List of wars involving Somaliland

• Weaking of the Ethiopian Empire
• Adalite conquest of Eastern Ethiopia
• Ethiopians Abandon Bali

• Return to the status quo ante bellum^[1]
• Withdrawal of the few remaining Adal-Ottoman troops from the Ethiopian Highlands after the death of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi^[2]
• Reprisal conflict occurs between the armies of the Ethiopian Empire and the Adal Sultanate^[3][4]
• Weakening of the Abyssinians and Adalites, which opened the door for The Great Oromo Migrations

Ethiopian Empire

• Adal succeeds in regaining control of the southern part of the Ethiopian Empire^[5][6][7]

Ottoman Egypt Medri Bahri
Adal Sultanate

• Peace treaty
• Ethiopian victory in the highlands
• Ottoman victory in the coastline
• Decline and dissolution of the Adal Sultanate
• Establishment of Habesh Eyalet in Hergigo and Massawa
• The establishment of Ottoman Zeila

Isaaq Sultanate

• Establishment of the Isaaq Sultanate
• Isaaq expansion into southern Saaxil and parts of Maroodi Jeex

Isaaq Sultanate

• Habr Awal

Isaaq Sultanate

• the dangers and the costs put off new British expeditions in the region until the 1880s

Isaaq Sultanate

• Habr Yunis

• British Somaliland

• Captain Allan Gibb killed
• Protectorate Tax Policy abandoned
• Burao destroyed after Royal Air Force firebombing

 Italy

• Italian East Africa

• Annexed to Italian East Africa^[a]

United Kingdom

• British India
•  South Africa
•  Somaliland

 Italy

• Italian East Africa

• Re-establishment of British Somaliland

British Empire

• United Kingdom
•  India
•  South Africa
• Kenya
•  Sudan
• Nigeria
• Gold Coast
•  Somaliland
• Northern Rhodesia
• Southern Rhodesia
• Uganda
• Nyasaland
• Australia
•  New Zealand

• Congo

Free France

• Equatorial Africa

 Italy

•  Italian East Africa

• Dissolution of Italian East Africa (AOI)
• Eritrea, Somaliland and Ethiopia under British military administration

• Armistice
• Ethiopian incursions failed
• Status quo ante bellum
• Demilitarized zone created
• July 1964 OAU Cairo Declaration

• Somalia breaks all ties with the Soviet Bloc and the Second World (except China and Romania).^[16]
• Beginning of the Somali Rebellion

SNM
Supported by:
Ethiopia (1981-1986)^[17][18]

Somalia

• Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party

Supported by:
Djibouti^[19][20]
United States (1981-1988)^[21][22][23]
Saudi Arabia^[23]
Libya (1988-1991)^[23][24]
South Africa (1984-1991)^[24]

• End of the Isaaq Genocide.
• End of WSLF oppression
• Grand Conference of the Northern Clans held in Burao ends major combat operations
• Collapse of the Somali Democratic Republic
• Creation of the Republic of Somaliland on 18 May 1991.
• Beginning of the 1991 Zeila incursion

Somaliland

Somalia

• SSC-Khatumo

Puntland

• Khatumo forces partially seize the Sool and region from Somaliland and reintegrate it into the Federal Government of Somalia
• Las Anod conflict between Somaliland and SSC-Khatumo begins in 2023

Alleged support:
Ethiopia^[27]
United Arab Emirates^[28]

United States^[29][32][33]

• U.S. Army
• U.S. Marine Corps
• U.S. Air Force
• U.S. Navy
• CIA
• AFRICOM

Turkey ^[34][35]

• Turkish Land Forces

AUSSOM (2025–present)^[29]

• Burundi (under discussion)
• Djibouti
• Egypt (under discussion)
• Ethiopia
• Kenya
• Uganda

ATMIS (2022–2024)^[29]

• Burundi
• Djibouti
• Ethiopia
• Kenya
• Uganda

AMISOM (2007–2022)^[29]

• Burundi
• Djibouti
• Ethiopia
• Ghana
• Kenya
• Nigeria
• Sierra Leone
• Uganda

Supported by:
France^[36]
Italy^[37]
Russia^[38][39]
UAE^[40]
United Kingdom^[41]

UNSOM (2013–2024)

• Brazil
• Finland
• Germany
• Ghana
• India
• Indonesia
•   Nepal
• Sierra Leone
• Sweden
• Thailand
• Turkey
• Uganda
• United Kingdom
• Zimbabwe

Puntland

• Puntland Security Force
• Puntland Dervish Force
• Puntland Maritime Police Force

Jubaland

• Jubaland Dervish Force
• Raskamboni Movement

Hizbul Islam (until 2010; 2012–2013)

Alleged non-state allies:
Houthis^[47][48]
Somali pirates^[49]

Allies
IS-YP^[52]
Somali pirates^[49]

• Merger and split between/of Hizbul Islam and al-Shabaab forces
• Kenyan military intervention in October 2011
• Al-Shabaab becomes an official al-Qaeda affiliate in February 2012
• Federal Government formed in August 2012
• Formation of the Islamic State in Somalia in October 2015
• Somali government launches a major offensive in August 2022, and takes at least a third of al-Shabaab territory
• Las Anod conflict between Somaliland and SSC-Khatumo begins in 2023^[53]
• Ongoing constitutional crisis in Somalia since 2023, Puntland withdrew its recognition of the Federal Government and declared itself a de facto independent state. Jubaland crisis ongoing since 11 December 2024

Somaliland

Somalia^[54]

• SSC-Khatumo

• Recognition of Khatumo State by Federal Government of Somalia
• Spillover into Togdheer and Sanaag regions
• SSC-Khatumo troops capture 3 military bases and towns in the Las Anod District and Sool region.^[55]
• SSC forces push Somaliland army 100 km west from Las Anod^[56]