962[96] 7.5 Fiji offshore 390.0 I 0 0
1963 October 13, 1963 8.5 Soviet Union, Kuril Islands 35.0 IX 0 0
1964 March 27, 1964 9.2–9.3 United States, Alaska, Prince William Sound 25.0 XI 131 0
1965 February 3, 1965 8.7 United States, Alaska, Aleutian Islands 30.3 VI 0 0
1966 October 17, 1966 8.1 Peru, Arequipa 38.0 IX 125 3,000
1967 July 22, 1967 7.3 Turkey, Sakarya Province 30.0 X 86 0
1968 May 16, 1968 8.3 Japan, Hokkaidō 26.0 VIII 52 330
1969 August 11, 1969[97] 8.2 Soviet Union, Kuril Islands 30.0 VIII 0 0
1970 July 31, 1970 8.0 Colombia, Amazonas Department 644.8 IV 1 4
1971 July 26, 1971 8.0 Papua New Guinea, Kokopo 37.0 IX 3 5
1972 1972[98] 8.0 Philippines, Mindanao 60.0 VII 0 0
1973 June 17, 1973 7.8 Japan, Hokkaidō 43.3 VIII 0 27
1974 October 3, 1974 8.1 Peru, Lima 13.0 IX 78 2,400
1975 May 26, 1975 7.8 north Atlantic Ocean 33.0 VI 0 0
1976 August 17, 1976 8.0 Philippines, Moro Gulf 33.0 VIII 8,000 10,000
1977 August 19, 1977 8.3 Indonesia, Bima 25.0 VI 189 1,100
1978 June 12, 1978 7.6 Japan, Miyagi 44.0 VIII 28 1,325
1979 December 12, 1979 8.1 Colombia, Nariño offshore
Ecuador, Esmeraldas offshore		 24.0 IX 600 0
1980 July 17, 1980[99] 7.7 Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands 33.0 VI 0 0
1981 September 1, 1981[100] 7.5 New Zealand, offshore 25.0 IV 0 0
1982 June 19, 1982 7.3 El Salvador, offshore 73.0 VII 43 0
1983 March 18, 1983[101] 7.7 Papua New Guinea, New Ireland 70.0 VII 0 0
May 26, 1983 Japan, off the coast of Honshu 15.1 VIII 104 324
1984 February 7, 1984[102] 7.5 Solomon Islands, Honiara 18.1 VIII 0 0
1985 September 19, 1985 8.0 Mexico, Mexico City 27.9 IX 5,000-45,000 40,000
1986 May 7, 1986[103] 8.0 United States, Aleutian Islands, Alaska 19.0 VII 0 0
1987 November 30, 1987[104] 7.8 United States, Gulf of Alaska 10.0 VI 0 0
1988 March 6, 1988[105] 7.7 United States, Gulf of Alaska 15.0 V 0 0
1989 May 23, 1989[106] 8.0 Australia, Macquarie Island 10.0 V 0 0
1990 July 16, 1990 7.7 Philippines, Luzon 24.4 IX 1,621 3,000
1991 April 22, 1991 7.7 Costa Rica, Limón 10.0 IX 127 759
1992 December 12, 1992 7.8 Indonesia, Sunda Islands 23.5 VIII 2,500 0
1993 August 8, 1993 7.8 Guam, Offshore 59.3 IX 0 71
1994 October 5, 1994 8.3 Russia, Kuril Islands 3.0 IX 12 1,742
1995 October 9, 1995 8.1 Mexico, Colima 33.0 VIII 49 100
July 30, 1995 Chile, Antofagasta 40.0 VII 3 58
1996 February 17, 1996 8.2 Indonesia, Biak 11.5 VIII 166 423
1997 December 5, 1997[107] 7.8 Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula 23.5 VIII 0 0
1998 March 25, 1998 8.1 Antarctica, Balleny Islands 10.0 0 0
1999 September 21, 1999 7.6 Taiwan, Nantou County 15.5 IX 2,444 11,305
2000 November 16, 2000 8.0 Papua New Guinea, New Ireland 13.0 VII 2 0
2001 June 23, 2001 8.4 Peru, Arequipa 33.0 VIII 145 2,713
2002 November 3, 2002 7.9 United States, Alaska 4.2 IX 0 1
2003 September 26, 2003 8.3 Japan, Hokkaidō 23.5 IX 0 849
2004 December 26, 2004 9.3 Indonesia, Sumatra 10.0 IX 227,898 125,000
2005 March 28, 2005 8.6 Indonesia, Simeulue 21.0 IX 1313 300
2006 November 15, 2006 8.3 Russia, Kuril Islands 10.0 VI 0 1
2007 September 12, 2007 8.4–8.5 Indonesia, Sumatra 34.0 VIII 23 0
2008 May 12, 2008 7.9 China, Sichuan 19.0 XI 87,587 374,177
2009 September 29, 2009 8.1 Samoa, Offshore 18.0 VII 189 7
2010 February 27, 2010 8.8 Chile, Concepción 22.9 IX 550 12,000
2011 March 11, 2011 9.0–9.1 Japan, Honshu 29.0 IX 19,747 6,000
2012 April 11, 2012 8.6 Indonesia, Indian Ocean 20.0 VII 10 12
2013 May 24, 2013 8.3 Russia, Sea of Okhotsk 598.1 VI 0 0
2014 April 1, 2014 8.2 Chile, Iquique 25.0 VIII 6 9
2015 September 16, 2015 8.3 Chile, Coquimbo 22.4 IX 21 34
2016 December 17, 2016 7.9 Papua New Guinea, New Ireland 94.5 VII 0 0
2017 September 7, 2017 8.2 Mexico, Chiapas 47.4 IX 98 250
2018 August 19, 2018 8.2 Fiji, offshore 600.0 V 0 0
2019 May 26, 2019 8.0 Peru, Loreto 122.6 VIII 2 0
2020 July 22, 2020 7.8 United States, Alaska Peninsula offshore 28.0 VII 0 0
2021 July 28, 2021 8.2 United States, Alaska Peninsula offshore 32.2 VII 0 0
2022 September 11, 2022 7.6 Papua New Guinea, Morobe 61.4 VIII 21 42
September 19, 2022 Mexico, Michoacán 25.5 VIII 2 35
2023 February 6, 2023 7.8 Turkey, Southeastern Anatolia 17.9 XII 59,488–62,013 121,704
2024 January 1, 2024 7.5 Japan, Ishikawa 10.0 X 645 1,393
2025 July 30, 2025 8.8 Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula 35.0 IX 1 25
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Strongest earthquakes by magnitude by country/territory

  • This list is a work in progress. Information is likely to be changed.
  • The list refers to current country boundaries rather than those at the date of the earthquake.
  • Please note, multiple countries could have the same earthquake listed, such as the 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake being listed for both Ecuador and Colombia.
  • Unless otherwise noted, magnitudes are reported on the Moment magnitude scale (Mw).
More information Country/Territory, Magnitude ...
Country/Territory Magnitude Date More information
Afghanistan 7.8 November 15, 1921 [108]
Albania 6.7 November 30, 1967 [109]
Algeria 7.1 October 10, 1980 1980 El Asnam earthquake
American Samoa 6.4 October 11, 1944 [110]
Andorra 6.7 Me February 2, 1428 1428 Catalonia earthquake
Angola 6.0 May 24, 1914 [111]
Anguilla 6.3 February 16, 1906 [112]
Antarctica 8.1 March 25, 1998 1998 Balleny Islands earthquake
Antigua and Barbuda 8.0 Ms April 16, 1690 [113]
Argentina 7.5 November 23, 1977 1977 San Juan earthquake
Armenia 6.8 Ms December 7, 1988 1988 Armenian earthquake
Aruba 4.7 August 27, 2011 [114]
Australia 8.0 May 23, 1989 [115]
Austria 5.6–6.5 September 15, 1590 1590 Neulengbach earthquake
Azerbaijan 7.0–7.3 September 30, 1139 1139 Ganja earthquake
Bahamas 3.2 February 22, 1992 [116]
Bangladesh 8.5–8.8 April 2, 1762 1762 Arakan earthquake
Barbados 6.5 February 18, 2014 & July 16, 2015 [117][118]
Belgium 6.0–6.5 Ms September 18, 1692 1692 Northwestern Europe earthquake
Belize 4.7 mb June 28, 1985 [119]
Benin 4.4 mb September 11, 2009 [120]
Bermuda 5.3 August 27, 1988 [121]
Bhutan 7.6–8.6 May 4, 1714 1714 Bhutan earthquake
Bolivia 8.2 June 9, 1994 1994 Bolivia earthquake
Bosnia and Herzegovina 6.1 October 26, 1969 1969 Banja Luka earthquake
Botswana 6.7 ML October 11, 1952 [122]
Brazil 7.6 November 9, 1963 [123]
British Indian Ocean Territory 7.3 November 30, 1983 1983 Chagos Archipelago earthquake
British Virgin Islands 5.9 June 26, 1985 [124]
Brunei 5.2 mb February 22, 1992 [125]
Bulgaria 7.2 March 31, 1901 & April 4, 1904 1901 Black Sea earthquake & 1904 Kresna earthquakes
Burundi 5.4 October 30, 1966 [126]
Cameroon 5.9 September 12, 1945 [127]
Canada 8.7–9.2 January 26, 1700 1700 Cascadia earthquake
Cape Verde 6.5 August 15, 1941 [128]
Caribbean Netherlands 5.2 March 10, 2017 [129]
Cayman Islands 7.7 January 28, 2020 2020 Caribbean earthquake
Central African Republic 4.9 mb February 6, 1994 [130]
Chile 9.4–9.6 May 22, 1960 1960 Valdivia earthquake
China 8.6 August 15, 1950 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake
Christmas Island 6.9 July 24, 1979 [131]
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 7.9 June 18, 2000 [132]
Colombia 8.5–8.8 January 31, 1906 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake
Comoros 6.2 August 23, 1918 [133]
Congo 5.2 April 26, 1998 [134]
Costa Rica 7.7 April 22, 1991 1991 Limon earthquake
Croatia 6.7 July 2, 1898 1898 Trilj earthquake
Cuba 7.1 February 20, 1917 [135]
Curaçao 4.4 October 31, 2024 [136]
Cyprus 7.0–7.5 May 11, 1222 1222 Cyprus earthquake
Czech Republic 4.8 ML  December 23, 1985 [137]
Democratic Republic of the Congo 6.9 December 13, 1910 [138]
Denmark 4.4 mb February 19, 2010 [139]
Djibouti 6.5 August 20, 1989 [140]
Dominica 6.4 January 8, 1959 [141]
Dominican Republic 7.8 August 4, 1946 1946 Dominican Republic earthquake
East Timor 7.2 September 29, 1905 [142]
Ecuador 8.5–8.8 January 31, 1906 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake
Egypt 7.3 November 22, 1995 1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake
El Salvador 8.0 MI December 19, 1862 [143]
Equatorial Guinea 4.9 mb March 28, 1999 [144]
Eritrea 6.6 December 28, 1977 [145]
Estonia 4.5–4.7 mb October 25, 1976 Osmussaar earthquake
Eswatini 4.4 mb August 4, 1987 [146]
Ethiopia 6.5 August 25, 1906 [147]
Falkland Islands 7.4 August 17, 1908 [148]
Faroe Islands 3.2 February 21, 2007 [149]
Fiji 8.2 August 19, 2018 2018 Fiji earthquakes
Finland 4.7 Muk  November 4, 1898 [150]
France 6.4–6.5 Muk  January 25, 1799 1799 Vendée earthquake
French Guiana 6.9 August 4, 1885 [151]
French Polynesia 5.6 March 6, 1965 [152]
Gabon 6.0 September 23, 1974 [153]
Georgia (country) Georgia 7.0 April 29, 1991 1991 Racha earthquake
Germany 6.4 ML  February 18, 1756 1756 Düren earthquake
Ghana 6.8 July 10, 1862 [154]
Greece 8.5+ July 21, 365 365 Crete earthquake
Greenland 7.4 November 20, 1933 1933 Baffin Bay earthquake
Grenada 7.0 Ms December 3, 1831 [155]
Guadeloupe 8.5 Muk  February 8, 1843 1843 Guadeloupe earthquake
Guam 7.8 August 8, 1993 1993 Guam earthquake
Guatemala 7.7 August 6, 1942 1942 Guatemala earthquake
Guinea 6.3 December 22, 1983 1983 Guinea earthquake
Guyana 5.5 January 31, 2021 [156]
Haiti 8.1 Ms May 7, 1842 1842 Cap-Haïtien earthquake
Honduras 7.6 February 8, 2025 [157]
Hong Kong 3.8 ML January 5, 2020 [158]
Hungary 6.2–6.5 June 28, 1763 1763 Komárom earthquake
Iceland 7.0 January 22, 1910 [159]
India 8.6 August 15, 1950 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake
Indonesia 9.1–9.3 December 26, 2004 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
Iran 7.9 Ms December 22, 856 856 Damghan earthquake
Iraq 7.0 September 22, 1666 [160]
Ireland 4.0 ML  June 6, 2012 [161]
Israel 7.3 December 5, 1033 1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake
Italy 7.4 January 11, 1693 1693 Sicily earthquake
Jamaica 7.7 January 28, 2020 2020 Caribbean earthquake
Japan 9.0–9.1 March 11, 2011 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
Jersey 5.4 July 30, 1926 [162]
Jordan 7.3 December 5, 1033 1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake
Kazakhstan 8.0 July 11, 1889 & January 3, 1911 1889 Chilik earthquake & 1911 Kebin earthquake
Kenya 6.7 January 6, 1928 [163]
Kiribati 5.9 mb May 23, 1982 [164]
Kosovo 6.1 ML February 26, 1755 & August 10, 1921 [165]
Kuwait 4.7 mb June 2, 1993 & November 11, 2020 [166][167]
Kyrgyzstan 8.0 July 11, 1889 & January 3, 1911 1889 Chilik earthquake & 1911 Kebin earthquake
Laos 6.7 December 22, 1925 [168]
Lebanon 7.5 July 9, 551 551 Beirut earthquake
Liberia 4.5 mb November 25, 1995 [169]
Libya 6.8 April 19, 1935 [170]
Liechtenstein 3.6 December 12, 2013 [171]
Luxembourg 2.9 ML September 3, 1986 [172]
Madagascar 6.2 July 4, 1919 [173]
Malawi 6.3 March 10, 1989 1989 Malawi earthquake
Malaysia 7.1 February 22, 2026 [174]
Maldives 7.4 February 29, 1944 [175]
Mali 4.2 mb January 11, 1999 [176]
Malta 5.5 April 21, 2023 [177]
Marshall Islands 5.7 March 22, 1982 [178]
Martinique 7.5–8.0 January 11, 1839 1839 Martinique earthquake
Mauritania 4.6 mb September 3, 1993 & March 1, 2012 [179][180]
Mauritius 6.4 June 19, 1976 [181]
Mayotte 5.9 May 15, 2018 [182]
Mexico 8.6 March 28, 1787 1787 New Spain earthquake
Federated States of Micronesia 7.8 August 16, 1911 [183]
Moldova 3.9 mb April 2, 1988 [184]
Monaco 6.3 July 19, 1963 [185]
Mongolia 8.3 July 23, 1905 1905 Bolnai earthquake
Montenegro 6.9 April 15, 1979 1979 Montenegro earthquake
Morocco 6.8 November 27, 1755 & September 8, 2023 1755 Meknes earthquake & 2023 Al Haouz earthquake
Mozambique 7.0 February 22, 2006 2006 Mozambique earthquake
Myanmar 8.5–8.8 April 2, 1762 1762 Arakan earthquake
Namibia 5.4 April 4, 2021 [186]
  Nepal 8.2–8.8 June 6, 1505 1505 Lo Mustang earthquake
Netherlands 5.3 April 13, 1992 1992 Roermond earthquake
New Caledonia 7.9 August 9, 1901 [187]
New Zealand 8.2 January 23, 1855 & May 1, 1917 1855 Wairarapa earthquake[188]
Nicaragua 7.7 September 2, 1992 1992 Nicaragua earthquake
Niger 4.6 mb January 18, 2017 [189]
Nigeria 4.5 mb March 7, 2000 [190]
North Korea 7.7 September 29, 1973 [191]
North Macedonia 6.7 March 8, 1931 [192]
Northern Mariana Islands 7.7 December 28, 1940 & July 29, 2016 [193][194]
Norway 6.8 August 30, 2012 [195]
Oman 5.7 March 30, 1966 [196]
British Raj 8.1 November 27, 1945 1945 Balochistan earthquake
Palau 6.5 May 31, 1982 [197]
Palestine 7.3 December 5, 1033 1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake
Panama 7.9–8.3 Ms September 7, 1882 1882 Panama earthquake
Papua New Guinea 8.2 May 6, 1919 [198]
Paraguay 6.5 February 28, 1989 [199]
Peru (now part of present-day Chile) 8.5–9.3 August 13, 1868 1868 Arica earthquake
Philippines 8.3 August 15, 1918 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake
Poland 5.6 December 3, 1786 [200]
Portugal 8.5–9.0 November 1, 1755 1755 Lisbon earthquake
Puerto Rico 8.0 May 2, 1787 1787 Boricua earthquake
Réunion 5.3 mb April 5, 2007 [201]
Romania 7.9 October 26, 1802 1802 Vrancea earthquake
Russia 9.0–9.3 October 16, 1737 1737 Kamchatka earthquake
Rwanda 5.9 February 3, 2008 2008 Lake Kivu earthquake
Saint Barthélemy 5.4 November 18, 1990 [202]
Saint Kitts and Nevis 6.5 March 16, 1985 [203]
Saint Lucia 7.3 March 19, 1953 [204]
Saint Martin 5.0 July 4, 2012 [205]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 7.2 November 18, 1929 1929 Grand Banks earthquake
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6.1 July 6, 1940 [206]
Samoa 8.3–8.5 June 26, 1917 1917 Samoa earthquake
São Tomé and Príncipe 5.5 December 19, 2019 [207]
Saudi Arabia 7.3 November 22, 1995 1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake
Senegal 5.5 May 21, 1986 [208]
Serbia 6.0 May 15, 1927 [209]
Seychelles 5.2 mb April 28, 1995 [210]
Slovakia 6.2–6.5 June 28, 1763 1763 Komárom earthquake
Slovenia 6.1 ML April 14, 1895 1895 Ljubljana earthquake
Solomon Islands 8.1 April 1, 2007 2007 Solomon Islands earthquake
Somalia 6.0 January 22, 1929 [211]
South Africa 6.8 December 31, 1932 [212]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 8.1–8.3 August 12, 2021 2021 South Sandwich Islands earthquakes
South Korea 7.5 June 26, 1681 1681 Yangyang earthquake
South Sudan 7.2 May 20, 1990 1990 South Sudan earthquakes
Spain 7.8 March 29, 1954 [93]
Sri Lanka 5.7 August 30, 1973 [213]
Sudan 6.0 May 12, 1938 [214]
 Switzerland 6.0–7.1 October 18, 1356 1356 Basel earthquake
Syria 7.6 Ms May 20, 1202 1202 Syria earthquake
Taiwan 8.2 June 5, 1920 1920 Hualien earthquake
Tajikistan 7.5 July 10, 1949 1949 Khait earthquake
Tanzania 7.0 July 8, 1919 [215]
Thailand 6.1 May 5, 2014 2014 Mae Lao earthquake
Tonga 8.3–8.5 June 26, 1917 1917 Samoa earthquake
Trinidad and Tobago 7.5 Mfa  January 10, 1888 [216]
Tunisia 7.2 or less October 9, 859 [217]
Turkey 7.8–8.0 Ms August 17, 1668 1668 North Anatolia earthquake
Turkmenistan 8.2 Ms July 7, 1895 [218]
Tuvalu 5.4 February 5, 1983 [219]
Uganda 6.5 June 30, 1952 [220]
Ukraine 6.7 September 11, 1927 1927 Crimean earthquakes
United Arab Emirates 5.0 March 11, 2002 [221]
United Kingdom 6.1 ML June 7, 1931 1931 Dogger Bank earthquake
United States 9.2–9.3 March 28, 1964 1964 Alaska earthquake
U.S. Virgin Islands 7.2 November 18, 1867 1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami
Uruguay 5.5 Ms June 5, 1888 1888 Río de la Plata earthquake
Uzbekistan 7.4 Ms October 21, 1907 1907 Qaratog earthquake
Vanuatu 8.1 September 20, 1920 [222]
Venezuela 7.6–7.7 April 29, 1894 & October 29, 1900 1894 Venezuelan earthquake[223] & 1900 San Narciso earthquake
Vietnam 6.8 November 1, 1935 [224]
Wallis and Futuna 7.6 May 23, 1956 [225]
Yemen 6.7 December 18, 1908 [226]
Zambia 6.5 May 1, 1919 [227]
Zimbabwe 5.5 September 25, 1963 [228]
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Earthquakes with the most property damage

Main article: List of costliest earthquakes

This is the top ten major earthquakes by the US dollar value of property (public and private) losses directly attributable to the earthquake.

More information Rank, Event ...
Rank Event Location Magnitude Property damage
1 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami Japan Japan 9.1 $360 billion[229][230]
2 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake Japan Japan 6.9 $200 billion[231]
3 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes TurkeyTurkey
Ba'athist SyriaSyria		 7.8 $164 billion[232][233]
4 2008 Sichuan earthquake China China 7.9 $150 billion[234]
5 2011 Christchurch earthquake New Zealand New Zealand 6.3 $40 billion[235]
6 2004 Chūetsu earthquake Japan Japan 6.6 $28 billion[236][237]
7 2011 Sikkim earthquake India India 6.9 $22 billion[238]
8 1999 İzmit earthquake Turkey Turkey 7.6 $20 billion[236]
9 2009 L'Aquila earthquake Italy Italy 6.3 $16 billion[239]
10 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes Italy Italy 6.1 $16 billion[240]
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Most studied earthquakes

The 50 most studied earthquakes according to the International Seismological Centre (ISC), based on a count of scientific papers (mostly in English) that discuss that earthquake. The "Event #" is linked to the ISC Event Bibliography for that event.

More information Rank, Event origin time ...
RankEvent origin timeISC Event #PapersISC codeEvent
1 2011-03-11 05:46:23164612822069TOHOKU20112011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
2 2008-05-12 06:28:00132281211706WENCHUAN20082008 Sichuan earthquake
3 2004-12-26 00:58:527453151967SUMATRA20042004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
4 1999-09-20 17:47:161718616771CHI-CHI19991999 Jiji earthquake
5 1995-01-16 20:46:51124708558SHYOGO19951995 Great Hanshin earthquake
6 2010-02-27 06:34:1314340585551MAULE20102010 Chile earthquake
7 1994-01-17 12:30:54189275548NORTHRIDGE19941994 Northridge earthquake
8 2009-04-06 01:32:4213438018525LAQUILA20092009 L'Aquila earthquake
9 1989-10-18 00:04:14389808520LOMAPRIETA19891989 Loma Prieta earthquake
10 2015-04-25 06:11:26607208674516GORKHA20152015 Nepal earthquake
11 1992-06-28 11:57:35289086440LANDERS19921992 Landers earthquake
12 1999-08-17 00:01:381655218428IZMIT19991999 İzmit earthquake
13 2016-04-15 16:25:06610289055366KUMAMOTO20162016 Kumamoto earthquakes
14 2013-04-20 00:02:47607304721342LUSHAN20132013 Lushan earthquake
15 1964-03-28 03:36:13869809333ALASKA19641964 Alaska earthquake
16 1960-05-22 19:11:20879136290VALDIVIA19601960 Valdivia earthquake
17 2023-02-06 01:17:34625613033277TURKYIE-SYRIA20232023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
18 2016-08-24 01:36:33611462212259AMATRICE20162016 Central Italy earthquake
19 2010-09-03 16:35:4615155483257DARFIELD20102010 Canterbury earthquake
20 2001-01-26 03:16:401763683256BHUJ20012001 Gujarat earthquake
21 1985-09-19 13:17:50516095253MEXICOCITY19851985 Mexico City earthquake
22 2022-01-15 04:14:45621831271252HUNGATONGAHUNGAAPAI20222022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami
23 2016-11-13 11:02:59615035032251KAIKOURA20162016 Kaikōura earthquake
24 1971-02-09 14:00:40787038244SANFERNANDO19711971 San Fernando earthquake
25 1976-07-27 19:42:53711732235TANGSHAN19761976 Tangshan earthquake
26 2003-09-25 19:50:077134409221TOKACHI-OKI20032003 Tokachi earthquake
27 2019-07-06 03:19:55616203758221RIDGECREST2019B2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes
28 1980-11-23 18:34:52635924212IRPINIA19801980 Irpinia earthquake
29 2004-10-23 08:55:587421058205MID-NIIGATA20042004 Chūetsu earthquake
30 2012-05-20 02:03:53601025379205EMILIA2012A2012 Northern Italy earthquakes
31 2011-02-21 23:51:4216168897204CHRISTCHURCH20112011 Christchurch earthquake
32 1976-05-06 20:00:12713583199FRIULI19761976 Friuli earthquake
33 2005-03-28 16:09:357486110197NIAS20052005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake
34 2004-09-28 17:15:247406045197PARKFIELD20042004 Parkfield earthquake
35 2023-02-06 10:24:50625614289195TURKYIE-SYRIA2023A2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
36 2016-10-30 06:40:19609624987194NORCIA20162016 Central Italy earthquakes
37 1923-09-01 02:58:35911526193KANTO19231923 Great Kantō earthquake
38 1999-10-16 09:46:451643776184HECTOR-MINE19991999 Hector Mine earthquake
39 2005-10-08 03:50:377703077181KASHMIR20052005 Kashmir earthquake
40 2017-08-08 13:19:49610874246178JUIZHAIGOU20172017 Jinghe earthquake
41 2001-11-14 09:26:122331800176KUNLUN20012001 Kunlun earthquake
42 2015-09-16 22:54:30611531714175ILLAPEL20152015 Illapel earthquake
43 2014-04-01 23:46:47610102185167IQUIQUE20142014 Iquique earthquake
44 2021-05-21 18:04:13620437814166MADUO20212021 Maduo earthquake
45 1979-10-15 23:16:57657282165IMPERIAL19791979 Imperial Valley earthquake
46 2002-11-03 22:12:416123395164DENALI20022002 Denali earthquake
47 1999-11-12 16:57:191650092162DUZCE19991999 Düzce earthquake
48 2010-04-04 22:40:43600257057158EL-MAYOR-CUCAPAH20102010 Baja California earthquake
49 2019-07-04 17:33:50616217956158RIDGECREST2019A2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes
50 2010-01-12 21:53:1014226221157HAITI20102010 Haiti earthquake
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Modified from figure 2, "The most studied events", at the ISC's Overview of the ISC Event Bibliography.

International Seismological Centre. Event Bibliography. Thatcham, United Kingdom. 2018.

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