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Da (Mongolic)

Letter used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Da is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language

Quick facts The Mongolian script, Mongolian vowels ...
Da
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ
a
ᠡ
e
ᠢ
i
ᠣ
o
ᠤ
u
ᠥ
ö
ᠦ
ü
ᠧ
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ
n
ᠩ
ng
ᠪ
b
ᠫ
(p)
ᠬ
q/k
ᠭ
ɣ/g
ᠮ
m
ᠯ
l
ᠰ
s
ᠱ
š
ᠲ
t
ᠳ
d
ᠴ
č
ᠵ
ǰ
ᠶ
y
ᠷ
r
ᠸ
(w)
Mongolian script multigraphs
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More information d, Transliteration ...
Letter[2]: 13, 17, 23 [3]: 546 [4]: 212, 214 
d Transliteration[note 1]
ᠳ‍ Initial
‍ᠳ᠋‍⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ Medial (syllable-initial)
‍ᠳ‍⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ Medial (syllable-final)
‍ᠳ Final
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More information C-V syllables: 31, , de ...
C-V syllables[6]: 31 
da, de di do, du dö, dü Transliteration
ᠳᠠ
[note 2]
ᠳᠢ ᠳᠣ᠋ ᠳᠥ᠋ Alone
ᠳ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠥ᠋
ᠳᠠ‍ ᠳᠢ‍ ᠳᠣ‍ ᠳᠥ‍ Initial
‍ᠳᠠ‍ ‍ᠳᠢ‍ ‍ᠳᠣ‍ Medial
‍ᠳᠠ ‍ᠳᠢ ‍ᠳᠣ Final
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More information Separated suffixes, ‑d(...) ...
Separated suffixes[note 3]
‑d(...) ‑da, ‑de ‑du, ‑dü Transliteration
—  ᠳᠤ⟨?⟩ Whole
 ᠳᠠ‍⟨?⟩  ᠳᠤ‍⟨?⟩ Initial
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  • Transcribes Chakhar /d/;[10][11] Khalkha /t/, and /tʰ/.[12]: 40–42  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter д.[6][5]
  • Syllable-initially indistinguishable from t.[2]: 23 [13]: 9 [10] When it must be distinguished from t medially, it can be written twice, and with both medial forms (as in ᠬᠤᠳᠳᠤᠭ qudduɣ 'well', compared with ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭ qutuɣ 'holy').[13]: 59 [14] Alternatively, a dot is sometimes used to the right of the letter in 19th and 20th century manuscripts.[2]: 26 
  • The belly-tooth-shaped form is used before consonants (syllable-final), the other before vowels.[13]: 58 [15]: 5 
  • Derived from Old Uyghur taw (𐾀; initial, belly-tooth-shaped medial, and final) and lamedh (𐽸; other medial form).[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [16]: 111, 113 [17]: 35 
  • Positional variants of lamedh ⟨ᠳ᠋‍/‍ᠲ‍/‍ᠳ᠋⟩ can be used to clarify the spelling of d in words of foreign origin, as in ᠳ᠋ᠣᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ dokhtor 'doctor' (доктор doktor), ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ded 'the following, the succeeding' (дэд ded), and ᠡᠳ᠋ ed 'goods, property' (distinguishing it from ᠣᠨ on 'year', and retained in derivatives such as ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠯ⟨?⟩ edlel 'possession' (эдлэл edlel); эд ed).[2]: 23, 32, 55 [6]: 31 [17]: 39, 41 [18]
  • Produced with D using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[19]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, d comes after t and before č.

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

  1. Scholarly transliteration.[5]
  2. As in the second person singular/plural pronoun ᠲᠠ ta 'you',[8]: 760 [2]: 85–86  or the intensifying ⟨ᠳᠠ⟩ da/de (Khalkha: даа/дээ daa/dee) particle used after the predicate.[8]: 211 
  3. Separated suffixes starting with the letter d include:  ᠳᠠᠬᠢ⟨?⟩ ‑daki/‑deki (dative-locative or ordinal),  ᠳᠠᠭ⟨?⟩/ ᠳᠡᠭ⟨?⟩ ‑daɣ/‑deg (regular action),  ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ⟨?⟩/ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ⟨?⟩ ‑daɣan/‑degen (reflexive+dative-locative),  ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ⟨?⟩/ ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ⟨?⟩ ‑duɣar/‑düger (ordinal), and  ᠳᠤ⟨?⟩ ‑du/‑dü or  ᠳᠤᠷ⟨?⟩ ‑dur/‑dür (dative-locative).[9]

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