TOI-5624 e
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 Artistic depiction of the TOI-5624 system (sizes to scale) compared to Mercury's orbit. TOI-5624 e is the fourth planet in the system, designated as 5624 e. | |
| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Andrea Bonfant et al. |
| Discovery site | Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite |
| Discovery date | April 22, 2026 |
| Transit | |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| 0.1439+0.0014 −0.0015 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0 (fixed) |
| 21.489936±0.000029 d | |
| Inclination | 89.405+0.049 −0.047 |
| 90 (fixed) | |
| Semi-amplitude | 2.27+0.74 −0.75 m/s |
| Star | TOI-5624 |
| Physical characteristics | |
| 3.247+0.042 −0.043 R🜨 | |
| Mass | 8.9+2.9 −3.0 M🜨 |
Mean density | 1.46±0.48 g/cm3 |
| Temperature | 613.8+8.2 −8.1 K (340.65 °C; 645.17 °F) |
TOI-5624 e is the fourth and the second largest exoplanet discovered in the TOI-5624 system, located approximately 331 light-years from Earth in the constellation Ursa Major.[1][2] The discovery of the object was officially announced by an international team of astronomers led by Andrea Bonfant in late April 2026. The planet was detected using the transit method.[1][2]
Physical characteristics
| Neptune | TOI-5624 e |
|---|---|
 |
 |
The planet belongs to the class of sub-Neptunes. Its mass, determined by the radial velocity method, is 8.9+2.9
−3.0 M🜨. Using the European CHEOPS telescope, the planet's radius was determined with an uncertainty of less than 1.7%, which is 3.247+0.042
−0.043 R🜨.[1][2] The average density of the object is approximately 1.46±0.48 g/cm3, indicating the presence of a significant gaseous envelope or an icy component in its structure. Its equilibrium temperature is estimated at 613.8 K, which is about 341 °C.[1][2]
Orbit
The planet orbits its parent star with an orbital period of 21.489936±0.000029 d, and its orbit is at a distance of 0.1439+0.0014
−0.0015 AU from the star. The orbital inclination, equal to 89.405+0.049
−0.047, ensures that the planet passes almost through the center of the stellar disk.[1][2]
Despite this, the orbit of TOI-5624 e is characterized by pronounced short-term dynamical instability. Observations have revealed significant transit timing variations (TTVs) with an amplitude of about 80 minutes. This effect is caused by gravitational interaction with the outer, non-transiting planet TOI-5624 f.[1][2] Data analysis has shown that the pair of planets e and f is in a configuration close to a 2:1 mean orbital resonance. The orbital period of the outer planet is 45.37 days, which creates regular gravitational perturbations that periodically accelerate and decelerate the motion of TOI-5624 e along its orbit.[1][2]
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