Solar eclipse of May 21, 2031
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| Annular eclipse | |
 Map | |
| Gamma | −0.197 |
|---|---|
| Magnitude | 0.9589 |
| Maximum eclipse | |
| Duration | 326 s (5 min 26 s) |
| Coordinates | 8°54′N 71°42′E / 8.9°N 71.7°E |
| Max. width of band | 152 km (94 mi) |
| Times (UTC) | |
| Greatest eclipse | 7:16:04 |
| References | |
| Saros | 138 (32 of 70) |
| Catalog # (SE5000) | 9577 |
An annular solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Wednesday, May 21, 2031,[1] with a magnitude of 0.9589. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 3.8 days before apogee (on May 25, 2031, at 3:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be smaller.[2]
Annularity will be visible from parts of Angola, Zambia, the southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Malawi, Tanzania, southern India, northern Sri Lanka, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, southern Thailand, Malaysia, and much of Indonesia. A partial eclipse will be visible for much of Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Australia.
Animated path
Eclipse timing
Places experiencing annular eclipse
| Country or territory | City or place | Start of partial eclipse | Start of annular eclipse | Maximum eclipse | End of annular eclipse | End of partial eclipse | Duration of annularity (min:s) | Duration of eclipse (hr:min) | Maximum coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Democratic Republic of the Congo | Lubumbashi | 06:20:25 (sunrise) | 07:21:59 | 07:23:56 | 07:25:53 | 08:46:19 | 3:54 | 2:26 | 90.03% |
 Zambia | Kasama | 06:14:31 | 07:24:26 | 07:26:27 | 07:28:29 | 08:52:48 | 4:03 | 2:38 | 90.24% |
 Tanzania | Mbeya | 07:14:56 | 08:26:35 | 08:28:36 | 08:30:36 | 09:57:40 | 4:01 | 2:43 | 90.39% |
| Tanzania | Dar es Salaam | 07:16:42 | 08:33:46 | 08:35:13 | 08:36:40 | 10:11:54 | 2:54 | 2:55 | 90.73% |
| Tanzania | Zanzibar City | 07:16:57 | 08:33:23 | 08:35:30 | 08:37:37 | 10:12:15 | 4:14 | 2:55 | 90.74% |
 India | Kochi | 10:57:36 | 13:01:00 | 13:03:23 | 13:05:46 | 15:02:30 | 4:46 | 4:05 | 92.05% |
| India | Alappuzha | 10:57:19 | 13:00:50 | 13:03:28 | 13:06:05 | 15:02:46 | 5:15 | 4:05 | 92.05% |
| India | Chalakudy | 10:58:16 | 13:03:02 | 13:03:53 | 13:04:45 | 15:02:38 | 1:43 | 4:04 | 92.05% |
| India | Kottayam | 10:58:02 | 13:01:34 | 13:04:14 | 13:06:55 | 15:03:14 | 5:21 | 4:05 | 92.04% |
| India | Thiruvalla | 10:57:59 | 13:01:54 | 13:04:20 | 13:06:48 | 15:03:24 | 4:54 | 4:05 | 92.04% |
| India | Pathanamthitta | 10:58:32 | 13:02:59 | 13:05:06 | 13:07:15 | 15:03:57 | 4:16 | 4:05 | 92.03% |
| India | Painavu | 10:59:40 | 13:03:21 | 13:05:58 | 13:08:36 | 15:04:15 | 5:15 | 4:05 | 92.04% |
| India | Gudalur | 11:00:29 | 13:04:24 | 13:07:05 | 13:09:46 | 15:05:03 | 5:22 | 4:05 | 92.03% |
| India | Theni | 11:01:36 | 13:05:39 | 13:08:08 | 13:10:36 | 15:05:33 | 4:57 | 4:04 | 92.02% |
| India | Madurai | 11:03:37 | 13:07:53 | 13:10:30 | 13:13:07 | 15:07:06 | 5:14 | 4:03 | 92.01% |
| India | Ilaiyangudi | 11:05:03 | 13:09:45 | 13:12:21 | 13:14:56 | 15:08:22 | 5:11 | 4:03 | 91.99% |
| India | Karaikudi | 11:06:00 | 13:10:34 | 13:13:02 | 13:15:31 | 15:08:37 | 4:57 | 4:03 | 91.99% |
| India | Vedaranyam | 11:10:02 | 13:15:28 | 13:17:07 | 13:18:48 | 15:10:56 | 3:20 | 4:01 | 91.96% |
 Sri Lanka | Jaffna | 11:09:55 | 13:14:58 | 13:17:33 | 13:20:08 | 15:11:30 | 5:10 | 4:02 | 91.95% |
 Malaysia | Kangar | 14:56:18 | 16:42:13 | 16:44:23 | 16:46:35 | 18:09:56 | 4:22 | 3:14 | 90.95% |
| Malaysia | Alor Setar | 14:56:54 | 16:42:31 | 16:44:49 | 16:47:06 | 18:10:09 | 4:35 | 3:13 | 90.94% |
| Malaysia | George Town | 14:56:54 | 16:44:03 | 16:44:59 | 16:45:57 | 18:10:22 | 1:54 | 3:13 | 90.93% |
| Malaysia | Kota Bharu | 15:03:09 | 16:46:23 | 16:47:59 | 16:49:37 | 18:11:15 | 3:14 | 3:08 | 90.83% |
| Malaysia | Kuala Terengganu | 15:06:04 | 16:47:25 | 16:49:39 | 16:51:53 | 18:11:59 | 4:28 | 3:06 | 90.77% |
| Malaysia | Sarikei | 15:29:12 | 16:58:41 | 17:00:46 | 17:02:50 | 18:15:15 | 4:09 | 2:46 | 90.25% |
| Malaysia | Sibu | 15:29:51 | 16:58:54 | 17:00:59 | 17:03:06 | 18:15:14 | 4:12 | 2:45 | 90.24% |
 Indonesia | Samarinda | 15:40:44 | 17:04:08 | 17:05:25 | 17:06:44 | 18:10:50 (sunset) | 2:36 | 2:30 | 89.90% |
| Indonesia | Palu | 15:45:07 | 17:04:52 | 17:06:53 | 17:08:53 | 17:59:21 (sunset) | 4:01 | 2:14 | 89.75% |
| Indonesia | Ambon | 16:55:01 | 18:07:17 | 18:09:11 | 18:11:04 | 18:21:58 (sunset) | 3:47 | 1:27 | 89.29% |
| References: [1] | |||||||||
Places experiencing partial eclipse
| Country or territory | City or place | Start of partial eclipse | Maximum eclipse | End of partial eclipse | Duration of eclipse (hr:min) | Maximum coverage | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Angola | Menongue | 06:04:10 (sunrise) | 06:20:46 | 07:34:37 | 1:30 | 89.03% | |||
| Angola | Huambo | 06:09:07 (sunrise) | 06:20:46 | 07:32:57 | 1:24 | 80.87% | |||
| Angola | Luena | 05:50:52 (sunrise) | 06:21:25 | 07:36:53 | 1:46 | 83.07% | |||
| Angola | Luanda | 06:13:10 (sunrise) | 06:21:28 | 07:30.16 | 1:17 | 64.42% | |||
 Namibia | Windhoek | 07:19:30 (sunrise) | 07:21:58 | 08:33:16 | 1:14 | 72.46% | |||
| Zambia | Lusaka | 06:23:01 (sunrise) | 07:23:45 | 08:45:44 | 2:23 | 81.36% | |||
 Zimbabwe | Harare | 06:15:45 (sunrise) | 07:25:11 | 08:47:54 | 2:32 | 69.41% | |||
 Malawi | Lilongwe | 06:14:35 | 07:27:20 | 08:54:43 | 2:40 | 77.91% | |||
 Burundi | Gitega | 06:18:24 | 07:28:51 | 08:53:10 | 2:35 | 70.40% | |||
 Rwanda | Kigali | 06:19:45 | 07:29:54 | 08:53:47 | 2:34 | 65.82% | |||
| Tanzania | Dodoma | 07:16:16 | 08:31:55 | 10:04:09 | 2:48 | 88.51% | |||
 Kenya | Nairobi | 07:19:59 | 08:36:19 | 10:09:38 | 2:50 | 74.72% | |||
 Comoros | Moroni | 07:18:00 | 08:37:46 | 10:16:03 | 2:58 | 70.16% | |||
 Somalia | Mogadishu | 07:25:47 | 08:50:58 | 10:37:14 | 3:11 | 78.87% | |||
 Seychelles | Victoria | 08:30:16 | 10:05:18 | 12:04:20 | 3:34 | 72.04% | |||
 Maldives | Malé | 10:13:55 | 12:18:22 | 14:23:15 | 4:09 | 77.42% | |||
| India | Mumbai | 11:03:33 | 12:55:57 | 14:47:03 | 3:44 | 60.09% | |||
| India | Bengaluru | 11:05:36 | 13:09:31 | 15:04:31 | 3:59 | 83.75% | |||
| Sri Lanka | Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte | 11:07:26 | 13:16:25 | 15:11:30 | 4:04 | 84.78% | |||
 Myanmar | Yangon | 13:16:00 | 15:01:23 | 16:27:47 | 3:12 | 61.64% | |||
 Thailand | Bangkok | 13:58:37 | 15:41:17 | 17:04:24 | 3:06 | 68.19% | |||
| Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur | 15:02:07 | 16:48:00 | 18:11:41 | 3:10 | 85.80% | |||
 Cambodia | Phnom Penh | 14:11:43 | 15:49:19 | 17:08:25 | 2:57 | 70.76% | |||
 Singapore | Singapore | 15:09:36 | 16:51:48 | 18:12:57 | 3:03 | 81.80% | |||
 Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | 14:16:39 | 15:52:05 | 17:09:37 | 2:53 | 71.40% | |||
 Australia | Darwin | 17:27:24 | 18:25:55 | 18:28:13 (sunset) | 1:01 | 61.23% | |||
| Indonesia | Jakarta | 14:22:29 | 15:56:07 | 17:11:40 | 2:49 | 60.10% | |||
| Indonesia | Pontianak | 14:24:52 | 15:59:00 | 17:15:01 | 2:50 | 83.76% | |||
 Brunei | Bandar Seri Begawan | 15:36:05 | 17:02:43 | 18:14:15 | 2:38 | 81.23% | |||
 Timor-Leste | Dili | 16:53:05 | 18:08:20 | 18:25:10 (sunset) | 1:32 | 75.03% | |||
| References: [1] | |||||||||
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 2031 May 21 at 04:15:23.0 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 2031 May 21 at 05:19:52.6 UTC |
| First Central Line | 2031 May 21 at 05:21:47.0 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 2031 May 21 at 05:23:41.5 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 2031 May 21 at 06:30:37.3 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 2031 May 21 at 07:13:28.3 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 2031 May 21 at 07:16:04.3 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 2031 May 21 at 07:18:22.9 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 2031 May 21 at 07:24:28.7 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 2031 May 21 at 08:01:34.7 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 2031 May 21 at 09:08:27.6 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 2031 May 21 at 09:10:24.0 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 2031 May 21 at 09:12:20.5 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 2031 May 21 at 10:16:51.4 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 0.95892 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 0.91954 |
| Gamma | −0.19699 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 03h51m34.6s |
| Sun Declination | +20°09'39.2" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'48.2" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 03h51m39.8s |
| Moon Declination | +19°58'57.5" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 14'55.8" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°54'47.5" |
| ΔT | 74.4 s |
Stars and Planets during the Eclipse
Even those stars and planets bright enough to be visible during a total solar eclipse are in most cases not visible during an annular eclipse. The best candidate for naked-eye sighting is Venus, although it will be many degrees east of the Sun and therefore below the eastern horizon for morning observers in Africa. In southern India it will be well up in the east but at a lower altitude than the Sun. Venus will be best seen in those areas such as Malaysia and Indonesia where the eclipse peaks near sunset; it will be high in the west.
If any star is spotted during the eclipse it will be Sirius, which will be high in the east-southeast for observers in India and high in the west-southwest for observers in the East Indies.
Eclipse season
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.
| May 7 Ascending node (full moon) | May 21 Descending node (new moon) | June 5 Ascending node (full moon) |
|---|---|---|
 | |  |
| Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 112 | Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 138 | Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 150 |
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