List of American Nobel laureates

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to a total of 965 individuals and 27 organizations as of 2023^[update].^[1] In 2025, The United States has the highest number of Nobel laureates in the world, with over 425 Nobel laureates.^[2] Around 71% of all Nobel Prizes have been awarded to Americans;^[3] around 29% of them are immigrants from other nations.^[4]

U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was the first American to win a Nobel Prize of any kind, being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for his role in negotiating peace for the Russo-Japanese War.^[5] Albert Michelson was the first American to win a Nobel Prize in any of the sciences, and Sinclair Lewis was the first American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.^[6]^[7]

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Year	Laureate	Birthplace	Motivation
1914	Theodore W. Richards	Germantown, Pennsylvania, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system"
1932	Irving Langmuir	Brooklyn, New York, U.S.	"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry"
1934	Harold C. Urey	Walkerton, Indiana, U.S.	"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen"
1946	Wendell M. Stanley	Ridgeville, Indiana, US	"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form"
1946	James B. Sumner	Canton, Massachusetts, US	"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized"
1946	John H. Northrop	Yonkers, New York, U.S.	"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form"
1949	William Giauque	Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada	"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures"
1951	Edwin M. McMillan	Redondo Beach, California, U.S.	"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements"
1951	Glenn Theodore Seaborg	Ishpeming, Michigan, US	"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements"
1954	Linus C. Pauling	Portland, Oregon, U.S.	"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances"
1955	Vincent du Vigneaud	Chicago, Illinois, U.S.	"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone"
1960	Willard F. Libby	Parachute, Colorado, U.S.	"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science"
1961	Melvin Calvin	St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.	"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"
1965	Robert B. Woodward	Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis"
1966	Robert S. Mulliken	Newburyport, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method"
1968	Lars Onsager	Kristiania (Oslo), Norway	"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes"
1972	Christian Anfinsen	Monessen, Pennsylvania, US	"for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation"
1972	Stanford Moore	Chicago, Illinois, U.S.	"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule"
1972	William H. Stein	New York City, U.S.	"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule"
1974	Paul J. Flory	Sterling, Illinois, U.S.	"for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules"
1976	William Lipscomb	Cleveland, Ohio, US	"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding"
1979	Herbert C. Brown	London, England	"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis"
1980	Walter Gilbert	Boston, Massachusetts, United States	"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"
1980	Paul Berg	New York City, U.S.	"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"
1981	Roald Hoffmann	Złoczów, Poland	"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"
1983	Henry Taube	Neudorf, Saskatchewan, Canada	"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes"
1984	Bruce Merrifield	Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.	"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"
1985	Jerome Karle	New York City, U.S.	"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
1985	Herbert A. Hauptman	New York City, U.S.	"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
1986	Dudley R. Herschbach	San Jose, California, US	"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
1986	Yuan T. Lee	Shinchiku City, Shinchiku Prefecture, Taiwan under Japanese rule	"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3"
1987	Charles J. Pedersen	Busan, Korean Empire	"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
1987	Donald J. Cram	Chester, Vermont, U.S.	"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
1989	Sidney Altman	Montreal, Quebec, Canada	"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"
1989	Thomas R. Cech	Chicago, Illinois, US	"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"
1990	Elias James Corey	Methuen, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"
1992	Rudolph A. Marcus	Montreal, Quebec	"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"
1993	Kary B. Mullis	Lenoir, North Carolina, U.S.	"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method"
1994	George Andrew Olah	Budapest, Hungary	"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry"
1995	Mario J. Molina	Mexico City, Mexico	"for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone"
1995	F. Sherwood Rowland	Delaware, Ohio, U.S.	"for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone"
1996	Richard E. Smalley	Akron, Ohio, U.S.	"for their discovery of fullerenes"
1996	Robert F. Curl Jr.	Alice, Texas, U.S.	"for their discovery of fullerenes"
1997	Paul D. Boyer	Provo, Utah, U.S.	"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)"
1998	Walter Kohn	Vienna, Austria	"for his development of the density-functional theory"
1999	Ahmed H. Zewail	Damanhour, Egypt	"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy"
2000	Alan Heeger	Sioux City, Iowa, United States	"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers"
2000	Alan MacDiarmid	Masterton, New Zealand	"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers"
2001	William S. Knowles	Taunton, Massachusetts, US	"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions"
2001	K. Barry Sharpless	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.	"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions"
2002	John Bennett Fenn	New York City, U.S.	"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"
2003	Peter Agre	Northfield, Minnesota, U.S.	"for the discovery of water channels"
2003	Roderick MacKinnon	Burlington, Massachusetts, US	"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels"
2004	Irwin Rose	Brooklyn, New York, U.S.	"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"
2005	Robert H. Grubbs	Marshall County, Kentucky, U.S.	"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis"
2005	Richard R. Schrock	Berne, Indiana, United States	"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis"
2006	Roger D. Kornberg	St. Louis, Missouri, US	"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"
2008	Roger Yonchien Tsien	New York City, U.S.	"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"
2008	Martin Chalfie	Chicago, Illinois, U.S.	"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"
2009	Venkatraman Ramakrishnan	Chidambaram, Madras State (now Tamil Nadu), India	"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"
2009	Thomas A. Steitz	Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.	"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"
2010	Richard F. Heck	Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis"
2012	Brian K. Kobilka	Little Falls, Minnesota, United States	"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors"
2012	Robert J. Lefkowitz	The Bronx, New York City, USA	"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors"
2013	Arieh Warshel	Kibbutz Sde Nahum, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)	"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems"
2013	Michael Levitt	Pretoria, South Africa	"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems"
2013	Martin Karplus	Vienna, Austria	"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems"
2014	William E. Moerner	Pleasanton, California, U.S.	"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy"
2014	Eric Betzig	Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.	"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy"
2015	Paul L. Modrich	Raton, New Mexico, U.S.	"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair"
2015	Aziz Sancar	Savur, Mardin, Turkey	"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair"
2016	Fraser Stoddart	Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom	"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines"
2017	Joachim Frank	Siegen, Germany	"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"
2018	George P. Smith	Norwalk, Connecticut, U.S.	"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor"
2018	Frances Arnold	Edgewood, Pennsylvania, U.S.	"for the directed evolution of enzymes"
2019	John B. Goodenough	Jena, Weimar Republic	"for the development of lithium-ion batteries"
2019	M. Stanley Whittingham	Nottingham, England	"for the development of lithium-ion batteries"
2020	Jennifer Doudna	Washington, D.C., U.S.	"for the development of a method for genome editing"
2021	David MacMillan	Bellshill, Scotland, United Kingdom	"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis"
2022	Carolyn R. Bertozzi	Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry"
2022	K. Barry Sharpless	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.	"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions"
2023	Louis E. Brus	Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.	"for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots"
2023	Moungi G. Bawendi	Paris, France	"for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots"
2024	John M. Jumper	Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.	“for protein structure prediction”
2024	David Baker	Seattle, Washington, U.S.	"for computational protein design"
2025	Omar M. Yaghi	Amman, Jordan	"for the development of metal–organic frameworks"

Year	Laureate	Birthplace	Motivation
1970	Paul A. Samuelson	Gary, Indiana, U.S.	"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science"
1971	Simon Kuznets	Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)	"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development"
1972	Kenneth J. Arrow	New York City, U.S.	"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory"
1973	Wassily Leontief	Munich, German Empire	"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems"
1975	Tjalling C. Koopmans	's-Graveland, Netherlands	"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources"
1976	Milton Friedman	Brooklyn, New York City, US	"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy."
1978	Herbert A. Simon	Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.	“for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations”
1979	Theodore Schultz	Arlington, South Dakota, US	"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries"
1980	Lawrence R. Klein	Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.	"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies"
1981	James Tobin	Champaign, Illinois, U.S.	"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices"
1982	George J. Stigler	Seattle, Washington, U.S.	"for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation"
1983	Gérard Debreu	Calais, France	"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium"
1985	Franco Modigliani	Rome, Kingdom of Italy	"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"
1986	James M. Buchanan	Murfreesboro, Tennessee, U.S.	"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making"
1987	Robert M. Solow	Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.	"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth"
1990	Merton H. Miller	Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"
1990	William F. Sharpe	Boston, Massachusetts, US	"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"
1990	Harry M. Markowitz	Chicago, Illinois, U.S.	"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"
1991	Ronald Coase	Willesden, London, England	"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy"
1992	Gary S. Becker	Pottsville, Pennsylvania, U.S.	"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour"
1993	Robert W. Fogel	New York City, U.S.	"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change"
1993	Douglass C. North	Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change"
1994	John Harsanyi	Budapest, Hungary	"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games"
1994	John Forbes Nash	Bluefield, West Virginia, U.S.	"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games"
1995	Robert Lucas Jr.	Yakima, Washington, U.S.	"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy"
1996	William Vickrey	Victoria, British Columbia, Canada	"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information"
1997	Robert C. Merton	New York City, U.S.	"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives"
1997	Myron Scholes	Timmins, Ontario, Canada	"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives"
2000	James J. Heckman	Chicago, Illinois, US	"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples"
2000	Daniel L. McFadden	Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.	"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice"
2001	Joseph E. Stiglitz	Gary, Indiana, U.S.	"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information"
2001	George A. Akerlof	New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.	"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information"
2001	A. Michael Spence	Montclair, New Jersey, US	"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information"
2002	Daniel Kahneman	Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)	"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty"
2002	Vernon L. Smith	Wichita, Kansas, U.S.	"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor"
2003	Robert F. Engle	Syracuse, New York, U.S.	"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)"
2004	Edward C. Prescott	Glens Falls, New York, U.S.	"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles"
2005	Robert Aumann	Frankfurt, Hesse-Nassau, Prussia	"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis"
2005	Thomas Schelling	Oakland, California, U.S.	"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis"
2006	Edmund S. Phelps	Evanston, Illinois, U.S.	"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy"
2007	Leonid Hurwicz	Moscow, Russian Republic	"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory"
2007	Eric S. Maskin	New York City, US	"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory"
2007	Roger B. Myerson	Boston, Massachusetts, US	"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory"
2008	Paul Krugman	Albany, New York, U.S.	"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"
2009	Elinor Ostrom	Los Angeles, California, U.S.	"for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons"
2009	Oliver Eaton Williamson	Superior, Wisconsin, U.S.	"for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm"
2010	Peter A. Diamond	New York City, U.S.	"for their analysis of markets with search frictions"
2010	Dale T. Mortensen	Enterprise, Oregon, US	"for their analysis of markets with search frictions"
2011	Christopher A. Sims	Washington, D.C., U.S.	"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy"
2011	Thomas J. Sargent	Pasadena, California, U.S.	"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy"
2012	Alvin E. Roth	New York City, U.S.	"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design"
2012	Lloyd S. Shapley	Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design"
2013	Robert J. Shiller	Detroit, Michigan, U.S.	"for their empirical analysis of asset prices"
2013	Lars Peter Hansen	Urbana, Illinois, U.S.	"for their empirical analysis of asset prices"
2013	Eugene F. Fama	Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for their empirical analysis of asset prices"
2015	Angus Deaton	Edinburgh, Scotland	"for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare"
2016	Oliver Hart	London, England	"for their contributions to contract theory"
2017	Richard H. Thaler	East Orange, New Jersey, US	"for his contributions to behavioural economics"
2018	Paul Romer	Denver, Colorado, US	"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis"
2018	William Nordhaus	Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.	"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis"
2019	Abhijit Banerjee	Mumbai, Maharashtra, India	"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty"
2019	Esther Duflo	Paris, France	"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty"
2019	Michael Kremer	New York City, U.S.	"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty"
2020	Robert B. Wilson	Geneva, Nebraska, U.S.	"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour"
2020	Paul R. Milgrom	Detroit, Michigan, U.S.	"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats"
2021	David Card	Guelph, Ontario, Canada	"for his empirical contributions to labour economics"
2021	Joshua Angrist	Columbus, Ohio, U.S.	"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships"
2021	Guido Imbens	Geldrop, Netherlands	"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships"
2022	Ben Bernanke	Augusta, Georgia, U.S.	"for research on banks and financial crises"
2022	Douglas Diamond	Chicago, Illinois, U.S.	"for their analysis of markets with search frictions"
2022	Philip H. Dybvig	Gainesville, Florida, U.S.	"or research on banks and financial crises"
2023	Claudia Goldin	The Bronx, New York City, U.S.	"for having advanced our understanding of women's labour market outcomes"
2024	Daron Acemoglu	Istanbul, Turkey	"for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity"
2024	Simon Johnson	Sheffield, United Kingdom	"for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity"
2024	James A. Robinson	United Kingdom	"for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity"
2025	Joel Mokyr	Netherlands	"for having identified the prerequisites for sustained growth through technological progress."

Year	Laureate	Birthplace	Motivation
1930	Sinclair Lewis	Sauk Centre, Minnesota, United States	"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters"
1936	Eugene O'Neill	New York City, U.S.	"for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy"
1938	Pearl S. Buck	Hillsboro, West Virginia, U.S.	"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces"
1948	T. S. Eliot	St. Louis, Missouri, US	"for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry"
1949	William Faulkner	New Albany, Mississippi, U.S.	"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel"
1954	Ernest Hemingway	Oak Park, Illinois, U.S.	"for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"
1962	John Steinbeck	Salinas, California, U.S.	"for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception"
1976	Saul Bellow	Lachine, Quebec, Canada	"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work"
1978	Isaac Bashevis Singer	Leoncin, Congress Poland, Russian Empire	"for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life"
1980	Czesław Miłosz	Šeteniai, Kovno Governorate, Russian Empire	"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts"
1987	Joseph Brodsky	Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia)	"for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity"
1993	Toni Morrison	Lorain, Ohio, U.S.	"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"
2016	Bob Dylan	Duluth, Minnesota, US	"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition"
2020	Louise Glück	New York City, U.S.	"for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal"

Year	Laureate	Birthplace	Motivation
1906	Theodore Roosevelt	New York City, U.S.	"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers, Japan and Russia"
1912	Elihu Root	Clinton, New York, U.S.	"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries"
1919	Woodrow Wilson	Staunton, Virginia, U.S.	"for his role as founder of the League of Nations"
1925	Charles G. Dawes	Marietta, Ohio, U.S.	"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan"
1929	Frank B. Kellogg	Potsdam, New York, U.S.	"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact"
1931	Jane Addams	Cedarville, Illinois, U.S.	"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind"
1931	Nicholas M. Butler	Elizabeth, New Jersey, U.S.	"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind"
1945	Cordell Hull	Olympus, Tennessee, U.S.	"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations"
1946	Emily G. Balch	Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace"
1946	John R. Mott	Livingston Manor, Sullivan County, New York, U.S.	"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries"
1947	American Friends Service Committee	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US	"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering, thereby promoting the fraternity between nations"
1950	Ralph J. Bunche	Detroit, Michigan, U.S.	"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948–1949"
1953	George C. Marshall	Uniontown, Pennsylvania, U.S.	"for a plan aimed at the economic recovery of Western Europe after World War II"
1962	Linus C. Pauling	Portland, Oregon, U.S.	"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West"
1964	Martin Luther King Jr.	Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.	"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population"
1970	Norman Borlaug	Cresco, Iowa, United States	"for having given a well-founded hope – the green revolution"
1973	Henry Kissinger	Fürth, Bavaria, Weimar Republic	"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973"
1986	Elie Wiesel	Sighet, Kingdom of Romania	"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace, atonement and dignity"
1997	Jody Williams	Rutland, Vermont, United States	"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines"
2002	Jimmy Carter	Plains, Georgia, U.S.	"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development"
2007	Al Gore	Washington, D.C., U.S.	"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change"
2009	Barack Obama	Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.	"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples"
2021	Maria Ressa	Manila, Philippines	"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace"

Year	Laureate	Birthplace	Motivation
1907	Albert A. Michelson	Strelno, Kingdom of Prussia, German Confederation	"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid"
1923	Robert A. Millikan	Morrison, Illinois, U.S.	"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect"
1927	Arthur H. Compton	Wooster, Ohio, U.S.	"for his discovery of the effect named after him"
1936	Carl David Anderson	New York City, U.S.	"for his discovery of the positron"
1937	Clinton Davisson	Bloomington, Illinois, USA	"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals"
1939	Ernest Lawrence	Canton, South Dakota, U.S.	"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements"
1943	Otto Stern	Sohrau, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire (today Żory, Poland)	"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton"
1944	Isidor Isaac Rabi	Rymanów, Galicia, Austria-Hungary	"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei"
1946	Percy W. Bridgman	Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics"
1952	E. M. Purcell	Taylorville, Illinois, United States	"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"
1952	Felix Bloch	Zürich, Switzerland	"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"
1955	Willis E. Lamb	Los Angeles, California, U.S.	"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum"
1955	Polykarp Kusch	Blankenburg, District of Blankenburg, Duchy of Brunswick, German Empire	"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron"
1956	William B. Shockley	London, England	"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"
1956	John Bardeen	Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.	"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"
1956	Walter H. Brattain	Xiamen, Fujian, China	"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"
1957	Chen Ning Yang	Hefei, Republic of China	"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles"
1957	Tsung-Dao Lee	Shanghai, Republic of China	"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3"
1959	Owen Chamberlain	San Francisco, California, U.S.	"for their discovery of the antiproton"
1959	Emilio Segrè	Tivoli, Kingdom of Italy	"for their discovery of the antiproton"
1960	Donald A. Glaser	Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.	"for the invention of the bubble chamber"
1961	Robert Hofstadter	New York City, U.S.	"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons"
1963	Maria Goeppert-Mayer	Kattowitz, German Empire	"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure"
1963	Eugene Wigner	Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary	"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"
1964	Charles H. Townes	Greenville, South Carolina, US	"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle"
1965	Richard P. Feynman	New York City, U.S.	"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"
1965	Julian Schwinger	New York City, U.S.	"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"
1967	Hans Bethe	Strasbourg, Germany	"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars"
1968	Luis Alvarez	San Francisco, California, US	"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis"
1969	Murray Gell-Mann	Manhattan, New York City, U.S.	"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions"
1972	John Bardeen	Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.	"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"
1972	Leon N. Cooper	Bronx, New York, U.S.	"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory"
1972	Robert Schrieffer	Oak Park, Illinois, U.S.	"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory"
1973	Ivar Giaever	Bergen, Norway	"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively"
1975	Ben Roy Mottelson	Chicago, Illinois, U.S.	"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection"
1975	James Rainwater	Council, Idaho, U.S.	"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection"
1976	Burton Richter	Brooklyn, New York, U.S.	"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind"
1976	Samuel C. C. Ting	Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.	"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind"
1977	Philip W. Anderson	Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.	"for his discovery of the positron"
1977	John H. van Vleck	Middletown, Connecticut, US	"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"
1978	Robert Woodrow Wilson	Houston, Texas, U.S.	"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour"
1978	Arno Penzias	Munich, Germany	"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"
1979	Steven Weinberg	New York City, U.S.	"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"
1979	Sheldon Glashow	New York City, U.S.	"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"
1980	James Cronin	Chicago, Illinois, U.S.	"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons"
1980	Val Fitch	Merriman, Nebraska, U.S.	"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons"
1981	Nicolaas Bloembergen	Dordrecht, Netherlands	"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy"
1981	Arthur L. Schawlow	Mount Vernon, New York, U.S.	"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy"
1982	Kenneth G. Wilson	Waltham, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour"
1983	William A. Fowler	Pittsburgh, U.S.	"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe"
1983	Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar	Lahore, Punjab, British India (present-day Punjab, Pakistan)	"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars"
1988	Leon M. Lederman	New York City, U.S.	"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"
1988	Melvin Schwartz	New York City, U.S.	"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"
1988	Jack Steinberger	Bad Kissingen, Germany	"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"
1989	Hans G. Dehmelt	Görlitz, Germany	"for the development of the ion trap technique"
1989	Norman F. Ramsey	Washington, D.C., U.S.	"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks"
1990	Jerome I. Friedman	Chicago, Illinois, U.S.	"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics"
1990	Henry W. Kendall	Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"
1993	Russell A. Hulse	New York City, U.S.	"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation"
1993	Joseph H. Taylor Jr.	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.	"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation"
1994	Clifford G. Shull	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.	"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique"
1995	Martin L. Perl	New York City, U.S.	"for the discovery of the tau lepton"
1995	Frederick Reines	Paterson, New Jersey, U.S.	"for the detection of the neutrino"
1996	David M. Lee	Rye, New York, U.S.	"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3"
1996	Douglas D. Osheroff	Aberdeen, Washington, U.S.	"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3"
1996	Robert Coleman Richardson	Washington, D.C., U.S.	"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him"
1997	Steven Chu	St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.	"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light"
1997	William D. Phillips	Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, U.S.	"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light"
1998	Horst Ludwig Störmer	Frankfurt, Hesse, Allied-occupied Germany	"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations"
1998	Robert B. Laughlin	Visalia, California, United States	"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations"
1998	Daniel C. Tsui	Fan village, Henan, China	"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations"
2000	Jack Kilby	Jefferson City, Missouri, U.S.	"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit"
2001	Eric A. Cornell	Palo Alto, California, US	"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"
2001	Carl E. Wieman	Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.	"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"
2002	Raymond Davis Jr.	Washington, D.C., United States	"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos"
2002	Riccardo Giacconi	Genoa, Kingdom of Italy	"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources"
2003	Anthony J. Leggett	Camberwell, London, England	"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"
2003	Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov	Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union	"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"
2004	David J. Gross	Washington, D.C., U.S.	"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"
2004	H. David Politzer	New York City, U.S.	"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"
2004	Frank Wilczek	Mineola, New York, U.S.	"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"
2005	John L. Hall	Denver, Colorado, US	"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm"
2005	Roy J. Glauber	New York City, U.S.	"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence"
2006	John C. Mather	Roanoke, Virginia, U.S.	"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation"
2006	George F. Smoot	Yukon, Florida, U.S.	"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation"
2008	Yoichiro Nambu	Tokyo, Japan	"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics"
2009	Willard S. Boyle	Amherst, Nova Scotia, Canada	"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor"
2009	Charles K. Kao	Shanghai, China	"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication"
2009	George E. Smith	White Plains, New York, U.S.	"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor"
2011	Saul Perlmutter	Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, US	"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae"
2011	Brian P. Schmidt	Missoula, Montana, United States	"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae"
2011	Adam G. Riess	Washington, D.C., U.S.	"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae"
2012	David J. Wineland	Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States	"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems"
2014	Shuji Nakamura	Ikata, Ehime, Japan	"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources"
2016	F. Duncan M. Haldane	London, England	"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter"
2016	John M. Kosterlitz	Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom	"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter"
2017	Rainer Weiss	Berlin, Germany	"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves"
2017	Kip Thorne	Logan, Utah, U.S.	"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves"
2017	Barry Barish	Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.	"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves"
2018	Arthur Ashkin	Brooklyn, New York, U.S.	"for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems"
2019	Jim Peebles	Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada	"for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology"
2020	Andrea Ghez	New York City, U.S.	"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy"
2021	Syukuro Manabe	Shinritsu, Uma, Ehime, Japan	"for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming"
2022	John Clauser	Pasadena, California, U.S.	"for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science"
2024	John Hopfield	Chicago, Illinois, U.S.	"for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks”
2025	John M. Martinis	U.S.	"for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit"

List of American Nobel laureates

Economics

Literature

Peace

Physics

Physiology or Medicine

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Year	Laureate	Birthplace	Motivation
1933	Thomas H. Morgan	Lexington, Kentucky, US	"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity"
1934	George R. Minot	Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia"
1934	William P. Murphy	Stoughton, Wisconsin, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia"
1934	George H. Whipple	Ashland, New Hampshire, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia"
1943	Edward A. Doisy	Hume, Illinois, US	"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K"
1944	Joseph Erlanger	San Francisco, California, US	"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"
1944	Herbert S. Gasser	Platteville, Wisconsin, U.S.	"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"
1946	Hermann J. Muller	New York City, U.S.	"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation"
1947	Carl Ferdinand Cori	Prague, Austro-Hungarian Empire	"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"
1947	Gerty Cori	Prague, Bohemia, Austro-Hungarian Empire	"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"
1950	Philip S. Hench	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US	"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"
1950	Edward C. Kendall	South Norwalk, Connecticut, United States	"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"
1952	Selman A. Waksman	Nova Pryluka (near Vinnytsia), Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire (now Ukraine)	"for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis"
1953	Fritz Albert Lipmann	Königsberg, German Empire (present-day Kaliningrad, Russia)	"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism"
1954	John F. Enders	West Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.	"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"
1954	Frederick C. Robbins	Auburn, Alabama, U.S.	"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"
1954	Thomas H. Weller	Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.	"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"
1956	Dickinson W. Richards	Orange, New Jersey, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system"
1956	André F. Cournand	Paris, France	"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system"
1958	George Beadle	Wahoo, Nebraska, U.S.	"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events"
1958	Joshua Lederberg	Montclair, New Jersey, U.S.	"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria"
1958	Edward Tatum	Boulder, Colorado, United States	"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events"
1959	Arthur Kornberg	New York City, U.S.	"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"
1959	Severo Ochoa	Luarca, Asturias, Spain	"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"
1961	Georg von Békésy	Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary	"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea"
1962	James D. Watson	Chicago, Illinois, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"
1964	Konrad Bloch	Neisse, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire	"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"
1966	Charles B. Huggins	Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada	"for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer"
1966	Francis Peyton Rous	Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.	"for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses"
1967	Haldan Keffer Hartline	Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, US	"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye"
1967	George Wald	New York City, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye"
1968	Robert W. Holley	Urbana, Illinois, U.S.	"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis"
1968	Har Gobind Khorana	Raipur, Multan, Punjab Province, British India (present day Punjab, Pakistan)	"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis"
1968	Marshall Warren Nirenberg	New York City, U.S.	"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis"
1969	Max Delbrück	Berlin, German Empire	"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses"
1969	Alfred Hershey	Owosso, Michigan, US	"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses"
1969	Salvador Luria	Turin, Kingdom of Italy	"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses"
1970	Julius Axelrod	New York City, USA	"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"
1971	Earl W. Sutherland Jr.	Burlingame, Kansas, U.S.	"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones"
1972	Gerald Edelman	Ozone Park, Queens, New York, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies"
1974	George E. Palade	Iași, Romania	"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell"
1975	David Baltimore	New York City, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell"
1975	Renato Dulbecco	Catanzaro, Italy	"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell"
1975	Howard Martin Temin	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell"
1976	Baruch S. Blumberg	Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases"
1976	Daniel Carleton Gajdusek	Yonkers, New York, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases"
1977	Roger Guillemin	Dijon, France	"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain"
1977	Andrew Schally	Wilno, Poland	"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain"
1977	Rosalyn Yalow	New York City, U.S.	"for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones"
1978	Hamilton O. Smith	New York City, U.S.	"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor"
1978	Daniel Nathans	Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.	"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"
1979	Allan M. Cormack	Johannesburg, South Africa	"for the development of computer assisted tomography"
1980	Baruj Benacerraf	Caracas, Venezuela	"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"
1980	George D. Snell	Bradford, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"
1981	David H. Hubel	Windsor, Ontario, Canada	"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system"
1981	Roger W. Sperry	Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.	"for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres"
1983	Barbara McClintock	Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.	"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements"
1985	Michael S. Brown	Brooklyn, New York, United States	"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis"
1985	Joseph L. Goldstein	Kingstree, South Carolina, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"
1986	Stanley Cohen	Brooklyn, New York, U.S.	"for their discoveries of growth factors"
1986	Rita Levi-Montalcini	Turin, Italy	"for their discoveries of growth factors"
1988	Gertrude B. Elion	New York City, United States	"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
1988	George H. Hitchings	Hoquiam, Washington, U.S.	"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
1989	J. Michael Bishop	York, Pennsylvania, U.S.	"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"
1989	Harold E. Varmus	Oceanside, New York, US	"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"
1990	Joseph E. Murray	Milford, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"
1990	E. Donnall Thomas	Mart, Texas, United States	"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"
1992	Edmond H. Fischer	Shanghai International Settlement, Shanghai, China	"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"
1992	Edwin G. Krebs	Lansing, Iowa, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"
1993	Phillip A. Sharp	Falmouth, Kentucky, U.S.	"for their discoveries of split genes"
1994	Alfred G. Gilman	New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.	"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells"
1994	Martin Rodbell	Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.	"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells"
1995	Edward B. Lewis	Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, US	"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"
1995	Eric F. Wieschaus	South Bend, Indiana, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"
1997	Stanley B. Prusiner	Des Moines, Iowa, United States	"for his discovery of Prions – a new biological principle of infection"
1998	Robert F. Furchgott	Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"
1998	Louis J. Ignarro	Brooklyn, NY, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"
1998	Ferid Murad	Whiting, Indiana, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"
1999	Günter Blobel	Waltersdorf (currently Niegosławice), Lower Silesia, Germany	"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell"
2000	Paul Greengard	New York City, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system"
2000	Eric Kandel	Vienna, Austria	"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system"
2001	Leland H. Hartwell	Los Angeles, California, U.S.	"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle"
2002	Sydney Brenner	Germiston, Transvaal, Union of South Africa	"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'"
2002	H. Robert Horvitz	Chicago, Illinois, US	"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'"
2003	Paul C. Lauterbur	Sidney, Ohio, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging"
2004	Richard Axel	New York City, US	"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"
2004	Linda B. Buck	Seattle, Washington, U.S.	"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"
2006	Andrew Z. Fire	Palo Alto, California, U.S.	"for their discovery of RNA interference – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"
2006	Craig C. Mello	New Haven, Connecticut, US	"for their discovery of RNA interference – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"
2007	Mario R. Capecchi	Verona, Italy	"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells"
2007	Oliver Smithies	Halifax, West Yorkshire, England	"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells"
2009	Elizabeth Blackburn	Hobart, Tasmania, Australia	"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"
2009	Carol W. Greider	San Diego, California, U.S.	"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"
2009	Jack W. Szostak	London, United Kingdom	"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"
2011	Ralph M. Steinman	Montreal, Quebec, Canada	"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity"
2011	Bruce Beutler	Chicago, Illinois, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"
2013	Randy Schekman	Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S.	"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"
2013	Thomas C. Südhof	Göttingen, Germany	"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"
2013	James Rothman	Haverhill, Massachusetts, US	"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"
2014	John O'Keefe	New York City, U.S.	"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain"
2015	William C. Campbell	Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland	"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites"
2017	Michael W. Young	Miami, Florida, U.S.	"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm"
2017	Michael Rosbash	Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.	"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm"
2017	Jeffrey C. Hall	New York City, U.S.	"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm"
2018	James Allison	Alice, Texas, U.S.	"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation"
2019	William Kaelin Jr.	New York City, U.S.	"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability"
2019	Gregg L. Semenza	New York City. New York, U.S.	"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability"
2020	Harvey J. Alter	New York City, U.S.	"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus"
2020	Charles M. Rice	Sacramento, California, U.S.	"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus"
2021	David Julius	New York City, U.S.	"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch"
2021	Ardem Patapoutian	Beirut, Lebanon	"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch"
2023	Drew Weissman	Lexington, Massachusetts, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19"
2023	Katalin Karikó	Szolnok, Hungary	"for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19"
2024	Victor Ambros	Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.	"for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation"
2024	Gary Ruvkun	Berkeley, California, U.S.	"for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation"
2025	Mary E. Brunkow	Portland, Oregon, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance"
2025	Fred Ramsdell	Elmhurst, Illinois, U.S.	"for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance"

v t e American Nobel laureates
Chemistry	Theodore W. Richards (1914) Irving Langmuir (1932) Harold C. Urey (1934) Wendell M. Stanley (1946) James B. Sumner (1946) John H. Northrop (1946) William Giauque (1949) Edwin M. McMillan (1951) Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1951) Linus C. Pauling (1954) Vincent du Vigneaud (1955) Willard F. Libby (1960) Melvin Calvin (1961) Robert B. Woodward (1965) Robert S. Mulliken (1966) Lars Onsager (1968) Christian Anfinsen (1972) Stanford Moore (1972) William H. Stein (1972) Paul J. Flory (1974) William Lipscomb (1976) Herbert C. Brown (1979) Walter Gilbert (1980) Paul Berg (1980) Roald Hoffmann (1981) Henry Taube (1983) Bruce Merrifield (1984) Jerome Karle (1985) Herbert A. Hauptman (1985) Dudley R. Herschbach (1986) Yuan T. Lee (1986) Charles J. Pedersen (1987) Donald J. Cram (1987) Sidney Altman (1989) Thomas R. Cech (1989) Elias James Corey (1990) Rudolph A. Marcus (1992) Kary B. Mullis (1993) George Andrew Olah (1994) Mario J. Molina (1995) F. Sherwood Rowland (1995) Richard E. Smalley (1996) Robert F. Curl Jr. (1996) Paul D. Boyer (1997) Walter Kohn (1998) Ahmed H. Zewail (1999) Alan Heeger (2000) Alan MacDiarmid (2000) William S. Knowles (2001) K. Barry Sharpless (2001) John Bennett Fenn (2002) Peter Agre (2003) Roderick MacKinnon (2003) Irwin Rose (2004) Robert H. Grubbs (2005) Richard R. Schrock (2005) Roger D. Kornberg (2006) Roger Yonchien Tsien (2008) Martin Chalfie (2008) Osamu Shimomura (2008) Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (2009) Thomas A. Steitz (2009) Ei-ichi Negishi (2010) Richard F. Heck (2010) Brian K. Kobilka (2012) Robert J. Lefkowitz (2012) Arieh Warshel (2013) Michael Levitt (2013) Martin Karplus (2013) William E. Moerner (2014) Eric Betzig (2014) Paul L. Modrich (2015) Aziz Sancar (2015) Fraser Stoddart (2016) Joachim Frank (2017) George P. Smith (2018) Frances Arnold (2018) John B. Goodenough (2019) M. Stanley Whittingham (2019) Jennifer Doudna (2020) David MacMillan (2021) Carolyn R. Bertozzi (2022) K. Barry Sharpless (2022) Louis Brus (2023) Moungi Bawendi (2023) Alexei Ekimov (2023) John M. Jumper (2024) David Baker (2024) Omar M. Yaghi (2025)
Literature	Sinclair Lewis (1930) Eugene O'Neill (1936) Pearl S. Buck (1938) T. S. Eliot (1948) William Faulkner (1949) Ernest Hemingway (1954) John Steinbeck (1962) Saul Bellow (1976) Isaac Bashevis Singer (1978) Czesław Miłosz (1980) Joseph Brodsky (1987) Toni Morrison (1993) Bob Dylan (2016) Louise Glück (2020)
Peace	Theodore Roosevelt (1906) Elihu Root (1912) Woodrow Wilson (1919) Charles G. Dawes (1925) Frank B. Kellogg (1929) Jane Addams (1931) Nicholas M. Butler (1931) Cordell Hull (1945) Emily G. Balch (1946) John R. Mott (1946) American Friends Service Committee (The Quakers) (1947) Ralph J. Bunche (1950) George C. Marshall (1953) Linus C. Pauling (1962) Martin Luther King Jr. (1964) Norman Borlaug (1970) Henry Kissinger (1973) Elie Wiesel (1986) Jody Williams (1997) Jimmy Carter (2002) Al Gore (2007) Barack H. Obama (2009) Maria Ressa (2021)
Physics	Albert A. Michelson (1907) Robert A. Millikan (1923) Arthur H. Compton (1927) Carl Anderson (1936) Clinton Davisson (1937) Ernest Lawrence (1939) Otto Stern (1943) Isidor Isaac Rabi (1944) Percy W. Bridgman (1946) E. M. Purcell (1952) Felix Bloch (1952) Willis E. Lamb (1955) Polykarp Kusch (1955) William B. Shockley (1956) John Bardeen (1956) Walter H. Brattain (1956) Chen Ning Yang (1957) Tsung-Dao Lee (1957) Owen Chamberlain (1959) Emilio Segrè (1959) Donald A. Glaser (1960) Robert Hofstadter (1961) Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1963) Eugene Wigner (1963) Charles H. Townes (1964) Richard P. Feynman (1965) Julian Schwinger (1965) Hans Bethe (1967) Luis Alvarez (1968) Murray Gell-Mann (1969) John Bardeen (1972) Leon N. Cooper (1972) Robert Schrieffer (1972) Ivar Giaever (1973) Ben Roy Mottelson (1975) James Rainwater (1975) Burton Richter (1976) Samuel C. C. Ting (1976) Philip Anderson (1977) John H. van Vleck (1977) Robert Woodrow Wilson (1978) Arno Penzias (1978) Steven Weinberg (1979) Sheldon Glashow (1979) James Cronin (1980) Val Fitch (1980) Nicolaas Bloembergen (1981) Arthur L. Schawlow (1981) Kenneth G. Wilson (1982) William A. Fowler (1983) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1983) Leon M. Lederman (1988) Melvin Schwartz (1988) Jack Steinberger (1988) Hans G. Dehmelt (1989) Norman F. Ramsey (1989) Jerome I. Friedman (1990) Henry W. Kendall (1990) Russell A. Hulse (1993) Joseph H. Taylor Jr. (1993) Clifford G. Shull (1994) Martin L. Perl (1995) Frederick Reines (1995) David M. Lee (1996) Douglas D. Osheroff (1996) Robert C. Richardson (1996) Steven Chu (1997) William D. Phillips (1997) Horst Ludwig Störmer (1998) Robert B. Laughlin (1998) Daniel C. Tsui (1998) Jack Kilby (2000) Eric A. Cornell (2001) Carl E. Wieman (2001) Raymond Davis Jr. (2002) Riccardo Giacconi (2002) Anthony J. Leggett (2003) Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (2003) David J. Gross (2004) H. David Politzer (2004) Frank Wilczek (2004) John L. Hall (2005) Roy J. Glauber (2005) John C. Mather (2006) George F. Smoot (2006) Yoichiro Nambu (2008) Willard S. Boyle (2009) Charles K. Kao (2009) George E. Smith (2009) Saul Perlmutter (2011) Brian P. Schmidt (2011) Adam G. Riess (2011) David J. Wineland (2012) Shuji Nakamura (2014) F. Duncan M. Haldane (2016) John M. Kosterlitz (2016) Rainer Weiss (2017) Kip Thorne (2017) Barry Barish (2017) Arthur Ashkin (2018) Jim Peebles (2019) Andrea Ghez (2020) Syukuro Manabe (2021) John Clauser (2022) John Hopfield (2024) John M. Martinis (2025)
Physiology or Medicine	Thomas H. Morgan (1933) George R. Minot (1934) William P. Murphy (1934) George H. Whipple (1934) Edward A. Doisy (1943) Joseph Erlanger (1944) Herbert S. Gasser (1944) Hermann J. Muller (1946) Carl Ferdinand Cori (1947) Gerty Cori (1947) Philip S. Hench (1950) Edward C. Kendall (1950) Selman A. Waksman (1952) Fritz Albert Lipmann (1953) John F. Enders (1954) Frederick C. Robbins (1954) Thomas H. Weller (1954) Dickinson W. Richards (1956) André F. Cournand (1956) George Beadle (1958) Joshua Lederberg (1958) Edward Tatum (1958) Arthur Kornberg (1959) Severo Ochoa (1959) Georg von Békésy (1961) James D. Watson (1962) Konrad Bloch (1964) Charles B. Huggins (1966) Francis Peyton Rous (1966) Haldan Keffer Hartline (1967) George Wald (1967) Robert W. Holley (1968) Har Gobind Khorana (1968) Marshall Warren Nirenberg (1968) Max Delbrück (1969) Alfred Hershey (1969) Salvador Luria (1969) Julius Axelrod (1970) Earl W. Sutherland Jr. (1971) Gerald Edelman (1972) George E. Palade (1974) David Baltimore (1975) Renato Dulbecco (1975) Howard Martin Temin (1975) Baruch S. Blumberg (1976) Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (1976) Roger Guillemin (1977) Andrew Schally (1977) Rosalyn Yalow (1977) Daniel Nathans (1978) Hamilton O. Smith (1978) Allan M. Cormack (1979) Baruj Benacerraf (1980) George D. Snell (1980) David H. Hubel (1981) Roger W. Sperry (1981) Barbara McClintock (1983) Michael S. Brown (1985) Joseph L. Goldstein (1985) Stanley Cohen (1986) Rita Levi-Montalcini (1986) Gertrude B. Elion (1988) George H. Hitchings (1988) J. Michael Bishop (1989) Harold E. Varmus (1989) Joseph E. Murray (1990) E. Donnall Thomas (1990) Edmond H. Fischer (1992) Edwin G. Krebs (1992) Phillip A. Sharp (1993) Alfred G. Gilman (1994) Martin Rodbell (1994) Edward B. Lewis (1995) Eric F. Wieschaus (1995) Stanley B. Prusiner (1997) Robert F. Furchgott (1998) Louis J. Ignarro (1998) Ferid Murad (1998) Günter Blobel (1999) Paul Greengard (2000) Eric Kandel (2000) Leland H. Hartwell (2001) Sydney Brenner (2002) H. Robert Horvitz (2002) Paul C. Lauterbur (2003) Richard Axel (2004) Linda B. Buck (2004) Andrew Z. Fire (2006) Craig C. Mello (2006) Mario R. Capecchi (2007) Oliver Smithies (2007) Elizabeth Blackburn (2009) Carol W. Greider (2009) Jack W. Szostak (2009) Ralph M. Steinman (2011) Bruce Beutler (2011) Randy Schekman (2013) Thomas C. Südhof (2013) James Rothman (2013) John O'Keefe (2014) William C. Campbell (2015) Michael W. Young (2017) Michael Rosbash (2017) Jeffrey C. Hall (2017) James Allison (2018) William Kaelin Jr. (2019) Gregg L. Semenza (2019) Harvey J. Alter (2020) Charles M. Rice (2020) David Julius (2021) Ardem Patapoutian (2021) Drew Weissman (2023) Katalin Karikó (2023) Victor Ambros (2024) Gary Ruvkun (2024) Mary E. Brunkow (2025) Fred Ramsdell (2025)
Economic Sciences	Paul A. Samuelson (1970) Simon Kuznets (1971) Kenneth J. Arrow (1972) Wassily Leontief (1973) Tjalling C. Koopmans (1975) Milton Friedman (1976) Herbert A. Simon (1978) Theodore Schultz (1979) Lawrence R. Klein (1980) James Tobin (1981) George J. Stigler (1982) Gérard Debreu (1983) Franco Modigliani (1985) James M. Buchanan (1986) Robert M. Solow (1987) Merton H. Miller (1990) William F. Sharpe (1990) Harry M. Markowitz (1990) Ronald Coase (1991) Gary S. Becker (1992) Robert W. Fogel (1993) Douglass C. North (1993) John Harsanyi (1994) John Forbes Nash (1994) Robert Lucas Jr. (1995) William Vickrey (1996) Robert C. Merton (1997) Myron Scholes (1997) James J. Heckman (2000) Daniel L. McFadden (2000) Joseph E. Stiglitz (2001) George A. Akerlof (2001) A. Michael Spence (2001) Daniel Kahneman (2002) Vernon L. Smith (2002) Robert F. Engle (2003) Edward C. Prescott (2004) Robert Aumann (2005) Thomas Schelling (2005) Edmund S. Phelps (2006) Leonid Hurwicz (2007) Eric S. Maskin (2007) Roger B. Myerson (2007) Paul Krugman (2008) Elinor Ostrom (2009) Oliver Eaton Williamson (2009) Peter A. Diamond (2010) Dale T. Mortensen (2010) Christopher A. Sims (2011) Thomas J. Sargent (2011) Alvin E. Roth (2012) Lloyd S. Shapley (2012) Robert J. Shiller (2013) Lars Peter Hansen (2013) Eugene F. Fama (2013) Angus Deaton (2015) Oliver Hart (2016) Richard H. Thaler (2017) Paul Romer (2018) William Nordhaus (2018) Abhijit Banerjee (2019) Esther Duflo (2019) Michael Kremer (2019) Robert B. Wilson (2020) Paul R. Milgrom (2020) David Card (2021) Joshua Angrist (2021) Guido Imbens (2021) Ben Bernanke (2022) Douglas Diamond (2022) Philip H. Dybvig (2022) Claudia Goldin (2023) Daron Acemoglu (2024) Simon Johnson (2024) James A. Robinson (2024) Joel Mokyr (2025)