List of wars involving Ethiopia

• Sultanate of Ifat
• Kingdom of Damot
• Hadiya Sultanate
• Sultanate of Dawaro
• Enderta Province
• Kingdom of Simien
• & more

• Incorporation of the southern kingdoms into the Ethiopian Empire
• Conquest of Dawaro
• Re-establishment of Imperial hegemony in Tigray
• Establishment of Imperial hegemony in Ifat
• Spread of Judaism in modern-day Mi'irabawi halted

• Death of the Adal Sultan^[1][2][3]

• Status quo ante bellum^[4]

• Egypt Eyalet
• Yemen Eyalet

Medri Bahri
Adal Sultanate

• • Ethiopian victory in the highlands^[5][6][7]
  • Ottoman annexation of Massawa^[8][9][10]
  • Decline and dissolution of the Adal Sultanate^[11][12][13]
  • Establishment of Habesh Eyalet in Hergigo and Massawa^[14]
  • The establishment of Ottoman Zeila^[15][16]

• Iyasu II's army defeated
• Several of the Ethiopian Emperor's valuables lost

• Tewodros II becomes Emperor

• Eyalet of Egypt

• Ethiopia retains territorial integrity and independence
• Ottoman-Egyptians expand south into the Great Lakes region
• Leads to the Egyptian-Ethiopian war

 United Kingdom

•  India
• Ethiopian rebels

• Tewodros II commits suicide to avoid capture

• Egyptian Khedive defeated
• Collapse of Egyptian Khedivate

Mahdist State

• End of Mahdist raids into Ethiopia at the Battle of Gallabat
• Death of Emperor Yohannes IV
• End of the Mahdist war in 1889

• Treaty of Wuchale; establishment of Italian Eritrea

(Late 19th century)

Various polities (see List of polities involved)

• Incorporation of the southern kingdoms into the Ethiopian Empire.
• Incorporation of the Oromo borderlands such as the Kingdom of Jimma, Qabesh, and Arsi Oromo into the Ethiopian Empire
• Incorporation of the Emirate of Harar and Ogaden region into the Ethiopian Empire
• Beginning of the Dervish war in response to Ethiopian expansion into the Ogaden
• Centralization of Ethiopia in Shewa
• Founding of Addis Ababa in 1897.

• Ethiopia retains independence
• Italians defeated

• Collapse of the Dervish State

• Italian control over most of the Ethiopian Empire's former territory
• Establishment of Italian East Africa
• Beginning of Arbegnoch anti-fascist resistance

British Empire

• United Kingdom
•  India
•  South Africa
• Kenya
•  Sudan
• Nigeria
• Gold Coast
•  Somaliland
• Northern Rhodesia
• Southern Rhodesia
• Uganda
• Nyasaland
• Australia
•  New Zealand

• Congo

Free France

• Equatorial Africa

 Italy

•  Italian East Africa

• Fall of Italian East Africa
• Independence of Ethiopia

• Revolt crushed

• The Korean Armistice Agreement

•  Ethiopia

•  Ethiopia

• Debellation of Congolese separatist states

• Revolt crushed, peace agreement

• Military offensive of Ethiopia repulsed, ceasefire agreement^[34][35]

OLF
(until 2018)
OLA
(initially part of OLF, independent from 2018)
IFLO
(1985–87)
EUPF
(1993–2012)^[36]
Supported by:^[d]
Eritrea
(1998–2018)^[37]
Egypt (alleged)^[38]

• Start of peace talks between government of Ethiopia and the OLA on 25 April 2023^[39][40]
• Conflict resumes after peace talks failed in May 2023.
• The OLA and the government signed a peace deal on 1 December 2024 and its members started moving into designated camps^{[41][42][43][44]}

• Eritrean insurgency begins in 1961
• ELF defeated by EPLF and TPLF during the Eritrean Civil Wars
• Fall of the Derg regime
• Eritrea gains de facto independence from Ethiopia in 1991 under EPLF rule, and de jure independence after the referendum held in 1993 under UN auspices
• Independence of Eritrea
• Ethiopia becomes a landlocked country.

• Somalia breaks all ties with the Soviet Bloc and the Second World (except China and Romania).^[76]
• Beginning of the Somali Rebellion

Ethiopia
SSDF

Somalia

• Ethiopian invasion repulsed^[79][80]
• Stalemate at border towns of Galdogob and Balanbale
• Upsurge in domestic support for Somali President Siad Barre
• United States delivers emergency military aid to Somalia^[81]
• Ethiopian army and SSDF temporarily occupy the border towns of Galdogob and Balanbale^[82]

Derg (1974–1987)
PDR Ethiopia (1987–1991)
Supported by:
Soviet Union^[83][84][85] (1974–1990)
 Cuba (1974–1990)
South Yemen (1974–1990)
Somali anti-Barre groups:

• USC
• SSDF
• SPM
• SNM

Somali Anti WSLF-groups:

• Afraad
• SNM

EPRDF

• TPLF
• EPDM
• OPDO

EPRP
MEISON (from 1977)
EDU
OLF
WSLF
ALF
Eritrean separatists:

• ELF (until 1981)
• EPLF

Somali nationalists:

• WSLF
• ONLF^[86]
  Supported by:
• United States^[87]
• Somalia (1978–1991)^[88]
• China (from 1978)^[89]
• Romania (1978–1989)

• Fall of the Ethiopian Empire and subsequent implementation of military rule
• Creation, then collapse, of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia by the Derg
• Installation of the TPLF-led transitional government which would later become the EPRDF government in Ethiopia
• Installation of the EPLF-established PFDJ government in Eritrea after independence from Ethiopia
• Independence of Eritrea; Ethiopia becomes a landlocked country.

Ethiopia
Supported by:
Somaliland^[93][94]

ONLF
Supported by:
 Eritrea^[95]
 Egypt (alleged by Ethiopia)^[96]

al-Itihaad al-Islamiya^[97]
(1992–97)

• Status quo ante bellum

• Algiers Agreement (2000)
• Most of the disputed territory awarded to Eritrea by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 2002^[101]
• Ethiopian occupation of disputed territories and the border town of Badme until the 2020 Tigray War
• Refugee displacement and humanitarian crises of Eritreans and Ethiopians
• Deployment of UN Peace-keeping troops along disputed border region^[102]
• Conflict over the border continues until 2018
• Final and binding border delimitation by the International Court of Arbitration^[103]

• Disintegration of the Islamic Courts Union government and emergence of Islamist insurgency
• Deployment of AMISOM (2007)
• Rise of al-Shabaab^[114]
• Escalation of Insurgency in Ogaden^[115]
• Proliferation of Somali piracy
• Insurgency recaptures majority of south/central Somalia and Mogadishu
• Withdrawal of ENDF from Mogadishu and majority of Somalia (2009)
• New phase of Somali Civil War with conflict between 'radical' and 'moderate' Islamists

UNMISS^[116]

• Regional Protection Force^[117]
  • Rwanda
  • Ethiopia

• SPLA
• Air Force
• Mathiang Anyoor
• Maban Defence Force^[118]

Allied militias:
SSLM
SRF

• JEM^[e]
• SPLM-N^[123][121] (alleged)
• SLA-AW^[124]
• SLA-MM^[124]

EUPF^[125] (alleged)
State allies:
Uganda
Egypt^[126] (alleged)

SPLM-IO^[127]
Nuer White Army^[128]

SSDM

• Cobra Faction^[f]
• Greater Pibor Forces (since 2015)^[130]
• Agwelek forces^[133][134]

TFNF^[135]
SSFDP^[136]
South Sudan National Army^[137][138]
NAS
Arrow Boys (since Nov. 2015)
Wau State insurgents^[139]
SSOA (until September 2018)
SSOMA/NSSSOG (until Jan. 2020)
Supported by:
Sudan (South Sudanese gov. claim)^[140]

Ethiopia

• Oromia

Somali

• Liyu Police

Ethiopia

• ENDF
• Benishangul-Gumuz Region
• Amhara Region

Fano^[145]

Gumuz People’s Democratic Movement^[146]
Benishangul People's Liberation Movement^[147]
Oromo Liberation Army
Tigray People's Liberation Front (alleged)

Tigray
OLA (2021–22)^[152][153]

• The government and the TPLF formally agreed to a cessation of hostilities and systematic, verifiable disarmament (2 November 2022)^{[154][155][156]}
• Second agreement for implementing the peace deal signed by both parties (12 November 2022)^[157][158]
• Federal authority in the Tigray Region is reestablished
• Interim Regional Administration of Tigray formed on 23 March 2023
• Continued Eritrean military presence in Tigray as of 2023 ^{[citation needed]}
• Status of Tigray Region's Western Zone still disputed

Amhara militias
Alleged:
Ethiopia
Eritrea^[159]

Sudan

• Disengagement and de-escalation
• Sudan recaptures all of the border territory with Ethiopia.^[160][161]
• Sudan and Ethiopia agree to settle all disputes peacefully.^[162]

Ethiopia

• ENDF
• Amhara Region Government

Fano factions

• Amhara People's Army
• Wollo Fano
• Gojjam Fano
• Gondar Fano
• Shewa Fano

• Heavy clashes erupt between Fano and ENDF during August 2023
  • Drone attacks against civilian targets^[163]
  • Mass arrests and detention of Amhara civilians^[164]
  • State of emergency declared
  • Fano forces launch offensive in July 2024^[165]
  • ENDF launches major counter-offensive in October 2024^[166][167]