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Armenia Portal
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Բարի գալուստ Հայաստանի պորտալ!
Location of Armenia

Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south. Yerevan is the capital, largest city and financial center.

The Armenian highlands have been home to the Hayasa-Azzi, Shupria, and Nairi peoples. By at least 600 BC, an archaic form of Proto-Armenian, an Indo-European language, had diffused into the Armenian highlands. The first Armenian state of Urartu was established in 860 BC, and by the 6th century BC it was replaced by the Satrapy of Armenia. The Kingdom of Armenia reached its height under Tigranes the Great in the 1st century BC and in AD 301 became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion. Armenia still recognises the Armenian Apostolic Church, the world's oldest national church, as the country's primary religious establishment. The ancient Armenian kingdom was split between the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires around the early 5th century. Under the Bagratuni dynasty, the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia was restored in the 9th century before falling in 1045. Cilician Armenia, an Armenian principality and later a kingdom, was located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea between the 11th and 14th centuries.

Between the 16th and 19th centuries, the traditional Armenian homeland composed of Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman and Persian empires, repeatedly ruled by either of the two over the centuries. By the 19th century, Eastern Armenia had been conquered by the Russian Empire while most of Western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule. During World War I up to 1.5 million Armenians were systematically exterminated in the Armenian genocide. Following the Russian Revolution, the First Republic of Armenia declared independence in 1918. By 1920, the state was incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. The Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. (Full article...)

Selected article

The Armenian alphabet (Armenian: Հայոց գրեր, romanized: Hayocʼ grer or Հայոց այբուբեն, Hayocʼ aybuben) or, more broadly, the Armenian script, is an alphabetic writing system developed for Armenian and occasionally used to write other languages. It was developed around 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots, an Armenian linguist and ecclesiastical leader. The script originally had 36 letters. Eventually, two more were adopted in the 13th century. In the reformed Armenian orthography (1920s), the ligature և, ev, is also treated as a letter, bringing the total number of letters to 39.

The Armenian word for 'alphabet' is այբուբեն, aybuben, named after the first two letters of the Armenian alphabet: ⟨Ա⟩ այբ, ayb, and ⟨Բ⟩ բեն, ben. Armenian is written horizontally, left to right. (Full article...)

Selected biography

Petrosian in 1962

Tigran Vardani Petrosian (Armenian: Տիգրան Վարդանի Պետրոսյան; Russian: Тигран Вартанович Петросян; 17 June 1929 – 13 August 1984) was a Soviet-Armenian chess grandmaster. The ninth World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969, he was nicknamed "Iron Tigran" due to his almost-impenetrable defensive playing style, which emphasized safety above all else. Petrosian is often credited with popularizing chess in Armenia.

Petrosian was a candidate for the World Chess Championship on eight occasions (1953, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1971, 1974, 1977 and 1980). He won the World Championship in 1963 (against Mikhail Botvinnik), successfully defended it in 1966 (against Boris Spassky), and lost it to Spassky in 1969. Thus he was the defending World Champion or a World Championship Candidate in ten consecutive three-year cycles. He won the Soviet Championship four times (1959, 1961, 1969, and 1975). (Full article...)

General images

The following are images from various Armenia-related articles on Wikipedia.
  • Image 1The first rock-cut church, Zakarid period, circa 1240. (from Geghard)
    The first rock-cut church, Zakarid period, circa 1240. (from Geghard)
  • Image 2Ceiling and Muqarna vault of the gavit. (from Geghard)
    Ceiling and Muqarna vault of the gavit. (from Geghard)
  • Image 3Aerial view (from Noravank)
    Aerial view (from Noravank)
  • Image 4Surb Astvatsatsin Church of Noravank (from Noravank)
    Surb Astvatsatsin Church of Noravank (from Noravank)
  • Image 5Broken khachkar to the left of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    Broken khachkar to the left of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 6Tatev Monastery pillar (from Tatev Monastery)
    Tatev Monastery pillar (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 7Muqarna Vault of the First church in the rock, 13th century. (from Geghard)
    Muqarna Vault of the First church in the rock, 13th century. (from Geghard)
  • Image 8Ornament on the ceiling of the Saint Grigor chapel made with the Vordan Karmir (Cochineal Red) pigment (from Noravank)
    Ornament on the ceiling of the Saint Grigor chapel made with the Vordan Karmir (Cochineal Red) pigment (from Noravank)
  • Image 9Emblem of the Proshyan family. (from Geghard)
    Emblem of the Proshyan family. (from Geghard)
  • Image 10View of the monastery and surroundings, 2025 (from Tatev Monastery)
    View of the monastery and surroundings, 2025 (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 11Cupola on arches. Proshyan chapel (1283). (from Geghard)
    Cupola on arches. Proshyan chapel (1283). (from Geghard)
  • Image 12Photo by Alexander Roinashvili c. 1880. (from Tatev Monastery)
    Photo by Alexander Roinashvili c. 1880. (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 1317th-century service buildings (foreground) (from Geghard)
    17th-century service buildings (foreground) (from Geghard)
  • Image 14Tatev Monastery (from Tatev Monastery)
    Tatev Monastery (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 15The Church of Saints Paul and Peter at sunset (from Tatev Monastery)
    The Church of Saints Paul and Peter at sunset (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 16Tatev Monastery (from Tatev Monastery)
    Tatev Monastery (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 17Holy Mother of God Church (from Tatev Monastery)
    Holy Mother of God Church (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 18Column, tomb of Papak Proshyan, 1288. (from Geghard)
    Column, tomb of Papak Proshyan, 1288. (from Geghard)
  • Image 19An illustration of the monastery from 1881. (from Tatev Monastery)
    An illustration of the monastery from 1881. (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Window tympanum of the Gavit
    Window tympanum of the Gavit. Interpretation is unclear: God the Father with the head of John the Baptist, Jesus or Adam in his hand, and Jesus on the Cross (from Noravank)
  • Image 21Plan of Noravank (from Noravank)
    Plan of Noravank (from Noravank)
  • Image 22The Upper Zhamatun (1288), tomb of Papak Proshyan and his wife Ruzukana (from Geghard)
    The Upper Zhamatun (1288), tomb of Papak Proshyan and his wife Ruzukana (from Geghard)
  • Image 23Mausoleum of Prince Prosh Khaghbakian (1283). The tombs are behind the twin arches. The entrance to the Proshyan chapel is to the right. (from Geghard)
    Mausoleum of Prince Prosh Khaghbakian (1283). The tombs are behind the twin arches. The entrance to the Proshyan chapel is to the right. (from Geghard)
  • Image 24Eastern façade of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    Eastern façade of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 25Khachkars inset in rock outcropping (from Geghard)
    Khachkars inset in rock outcropping (from Geghard)
  • Image 26St. Gregory the Illuminator's Church (from Tatev Monastery)
    St. Gregory the Illuminator's Church (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 27Surb Karapet (St. John the Baptist) Church (from Noravank)
    Surb Karapet (St. John the Baptist) Church (from Noravank)
  • Image 28Noravank (from Noravank)
    Noravank (from Noravank)
  • Image 29View of the interior of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    View of the interior of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 30Carved tombstones of Smbat and Elikum III Orbelian, inside the chapel of Surb Grigor (from Noravank)
    Carved tombstones of Smbat and Elikum III Orbelian, inside the chapel of Surb Grigor (from Noravank)
  • Image 31The back of the Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    The back of the Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 32Grave of Elikum III Orbelian, son of Prince Tarsaich Orbelian (from Noravank)
    Grave of Elikum III Orbelian, son of Prince Tarsaich Orbelian (from Noravank)
  • Image 33Geghard in the snow (from Geghard)
    Geghard in the snow (from Geghard)
  • Image 34Bas-relief (from Noravank)
    Bas-relief (from Noravank)
  • Image 35Approach to the monastery (from Noravank)
    Approach to the monastery (from Noravank)
  • Image 36Column from the gavit (from Geghard)
    Column from the gavit (from Geghard)
  • Image 37Boundary agreement between the villages Khut, Shinhar and Halizur (Halidzor) owned by the Tatev Monastery. Persian manuscript, dated 13 November 1400 (from Tatev Monastery)
    Boundary agreement between the villages Khut, Shinhar and Halizur (Halidzor) owned by the Tatev Monastery. Persian manuscript, dated 13 November 1400 (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 38The southern entrance of Surb Karapet church (from Noravank)
    The southern entrance of Surb Karapet church (from Noravank)
  • Image 39Engraved crosses on the cave church wall in the Geghard Monastery. (from Geghard)
    Engraved crosses on the cave church wall in the Geghard Monastery. (from Geghard)
  • Image 40Rock-cut chamber: tomb of Prosh Khaghbakian (1283). (from Geghard)
    Rock-cut chamber: tomb of Prosh Khaghbakian (1283). (from Geghard)
  • Image 41A detail of the Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    A detail of the Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 42The museum (from Noravank)
    The museum (from Noravank)
  • Image 43Cross decoration on the walls of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    Cross decoration on the walls of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 44The entrance of Astvatsatsin church (western façade) (from Noravank)
    The entrance of Astvatsatsin church (western façade) (from Noravank)
  • Image 45The hole (from Noravank)
    The hole (from Noravank)
  • Image 46Arched entrance to the caves adjacent to the monastery. (from Geghard)
    Arched entrance to the caves adjacent to the monastery. (from Geghard)
  • Image 47The monastery in the early 20th century (from Noravank)
    The monastery in the early 20th century (from Noravank)
  • Image 48Façade of Surb Astvatsatsin Church (from Noravank)
    Façade of Surb Astvatsatsin Church (from Noravank)
  • Image 49Swinging Column in Tatev (from Tatev Monastery)
    Swinging Column in Tatev (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 50Geghard gavit (from Geghard)
    Geghard gavit (from Geghard)

Selected picture

  • Image 1Armenian National Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet
    Armenian National Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet
  • Image 2Noravank Monastery
    Noravank Monastery

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