The Nobel Prizes are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to Mankind."
This list encompasses all 28 laureates of the Nobel Prize who were citizens of Russia or the Russian Empire, or were citizens of these countries, studied there, and had their citizenship removed for various reasons at the time of receiving the award, or at another time during their life.
However, Henryk Sienkiewicz was included despite listed as Polish by the Nobel Committee: he was born, lived and died as Russian Empire subject, and Poland was not a sovereign country during his lifetime. Wassily Leontief was included because, although he was born in Germany, he held Soviet and Russian citizenship and was affiliated with Leningrad University. Of note is that Mikhail Sholokhov is the only citizen of the Soviet Union who received approval from the Soviet government to receive their Nobel Prize in literature.[1] During the Soviet period, all other Nobel Laureates in literature or peace (except Gorbachev) were dissidents or exiles.[1]
“because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer”
First actual Russian Nobel laureate in literature, however, he wrote in Polish language and listed as Polish by nationality. Poland was not a sovereign state during his lifetime.
Metchnikoff shared the 1908 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with German physician and scientist Paul Ehrlich. Both subjects were awarded for their works regarding immunity.
“For his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition”
After Pasternak announced acceptance of the prize, the government of the Soviet Union then threatened Pasternak of not being allowed into back into the country if he left to accept it.[12]
Ilya Frank (1908 – 1990) Russian: Илья Михайлович Франк
Pavel Cherenkov (1904 – 1990) Russian: Павел Алексеевич Черенков
1962
Lev Landau (1908 – 1968) Russian: Лев Давидович Ландау
Physics
“For his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium”
Landau was awarded for his "pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium."[17] He was unable to attend the ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden to receive the prize personally, due to a car accident.[17] Rolf Sulman, the Swedish ambassador in the Soviet Union at the time presented the award to Landau in Moscow in 1962.[17]
Nikolay Basov (1922 – 2001) Russian: Николай Геннадиевич Басов
Physics
“For fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle”
Mikhail Sholokhov (1905 – 1984) Russian: Михаил Александрович Шолохов
Literature
“For the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people”
Zhores Alferov (1930 – 2019) Belarusian: Жарэс Іванавіч Алфёра
Physics
“For developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics”
Alferov shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics with Jack S. Kilby and Herbert Kroemer, both American physicists, for "basic work on information and communication technology".
“The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy”
Memorial is an international human rights organisation, founded and originally headquartered in Russia, although it was already banned in Russia in 2021 before the Nobel Prize was awarded to it, and moved abroad.
_(cropped).jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
_(cropped).jpg)
