Tarasara Upanishad

The text has three chapters, with the first a repeat of the first chapter of the Jabala Upanishad.^[7] The second and third chapter focus on describing the Om mantra, it being the ultimate and highest reality Brahman, and its relationship to Narayana (Vishnu).^[6]

Just like the Jabala Upanishad,^[15][16] the chapter 1 of the Upanishad, is structured as a conversation between Brihaspati and Yajnavalkya. The latter states that true Kurukshetra is Avimuktam – a place that Shiva never left and a part of Varanasi (Banaras).^[17][18] This place, recommends the text, is for all those renouncers who after having wandered places, can stay in.^[19] This is the place, asserts the Upanishad, where Rudra imparts the moksha knowledge just when the last vital breaths of the dying are departing, leading one to videhamukti.^[4][18] This place is a spiritual seat of all living beings (holy), asserts the text, a place to revere and not leave.^[4]

The Upanishad thereafter glorifies Narayana, by stating that "Om Namo Narayana" is the means to cross from mundane world into spiritual world (Taraka).^[4] Om in this mantra is Atman (self, soul) asserts the text, Namah represents Prakriti (nature, changing reality), and Narayana is the nature of Parabrahman (supreme Brahman).^[4]

The text further describes how the sound fragments of the mantra "Om Namo Narayanaya" includes Brahma, Vishnu, Rudra, Ishvara, all of the universe, Purusha, Bhagavan and Param-atman (supreme self).^[5] Om is also the indestructible, unchanging reality (Brahman), states the text, which alone ought to be worshipped.^[14] The "Om" mantra has eight subtle sound elements,^[20] describes the Upanishad, "A", "U", "M", bindu, nada, kala (era, present time), kalatita (beyond present era, or future), and the last subtle sound element is what is beyond kalatita.^[14][20][21]

In chapter 2, the Upanishad describes the same Om mantra in terms of the characters of the Hindu epic Ramayana. The "A" is the source of Brahma who became Jambavat, from "U" came Vishnu who became Surgriva, from "M" of AUM mantra came Shiva who manifested as Hanuman, states the text.^[22] The bindu of Om became Shatrughna (third brother of Rama), the nada became Bharata (elder brother of Rama), kala resonance became Lakshmana (younger brother of Rama), the kalatita became Lakshmi who manifested as goddess Sita (a Shakti, wife of Rama), and beyond all this is the last subtle part of Om which is Supreme Self manifesting as Rama.^[22][23]

The text next presents eight mantras, asserting them to be a means to realize the Atman. These repeat the mapping of elements of Om mantra to the characters of the Ramayana,^[23] calling Rama as Paramatman, Narayana and supreme Purusha (cosmic man),^[22] the ancient Purushottama, the eternal, the liberated, the true, the highest bliss, the one without a second.^[24] The mantra reciter should meditate, states the text, "Brahman is myself, I am Rama". A mastery of this Ashtakshara mantra, the Upanishad states, is equivalent to uttering the Gayatri mantra a hundred thousand times and to learning Itihasas, Puranas, and Rudra Mantras.^[24] This is the path of inner purification, this is the way to see the supreme seat of Vishnu, states Tarasara Upanishad.^[25][26]

• Atharvashiras Upanishad
• Maha Upanishad
• Mahanarayana Upanishad
• Tripura Upanishad

• Aiyar, Narayanasvami (1914). "Thirty minor Upanishads". Archive Organization. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
• Daniélou, Alain (1991). The Myths and Gods of India: The Classic Work on Hindu Polytheism from the Princeton Bollingen Series. Inner Traditions. ISBN 978-0-89281-354-4.
• Deussen, Paul (1997). Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN 978-8120814677.
• Hattangadi, Sunder (2000). "तारसारोपनिषत् (Tarasara Upanishad)" (PDF) (in Sanskrit). Retrieved 6 February 2016.
• Olivelle, Patrick (1992). The Samnyasa Upanisads. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507045-3.
• Tinoco, Carlos Alberto (1996). Upanishads. IBRASA. ISBN 978-85-348-0040-2.