Wikiwand AI

E (Mongolic)

Letter used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

E is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language

Quick facts The Mongolian script, Mongolian vowels ...
E
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ
a
ᠡ
e
ᠢ
i
ᠣ
o
ᠤ
u
ᠥ
ö
ᠦ
ü
ᠧ
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ
n
ᠩ
ng
ᠪ
b
ᠫ
(p)
ᠬ
q/k
ᠭ
ɣ/g
ᠮ
m
ᠯ
l
ᠰ
s
ᠱ
š
ᠲ
t
ᠳ
d
ᠴ
č
ᠵ
ǰ
ᠶ
y
ᠷ
r
ᠸ
(w)
Mongolian script multigraphs
Close
More information Letter: 17, 18–19 : 546, Transliteration ...
Letter[2]: 17, 18–19 [3]: 546 
‑e e Transliteration[note 1]
— ᠡ
[note 2]
Alone

[note 3]
ᠡ‍ Initial
‍ᠡ‍ Medial
‍ᠡ Connected final
᠎ᠡ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ — Separated final
Close
More information be, pe ...
Ligatures[2]: 22–23, 24–25 [3]: 546 
be pe ke, ge Transliteration
ᠪᠡ
[note 4]
ᠫᠡ ᠬᠡ
[note 5]
Alone
ᠪᠡ‍ ᠫᠡ‍ ᠬᠡ‍ Initial
‍ᠪᠡ‍ ‍ᠫᠡ‍ ‍ᠬᠡ‍ Medial
‍ᠪᠡ ‍ᠫᠡ ‍ᠬᠡ Final
Close
More information Separated suffixes, Transliteration ...
Separated suffixes[note 6]
‑e Transliteration
 ᠡ‍ Initial
 ᠡ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ Whole
Close
  • Transcribes Chakhar /ə/;[8][9] Khalkha /i/, /e/, /ə/, and /∅/.[10]: 40–42  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter э.[11][4]
  • Medial and final forms may be distinguished from those of other tooth-shaped letters through: vowel harmony (a) and its effect on the shape of a word's consonants (q/k and ɣ/g), or position in syllable sequence (n, ng, d).[12]
  • The final tail extends to the left after bow-shaped consonants (such as b, p, k, and g), and to the right in all other cases.
  • ᠡ᠋‍ = an Old Mongolian initial form, as in ᠡ᠋ᠨᠡ ene 'this' (otherwise written ᠡᠨᠡ).[6]: 316 [10]: 130 
  • Derived from Old Uyghur aleph (𐽰).[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [13]: 111, 113 [14]: 35 
  • Produced with E using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[15]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, e comes after a and before i.

Ee

More information Letter: 38–39, ē (é) ...
Letter[14]: 38–39 
ē (é) Transliteration[note 7]
ᠧ Alone
ᠧ‍ Initial
‍ᠧ‍ Medial
‍ᠧ Final
Close
More information Example ligatures, fē ...
Example ligatures
fē gē kē Transliteration
ᠹᠧ ᠺᠧ ᠻᠧ Alone
ᠹᠧ‍ ᠺᠧ‍ ᠻᠧ‍ Initial
‍ᠹᠧ‍ ‍ᠺᠧ‍ ‍ᠻᠧ‍ Medial
‍ᠹᠧ ‍ᠺᠧ ‍ᠻᠧ Final
Close
  • Stands in for e in loanwords,[14]: 38 [9] such as in ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ēüropa (Khalkha: Европ Yevrop).[11]: 48 [16] Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter е.[11][4]
  • Indistinguishable from w, except when inferred by its placement: typically between consonants.[14]: 38 
  • Ultimately derived from Old Uyghur bet (𐽱).[14]: 38 [3]: 539–540, 545–546 [13]: 111, 113 
  • Produced with ⇧ Shift+E using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[15]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, ē comes after ü and before n.

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

  1. Scholarly transliteration.[4]
  2. As in the exclamation ⟨ᠠ᠋; ⟩ a/e (Khalkha: аа/ээ/оо/өө aa/ee/oo/öö), or interjection ᠡ e (Khalkha: ээ ee) 'oh!'.[6]: 1, 284 
  3. As in the exclamation ⟨ᠠ᠋; ⟩ a/e (Khalkha: аа/ээ/оо/өө aa/ee/oo/öö).[6]: 1 
  4. As in ᠪᠠ ba (Khalkha: ба ba) 'and'.[6]: 64 [2]: 22 
  5. As in ᠬᠡ/ᠬᠡᠭᠡ/ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠨ ke/kege/kegen (Khalkha: хээ khee) 'pattern, piping, design, stamp'.[6]: 438, 442 
  6. Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter e include:  ᠡ⟨?⟩ ‑e (vocative or dative-locative),  ᠡᠴᠡ ‑eče (ablative), and  ᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‑ečegen (reflexive+ablative).[7]
  7. Scholarly transliteration, with alternative in parentheses.[4]

References

Related Articles

Timelines

Top Qs

Fact Checks