Solar eclipse of September 23, 1699
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| Hybrid eclipse | |
 Map | |
| Gamma | 0.6999 |
|---|---|
| Magnitude | 1.0095 |
| Maximum eclipse | |
| Duration | 49 s (0 min 49 s) |
| Coordinates | 41°48′N 40°42′E / 41.8°N 40.7°E |
| Max. width of band | 46 km (29 mi) |
| Times (UTC) | |
| Greatest eclipse | 10:16:12 |
| References | |
| Saros | 139 (12 of 71) |
| Catalog # (SE5000) | 8786 |
A total solar eclipse occurred on September 23, 1699.[1] A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's,[2] blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.
A narrow path of totality just clipped the north-east corner of Scotland, including Wick.[3]
Giovanni Domenico Cassini produced the first ever map of a solar eclipse for this event, showing the line of centrality, partial eclipse, and the limits of the eclipse.[4][5] In Scotland, the eclipse was total to the north of Caithness for a brief interval, and a near total eclipse was observed in Edinburgh.[6][7] From England, Samuel Pepys noted an eclipse of the Sun, although it was dated September 3, 1699.[8] The total eclipse was recorded from the Crimean peninsula by a Jewish rabbi named Debar Śepatayim, who interpreted it as a sign.[9] Coincidentally, 1699 marked the final year of the Maunder Minimum.[10]
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