2024 United States House of Representatives elections

Forty-six states used the first-past-the-post voting plurality-win system to elect their representatives. Instant-runoff voting was used in two states (Alaska and Maine), and the runoff system was used in two states (Georgia and Louisiana).^{[citation needed]}

A total of 46 representatives and 2 non-voting delegates (25 Democrats and 23 Republicans) retired, 19 of whom (12 Democrats and 7 Republicans) retired to run for other offices.

Three seats were left vacant on the day of the general election due to resignation or deaths in 2024, one of which was not filled until the next Congress.

This is a list of congressional seats that voted for one party in the 2020 presidential election and another in the 2022 House elections.^[86]

In the United States, all states with multiple congressional districts are required to revise their district maps following each decennial census to account for population changes. In 2024, most states used the same districts created in the redistricting cycle following the 2020 census, which were first used in the 2022 elections. However, maps have changed or would change in several states, often due to legal challenges made on the basis of political or racial gerrymandering.

As of May 2024, several states have seen challenges to their congressional district maps that were put in place during the redistricting cycle brought upon by the results of the 2020 census. In Alabama, a special master drew a new map after the state legislature submitted a map that did not comply with the Voting Rights Act after the Supreme Court ruled their original map violated the Voting Rights Act in Allen v. Milligan, requiring the creation of a second predominantly Black district.^[88][89] Similarly, a judge in Georgia ruled that Georgia's maps were illegally racially gerrymandered and the Georgia General Assembly drew a new map that added a new predominantly Black district.^[90][91] In Louisiana, the Supreme Court's decision not to intervene in Robinson v. Ardoin led to a second majority Black district being drawn in that state as well,^[92] although this map was struck down after a legal challenge by some Louisianans^[93][94] before the Supreme Court of the United States issued an emergency order allowing the new map to be used in the 2024 elections.^[95] On the other hand, Republican legislators in North Carolina drew a map placing three Democratic incumbents in Republican-leaning districts after the North Carolina Supreme Court ruled that partisan gerrymandering is not justiciable,^[96] which in turn was canceled out by a map passed after a similar state court ruling in New York that made three highly competitive districts somewhat Democratic-leaning.^[97] Other racial gerrymandering cases in Arkansas,^[98] Florida,^[99] South Carolina,^[100][101] Tennessee^[102] and Texas^[103] and another partisan gerrymandering case in Utah^[104][105] were not resolved before the filing deadlines for the 2024 Congressional elections in those states; South Carolina's districts were ultimately upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States over a month after the state's filing deadline.^[106]

More information State (linked tosummaries below), Status ...

Summary of mid-decade changes to congressional districts in advance of the 2024 election cycle^[107]

State (linked to summaries below)	Status	Notes	Ref	Change in partisanship[i]
				D	C	R
Alabama	New districts enacted on October 5, 2023	A federal district court selected a new map, creating a second majority-Black district in the state following the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Allen v. Milligan. The map is set to face further litigation after the election.	[108]	1		1
Arkansas	Previous districts left in place	Arkansas's map has faced multiple lawsuits alleging racial gerrymandering diluting the voting power of black voters by splitting Little Rock into three districts; the case was heard in a federal district court, then by a three-judge panel in a circuit court. After the panel ruled private individuals could not sue under the Voting Rights Act, the plaintiffs did not appeal the case.	[109]
Georgia	New districts enacted on December 28, 2023	A federal district judge ruled on October 26, 2023, that Georgia's districts are racially gerrymandered and ordered a new map with an additional majority-Black district be proposed by December 8; the Georgia Legislature convened a special session on November 29 to redraw the map. Despite a challenge, the proposed map was upheld.	[110]
Kentucky	Previous districts left in place	The Kentucky Supreme Court heard arguments in September 2023 in a suit alleging that the state legislature violated the state constitution by creating a partisan gerrymander in the state's congressional map by moving the state capital Frankfort to the heavily Republican 1st district; on December 14, 2023, the court affirmed a lower court ruling resulting in the case being dismissed.	[111]
Louisiana	New districts enacted on January 22, 2024	Following Allen v. Milligan regarding Alabama's maps, the U.S. Supreme Court unfroze a similar case, Robinson v. Ardoin, alleging racial gerrymandering in Louisiana's districts; following a federal district judge's order in the case, Louisiana legislators passed a new map, creating a second majority Black congressional district. On January 22, Governor Jeff Landry signed the new map into law. On April 30, the new map was struck down in a separate lawsuit but the U.S. Supreme Court issued an order on May 15 allowing the map to be used for the 2024 election. The map is set to face further litigation after the election.	[112][113][114] [115][116]	1		1
New Mexico	Previous districts left in place	New Mexico's map faced a lawsuit alleging partisan gerrymandering diluting the voting power of Republicans. A state judge ruled to keep the current map in place, and that decision was upheld by the New Mexico Supreme Court in a ruling on November 27, 2023.	[117]
New York	New districts enacted on February 28, 2024	After a lower state court struck down the state legislature's proposed map in 2022 and enacted a map drawn by a special master, the New York Court of Appeals (the court of last resort) ruled on December 12, 2023, that those court-drawn districts were only meant to be temporary and that the Independent Redistricting Commission must draw new districts in advance of the 2024 cycle. On February 26, 2024, the New York State Legislature rejected the maps drawn by the commission and instead passed its own map resulting in the 3rd, 18th, and 22nd congressional districts becoming more Democratic leaning while the 1st becomes more Republican leaning. Kathy Hochul signed the map later that day.	[118][119]	2	2
North Carolina	New districts enacted on October 25, 2023	The General Assembly passed a new map placing three incumbent Democrats in Republican-leaning districts after Republicans gained a majority on the state supreme court in 2022 and ruled in April 2023 that claims of partisan gerrymandering are non-justiciable. The case is likely to be further litigated after 2024.	[120][121]	2	2	4
Ohio	Previous districts left in place	Following the retirement of the swing justice, Maureen O'Connor, and the election of a Republican majority, the Ohio Supreme Court dismissed challenges to its map in September 2023, maintaining the map it had established after previously finding in 2022 that the districts drawn by the state legislature violated the Ohio Constitution.	[122]
South Carolina	Previous districts left in place	The U.S. Supreme Court heard arguments on October 11, 2023, in Alexander v. South Carolina State Conference of the NAACP, in which the President of the South Carolina Senate sought to appeal a lower court ruling that found the state illegally discriminated against Black voters in passing an allegedly racially gerrymandered map. The lower court ruled on March 28, 2024, that the map would be used in the 2024 election as it is too late to adopt a remedial map and resolve the appeal before the U.S. Supreme Court before the election. The US Supreme Court later ruled on May 23 reversing the lower court ruling and upholding the congressional map. The map is set to face further litigation after the election.	[123][124]
Tennessee	Previous districts left in place	On August 9, 2023, a coalition of civil rights organizations and Tennessee voters filed a federal lawsuit against the state government challenging the state's Congressional district map that split nonwhite voters in Nashville among three decisively Republican-leaning Congressional districts as unconstitutionally intentionally racially discriminatory. The case was set to be heard in a federal district court, but a panel of three federal judges argued that the lawsuit needed to "do more than plausibly allege" that Tennessee lawmakers were aware their GOP-favored map would disadvantage minority voters supporting Democratic candidates, resulting in the case being dismissed on August 21, 2024. The map may face further litigation after the election.	[125][126][127]
Net change (as of August 21, 2024)				2	4	2

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Sixty-nine races were decided by a margin of 10% or lower.

There are eight special elections scheduled in 2024 to the 118th United States Congress, listed here by date and district.