Portal:1970s

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The 1970s (pronounced "nineteen-seventies"; commonly shortened to the "Seventies" or the "'70s") was a decade that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979.

In the 21st century, historians have increasingly portrayed the 1970s as a "pivot of change" in world history, focusing especially on the economic upheavals^[1] that followed the end of the postwar economic boom.^[2] On a global scale, it was characterized by frequent coups, domestic conflicts and civil wars, and various political upheavals and armed conflicts which arose from or were related to decolonization, and the global struggle between NATO, the Warsaw Pact, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Many regions had periods of high-intensity conflict, notably Southeast Asia, the Mideast, and Africa.

In the Western world, social progressive values that began in the 1960s, such as increasing political awareness and economic liberty of women, continued to grow. In the United Kingdom, the 1979 election resulted in the victory of its Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher, the first female British Prime Minister. Industrialized countries experienced an economic recession due to an oil crisis caused by oil embargoes by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries. The crisis saw the first instance of stagflation which began a political and economic trend of the replacement of Keynesian economic theory with neoliberal economic theory, with the first neoliberal government coming to power with the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. The 1970s was also an era of great technological and scientific advances; since the appearance of the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004 in 1971, the decade was characterised by a profound transformation of computing units – by then rudimentary, spacious machines – into the realm of portability and home accessibility.

On the other hand, there were also great advances in fields such as physics, which saw the consolidation of quantum field theory at the end of the decade, mainly thanks to the confirmation of the existence of quarks and the detection of the first gauge bosons in addition to the photon, the Z boson and the gluon, part of what was christened in 1975 as the Standard Model.

In Asia, the People's Republic of China's international relations changed significantly following its recognition by the United Nations, the death of Mao Zedong and the beginning of market liberalization by Mao's successors. Despite facing an oil crisis due to the OPEC embargo, the economy of Japan witnessed a large boom in this period, overtaking the economy of West Germany to become the second-largest in the world.^[3] The United States withdrew its military forces from the Vietnam War. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, which led to the Soviet–Afghan War.

The 1970s saw an initial increase in violence in the Middle East as Egypt and Syria declared war on Israel, but in the late 1970s, the situation in the Middle East was fundamentally altered when Egypt signed the Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty. Political tensions in Iran exploded with the Iranian Revolution in 1979, which overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty and established an Islamic republic under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini.

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The Atari 2600 is a home video game console developed and produced by Atari, Inc. Released c. September 1977 as the Atari Video Computer System (Atari VCS), it popularized microprocessor-based hardware and games stored on swappable ROM cartridges, a format first used with the Fairchild Channel F in 1976. The VCS was bundled with two joystick controllers, a conjoined pair of paddle controllers, and a game cartridge—initially Combat and later Pac-Man. Sears sold the system as the Tele-Games Video Arcade. Atari rebranded the VCS as the Atari 2600 in November 1982, alongside the release of the Atari 5200.

During the mid-1970s, Atari had been successful at creating arcade video games, but their development cost and limited lifespan drove CEO Nolan Bushnell to seek a programmable home system. The first inexpensive microprocessors from MOS Technology in late 1975 made this feasible. The console was prototyped under the codename Stella by Atari subsidiary Cyan Engineering. Lacking funding to complete the project, Bushnell sold Atari to Warner Communications in 1976. (Full article...)

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... that ketchup chips were introduced in the 1970s along with other flavours such as grape and orange?
... that the construction of Tennessee State Route 155 in Nashville facilitated the development of an entertainment district anchored by the relocated Grand Ole Opry in the 1970s?
... that the Yerevan Children's Art Museum deliberately kept no records from the 1970s to the 1990s?
... that Mandate was one of the few nationwide publications in the US to feature full-frontal male nudity in the 1970s?
... that a forest in northern Wisconsin was subject to nuclear-radiation testing in the 1970s?
... that Diego García Miravete and his college football team's games were closely monitored by the Mexican government in the early 1970s?

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Marley in 1976

Robert Nesta Marley OM (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican reggae singer, songwriter, and guitarist. Considered one of the pioneers of the genre, he was renowned for his distinctive vocal and songwriting style. Marley increased the visibility of Jamaican music worldwide and became a global figure in popular culture. He became known as a Rastafarian icon, and he infused his music with a sense of spirituality. Marley is also considered a global symbol of Jamaican music, culture and identity and was controversial in his outspoken support for democratic social reforms. Marley also supported the legalisation of cannabis and advocated for pan-Africanism.

Born in Nine Mile, Jamaica, Marley began his career in 1963, after forming the group Teenagers with Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer, which became the Wailers. In 1965, they released their debut studio album, The Wailing Wailers, which included the single "One Love", a reworking of "People Get Ready". It was popular worldwide and established the group as a rising figure in reggae. The Wailers released 11 more studio albums, and after signing to Island Records, changed their name to Bob Marley and the Wailers. While initially employing louder instrumentation and singing, they began engaging in rhythmic-based song construction in the late 1960s and early 1970s, which coincided with Marley's conversion to Rastafari. Around this time, Marley relocated to London, and the group embodied their musical shift with the release of the album The Best of The Wailers (1971). (Full article...)

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The following are images from various 1970s-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Pong (1972) (from 1970s)
Image 2Two punks from the late 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 3Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian president Anwar Sadat shake hands, Camp David, 1978 (from 1970s)
Image 4An artist impression of an American Apollo spacecraft and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft docking, a propaganda portrait for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission (from 1970s)
Image 5Singer Billy Preston in 1974 wearing an Afro hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 6British rock band Killing Floor, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 7 Fairchild Channel F (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 8Jorge Luis Borges with admirers in 1976. (from 1970s)
Image 9Margaret Thatcher shortly before becoming the United Kingdom's first woman Prime Minister in 1979. Thatcher's political and economic agenda began the first government committed to neoliberalism. (from 1970s)
Image 10Nixon and Zhou toast, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 11Pink Floyd performing The Dark Side of the Moon in 1973, the highest-selling album of the decade and one of the highest-selling of all time. (from 1970s)
Image 12Atari 2600 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 13Swedish model Efva Attling in a "midi" dress, Kings Road, London, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 14The 1970 Bhola cyclone, considered the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster, kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan during November 1970. (from 1970s)
Image 15Susana Giménez wearing hotpants, 1977 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 16Punk pioneer Lene Lovich in 1979, with her trademark long plaited hair. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 17Isabel Perón becomes the first woman President of Argentina in 1974 and the first woman non-monarch head of state in the Western hemisphere. (from 1970s)
Image 18Microvision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 19Viking 1, the first of two spacecraft sent to Mars, takes this picture of the landing site in Chryse Planitia (1978) (from 1970s)
Image 20The CN Tower was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure. (from 1970s)
Image 21British singer Rod Stewart, 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 22Woman in miniskirt, 1970 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 23Two women in 1979 wear the trendy tube tops, while the woman on the far left is wearing a rayon strapless dress (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 24Debby Boone song "You Light Up My Life" had the most weeks at number one in the US Billboard chart (from 1970s in music)
Image 25Public at the farewell concert of Sui Generis (1975) (from 1970s)
Image 26English girl in the mid-1970s wearing a wide-sleeved shirt, belted at the waist. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 27American casual attire, 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 28Salah Zulfikar and Zubaida Tharwat in The Other Man (1973) (from 1970s)
Image 29African American couple, Michigan Avenue, Chicago, July 1975 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 30Apollo 17 Astronaut Gene Cernan becomes the last man on the Moon, December 13, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 31Concorde landing at Farnborough in September 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 32Siouxsie Sioux of the English punk group Siouxsie and the Banshees. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 33Pong arcade machine (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 34Clockwise from top-left:
- U.S. President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office following the Watergate scandal in 1974;
- The United States was still involved in the Vietnam War in the early decade. The New York Times leaked information regarding the nation's involvement in the war. Political pressure led to America's withdrawal from the war in 1973, and the Fall of Saigon in 1975 leading to evacuations of South Vietnamese that same year;
- The 1973 oil crisis causes a financial crisis throughout the developed world;
- Both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978;
- In 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces commits the 1971 Bangladesh genocide to curb independence movements in East Pakistan, killing 300,000 to 3,000,000 people; this consequently leads to the Bangladesh Liberation War;
- The 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan in November 1970, and became the deadliest natural disaster in 40 years;
- The Iranian Revolution of 1979 ousts Mohammad Reza Pahlavi who is later replaced by an Islamic theocracy led by Ayatollah Khomeini;
- The popularity of the disco music genre and subculture peaks during the mid-to-late 1970s.
(from 1970s)
Image 35Aldo Moro (from 1970s)
Image 36Henry Mancini (from 1970s in music)
Image 37John Denver, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 38Diane von Fürstenberg's wrap dress, designed in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 39Swedish model Ulla Jones dressed in a lurex halter top and matching flared trousers (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 40Nixon displays the V-for-victory sign as he departs the White House after resigning (from 1970s)
Image 41America's first space station Skylab in orbit February 8, 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 42Actress Camille Keaton in 1972. Throughout most of the decade, women preferred light, natural-looking make-up for the daytime. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 43Bruce Lee fostered the popularity of martial arts cinema (from 1970s)
Image 44Footballer George Best wore long hair in 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 45Mao Zedong wearing gray Zhongshan suit, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 46AC/DC, August 1979 (from 1970s in music)
Image 47A young woman wearing a wrap dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 48Flared jeans and trousers were popular with both sexes as can be seen at this East German disco party in 1977. In the socialist part of Germany (until 1990), the government regarded western influences on cultural life of their population very critical, but factually tolerated them in many fields. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 49A couple at a prom in late 1970s: powder tuxedo and sleeved dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 50Line at a gas station in Maryland, June 15, 1979. (from 1970s)
Image 511979 Iranian Revolution (from 1970s)
Image 52Frisbee player Ken Westerfield wearing drawstring bell bottoms in the late 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 53Los Angeles high school students, 1973. The tousled, blond surfer hair was popular for young men in southern California. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 54Commodore PET (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 551974 Ford Mustang interior (from 1970s)
Image 56Pink Floyd, 1973 (from 1970s in music)
Image 57Color TV-Game (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 58Intellivision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 59Dave Schultz won Stanley Cup two times (from 1970s)
Image 60Mid-70s Western-inspired outifts worn by country music group Asleep at the Wheel. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 61VT100 (1978) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 62Girl in 1973 with a "flicked" hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 63Paul Anka in 1961 (from 1970s in music)
Image 64Jose Jose (from 1970s in music)
Image 65Honda Civic sold well throughout the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 66Example of glam rock costume worn by Roy Wood and Wizzard, early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 67Silk scarves were popular fashion accessories for women in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 68Mario Kempes scores the first goal in the 1978 World Cup Final for Argentina (from 1970s)
Image 69United States President Jimmy Carter and Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II treaty, June 18, 1979, in Vienna, Austria (from 1970s)
Image 70Singer Cher in 1971. In the 1970s, women's hair was usually worn long with a centre parting (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 71The early 1970s' fashions were a continuation of the hippie look from the late 1960s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 72Kansas (from 1970s in music)
Image 73Anti-war protest against the Vietnam War in Washington, D.C., on April 24, 1971. (from 1970s)
Image 74British rock band Led Zeppelin was one of the most popular and influential bands of the 1970s. The band's heavy, guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal. (from 1970s)
Image 751970 Dodge Challenger Trans Am, an example of a muscle car in the earlier part of the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 76By the early 1970s, miniskirts had reached an all-time popularity. This young English woman is wearing a fringed suede miniskirt, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 77Hank Williams (from 1970s in music)
Image 78Idi Amin (from 1970s)
Image 79Voyager 1 passing by Jupiter's Great Red Spot February 25, 1979 (from 1970s)
Image 80Elton John was one of the most commercially successful solo pop acts of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 81Bob Marley, 1980 (from 1970s in music)
Image 82The British band The Bee Gees were one of the biggest musical acts of the 1970s leading the disco phenomenon (from 1970s in music)
Image 83Fashion models in Leipzig, GDR, 1972. One of the women is modelling a "maxi" dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 84Charlie Rich (from 1970s in music)
Image 85Rigo Tovar (from 1970s in music)
Image 86Haile Selassie was overthrown from power in Ethiopia, ending one of the longest-lasting monarchies in world history. (from 1970s)
Image 87Willie Nelson became one of the most popular country music artists during the 1970s. (from 1970s in music)
Image 88Pakistan Army General A. A. K. Niazi signing surrender agreement before Sh. Jagjit Singh Aurora of Indian Army after getting defeated in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War against East Pakistan, which eventually liberated as Bangladesh later. (from 1970s)
Image 89The Vietnam War (1955–1975) (from 1970s)
Image 90The world map of military alliances in 1970s: Western allies (blue), Non-aligned countries (green) and Soviet allies (red) (from 1970s)
Image 91The first Military Junta after the 1976 Coup d'État in Argentina, integrated by Jorge Videla, Emilio Massera and Orlando Agosti (from 1970s)
Image 921976 flyer advertising the racing game Fonz (from 1970s in video games)
Image 93The Bee Gees, in 1968 (from 1970s in music)
Image 94David Bowie in the early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 95Home Pong console (museum recreation) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 96Redd Foxx and Demond Wilson from Sanford and Son (from 1970s)
Image 97Atari 2600 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 98Singer Barry Manilow wears his hair longish in the soft, layered style favoured by men in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 99Led Zeppelin, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 100Galaxian (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 101Apple II (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 102TRS-80 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 103British rock band Queen (pictured here in 1977) was considered to be one of the most influential bands of the '70s (as well as the '80s), along with American rock band Eagles and others (from 1970s)
Image 104Ramones's lead guitarist Johnny Ramone performing in Toronto, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 105The Eagles (from 1970s in music)
Image 1061973 Volvo P1800 sportwagon. (from 1970s)
Image 107Magnavox Odyssey (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 108Typical mid to late 1970s Ted gear, as worn by Shakin' Stevens. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 109Debbie Harry of Blondie in 1977. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 110Singer Rod Stewart performing in 1976. He was one of the major British soft rock artists of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 111King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (from 1970s)
Image 112Linda Ronstadt in 1976 (from 1970s in music)
Image 113Pedro Eugenio Aramburu (from 1970s)
Image 114Microvision (1979) is the first handheld game console that used interchangeable cartridges. (from 1970s)
Image 115Polistil VG2 Pong clone (1978), made in Italy (from 1970s in video games)
Image 116British girls in 1975 in flared jeans (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 117Alan Bennett in 1973, wearing a wide necktie (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 118Queen, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 119A West German schoolgirl with Schultüte in 1970, with a 'hippyish' outfit on. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 120Steve McQueen with sideburns, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 121Death Race (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 122The Swedish band ABBA was one of the most commercially successful European bands of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 123Park Chung Hee (from 1970s)
Image 124Actress Raquel Welch in 1979, wearing the shoulder pads and "retro"-look tilted hat favored by designers at the time (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 125Asteroids (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 126A Women's Liberation march in Washington, D.C., 1970 (from 1970s)
Image 127Three Los Angeles Chicanos in 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 128Loretta Lynn (from 1970s in music)
Image 129In 1971 hotpants, long sideburns and bell-bottomed trousers were popular fashion trends (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 130American First Lady Pat Nixon wears a shirt with the wide collar that was popular until the final years of the decade. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 131Egyptian military vehicles crossing the Suez Canal on October 7, 1973, during the Yom Kippur War. (from 1970s)
Image 132El Tri Band founder Alex Lora, on stage with the band in 2006 (from 1970s in music)

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