2023 Balearic regional election

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Registered828,278 Increase 3.3%
Turnout456,505 (55.1%)
Increase 1.2 pp
2023 Balearic regional election

 2019
28 May 2023
Next 

All 59 seats in the Parliament of the Balearic Islands
30 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered828,278 Increase 3.3%
Turnout456,505 (55.1%)
Increase 1.2 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Marga Prohens Francina Armengol Jorge Campos
Party PP PSIB–PSOE Vox
Leader since 24 July 2021 25 February 2012 1 April 2019
Leader's seat Mallorca Mallorca Mallorca
Last election 16 seats, 22.2% 19 seats, 27.4% 3 seats, 8.1%
Seats won 25 18 8
Seat change Increase 9 Decrease 1 Increase 5
Popular vote 161,267 119,540 62,637
Percentage 35.8% 26.5% 13.9%
Swing Increase 13.6 pp Decrease 0.9 pp Increase 5.8 pp

  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Lluís Apesteguia Josep Castells Antònia Jover
Party Més MxMe EUIB–Podemos
Leader since 24 October 2021 16 December 2018 4 November 2022
Leader's seat Mallorca Menorca Mallorca (lost)
Last election 4 seats, 9.2% 2 seats, 1.4% 6 seats, 9.7%
Seats won 4 2 1
Seat change Steady 0 Steady 0 Decrease 5
Popular vote 37,651 6,486 19,980
Percentage 8.4% 1.4% 4.4%
Swing Decrease 0.8 pp Steady 0.0 pp Decrease 5.3 pp

  Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party
 
Leader Llorenç Córdoba Josep Melià Patricia Guasp
Party Sa Unió El Pi CS
Leader since 6 March 2023 26 November 2022 28 September 2020
Leader's seat Formentera Mallorca (lost) Mallorca (lost)
Last election 0 seats, 0.3% 3 seats, 7.3% 5 seats, 9.9%
Seats won 1 0 0
Seat change Increase 1 Decrease 3 Decrease 4
Popular vote 1,747 17,089 6,097
Percentage 0.4% 3.8% 1.4%
Swing Increase 0.1 pp Decrease 3.5 pp Decrease 8.5 pp

President before election

Francina Armengol
PSOE

Elected President

Marga Prohens
PP

A regional election was held in the Balearic Islands on 28 May 2023 to elect the 11th Parliament of the autonomous community. All 59 seats in the Parliament were up for election. It was held concurrently with regional elections in eleven other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

Electoral system

The Parliament of the Balearic Islands was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Balearic Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.[1] Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in the Balearic Islands and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2022 abolished the "begged" or expat vote system (Spanish: Voto rogado), under which Spaniards abroad were required to apply for voting before being permitted to vote.[2] The expat vote system was attributed responsibility for a major decrease in the turnout of Spaniards abroad during the years it had been in force.[3]

The 59 members of the Parliament of the Balearic Islands were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the islands of Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza and Formentera, with each being allocated a fixed number of seats:[1][4]

Seats Constituencies
33 Mallorca
13 Menorca
12 Ibiza
1 Formentera

Election date

The term of the Parliament of the Balearic Islands expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the expiration date of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Gazette of the Balearic Islands (BOIB), with election day taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication. The previous election was held on 26 May 2019, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 26 May 2023. The election decree was required to be published in the BOIB no later than 2 May 2023, with the election taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on 25 June 2023.[1][4][5]

The president had the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of the Balearic Islands and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since the previous one. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a sixty-day period from the first ballot, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called.[1]

The Parliament of the Balearic Islands was officially dissolved on 4 April 2023 after the publication of the dissolution decree in the BOIB, setting the election date for 28 May.[6]

Parliamentary composition

The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the chamber at the time of dissolution.[7][8]

Parliamentary composition in April 2023
Groups Parties Legislators
Seats Total
Socialist Parliamentary Group PSIB–PSOE 19 19
People's Parliamentary Group PP 16 16
United We Can Parliamentary Group Podemos 5 6
EM–EU 1
Citizens Parliamentary Group CS 4 4
More for Mallorca Parliamentary Group PSM–Entesa 4 4
Vox–ACTUA Balearics Parliamentary Group Vox 3 3
El Pi–Proposal for the Isles Parliamentary Group El Pi 3 3
Mixed Parliamentary Group MxMe 2 3
PSIB–PSOE 1[a]
Non-Inscrits INDEP 1[b] 1

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[4][5]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy Parties and
alliances
Leading candidate Ideology Previous result Gov. Ref.
Vote % Seats
PSIB–PSOE Francina Armengol Social democracy 27.4% 19 Yes [11]
PP
List
Marga Prohens Conservatism
Christian democracy
22.2% 16 No [12]
CS Patricia Guasp Liberalism 9.9% 5 No [13]
[14]
EUIB–
Podemos
Antònia Jover Left-wing populism
Direct democracy
Democratic socialism
9.7% 6 Yes [15]
Més Lluís Apesteguia Left-wing nationalism
Democratic socialism
Green politics
9.2% 4 Yes [16]
Vox
List
Jorge Campos Right-wing populism
Ultranationalism
National conservatism
8.1% 3 No [17]
El Pi
List
Josep Melià Regionalism
Liberalism
7.3% 3 No [18]
[19]
MxMe
List
Josep Castells Left-wing nationalism
Democratic socialism
Green politics
1.4% 2 No [20]
GxF Silvia Tur Environmentalism
Democratic socialism
0.5% 1 No [21]
Sa Unió
List
Llorenç Córdoba Conservatism 0.3% 0 No [22]

Campaign

Election debates

2023 Balearic regional election debates
Date Organisers Moderator(s)     P  Present[d]    S  Surrogate[e]    NI  Non-invitee   A  Absent invitee 
PSIB PP UP CS Més Vox El Pi MxMe GxF Audience Ref.
2 May Diario de Mallorca
Fibwi TV
Marisa Goñi P
Armengol
P
Prohens
P
Jover
P
Guasp
P
Apesteguia
P
Campos
P
Melià
NI NI [23]
14 May IB3 Xavi Garcia
Neus Albis
P
Armengol
P
Prohens
P
Jover
P
Guasp
P
Apesteguia
P
Campos
P
Melià
P
Castells
P
Tur
5.2%
(16,000)
[24]
[25]
15 May Última Hora
CESAG
Nekane Domblás S
Armengol
P
Prohens
P
Jover
P
Guasp
P
Apesteguia
P
Campos
P
Melià
NI NI [26]
16 May Espai Mallorca
Passes Perdudes
Pau Torres S
Fernández
S
Durán
S
Sans
NI S
Matas
NI S
Mut
P
Castells
S
Cardona
[27]
26 May Cadena SER
El País
Juan Antonio Bauzá S
Armengol
P
Prohens
P
Jover
P
Guasp
P
Apesteguia
NI P
Melià
NI NI [28]

Opinion polls

The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

Graphical summary

Local regression trend line of poll results from 26 May 2019 to 28 May 2023, with each line corresponding to a political party.

Voting intention estimates

The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 30 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of the Balearic Islands.

Color key:

  Poll conducted after legal ban on opinion polls

Voting preferences

The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

Preferred President

The table below lists opinion polling on leader preferences to become president of the Balearic Islands.

Results

Overall

Summary of the 28 May 2023 Parliament of the Balearic Islands election results
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 161,26735.79+13.59 25+9
Socialist Party of the Balearic Islands (PSIB–PSOE) 119,54026.53−0.84 18−1
Vox (Vox) 62,63713.90+5.78 8+5
More for Mallorca (Més) 37,6518.35−0.83 4±0
United We Can (EUIBPodemos) 19,9804.43−5.31 1−5
El Pi–Proposal for the Isles (El Pi) 17,0893.79−3.51 0−3
More for Menorca (MxMe) 6,4861.44+0.03 2±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (CS) 6,0971.35−8.55 0−5
Progress in Green–PACMA (Progreso en Verde–PACMA)1 4,3890.97−0.43 0±0
The Union of Formentera (PP–CompromísFormentera) (Sa Unió) 1,7470.39+0.06 1+1
People for Formentera+PSOE (GxF+PSOE) 1,6790.37−0.10 0−1
Now Ibiza (Ara Eivissa) 1,4070.31+0.03 0±0
Spanish Liberal Project (PLIE) 8170.18+0.08 0±0
Coalition for the Balearics (CperB) 7620.17New 0±0
EPIC Ibiza Citizen Movement–El Pi (EPIC–El Pi)2 5970.13−0.51 0±0
Political Reset (Reset) 5090.11New 0±0
For the Balearics (PerxB) 4240.09New 0±0
New National Order (Orden) 3590.08New 0±0
Blank ballots 7,2071.60+0.59
Total 450,644 59±0
Valid votes 450,64498.72−0.58
Invalid votes 5,8611.28+0.58
Votes cast / turnout 456,50555.11+1.18
Abstentions 371,77344.89−1.18
Registered voters 828,278
Sources[29]
Footnotes:
Popular vote
PP
35.79%
PSIB–PSOE
26.53%
Vox–AB
13.90%
Més
8.35%
EUIB–Podemos
4.43%
El Pi
3.79%
MxMe
1.44%
CS
1.35%
Sa Unió
0.39%
Others
2.43%
Blank ballots
1.60%
Seats
PP
42.37%
PSIB–PSOE
30.51%
Vox–AB
13.56%
Més
6.78%
MxMe
3.39%
EUIB–Podemos
1.69%
Sa Unió
1.69%

Distribution by constituency

Constituency PP PSIB Vox Més UP MxMe Sa Unió
% S % S % S % S % S % S % S
Formentera 3.3 46.5 1
Ibiza 48.8 7 25.6 4 9.2 1 6.4
Mallorca 34.2 13 26.9 10 15.3 6 10.4 4 4.0
Menorca 38.7 5 26.7 4 7.2 1 6.8 1 16.6 2
Total 35.8 25 26.5 18 13.9 8 8.4 4 4.4 1 1.4 2 0.4 1
Sources[29]

Aftermath

Notes

References

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