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Ga (Mongolic)

Letter used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ga is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language

Quick facts The Mongolian script, Mongolian vowels ...
Ga
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ
a
ᠡ
e
ᠢ
i
ᠣ
o
ᠤ
u
ᠥ
ö
ᠦ
ü
ᠧ
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ
n
ᠩ
ng
ᠪ
b
ᠫ
(p)
ᠬ
q/k
ᠭ
ɣ/g
ᠮ
m
ᠯ
l
ᠰ
s
ᠱ
š
ᠲ
t
ᠳ
d
ᠴ
č
ᠵ
ǰ
ᠶ
y
ᠷ
r
ᠸ
(w)
Mongolian script multigraphs
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More information ɣ, g ...
Letter[2]: 14–15, 17, 21–22, 24–25 [3]: 546 [4]: 212–213 
ɣ g Transliteration[note 1]
ᠭ Initial
‍ᠭ᠋‍⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ ‍ᠭ᠍‍⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ Medial (syllable-initial)
‍ᠭ‍⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ Medial (syllable-final)
‍ᠭ
[note 2]
‍ᠭ᠋⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩
[note 2]
Final
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More information C-V syllables: 15 : 21, ɣ‑a ...
C-V syllables[2]: 15 [10]: 21 
ɣ‑a ɣa ge gi ɣo, ɣu gö, gü Transliteration
— ᠭᠠ ᠭᠡ
[note 3]
ᠭᠢ
[note 4]
ᠭᠣ᠋ ᠭᠥ⟨?⟩ ⟨w/o tail⟩
[note 5]
Alone
ᠭᠥ᠋⟨?⟩ ⟨w/ tail⟩
— ᠭᠠ‍ ᠭᠡ‍ ᠭᠢ‍ ᠭᠣ‍ ᠭᠥ‍ Initial
— ‍ᠭᠠ‍ ‍ᠭᠡ‍ ‍ᠭᠢ‍ ‍ᠭᠣ‍ ‍ᠭᠥ‍ Medial
‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ — ‍ᠭᠡ ‍ᠭᠢ⟨?⟩ ⟨‍ᠬᠢ⟩ ‍ᠭᠣ ‍ᠭᠥ Final
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ɣ/g

  • Produced with G using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[12]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, ɣ/g comes after q/k and before m.
  • May turn silent between vowels, and merge these into a long vowel or diphthong.[2]: 36–37  For more details on this, see Mongolian script multigraphs.

ɣ

  • Transcribes Chakhar /ɣ/;[13] Khalkha /ɢ/, and /∅/.[14]: 40–42  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter г.[10][5]
  • Dotted before a vowel (attached or separated); undotted before a consonant (syllable-final) or a whitespace.[2]: 21 [3]: 546 [15]: 5 [13]
  • Derived from Old Uyghur merged gimel and heth (𐽲).[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [16]: 111, 113–115 [8]: 35 

g

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

  1. Scholarly transliteration, with alternative in parentheses.[5]
  2. For the two harmonic variants of the particle ᠰᠢᠭ᠋⟨?⟩/ᠰᠢᠭ⟨?⟩ siɣ/sig (Khalkha: шиг shig) 'similar to, similarly, like' etc., the choice between final ɣ or g is dependent on whether it occurs after a masculine or a feminine word, respectively.[7]: 699 [8]: 44 [9]: 201 
  3. As in ᠬᠡ/ᠬᠡᠭᠡ/ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠨ ke/kege/kegen (Khalkha: хээ khee) 'pattern, piping, design, stamp'.[7]: 438, 442 
  4. See the separated  ᠬᠢ ‑ki suffix.[7]
  5. As in the strengthening (emphatic) ᠭᠦ⟨?⟩ kü (Khalkha: хүү khüü) particle,[7]: 494 [11]: 46  or ᠬᠥ⟨?⟩/ᠬᠥᠭᠡ kö/köge (Khalkha: хөө khöö) 'soot; obstacle, hindrance; trouble', or 'ring of mail'.[7]: 475, 478 

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