Wikipedia:Featured article candidates
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Here, we determine which articles are to be featured articles (FAs). FAs exemplify Wikipedia's very best work and satisfy the FA criteria. All editors are welcome to review nominations; please see the review FAQ. Before nominating an article, nominators may wish to receive feedback by listing it at Peer review and adding the review to the FAC peer review sidebar. Editors considering their first nomination, and any subsequent nomination before their first FA promotion, are strongly advised to seek the involvement of a mentor, to assist in the preparation and processing of the nomination. Nominators must be sufficiently familiar with the subject matter and sources to deal with objections during the featured article candidates (FAC) process. Nominators who are not significant contributors to the article should consult regular editors of the article before nominating it. Nominators are expected to respond positively to constructive criticism and to make efforts to address objections promptly. An article should not be on Featured article candidates and Peer review or Good article nominations at the same time. The FAC coordinators—Ian Rose, Gog the Mild, David Fuchs and FrB.TG—determine the timing of the process for each nomination. For a nomination to be promoted to FA status, consensus must be reached that it meets the criteria. Consensus is built among reviewers and nominators; the coordinators determine whether there is consensus. A nomination will be removed from the list and archived if, in the judgment of the coordinators:
It is assumed that all nominations have good qualities; this is why the main thrust of the process is to generate and resolve critical comments in relation to the criteria, and why such resolution is given considerably more weight than declarations of support. Do not use graphics or complex templates on FAC nomination pages. Graphics such as An editor is normally allowed to be the sole nominator of one article at a time, but two nominations are allowed if the editor is a co-nominator on at least one of them. An editor may ask the approval of the coordinators to add a second sole nomination after the first has gained significant support. If a nomination is archived, the nominator(s) should take adequate time to work on resolving issues before re-nominating. None of the nominators may nominate or co-nominate any article for two weeks unless given leave to do so by a coordinator; if such an article is nominated without asking for leave, a coordinator will decide whether to remove it. A coordinator may exempt from this restriction an archived nomination that attracted no (or minimal) feedback. Nominations in urgent need of review are listed here. To contact the FAC coordinators, please leave a message on the FAC talk page, or use the {{@FAC}} notification template elsewhere. A bot will update the article talk page after the article is promoted or the nomination archived; the delay in bot processing can range from minutes to several days, and the Table of Contents – This page: Purge cache |
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Nominations
1980–81 Gillingham F.C. season
- Nominator(s): ChrisTheDude (talk) 15:55, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
Hi all - after being away for a while I am back here with yet another Gillingham season article. This one follows the same format as the previous 42 which I got promoted (something Gillingham were nowhere near achieving in the season in question LOL). Feedback as ever will be most gratefully received and swiftly acted upon! -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 15:55, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
TWA Flight Center
- Nominator(s): Epicgenius (talk) 14:37, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
This article is about a 1960s-era airport terminal at JFK Airport in New York City. Designed by Eero Saarinen, it is centered around a headhouse with a very distinctive thin-shell roof. The interiors are similarly impressive, with soaring spaces, along with multiple intermediate levels connected by an overpass. Millions of travelers have passed through the terminal over the years, and it received extensive praise and awards when built. Despite its architectural stature, the TWA Flight Center quickly became functionally inadequate. The building was abandoned from 2001 onward and struggled to find another use for a decade; its near-demolition triggered preservation disputes. The headhouse is now part of a hotel, and its impressive architecture can still be visited today.
This page was promoted to Good Article status six years ago after a GA review by Eddie891. After some additional copy edits and expansions, I think it's up to FA quality now, and I look forward to all comments and feedback. Epicgenius (talk) 14:37, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- Don't use fixed px size
- File:JFK_T5_Diagram.jpg: what's the source of the data presented in this diagram? Nikkimaria (talk) 04:21, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Nikkimaria, thanks for the image review. My responses:
- Removed.
- Removed this as well. Theoretically slide 3 of this NY Times page can be used as a source. But there are two problems with that image: it seems to conflate the TWA Flight Center as part of Terminal 5, and it's technically out of date (though the latter is addressed in the caption).
- – Epicgenius (talk) 13:55, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- I've made a couple of revisions for the time being but with exam preps, an open PR and multiple FAC reviews to conclude, it's unlikely that I would be able to give a full review at present. I might return later, if I have the time. Good luck with the nomination. MSincccc (talk) 14:22, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Noleander
- Can the article clarify the distinction between these items:
- The TWA Hotel
- The headhouse building
- The 1960's TWA terminal ( headhouse plus which other buildings?)
- The TWA Flight Center (is this synonymous with the terminal?_
- I feel like the readers might need a venn diagram to see how they inter-relate :-) If distinguishing these is not feasible in the Lead, consider adding several sentences somewhere, maybe a paragraph in the Architecture section?
- That's a fair point. Basically:
- (1) uses both (2) and a new building.
- (4) is synonymous with (3), which used to encompass "flight wings" along with (2). Since the flight wings have been demolished, (4), (3), and (2) are all the same. (And yes, (4) and the term "Flight Center" are synonymous with the terminal. I've clarified this in the second sentence of the first paragraph, as well as in the second paragraph.) - EG
- That's a fair point. Basically:
- Continuing the above: What parts of the FLight Center are not the headhouse? I read:
- "The TWA Flight Center, designed by Eero Saarinen and his associates, is centered on a headhouse .."
- "The building's main section, the headhouse... "
- The TWA Hotel article says "TWA Hotel is a hotel ... It uses the head house of the TWA Flight Center... "
- So if the headhouse is only part of the Flight Center, then what parts of the Flight Center are not the headhouse? Maybe it is stated further down in the article, but readers will want a summary of the major components/buildings very early.
- I made it more clear that the flight wings were part of the terminal and have since been demolished. - EG
- Continuing above: "Two tube-shaped, red-carpeted departure and arrival corridors extended outward from the terminal and connected to detached structures known as "flight wings", which contained the gates." Can this be clarified: Is the "terminal" here the headhouse? This sentence suggests that the wings & passages & gates are not part of the terminal. But I've always seen the word "terminal" used to include the attached passages & gates.
- I have reworded this. The flight wings were actually are part of the terminal. I've gone through the article and changed other instances of "terminal" to "headhouse" where only the headhouse is being mentioned. - EG
- Clarify: "... [its] thin-shell concrete roofs could not be built in other parts of New York City; ..." Can it directly state " ... due to building codes". I realize that is sort of revealed later, but readers would benefit from a more direct statement.
- Done. - EG
- Metric? "... 200,000 square feet (19,000 m2)..." Metric is far more common in the world and even in the USA these days. Is there any way the article could present metric first, then imperial in parens? I"m sure all the sources about the 1960s construction use imperial, but it is 2026 now, and English WP has an international readership.
- Per MOS:UNIT, "In non-scientific articles with strong ties to the United States, the primary units are US customary (pounds, miles, feet, inches, etc.)". Since this is a subject with strong ties to the US, and is not a scientific subject, I put the imperial first. The metric conversion is included in any case, but putting metric first in this article would seem to violate the MOS. - EG
- Are there any sources that discuss this building in popular culture? I'm certain I've seen it as a setting/backdrop somehere: Film? Advertising? TV shows?
- Yes, this is mentioned in the "Awards and media" section. Strangely, I didn't find any sources that talked in depth about the terminal's appearances in popular culture, but I did find some scattered appearances here and there. However, per MOS:POPCULT I didn't mention these unless they were significant appearances (e.g. the terminal featured prominently in these media). - EG
- Better wording? TWA's advertising manager said the building was promoted "as though it were a national monument". The word "said" may suggest to readers it is a statement of fact; but it may be a bit of puffery, so maybe something like TWA's advertising manager said their approach to advertising was to treat the building "as though it were a national monument"."
- Seems reasonable, I have done that. - EG
- The "Show Ref Check" tool says that book sources use the location/city attribute inconsistently: 3 have the location; 13 do not. E.g. this one includes location Eero Saarinen: an Architecture of Multiplicity. New York: Not a showstopper for FA, just FYI.
- Removed all the locations - EG
- The headhouse sits at the middle of a curve in one of JFK Airport's service roads,... Consider "access road" since "service road" implies a small, rarely used road, used only for repairs.
- And consider "enclosed by [or 'within'] a curved access road" rather than "at the middle" since the latter could mean it is positioned at the midpoint of a long, gradually curving road, whereas I think you're trying to emphasize that it is nestled within the loop of a tightly curved road.
- Changed to "The headhouse sits on a curve in one of JFK Airport's service roads". It is technically on the midpoint of the curve, but I think that wording can cause confusion (as demonstrated by your comment above), as the headhouse is located on the convex (i.e. outer) side of the the curve. As for "service road", this is how access roads are referred to in the NYC region, but I have changed it to "access road". - EG
- And consider "enclosed by [or 'within'] a curved access road" rather than "at the middle" since the latter could mean it is positioned at the midpoint of a long, gradually curving road, whereas I think you're trying to emphasize that it is nestled within the loop of a tightly curved road.
- Photo of a large man with hat and beard? https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Central_View.jpg Not sure readers benefit from this: too many people obscuring the building. Black & white. Consider removing it to make room for other, more informative photos.
- Swapped it with another image. - EG
- Can the article include a photo of one of Saarinen's buildings he designed before TWA? In other words, do any sources say something like "The TWA building was an evolution of his style, extending ideas he first introduced in his earlier Kresge Auditorium ..."? If so, readers would like to hear that.
- To be honest, Kresge wasn't really a major building of his. The sources do not make any connection like the one you're suggesting. In fact, he mainly designed based on the needs of his clients at the time, rather than necessarily making successive improvements to his designs; as an example, just before designing TWA and Dulles, he had worked on five corporate campuses, only to never design any others. Aside from that, there isn't really a good place to put the image; Kresge is mentioned once in the "Impact" section and in a footnote. - EG
- Ditto for the Dulles International Airport Main Terminal ... if space & sources permit, a pic would be nice: Kresge -> TWA -> Dulles
- I'll think about it, as Dulles is arguably more related to this design than Kresge (being one of the few other airport terminals he designed). However, as with the above, I'm not sure where in the article it would go. - EG
- Titles of sources use a mixture of title case & sentence case:
- "Thin shell classic TWA structure gets new life"
- "TWA to Unveil Spectacular N.Y. Flight Center Monday"
- MOS says a consistent algorithm has to be used; and that the way a source capitalizes its own title should be ignored.
- Fixed. - EG
- Copyright of https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flight_Wing_No._1_-_Main_Floor_Plan_-_Trans_World_Airlines_Flight_Center,_John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport,_Jamaica_Bay,_Queens_(subdivision),_Queens_County,_NY_HABS_NY-6371_(sheet_22_of_32).png
- If that is a photo of a diagram, then two license infos need to be supplied: (a) the drawer of the diagram; and (b) the photograhper that took a photo of the diagram. I only see (b) ["This file comes from the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS)..."], but I cannot find license for the underlying diagram/drawing. The license info in there now includes "...This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing." which I think is saying the same thing.
- The license info says: "Beyer Blinder Belle Architects and Planners, creator" is that the drawer of the diagram? or the photographer?
- Just as a note, in the "Permission" section, it says "This image or media file contains material based on a work of a National Park Service employee". The file itself, indeed, does indicate that the NPS drew this file directly, meaning the underlying file is public domain. Works created by those in their official capacity as a US government worker are automatically PD.I'm not sure what Beyer Blinder Belle's involvement is, exactly. This is a scan of a file, and if they scanned the file, they cannot claim copyright over it because scans are entirely derivative and introduce no new content. – Epicgenius (talk) 14:59, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for the initial comments. I've addressed or replied to them above. Epicgenius (talk) 03:38, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- The interior was modeled next; since the space was to be symmetrical, Saarinen & Associates only created drawings for half the interior.... studied the models throughout the night, crawling across them. - Not clear if this passage is describing 2D drawings ("drawings", "crawling across them") or 3D structures ("modeled"). Do the sources specify?
- I've changed the wording. I didn't realize that the word "modeled" could be read as "physically modeled". - EG
- ... which Ringli said was part of Aline's efforts to ... I'd forgotten (or skipped) the place where Aline was identified, so I was lost here. Is there a way to remind the reader who she is in this sentence? Either "his wife" or "Saarinen's wife" or "Aline Saarinen" or something?
- Aline B. Saarinen is linked earlier; I spelled out her full name at first mention. Since this is in the section immediately preceding this one, I decided not to spell out her full name again, but happy to hear an alternative perspective on this. - EG
- 14 engineers and 150 artisans "artisans" is an unusual word to use for the US construction industry. To me the word conveys an artist or craftsperson that works on decorations and is skilled in things like sculpture, carving, stained glass, etc. I suppose there could be 150 such artisans, but that seems high. On the other hand, there may have been 500 construction workers and 150 artisans working on decorations. Can "artisans" be defined or wikilinked here?
- Changed to "150 skilled craftspeople". - EG
- ... one-eighth of the airline's passengers criticized the design of the temporary structure. The roof was poured as a single form starting on ... Some readers may think "The roof" was the roof of the temporary structure since they are adjacent in the text. If the roof was for the other (new) building consider adding a word to clarify.
- Changed to "The permanent structure's roof" - EG
- It had been finished after most of the other major ... Grammar could perhaps be simpler ("had been" is annoying) e.g. It was completed/finished after ...
- Done (I used "finished" because the previous sentence uses "completed"). - EG
- Image caption: Union News restaurants coffee shop by Raymond Loewy Can it clarify what Loewy's role was? Interior designer? Chef? Photogapher of this pic?
- I clarified Loewy's role in the project; he designed three of the upper-floor spaces. - EG
- Two towers, flanking the headhouse's sunken lounge, curve around the original headhouse. These towers were constructed as part of the TWA Hotel, which has 512 guest room - Article should ideally tell the reader what Hotel facilities the headhouse contains: rooms? Reception? Restaurant(s)? I'm guessing no rooms, but that should be made explicit.
- It already was made explicit (in the first paragraph of the "Headhouse" section"). I also added that restaurants and the hotel's reception desk are there. - EG
- Explain: According to Saarinen associate Kevin Roche, Saarinen had thought the TWA tract "was the best site", despite airline officials' dissatisfaction with the lot. This makes it sound like the airport provided TWA with multiple possible sites, and TWA told Saarinen to choose one. If so that should be stated, because normally airports are so tight on space (and they have a master plan) so they would tell the airline: "here is where you must build your terminal". So, if the airport did give TWA 2 or more sites to choose from, readers will want to know that because it is a bit surprising.
- They were assigned that site, same as in a regular master plan. TWA didn't like it, but Saarinen did. - EG
- I ran the tool User:Alaexis/AI Source Verification which tries to validate all citations using AI. It was pretty slow, but by the time it got halfway thru, most cites were "not accessible"; a bunch were "validated", many were "partially validated". One failed validation, but it said that "only 10% of that source was accessible" so I'm not sure how it could draw a conclusion. Overall: it didn't find any solid source-to-text failures.
- I ran that tool too, and would not put too much stock in it. For example, one of the issues it raised was that "it does not mention 'closed-circuit television,' 'a central public address system,' 'a schedule board,' or 'baggage scales'", even though the source did mention these things. - EG
- As such, the designation did not preserve the TWA Flight Center from modifications, a major point of contention when the building's redevelopment was proposed in the 2000s. That paragraph is well-written, but ends on a cliffhanger: readers will want to know if the changes to the building in the 2000s (for TWA hotel etc) violated the intent/spirit of the LPC designation; or did the 2000s changes respect the intent/spirit of the designation.
- The 2000s renovations didn't really change much, though this source says that the New York State Historic Preservation Office (a state agency) was consulted, so I would assume they conformed to the spirit of the designation. As for the 2010s changes, this source says that the developers consulted with nearly two dozen government agencies (already mentioned in the article).This source more explicitly states that the renovation team has consulted with the LPC regarding these changes "and will continue to work closely with these parties throughout construction". - EG
- Compass: In its reports about the TWA Flight Center head house, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission uses modified cardinal directions for convenience. In this article, the precise cardinal directions are used. Readers may be confused by "modified cardinal direction" ... I'd never heard that term before, and I consider myself an amateur geographer. I finally figured it out by reading the source: For the sake of convenience, north is used in the description rather than northeast, and so on. Consider making the footnote clearer with something like In its reports about the TWA Flight Center head house, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission used approximate compass directions for convenience. In this article, precise compass directions are used.
- Thanks for pointing this out. I have rephrased this. Epicgenius (talk) 15:30, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- Some of the older photographs of interiors are muddy & dark, especially in shadows. That's a shame, because it is such a beautiful building. I'm pretty sure it is not my computer or eyeballs, since most other images in other articles appear fine. MOS:IMAGES specifically permits enhancement of brightness & saturation of older photos (to a small degree), provided it is not so extensive as to misrepresent the original. Consider brightening the following so readers can appreciate details in the shadows:
- The terminal was ranked on the 2007 List of America's Favorite Architecture.
- The architect Robert A. M. Stern called the headhouse a symbolic "Grand Central of the jet age".
- Departures board in the headhouse [this one really needs it]
- The headhouse under construction (exterior image, muddy shadows)
- I'd be happy to help with enhancement, if you want.
- If you could help out, that would be great. We have a ton of good images on Commons already, so if the pics need to be swapped out, we can do that as well. Epicgenius (talk) 15:33, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- Accessibility: Images contain Alt text; no color-coding is used to convey information.
- Prose: overall, the prose is professional quality, and meets FACR requirements.
- MOS: The article and its cites conform to MOS expectations.
- Images: are relevant and informative. I have not done a copyright check.
- That is all for now. Noleander (talk) 00:47, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for the very detailed review, I appreciate it. I've replied to the concerns you've raised above. – Epicgenius (talk) 15:34, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
USS Anzio (CVE-57)
USS Anzio was one of the fifty Casablanca-class escort carriers built for the U.S. Navy during World War II. She had a distinguished, but unheralded career during the Pacific War, supporting the island-hopping campaigns and hunting submarines. This article recently passed a MILHIST A-class review, and I believe that it is now ready to undergo the FAC process. This is my first FAC nomination, so robust scrutiny is both warranted and welcome. I disclose that I am registered in this year's WikiCup, although I have not been a very active participant. Stikkyy (talk) 00:05, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
Image review by JacobTheRox
- All 11 images are in the public domain because they were produced by in-service navy officials.
- The last image hangs over into the next column for me, which then makes the table thin. Consider adding a
{{clear}}.
- I removed the last image, it didn't seem to be adding much.
- All captions correctly formatted
- Correct grammar in alt text "An aircraft carrier at sea with both aircraft elevators are depressed."
- No other issues I can find
- Image review is a
Pass
Other comments by JacobTheRox
- Currently your end has:
- Lvl2 "Notes"
- Lvl2 "References"
- Lvl2 "Sources"
- Lvl3 "Online sources"
- Lvl3 "Bibliography"
- Semi-colon "Military documents"
- This makes no sense to me – the use of a semi-colon as a section header is proscribed and if bibliography is for books, shouldn't it be its own lvl3 anyway? And why is it called "bibliography" while only including books, not "Book sources" to match the other headings?
- The cost is only in the infobox; please add it to the actual prose itself. I would also add
{{inflation}}with it so we know how much it is today. - That is all for now, I look forward to hearing your response.
- P.S. My article Robert Jacomb-Hood is at FAC at the moment; please do consider dropping by!
Cherry on Top (Bini song)
- Nominator(s): ROY is WAR Talk! 06:35, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
Hi, Binichella!
So, I will take this opportunity to re-nominate on FAC because of the Filipino girl group Bini performed in Coachella 2026. Making a history as the First Filipino group to perform at the music festival.
The previous FAC did not attracted editors here and it's understandable since it's Christmas month and New Year. So, I hope it can be pass this time and can nominate in TFA. All valid criticisms, questions are welcome. ROY is WAR Talk! 06:35, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
Whonting
Hi Roy, not sure if I will do a full review, but have run this through User:Alaexis/AI Source Verification, which picked up the following:
- "The track was produced by Shintaro Yasuda and Skylar Mones" - it is unclear from the sources whether either were acting in their capacity as producer or merely composer.
- "as well as the International Music Video title at the 2023 BreakTudo Awards in Brazil." - 2024 Awards
Some other points that catch my eye:
- Language that can be read as promotional includes "revealed"
- "Publications such as the Philippine Daily Inquirer's American bureau and SunStar Cebu have praised the video for its depictions of Filipino culture." ambiguous from your writing whether they were praising the video for depicting Filipino culture or the method of depiction.
- the Bini members decided to sing the track a capella. → the Bini members sang the track a capella.
Good luck with the nomination! Whonting (talk) 07:29, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, Whonting! Thanks for your review!
"The track was produced by Shintaro Yasuda and Skylar Mones" - it is unclear from the sources whether either were acting in their capacity as producer or merely composer
- they are both producer and songwriter.
"as well as the International Music Video title at the 2023 BreakTudo Awards in Brazil." - 2024 Awards
DoneLanguage that can be read as promotional includes "revealed"
Done"Publications such as the Philippine Daily Inquirer's American bureau and SunStar Cebu have praised the video for its depictions of Filipino culture." ambiguous from your writing whether they were praising the video for depicting Filipino culture or the method of depiction
Donethe Bini members decided to sing the track a capella. → the Bini members sang the track a capella.
Done.
- ROY is WAR Talk! 10:08, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks Roy for getting on these quickly. Can you move a source inline explicitly saying they are producers on the song? Whonting (talk) 10:19, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Whonting: on ref 8:
They collaborated closely with renowned producers Skylar Mones and Shintaro Yasuda, known for their work with international stars as well as K-pop icons.
Also, in their apple music credits which is reliable too. ROY is WAR Talk! 10:42, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Whonting: on ref 8:
- Thanks Roy for getting on these quickly. Can you move a source inline explicitly saying they are producers on the song? Whonting (talk) 10:19, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, Whonting!
- Just an update, if you are done here? If yes, please add if you are support or oppose. Thanks! ROY is WAR Talk! 11:16, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
Nick-D
This isn't a topic I'm at all familiar with, but here goes:
- The background section needs a paragraph or two more clear explaining this band's career up to the release of the song.
- The information on who wrote the song in the 'Composition and lyrics' section is confusing.
- Can more be said about the song's lyrics? This would work best as a separate paragraph, but needs a bit more material.
- "It was included to be part of a then-upcoming album" - bit over-complex
- " He wrote that the song's musical direction diverged from Bini's typical style" - if this is the case, the article doesn't cover it.
- Comment not addressed. I note that the band's most popular songs on Spotify are largely sung in Filipino, but all lyrics for this song are in English (sung with a distinct US accents). Is this part of the new direction? Was this song an attempt to break into the American market? Nick-D (talk) 04:06, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- Can anything be said about the song's commercial performance and profile outside of the Philippines?
- "Its sets have been described" - this is confusing: was the video shot in part of a city or on a set?
- "The video also depicts a typical morning scene in the Philippines" - from having just watched the video, an obvious issue is that many of the people in the clip appear to be white North Americans. Do any sources cover this? (it was presumably done to broaden the appeal of the video to western markets).
- The 'In popular culture' section seems to really be about covers.
- Also from having listened to the song, it's very over-produced and the band sings with strong North American English accents. Do any sources discuss this?
- Only one of the current six notes is referenced; they all need to be. Nick-D (talk) 00:36, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, Nick-D! Thanks for your review!
- It's all Done except for this:
- I added the forbes here. Although, WP:FORBESCON is unreliable, however, Jeff Benjamin have published many reliable source such as Billboard, Rolling Stone etc. So, it wouldn't hurt the references, i guess?
from having just watched the video, an obvious issue is that many of the people in the clip appear to be white North Americans. Do any sources cover this? (it was presumably done to broaden the appeal of the video to western markets).
- Unfortunately, I search on this and I can't find on this specific. But, maybe in the future someone cover on this. :)
The background section needs a paragraph or two more clear explaining this band's career up to the release of the song
- I added a bit on the most important 'cause some of the news in June 2024 are just trivial, so it's not really worth it to add.
Can anything be said about the song's commercial performance and profile outside of the Philippines?
- Unfortunately, none. Tho, the listicles on the international media outlets and "In popular culture" helped too.
- Let me know if there's anything to do. ROY is WAR Talk! 11:40, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
Further comments:
- "widespread critical acclaim, although a few reviews have acknowledged that its sound has divided Bini's fans" - the grammar is off here
- Drive-by comment from Nineteen Ninety-Four guy: Each claim is unreferenced and unsubstantiated in its appropriate section in the body, as well. "Widespread critical acclaim" is such a strong claim that has to be backed by reliable, high quality sources explicitly stating this; citing listicles (which are hardly arbiters of critical consensus) and a measley five positive reviews to support this claim doesn't give the article a thorough and representative survey of the relevant literature (as per criterion 1c). Nineteen Ninety-Four guy (talk) 04:59, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- "On June 16, Bini surpassed Taylor Swift" - it should be specified more clearly that this is only in a narrow way given this is quite a broad statement. Nick-D (talk) 04:06, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- I added that part, not the nominator. All of the review sources have "Generally reliable" consensus, so I figured it was safe to say, but I still removed it. :) Very easy fix. (And two of the listicles used are purely dedicated to Bini's music, so I hope my revision is okay now.) ~2026-20515-51 (talk) 17:05, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
Old Frisian
- Nominator(s): ThaesOfereode (talk) 21:36, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
Unlike its better-known and more poetic English cousin, Old Frisian is the language of lawyers under fire. Spoken by Frisians under siege from both sides of the Lauwers, virtually all Old Frisian attestations come from legal documents. I believe I've beaten this article into being one of the better publicly-accessible resources for the topic. The page touches on both history and linguistics, given the general messiness of classification, periodization, and phylogeny surrounding the language, so anyone interested in the Late Middle Ages or its transition to the early modern period will hopefully find something of interest here. ThaesOfereode (talk) 21:36, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- Some images are missing alt text
- Done. ThaesOfereode (talk) 23:30, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- File:Brokmerbrief.jpg needs a US tag. Ditto File:Freeska_Landriucht.jpg
- Done. Ended up uploading a new image for the Landriucht; the original image was a 19th-century reproduction. ThaesOfereode (talk) 23:30, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- File:Eerste_Hunsingoër_Handschrift_-_blz._44.jpg: source link is dead, missing a US tag
- Uploaded a new page from H2 instead. Tagged appropriately, I believe. ThaesOfereode (talk) 23:30, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- File:Komst_van_den_H._Willebrord_in_Nederland.jpg needs a US tag and author date of death. Nikkimaria (talk) 04:38, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- A separate artist is not noted afaict; author was a priest who died in 1940. ThaesOfereode (talk) 23:30, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
PharyngealImplosive7
Marking my spot, will get to this if I have any free time – PharyngealImplosive7 (talk) 20:02, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
Death Race 2
- Nominator(s): Nineteen Ninety-Four guy (talk) 13:58, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
This article is about the direct-to-video sequel—erm, prequel—to 2008's Death Race starring "The Stath". Having brought this to Good Article status a year ago, it is one of the projects I'm truly proud of. It may not be as chunky as your typical Featured Article, but I'm confident that, with a little work and valuable feedback from the regulars on here, it can be elevated to the much-coveted FA status. This is my first FA nomination, so let me know if I did something wrong during the nomination. Thank you, Nineteen Ninety-Four guy (talk) 13:58, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
Image review
@Nineteen Ninety-Four guy: Here shall be an image review from me! Arconning (talk) 06:13, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- File:Death Race 2 Unrated cover.png - Fair Use
- File:Luke Goss 2011 (cropped).jpg - CC BY 3.0, source link is dead and needs an archive link
- File:AV0A6306 Sean Bean.jpg - CC BY-SA 3.0
- File:Roel Reiné Flying.jpg - Fair Use
- File:Foreshore Freeway Bridge cropped.jpg - CC BY 2.0
- File:Mustang-IMG 2284.JPG - CC BY-SA 2.0 ca
- All of the images have alt-text for accessibility, are relevant to the article, and have proper captioning.
- Just need the one comment to be addressed!
- Arconning, thanks for the image review. Archive link has been added. Nineteen Ninety-Four guy (talk) 06:27, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- Just need the one comment to be addressed!
Dam (song)
Hi, everyone! How are you feeling? I'm here to re-nominate the WP article to SB19's 2025 single "Dam" for FAC, just in time for their upcoming Lollapalooza performance. It is by far SB19's best-performing single to date, surpassing "Gento". This nom is part of my efforts of improving coverage of Filipino music in Wikipedia. Apart from prose changes and addition of new information, this article hasn't gone much changes since it was promoted as Good Article last July. I do believe it has the potential to be an FA; it's comprehensive, well-researched, and follows proper style guidelines, hopefully should meet the rest of the FA criteria altogether.
This article has not attracted comments on my previous two FAC attempts, hopefully I can gain enough support for this nom. Now that my schedule isn't as hectic, I would be happy to address all your concerns regarding this nom. All types of feedback, constructive criticism, and suggestions are welcome and much appreciated. I sincerely thank the reviewers in advance who will put their time and effort here. Relayed (talk • contribs) 13:15, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
Whonting
Hi Relayed, I'll have a look over. Whonting (talk) 13:23, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- In the lyrics, the narrator discusses his struggles and desire to become a better version of himself while upholding self-integrity and determination. Why while? These are surely not incompatible with becoming a better version of himself?
- Can you introduce Alanshiii?
- Unfortunately, there's not much info about Alanshiii himself, so I couldn't really introduce him deeply in the article. Sources just introduce him as the director of the video. What I know is, if I'm not mistaken, Alanshiii is a stage name for "Alan Montales Ante Jr." (based on his socials) and is probably associated with the production company 1032 Lab. Before "Dam", he directed the video for "Kalakal", if you want me to mention that instead. – R
- Some POV language throughout, e.g. production quality, The EP explored genres, revealing that now they have. Can you work on some more impartial language?
- most-viewed music videos on YouTube I presume?
- Done: Yes, that would be correct. I have revised the prose to make it clearer. – R
- The prose in Composition and lyrics is rather choppy, you can do a better job of allowing the sentences to flow. Which is a bit strange, I quite like your prose in the lead.
- I don't understand how "Dam" is wordplay from pakiramdam
- "Dam" was derived from pakiramdam; sources have stated that "'Dam' is a play on the word pakiramdam." SB19 is known for using words for its titles that wouldn't really mean by its literal dictionary per se, like "Mapa" (Though it's English literal equivalent is a "map", its deeper meaning is apparently a mashup of mama and papa) or "Gento". Let me know if there are any changes you would suggest to move forward. – R
- I still don't quite understand. Ed is derived from Edward, that doesn't make it "wordplay". Wordplay has an element of wit. What is witty about shortening pakiramdam to dam? - Whonting
- "Dam" was derived from pakiramdam; sources have stated that "'Dam' is a play on the word pakiramdam." SB19 is known for using words for its titles that wouldn't really mean by its literal dictionary per se, like "Mapa" (Though it's English literal equivalent is a "map", its deeper meaning is apparently a mashup of mama and papa) or "Gento". Let me know if there are any changes you would suggest to move forward. – R
- Musically, "Dam" is characterized as primarily a powerful anthemic hip-hop track wordy and vague, who is characterizing it as such? Whether it is powerful is an opinion, and likewise for anthemic ("rousing or uplifting")
- alluding to the band's experiences throughout their career vague and should be attributed... I will revisit this section once rewritten. The same issues persist.
- I have now looked through the reception section. None of the "track reviews" are from music critics, and they cannot be taken as music criticism. Their opinions are undue and should not be included. I believe the same for Rome Saenz, though I am open to being wrong if you can provide an instance of him writing a critical review of music for Billboard Phillipines.
- Thanks for pointing that out. Unfortunately, full-on critiques/criticisms that rip each part of the song or any art in general are almost non-existent in the Philippine media, hence why that's the case. Although there are some notable exceptions, like the film Maid in Malacañang, it's still almost non-existent beyond that. Some journalists are aware of this ( ), apparently the reason behind that "is to give local talent some much-needed support and encouragement. We all think the industry needs all the help it can get," attributing it to the PH music industry not being as established as the West. So, most articles often send praises rather than criticisms.
- Although Rolling Stone Philippines was recently established in the country, music criticism is not widespread there either, nor have they made a critique of "Dam". They would often review international releases rather than local ones. From what I can see, you can count on your fingers how many they did on a Filipino act, and most of them are non-mainstream artists. Other than that, the closest critics we have perhaps are social media users on X.
- For the "Critical reception" section in the article, I mapped it out based on another FA Freedom (concert). Let me know if there's something you want me to do regarding this to move forward. – R
- This is a really interesting response, thankyou for sharing it. I have also read the pieces you linked, which were troubling, -- I didn't know how bad the situation in the Phillipines was.
- At this article at this time there are two problems with the sourcing: non-music critics who are being represented as music critics (a WP:TSI problem, an example being the GMA Integrated News writer who is not a critic and does not claim to be), and music critics who are (it seems) unwilling to offer criticism, making their praise meaningless. We don't have to agree on the second justifying removal to agree that the first certainly does.
- On the second, critics who seem unwilling to criticise, I don't see how they can be high-quality reliable sources for the purpose of FA. Whether they should be included on Wikipedia as a general matter, if we can't find evidence they are willing to critically review songs by Filipino artists, at FA they certainly should go.
- That's where I'm at now, I'm very interested to hear if you agree or disagree. I opened up a discussion at Wikipedia talk:Tambayan Philippines/Task force Philippine Music on this topic, I'm sorry for singling you out but I think you know it's not a problem particularly to your editing or this article. Whonting (talk) 15:41, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- For the "Critical reception" section in the article, I mapped it out based on another FA Freedom (concert). Let me know if there's something you want me to do regarding this to move forward. – R
- Looking at the sources for "commercial success", they are too effusive for such a judgement to be put in wikivoice. Simply list the facts.
Relayed, I'll pause here so you can address these points. The changes to critical reception should be reflected in the lead. Whonting (talk) 13:48, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, Whonting! Thank you for taking your time to look at the article! I'll let you know once I've fully addressed your concerns. Relayed (talk • contribs) 14:33, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks Relayed, looking forward to it. Jo-Jo Eumerus, pinging you as an FYI to the above comments on sourcing since you were the source reviewer for Gento (song) where these were not flagged as issues. Whonting (talk) 04:36, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, Whonting! I'm sorry for taking so long. Although I'm not yet done addressing everything, I did leave some comments above, especially answers to some of your queries to clear things up. I'll let you know once again if I'm done addressing the rest. Regards, Relayed (talk • contribs) 14:54, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks Relayed, I have left a response above. Whonting (talk) 15:41, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- This is where my relatively limited knowledge of pop culture sources showed, evidently. One thing to consider about reviews is that since they give opinion, the criteria for their inclusion is to a large degree whether they are prominent enough. Anyhow, looking up Pauline Miranda sounds like she doesn't write much on music. Hidzir Junaini and Rome Saenz meanwhile do. Alwin Ignacio and Kristofer Purnell one could go either way. Kristine Kang I can't find much on - which is probably a strike against her inclusion. That's for citing their opinions; whether they are reliable sources for facts would be a different question, although I generally assume that prominent reviewers would be called out if they got facts wrong frequently. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:55, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus, no, thankyou for doing it in the first place. I agree with you on prominence, though my point is less concerned with prominence (these are all established outlets after all), but whether we can take these to be sincere opinions of reviewers.
- One distinction we can draw with these sources is "song is released, check it out" stories (e.g. at NME ) vs "this is a review" stories (e.g. still at NME for the same song ). Note that the second is an example of critical reception and the first is not, writing in different mediums and to a degree for different audiences (fans vs prospective listeners). Whonting (talk) 10:17, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Whonting: I get what you mean, but unfortunately, as I explained above, the PH media hasn't been investing in music review stories, which is quite a bummer because I would rather read something that goes deeper into the songs than just mere shallow statements of what it is. I just tried my best to get through with what I could work with, which I did by looking for somewhat subjective/opinionated statements in their news stories, then piecing them all together. That's kinda how I ended up with something like what I've written in the article. Relayed (talk • contribs) 18:36, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- This is where my relatively limited knowledge of pop culture sources showed, evidently. One thing to consider about reviews is that since they give opinion, the criteria for their inclusion is to a large degree whether they are prominent enough. Anyhow, looking up Pauline Miranda sounds like she doesn't write much on music. Hidzir Junaini and Rome Saenz meanwhile do. Alwin Ignacio and Kristofer Purnell one could go either way. Kristine Kang I can't find much on - which is probably a strike against her inclusion. That's for citing their opinions; whether they are reliable sources for facts would be a different question, although I generally assume that prominent reviewers would be called out if they got facts wrong frequently. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:55, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks Relayed, I have left a response above. Whonting (talk) 15:41, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, Whonting! I'm sorry for taking so long. Although I'm not yet done addressing everything, I did leave some comments above, especially answers to some of your queries to clear things up. I'll let you know once again if I'm done addressing the rest. Regards, Relayed (talk • contribs) 14:54, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks Relayed, looking forward to it. Jo-Jo Eumerus, pinging you as an FYI to the above comments on sourcing since you were the source reviewer for Gento (song) where these were not flagged as issues. Whonting (talk) 04:36, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
Image review
@Relayed: Here shall be an image review from me! Arconning (talk) 06:17, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- File:Dam by SB19 cover art.jpg - Fair use
- File:SB19 on stage at the Pagtatag! World Tour, 2023 (cropped).jpg - CC BY 2.0
- File:SB19 - Dam (music video screenshot).jpg - Fair use
- File:SB19 performing Dam at the Bench Body of Work (cropped).png - CC BY 2.0
- Most of the images have alt-text besides the music video image, that needs to be fixed.
- All of the images are relevant to the article, under proper licensing, and have proper captioning.
- Just the one comment!
- Hi, Arconning! Thank you for doing an image review! I'll let you know if I've made the edits. Relayed (talk • contribs) 09:54, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, once again, Arconning! I have added an alt-text for the music video photo ("Refer to caption", since I believe caption itself is descriptive enough) as per MOS:ALTINCAPTION. Let me know if you have anything else. Relayed (talk • contribs) 15:05, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, Arconning! Thank you for doing an image review! I'll let you know if I've made the edits. Relayed (talk • contribs) 09:54, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
2010 Yazoo City tornado
- Nominator(s): GrenadinesDes (talk) 22:42, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
This article is about the very-long tracked and destructive EF4 tornado that touched down in Louisiana and crossed into Mississippi and tracked over 150 miles overall, killing 10 and injuring 146 others. Since early September, I've been actively renovating and massively improve the article to a way better state then it was when it was made back in July 2024. This is my second attempt on getting this article to FA status so feedback would be much appreciated! GrenadinesDes (talk) 22:42, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
11WB
Lead
"inflicted significant to major destruction" - Reads a bit weird, some areas may not have been affected as badly as others. This can probably be reworded for clearer understanding.
Meteorological setup
"trough" - This needs a link to the article: Trough (meteorology).
"Developing of severe thunderstorms were occurring" - "Development" is probably a better fit here.
"become more elevated" - "more" is redundant as elevated means it is increasing regardless.
"though there were still some uncertainty" - "were" > "was".
"be over the destabilizing warm sector over the lower Mississippi valley" - Double use of "over". This requires rewording.
"Squall line" - Should be linked to squall line.
- Lead:
- Reworded the sentence
- Meteorological Setup:
- added a link to first mention of trough
- replaced developing --> development
- removed "more"
- replaced were --> was
- replaced the second "over" with "spanning"
- linked squall line
- GrenadinesDes (talk) 00:00, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- @GrenadinesDes, would you be able to add your updates under the corresponding section? Thanks! 11WB (talk) 01:26, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- sure GrenadinesDes (talk) 01:31, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- @GrenadinesDes, would you be able to add your updates under the corresponding section? Thanks! 11WB (talk) 01:26, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
Tornado summary
"few miles west of Tallulah." - Missing an "a" at the start.
"downing a couple high-tension power poles" - Missing an "of" in between "couple" and "high-tension".
"and flipping a tractor trailer and injuring the driver." - Change second "and" to a comma.
"Soon, the tornado crossed the Mississippi River into Mississippi." > "The tornado later crossed the..."
"weakened down to" - "down" is redundant.
"substandard" - I initially read this as an opinion of the homes in question. I now understand this to mean it doesn't meet the legal requirements for protection against extreme weather, such as tornadoes and hurricanes. This should be specified within the article.
"two mobile homes were dislodge from their units" - "dislodge" should be "dislodged".
"A 31-year-old mother here was killed after shielding her three children underneath a mattress, who survived the tornado." - Did the mother and 3 children survive, or just the children/mother?
"were dislodge and rolled off their units." - "dislodged".
"hardwood trees was snapped and debarked." - "were".
"couple of mobile homes were destroyed," - Missing an "a" at the start.
"forward speed" - What does this mean?
"poorly built"/"constructed" - I feel this may edge into WP:NPOV slightly. I am unfamiliar with specific WP:WPTC wording guidelines, so this may be acceptable.
I feel that referenced tornadoes should actually be linked per WP:PLA and WP:NWFCTM.
"with being noted that surveyors" - This is missing a word. Possibly "it"?
"the damage in Choctaw County with yet to be determined on whether or not it was one continuous tornado." - "with yet" and the preceding words reads a bit off. This sentence needs rewording.
- adds in the "a"
- I think you mean "of" should be in between "couple" and "high-tension"
- reworded the sentence to the suggested one.
- redundancy removed
- I used the word "substandard", I was trying to keep myself from using "poorly-built" too much, substandard is just mean the construction quality wasn't that great compared to the average home, though I will replace the word though.
- made dislodge past tense
- the mother died but the children lived, I've added a little clarification to not cause confusion
- replaced was ---> were
- adds in the "a"
- forward speed is how fast an object, or tornado here, moves across the ground, like a racing car moving at 55 mph.
- when it comes to structures being destroyed in tornadoes, if the structures gets rated EF3 or below, its an indication that the structure was poorly-built or has massive issues that led to its failure.
- I assume you're referring to tornadoes that get brought up throughout the article, they get linked
- yep "it" was missing
- reworded
- GrenadinesDes (talk) 01:01, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
Case studies
This can probably be in its own section.
"The estimated timber damage inflicted from the tornado were up to $19 million," - "was".
"with the study nothing that," - "nothing" should be "noting".
The second paragraph has text from the paper used with the CC BY 4.0 licence. For the purposes of an FAC, I think there is an expectance that this would be summarised in our own words. This is also true for the third paragraph.
- Now its own section
- Changed were ---> were
- fixed typo
- tried my best with explaining them in my own words. GrenadinesDes (talk) 01:58, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
Impacts and aftermath
The first paragraph is very much a statistic dump. These can be spread out into the following paragraphs, which each focus on a specific area the tornado hit.
Third paragraph. Make sure ref numbers are in the correct numerical order.
"the residents in Eagle Bend might've not heard the sirens anyways since the closest one to the town was 4 miles (6.4 km) away" - This is very poorly written. We don't use contractions per MOS:CONTRACT. "Anyways" is not encyclopaedic.
- Broke up the first paragraph to new paragraphs
- Was a little confused by what this meant initially but I think I manage to fix it.
- Reworded and redid the statement, I believe "regardless" is more encyclopedic. GrenadinesDes (talk) 02:15, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
Response
Long enough to be its own section.
"placed in" - Not the best way of saying this.
"beginning from Tuesday, April 27 to Friday, April 30" - "from" is redundant.
There is a slight WP:REFBOMB in the third paragraph. Are four sources necessary here?
"that were capable in search and rescue operations." - "in" > "of".
This section is quite long. I understand featured articles require more detail, however this section is contributing to the quite large word count of about 8,500. This can be trimmed without losing too much I think.
- Turned into its own section
- replaced words
- removed redundancy
- Spread out the sources
- replaced word
- trimmed it down a little, but I'm kinda reluctant to do it since I really did a lot work on it. GrenadinesDes (talk) 04:04, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- The word length is less than 10,000–so this shouldn't be an issue. Everything else is fine here. ✔ 11WB (talk) 17:53, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
Recovery
"After the tornado, majority of the spilled materials at the Complex Chemical plant" - Missing an "a" before majority.
"which were rebuilt to include a truck loading area." - "was".
"residents planning to rebuild their destroyed homes have to abide by the new construction guidelines" - Written in present tense, per MOS:TENSE this needs to be changed to past tense. So "have" to "had".
"every given year." - Meaning?
"almost 69.1 million tons of debris were removed across five counties," - "was".
Some of the sentences are quite long and should be split up for easier reading.
"90% of the damaged homes in Yazoo City was repaired and rebuilt," - "were".
The "Depiction in media" paragraph needs to be split up into shorter sentences.
- Added the "a"
- replaced every were --> was
- changed to past tense
- Every year, theres a chance a high chance of a 100 year flood considering the topography of the region.
- Split up paragraphs
- I don't really see the problem with depiction of media, it seems fine. GrenadinesDes (talk) 04:24, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- The topography should be explained for the unfamiliar reader. Otherwise this is fine. ✔ 11WB (talk) 17:55, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- Tried my best with adding more details to the explanation @11WB GrenadinesDes (talk) 23:18, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
Later tornadoes
"with buildings having their windows blown out and a siding from a building was torn off." - This reads weirdly. I think removing "was" should fix this.
"Afterwards, the tornado damaged or torn off roofs from homes and businesses," - Why "or"?
"before quickly traversing into Yazoo County, quickly intensifying to high-end EF1 strength," - Double use of "quickly".
"The tornado widen south of Yazoo City" - Should that be "widened"?
- These are all relatively minor and can be taken care of with simple copy editing. I have a minor concern about a lack of links to other articles, basically the opposite of WP:SEAOFBLUE (see MOS:CONTEXTLINK). If there is an article for a meteorological term, it should be linked to for the benefit of the unfamiliar reader. I will do a source check soon. 11WB (talk) 00:20, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Removed "was"
- removed "damaged or" and replaced torn --> tore
- Removed second quickly
- Made it past tense
- GrenadinesDes (talk) 04:43, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for the quick response time @GrenadinesDes! I will begin the source review soon. I may be able to start it today dependent on time, and no later than next week! 11WB (talk) 09:09, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
References
Verifiability checks
Ref 3: Some of the information is verified. However, there is no mention of Weir or Yazoo City and the $ figure is not present. ✖
Ref 12: This seems to confirm everything but the mph. ✖
Ref 28: This is included two other references, so I am unsure what exactly this is verifying from the text. ✖
Ref 32: Information in the sources seems to be quite general. Unsure what this is verifying.
Ref 40: This is fine. ✔
Ref 51: Seems to be accurate. ✔
Ref 55: This is fine. (Inline ref needs "|url-access=registration".) ✔
Ref 60: This is fine. ✔
Ref 70: Able to verify this through archive URL. ✔
Ref 72: Source says "about 20", so the number was approximate, not definite. ✖
- This is mostly fine, just some minor details that need further verification. 11WB (talk) 14:54, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Ref 3: added sources that mentions Weir and YC, and the figure was a WP:CALC estimation.
- Ref 12: The source does include the forward speed, its in the text data on U3:24/12:21 PM
- Ref 28: Replaced one of the source with a better one.
- Ref 32: Its verifying what the tornado did in Oktibbeha County
- Ref 55: added the url registration GrenadinesDes (talk) 16:14, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
Reliability checks
Ref 16: This is a manufacturing website. I am unsure why they would be reliable for weather events.
Ref 30: Foster's Daily Democrat says they are politically biased. WP:BIASED says: "When dealing with a potentially biased source, editors should consider whether the source meets the normal requirements for reliable sources, such as editorial control, a reputation for fact-checking, and the level of independence from the topic the source is covering."
Ref 42, 76: This is a government domain, but it is a blog. This falls under WP:SPS. I'm not seeing any editorial policies. Why are they reliable?
Ref 43-44, 49: Unsure of the reliability of these Journal sites. I am not seeing any editorial policies.
Ref 46: This does not fill me with much confidence. The web page looks to be very generic. Why is this reliable?
Ref 47: This is a company according to their about page. Why is this used?
- Overall, the sources are mostly reliable. The above are some that may not be the best for an FAC. 11WB (talk) 15:00, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Ref 16: Well in the article, it talks about the damage done to the chemical plant impacted.
- Ref 30: I don't really see anything biased in the article and its in line with other informations
- Ref 42 and 76: Trina George has an extensive educational background and was the state director for USDA Miss.
- https://magnoliatribune.com/2024/08/04/meet-usda-rural-development-mississippi-state-director-dr-trina-n-george/
- Ref 43-44 & 49: secondary source backs up the first 2 sources https://www.wlbt.com/story/12387436/hundreds-filed-tornado-damage-insurance-claims/ https://www.reuters.com/article/world/uk/mississippi-counts-cost-of-storms-that-killed-10-idUSTRE63P697/. A local, secondary source partially backing up the 3rd source https://www.ksla.com/story/12371362/storms-leave-path-of-destruction-from-la-to-al/.
- Ref 46: Generic ≠ unreliable, and its a local news website
- Ref 47: I don't really see how that makes it unreliable
- @11WB GrenadinesDes (talk) 17:24, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Are we able to get some more information about ref 46? 11WB (talk) 17:37, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- I just now realized the article was made by the power company for Yazoo City, I can't find other sources but thats likely due to the fact the power company is a very local one rather than a more widespread one. GrenadinesDes (talk) 19:12, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- @11WB GrenadinesDes (talk) 19:19, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Interesting. That may explain the generic look of the site. I'll take a proper look at this again tomorrow or later in the week, as I'm about to go (mostly) offline. 11WB (talk) 19:23, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- @11WB Is this passable now? GrenadinesDes (talk) 11:16, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- Interesting. That may explain the generic look of the site. I'll take a proper look at this again tomorrow or later in the week, as I'm about to go (mostly) offline. 11WB (talk) 19:23, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- @11WB GrenadinesDes (talk) 19:19, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- I just now realized the article was made by the power company for Yazoo City, I can't find other sources but thats likely due to the fact the power company is a very local one rather than a more widespread one. GrenadinesDes (talk) 19:12, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Are we able to get some more information about ref 46? 11WB (talk) 17:37, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
Ref 16: This is probably fine then. ✔
Ref 30: This is fine. ✔
Ref 42, 76: If they are subject matter experts, then citing them is acceptable. ✔
Ref 43-44, 49: It would be a good idea to use those sources too. ✔
Ref 46: I've had a look and this is only verifiable through the company's own WP:PRIMARY source. This, I believe, is WP:UNDUE and should be removed.
Ref 47: This is actually a WAPT article, can the original URL be found?
- Courtesy pinging @GrenadinesDes. 11WB (talk) 12:19, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- Removed Ref 46
- For Ref 47: I'm struggling to find the original URL for the article, it most likely got deleted. I don't know if it's on the Internet Archive since that website is blocked on my school laptop but I'll check later on my phone. GrenadinesDes (talk) 13:29, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- I don't think the original URL exist, seems like it didn't archived @11WB GrenadinesDes (talk) 16:23, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
Images
The first image in the Meteorological setup section is causing text placement issues with the infobox. Per MOS:IMAGELOC this image should be placed on the right, so that the text is on the left, rather than in the centre, where it currently is.
- Fixed GrenadinesDes (talk) 20:46, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- @11WB GrenadinesDes (talk) 20:46, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- Tentative support: I'm happy to give early support to this article becoming featured. I would like to know what more experienced weather editors think of it though. I'll keep tabs on this candidacy. The article is definitely improved, so there shouldn't be any issues. Best of luck to you, @GrenadinesDes. 11WB (talk) 16:48, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
Williams Cone
This article is about a small volcano and the youngest cinder cone in the Desolation Lava Field of British Columbia, Canada. It's kinda short but that's to be expected for an article about a minor landform. For example, see the article about Eve Cone which is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) northwest of Williams Cone. Volcanoguy 17:43, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
Richard Thomas Glyn
This article is about a Victorian-era British Army officer. Glyn spent most of his career with the 24th Regiment and made a bit of a name for himself during the 9th Cape Frontier War. While commanding his regiment in the Anglo-Zulu War he was badly affected by the losses suffered at the Battle of Isandlwana and experienced a mental breakdown; he escaped being made a scapegoat for the defeat, partly because of his wife's intervention. He went on to command a brigade during the second, successful, invasion that won the war for the British but this was his last active service; he survived just long enough to wave his regiment off for service in the Second Boer War. The article has recently passed a MILHIST A-class assessment - Dumelow (talk) 17:33, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Image review buidhe kindly noted that their image review made during the MILHIST ACR could be reused here - Dumelow (talk) 17:36, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
Support by Nick-D
This is a very interesting article, especially as it provides a snapshot of the military forces and personnel that built and sustained the British Empire (and without glamorising them). I have only the following comments:
- "and was afterwards posted on garrison duty across the British Empire" - was Glyn moved around as part of this? There's currently no details on how or when he went from India to Malta
- There's a history of the regiment from 1892 that I had originally discounted because of its age and being written by its own officers but I think it should be OK for detail on its postings which I can't source elsewhere. Added some info, including an interesting snippet of service during the Fenian Rising.
- "across the border in nearby Spain" - 'nearby' doesn't seem necessary
- Removed
- "Chelmsford was concerned about the forces of two Zulu chiefs, Matshana kaMondisa of the Sithole clan and Matshana kaSitshakuza of the Mchunu clan, who he thought were gathering a force" - repetition of 'force' in the same sentence
- Good spot, removed "the forces of", which I didn't think was necessary
- "outbreak of disease" - can you say what disease(s)?
- "By the end of April, Glyn was at Dundee" - specify that this is the town in South Africa rather than the much better known one in Scotland.
- Good point, added ", Natal"
- Do we know when/if Glyn recovered from his depression following Isandlwana? The first para of the 'second invasion' section suggests he was still not fully effective as a military commander.
- I don't think so but I can't find too much commentary on his behaviour during the second invasion, I assume he sort of slotted back into a subordinate role under Chelmsford without a great deal to do. Greaves (2012) has "Glyn never recovered from losing his regiment at Isandlwana" and Greaves & Knight (2006) on his retirement has "a sad and stooped little man, Glyn's remaining years were overshadowed by the memory of his lost family on the rocky slopes of Isandlwana". I've summarised in the article as "In retirement Glyn lived in Mortimer Common in Berkshire, his final years were gloomy, haunted by the memory of Isandlwana." but happy to hear suggestion - Dumelow (talk) 12:06, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- "Glyn was promoted to major-general on 30 September 1882" - no duties associated with this are noted: was it essentially an honorific?
- Do any sources discuss Glyn as a person during the last decades of his life in the UK? It must have been a significant change returning to the country after living for most of his life overseas. Nick-D (talk) 01:09, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
Support Those changes look good, and I'm happy to support this nomination. Nick-D (talk) 07:42, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
AA
*Putting a placeholder here. I'll review over the coming days. AA (talk) 20:52, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
Lead
- To avoid ambiguity in the lead, could "general rank" perhaps be linked to his substantiative rank?
Early career
- Is there any information on how or where he was educated?
- Two uses of "with his regiment" in consecutive sentences. Could this be reworded to avoid repetition?
- The mention of the burial of his sons on Malta is quite sudden, and prior to this there is no mention of their deaths. Might it be possible to introduce this to the reader in a sentence or two before, briefly describing how they died?
Cape Colony
- "and led expeditions that lasted up to ten days at a time" → "and led expeditions lasting up to ten days at a time"
9th Cape Frontier War
- Nothing to add here. Can't see any standout issues with structure or grammar. The section adequately and concisely details Glyn's role in the war.
Anglo-Zulu War
- Link Baron Chelmsford to Viscount Chelmsford.
- "...gave Glyn command of his No. 3 Column." Could "his" be dropped here? No worries if not, might be the proper military lingo!
First invasion
- "On 24 January the Natal Native Contingent at the post mutinied." The NNC abbreviation can be used here.
- "Effete" is a very niche word, I wonder if linking it to the Wiktionary definition might be beneficial? (wiktionary:effete).
Second invasion
- 2 → two, per WP:MOS.
- "Glyn had returned to Natal by 26 August..." not sure "had" is needed here.
Later career and death
- "In retirement Glyn lived in Mortimer Common in Berkshire, his final years were gloomy, haunted by the memory of Isandlwana". This might be better served with a semicolon after "Berkshire".
- Do we know when he moved just over the county border to Hampshire?
Footnotes
- Some brilliant footnotes here, that would be useful for several of my Hampshire cricketers who purchased commissions!
- Could the equivalents be updated to 2026 values?
References
- Ref 19 needs a Wayback Machine archive link.
Bibliography
- Bruce and Paton et al. need |via=Internet Archive adding to them, plus |url-access=registration.
Categories
- As comprehensive as they can be! I have added Category:Burials in Surrey.
Images
- File:Richard Thomas Glyn.jpg needs |alt= added to the infobox.
- All other images used in the main body need |alt= added as well.
- Fair use rationale seems to check out for all the images used, with appropriate tags.
@Dumelow: Please find my review above. An interesting read and a rather tragic man. It would seem toward the end of his career, the bad things that had happened to him began to overwhelm him, with his "survivors" guilt from his absence at Isandlwana tipping him over the edge. AA (talk) 12:15, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
Antigoneia (Syria)
- Nominator(s): ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 18:37, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
The latest in a series of articles about ancient (and inevitably abandoned) cities in Asia to come to FAC, following Ai-Khanoum and Boukephala and Nikaia. This one was established for strategic regions by one of Alexander the Great's successors in Syria. Its glory days were undoubtedly majestic, but equally undoubtedly short-lived—only six years!—before its founder was killed, its prominence obliterated, and its population deported to a new city next door. My thanks for the GA review go to A.Cython; if successful, this nomination will be used in the WikiCup. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 18:37, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
Image review by JacobTheRox
- Feel free to disagree with my comments as always
- File:Diadoch.png
- Public domain by author's release.
- The caption should have some kind of punctuation regarding the
{{circa}}, probably eitherA map of the territories of the Diadochi, c. 303 BCorA map of the territories of the Diadochi (c. 303 BC)- Added
- Is there no other image you could include? The fact there's only a map leaves an interesting article otherwise a bit... bland. I can't see any on commons; are there no diagrams of city layouts or contemporaneous maps or depictions of leaders that are in the public domain?
- Unfortunately (because we don't know where the city is) I can't put any pictures of ruins or layouts. We don't have any definite images of Antigonus I either. I suppose it could have an image of Seleucus, or Seleucia Pieria where its inhabitants were deported to. What do you think? ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 14:35, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- How about a multiple image of Lysimachus and Seleucus I Nicator either at the start of "Fall" or the paragraph before? Putting some faces to people is always nice in a history article. JacobTheRox(talk | contributions) 14:51, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Done with pleasure. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 15:03, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Brilliant. Image review is a
Pass then; I eagerly await the source review. JacobTheRox(talk | contributions) 16:42, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Brilliant. Image review is a
- Done with pleasure. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 15:03, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
Other comments by JacobTheRox
- Currently Antigoneia is a redirect to Antigonia. Why isn't it the name of this article per WP:NATURAL. I suppose they may be too similar, and it's not relevant for the FAC, but I thought you'd be the person to ask.
- I think too similar, yes.
- Second to this, why is "(Syria)" a disambiguator rather than the nicer looking "Antigoneia, Syria"?
- I believe to be WP:CONSISTENT with other articles in the topic area, e.g. Antigonia (Chaonia) or Antigonia (Paeonia).
- Remove duplicated link to Macedonian Empire
- Done.
- The article is only around 1000 words, of which over a quarter is the lead and introduction to the empire / regional history. That doesn't seem very in-depth for a FA – is that a limit imposed by the available source material? I am aware that the sources you've used are more general historical coverage so the detail may just not exist.
- Unfortunately, an undiscovered city with six years of peak existence built by someone whom his successors preferred to quickly and forcibly forget just doesn't have that much going for it. If it was found, you'd have archaeological, topographical, cultural, economical, etc. analysis (see Ai-Khanoum) but it's not, so we don't.
- I think that's all I have. The article is a nice read but just a little short and only has one image. I look forward to reading other reviewers' comments. JacobTheRox(talk | contributions) 20:14, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- P.S. My article Robert Jacomb-Hood is at FAC at the moment; feel free to drop by!
- Thanks very much for the comments JacobTheRox; I'll try to drop by soon. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 14:35, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Further drive by comments
- JacobTheRox(talk | contributions) 18:26, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- I would consider using
{{refbegin}}and{{refend}}for the sources section to make it a little bit cleaner and more academic. - What do you think about adding a see also section and portal links?
- I've added the refbegin/refend, but I don't think it makes much difference. I can't see a suitable portal, and I can't think of much that would fit in a see also section. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 11:44, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for the replies. Support. JacobTheRox(talk | contributions) 17:36, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
Drive-by comments from Noleander
- Wording: "Seleucus ensured Antigoneia's erasure by transferring its population to his own foundations at Seleucia Pieria and Antioch..." The word "foundations" caught me off guard. To my USA ears, foundation as a noun means a building support or a charity. I suppose here it means "a city that Seleucus founded"? Consider re-wording so more readers get the gist.
- I see that the word is also used here: "... through settlement foundation. It was natural that occupying Antigoneia would not fully suit his purposes—founding a new city and destroying the previous foundation would be far more prestigious. Seleucus may have considered his defeated enemy's choice of location to his own at Antioch, which had a superior water supply, was situated in more fertile lands, and was closer to the sea. Legends of Antioch's foundation record that ..." The 1st and 3rd usages here are sorta verb-ish, and make sense. The middle usage is a concrete or rock structure that a building rests upon (to my ears :-) Noleander (talk) 23:30, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Noleander! The term "foundation" is, as you note, somewhat antiquated, with the study of the foundations of Alexander the Great dating almost as far back to the time of the American Founding Fathers. The meaning is the same for both cities and America—it is the first establishment that is being referred to. Unfortunately, the term is now so intimately associated with the topic area (besides having a meaning, relating to the very initial decision and acts to establish a city, which is not quite replicated by any other word) that I think removing it in the first instance would be a mistake, but I have rephrased the second. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 14:48, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Placeholder. MSincccc (talk) 11:41, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- As an initial comment, I would suggest adding the relevant language template ("Use... English"). MSincccc (talk) 12:09, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Done MSincccc. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 15:14, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- Description
- We could link to administrative centre on first mention.
- A series of wars soon broke out among them Do we need "soon"?
- His authority over the region was however not recognised How about His authority over the region, however, was not recognised ? MSincccc (talk) 12:14, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Done the first; I think the others are better unchanged. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 22:14, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
A.Cython
Murder of Stephanie Scott
- Nominator(s): SnowyRiver28 (talk) 00:22, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
This article is about the 2015 murder of a school teacher in a small town in regional New South Wales, Australia. This is my first GA, DYK and FAC, so any extra feedback or tips would be much appreciated:) SnowyRiver28 (talk) 00:22, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Pinging GA and Peer Review editors: @Sophisticatedevening @HurricaneZeta SnowyRiver28 (talk) 00:27, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
Drive by
- All online sources should have archives, some of them do not.
- Instead of using the url "illawarramercury.com.au." use the name of the website/company.
- A lot of the things in the website parameters can be wikilinked.
- None of the images have alt text.
Sophisticatedevening(talk) 00:43, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for your comments! I've fixed the URL title for that reference and added alt text to all images. I've run the ArchiveBot several times but it's left some references without archives; do I manually find and add them? And what do you mean by website parameters? Is this the wiki pages for the references? SnowyRiver28 (talk) 01:42, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yes, you can go to https://web.archive.org/ and use the wayback machine to manually get the url and dates for each one IAbot didn't get; it might help (if you use Chrome) to install the Wayback Machine extension to speed up the process. What I meant by website parameters was going back into references and finding the |website=The Sydney Morning Herald and turning it into |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]], doing so for all of them that don't already have it. Sophisticatedevening(talk) 01:51, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks, I've added archives for all sources that can be archived and wikilinked each publisher. SnowyRiver28 (talk) 10:19, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yes, you can go to https://web.archive.org/ and use the wayback machine to manually get the url and dates for each one IAbot didn't get; it might help (if you use Chrome) to install the Wayback Machine extension to speed up the process. What I meant by website parameters was going back into references and finding the |website=The Sydney Morning Herald and turning it into |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]], doing so for all of them that don't already have it. Sophisticatedevening(talk) 01:51, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- Don't use fixed px size
- File:Vincent_Stanford_mugshot_2016.jpg is mistagged. Nikkimaria (talk) 03:12, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks, both fixed. SnowyRiver28 (talk) 08:30, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
Icepinner
- Why is the author for [1] and [21] listed as "Press, Australian Associated"?
- Retitled all instances to 'Australian Associated Press'. SnowyRiver28 (talk) 09:49, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Why does [6] have "Australian Broadcasting Corporation"? The other ABC News citations format the website as "ABC News"
- Fixed. SnowyRiver28 (talk)
- What makes Illawarra Mercury a high-quality reliable source?
- I've swapped this for a better source. SnowyRiver28 (talk) 09:49, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- The article uses The Daily Telegraph (Sydney); what makes it a high-quality reliable source when editors on WP:RSN think that it is unreliable?
- Removed. SnowyRiver28 (talk) 09:49, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Any ISSNs available for the sources with no ISSNs?
- I've added ISSNs for the sources I was able to find them for. Not sure about the others but I'm assuming not every source has an ISSN? SnowyRiver28 (talk) 09:49, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- The "Legacy" section seems to be rather short, with half of the paragraphs being one-line sentences; they should be consolidated into one paragraph imo.
- "Scott's murder continues to have an impact, and has been noted to have caused a 'national awakening' to gendered violence." Who said that her murder caused a "national awakening" to gendered violence? Looking at the source, it seems that ABC News wrote that in a section title, but this comment seems to have come from an activist interviewed by ABC News. Also, how was there a "national awakening" to gendered violence? The current phrasing seems to be weasel words (for a lack of a phrase, sorry).
- "The Leeton community continues to carry the grief of Scott's murder" this seems to go against MOS:RECENT.
- I agree with this and your above point. I've removed them both for the moment but I'll try and think of a better phrasing for the continued grief statement. SnowyRiver28 (talk) 09:49, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- "One day before what would have been Scott's 28th birthday, on 13 October 2016, Stanford was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment for aggravated sexual assault and life imprisonment for murder.[8][23][24][25]" this seems to be WP:OVERCITE.
- I've removed two of the citations that affirmed the same thing so there's just two citations there now. SnowyRiver28 (talk) 09:49, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
Icepinner (Come to Hakurei Shrine!) 07:00, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments from JacobTheRox
- Feel free to disagree with my comments and sorry if I've repeated any from above.
- The paragraphs in the lead are 3 sentences each and in my opinion are quite short for FA; I think more detail could be added or it converted to two longer paragraphs.
- I've expanded the lead with more info, it's now four paragraphs. Let me know if you think this enough or more is needed. SnowyRiver28 (talk) 23:25, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Fix cite order to [1][5] not [5][1]
- The source does not bring light to the fact that Stanford's upbringing was normal in light of his father's having left them, so I would say the current wording could be seen as OR. I would suggest you remove "Despite his father abandoning the family"
- Agreed and removed. SnowyRiver28 (talk) 23:25, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- "Stanford's flouting of rules was a clear "red flag" – is there more detail as to what he had done earlier, and if so, why the company don't think it was a concern? Did they ever know?
- Added detail on the rules he was given and broke. SnowyRiver28 (talk) 23:25, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Fix cite order to [8][10] not [10][8]
- Fix cite order to [8][12] not [12][8]
- Add comma after "later that evening,"
- All citations above and below fixed and comma added. SnowyRiver28 (talk) 23:25, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Fix disambiguation link to ute – I'm also unsure what this means, which would help if I could hover over a bluelink
- Sorry, I should've caught that it was a disambig link when I added it as per a previous suggestion here. Fixed SnowyRiver28 (talk) 23:25, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- As the quote from the tape is multiple short sentences it would be clearer to put "in a videotaped police interview" beforehand.
- Fixed SnowyRiver28 (talk) 23:25, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Is it known where in the quite graphic sequence of his crime at what point she was actually dead? If not that might be worth mentioning and if so please add it in the right place
- Yes, it's in the court judgement. I've added it to the appropriate place. SnowyRiver28 (talk) 23:25, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- The plural of medium is media, not mediums.
- Fixed. SnowyRiver28 (talk) 23:25, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Fix cite order to [8][21][22] not [21][8][22]
- "One day before what would have been Scott's 28th birthday" – does the alignment with her birthday add encyclopaedic value; if it is merely for the emotional touch it should not be included.
- Agreed and removed. SnowyRiver28 (talk) 23:25, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- The article is missing a reactions section; surely this was brought to national attention and relevant people commented, both when she went missing and during/after the trial.
- The article is well written and most my comments are just prose suggestions but I feel like it lacks the depth of an FA. I read Disappearance of Natalee Holloway and Soham murders, the former of which is FA, and they seem much more detailed and encyclopaedic. I think there is definitely FA potential but I'm not ready to support at this point. JacobTheRox(talk | contributions) 15:56, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- P.S. My own article is on FAC here if you are interested in dropping by!
Copyvio from Watagwaan
Hello, I hope all is well! This is just a quick look on Copyvio to save some time down the line.
- Copyvio score is 26.5%, which is pretty good! The majority stems from the Sydney Morning Herald source (This one: [1]) although I'm pretty positive this is just of similar words used in both articles. There's only so many words you can use.
Will probably look into the article more later! For now, take care! I hope this goes on to become featured. Watagwaan (talk) 03:56, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Partridge, Emma (11 October 2016). "Depraved actions of a killer Vincent Stanford after 'cold-blooded and merciless' murder of Stephanie Scott". The Sydney Morning Herald. ISSN 0312-6315. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
Volcanoguy
Hello there! Thought I'd take a look at this since I have an open FAC of my own.
Is there any information about Scott's life prior to her murder? Birth year, education, etc.
Scott's disappearance sparked a large search effort, involving local police, SES volunteers, local sporting clubs and members of the wider Riverina community.[5][3] – The citations are out of order.
Overall, the article seems well-written, comprehensive and well-researched. Volcanoguy 15:38, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for having a look. I’ve fixed the citation order and I’ll endeavour to find some more info on Scott and add it to the background when I get the chance. SnowyRiver28 (talk) 12:02, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
The Dance of Anitra
- Nominator(s): Usernameunique (talk) 01:54, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
The 1909 statuette The Dance of Anitra witnesses the intersection of four themes. It shows the work of the English sculptor Edith Maryon shortly before she left for Dornach to join Rudolf Steiner's anthroposophical movement. It shows the Canadian dancer Maud Allan at the height of her flash-in-the-pan, and fleeting, success: eighteen months of sold-out shows at London's Palace Theatre, and cultural status as fashion icon and sex symbol—not to mention, affairs with a duke and the Prime Minister's wife. It shows the desert tribeswoman Anitra as she seduces the titular rake in Peer Gynt. It shows a performance to some of the most famous music composed by Edvard Grieg. And, of course, it's just a striking piece.
I created this article last November after it emerged at auction from more than a century of obscurity. It recently passed a good-article review (thanks, CounterpointStitch and MSincccc), and is ready to be reviewed here. --Usernameunique (talk) 01:54, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Background
- then studied art upon her return
- Do we need "upon her return"?
- Removed. --Usernameunique (talk) 18:49, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Do we need "upon her return"?
- Maryon exhibited little if at all after 1912.
- How about "Maryon exhibited little after 1912"?
- The "if at all" is to point out that she may have had no exhibitions at all after that time; there are none that I'm aware of. --18:50, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- How about "Maryon exhibited little after 1912"?
- for the first time, in Germany.
- You could drop the comma after "time"?
- Revised to in 1912 travelled to Germany to meet the anthroposophist Rudolf Steiner for the first time. --Usernameunique (talk) 18:51, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- You could drop the comma after "time"?
- In 1914, she travelled to Dornach
- You could drop the frontal comma after "1914" since it's British English.
- Done. --Usernameunique (talk) 18:51, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- You could drop the frontal comma after "1914" since it's British English.
MSincccc (talk) 08:43, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Description
- None for now.
- Themes
- was made around the same time and was perhaps larger
- Could the repetition of was be avoided?
- Dropped the second. --18:52, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Could the repetition of was be avoided?
- this intimate rendering indicates there was a close relationship or at the very least an understanding
- How about "at least" in place of "at the very least"?
- This is from a direct quotation, else I would agree. --Usernameunique (talk) 18:53, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- How about "at least" in place of "at the very least"?
MSincccc (talk) 13:45, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Themes
- represents a fifth-category work by Maryon
- What does "fifth-category" work mean in this context?
- These are outlined in the background section on Maryon: These works, according to her biographer Rex Raab [de], tended to fall into five categories: first, the world of external physical being; second, references to the elemental world; third, motifs from the spiritual world; fourth, spiritual–allegorical works; and fifth, a combination of emotional and spiritual aspects. --Usernameunique (talk) 16:43, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- What does "fifth-category" work mean in this context?
- Another such example is Maryon's 1911 work
- You could drop "such".
- Done. --Usernameunique (talk) 16:40, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- You could drop "such".
- According to Dreweatts, while writing about The Dance of Anitra, "While there is little
- Could we avoid the first "while" since it occurs in the quote?
- Done. --Usernameunique (talk) 16:39, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Could we avoid the first "while" since it occurs in the quote?
- These had their genesis in a relief created by Maryon
- How about These originated in a relief created by Maryon, perhaps in early 1919, depicting
- Also, you could link to relief.
- Done (on both counts). --Usernameunique (talk) 16:41, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc (talk) 16:33, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks very much, MSincccc. Responses above. --Usernameunique (talk) 16:43, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- The other, titled The Passing of Winter—Miss Maude Allan as Spring, was made around the same time and perhaps larger; it was pictured in Academy Architecture in 1909,[77][78] and exhibited at the Forty-first Autumn Exhibition at the Walker Art Gallery from 23 September 1911 to 6 January 1912, priced at £200 (equivalent to £28,000 in 2024[a]).
- This one could be split. MSincccc (talk) 08:18, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- The reason for the semicolon is because the second part is about the date of exhibition (1909; 1911–1912), which supports where the first part says was made around the same time. --Usernameunique (talk) 14:39, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- This one could be split. MSincccc (talk) 08:18, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Provenance
- termed the work "graceful"
- How about A review in The Era described the work as "graceful" ?
- Done. --Usernameunique (talk) 14:39, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- How about A review in The Era described the work as "graceful" ?
- A column published in the Acton Gazette and Middlesex County Times
- We could drop "published".
- You're right, that's better. Done. --Usernameunique (talk) 14:40, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- We could drop "published".
- although it did not sell during the exhibition.
- How about dropping "during the exhibition"?
- Done. --Usernameunique (talk) 14:41, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- How about dropping "during the exhibition"?
- The International Studio printed a photograph of the statuette
- How is it different from "publishing" a photograph?
- None that I can think of. Changed to "published". --Usernameunique (talk) 14:41, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- How is it different from "publishing" a photograph?
MSincccc (talk) 13:58, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Lead
- by the English artist Edith Maryon.
- Maryon's Wikipedia article describes her as a "sculptor". Could we make it so here as well?
- Done. --Usernameunique (talk) 14:07, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- Maryon's Wikipedia article describes her as a "sculptor". Could we make it so here as well?
- Like The Dance of Anitra, these translated the grace and lightness of dance to the sculptural form.
- How about "into the sculptural form"?
- Done. --Usernameunique (talk) 14:08, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- How about "into the sculptural form"?
- Lead seems to be lesser than 400 words, even though I bet it's well more than 300. No issues with it though.
MSincccc (talk) 11:52, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- After another read of the body
- with the former exhibition held during the summer and the latter during the autumn
- How about "with the former exhibition held in the summer and the latter in the autumn"?
- Done. --Usernameunique (talk) 19:25, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- How about "with the former exhibition held in the summer and the latter in the autumn"?
- resolved to centre the anthroposophical movement, and build the Goetheanum as
- Do we need the comma after "and"?
- Removed. --Usernameunique (talk) 19:27, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Do we need the comma after "and"?
- among other works and contributions while there
- Do we need both "works" and "contributions" or am I mistaken in thinking both are the same?
- "Works" was supposed to refer to art and "contributions" to intellectual input, but I suppose the latter can cover both. Removed the former.
- Do we need both "works" and "contributions" or am I mistaken in thinking both are the same?
- and Panama, and back.
- How about "and Panama, before returning"?
- Done. --Usernameunique (talk) 19:31, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- How about "and Panama, before returning"?
- The performance facilitated an introduction to Alfred Butt, the manager of London's Palace Theatre, which in turn facilitated a two-week residency there.
- We could avoid repeating "facilitated".
- That's an intentional choice to highlight the line of events, but if it seems clunky I can take it out. --Usernameunique (talk) 19:48, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- We could avoid repeating "facilitated".
- as she performs the seductive dance which emphasises
- "which" → "that" (defining clause)
- Agreed, but this is part of a quotation. --Usernameunique (talk) 19:28, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- "which" → "that" (defining clause)
MSincccc (talk) 10:30, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Bottom line
- That's all from me. I've made a couple of minor revisions; the rest of the article is fine as it is. Hence, I will support the nomination. Good luck. MSincccc (talk) 06:09, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thank very much, MSincccc. --Usernameunique (talk) 23:09, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Noleander
- Overall, the aesthetics of the article are nice: good images; good section sizes.
- Clarify: "...the sculpture represents a fifth-category work by Maryon..." can the article define "fifth-category work"?
- This is in the background section on Maryon: These works, according to her biographer Rex Raab [de], tended to fall into five categories: first, the world of external physical being; second, references to the elemental world; third, motifs from the spiritual world; fourth, spiritual–allegorical works; and fifth, a combination of emotional and spiritual aspects. --Usernameunique (talk) 18:05, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Wording: "As termed by Dreweatts, it represents Maryon's ..." "Termed" doesn't seem ideal there.
- Now To Dreweatts, ... --Usernameunique (talk) 17:17, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Image copyrights? I'm not a copyright expert, but I notice that images such as this one have a single license from the photographer. Don't images of sculptures also require a free-to-use explanation for the artwork itself? I have seen photos of modern sculptures in Wikipedia, but they are always outdoor sculptures, and those Commons pages always have two free-to-use statements: (a) the photographer's license; and (b) the panorama law of the country, which typically states that images of outdoor buildings & sculptures are free-to-use. But those panorama laws would not apply to a small indoor sculpture like this one. This sculpture may be out of copyright because of its age, but that still needs to be stated in the Commons data.
- This same issue applies to most of the sculpture images in the article.
- Added the additional template "PD-art-70-3d" to these. Maryon died in 1924 (102 years ago), and the sculpture was published in The Studio and The International Studio in 1911, so it's well out of copyright. --Usernameunique (talk) 18:04, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- This same issue applies to most of the sculpture images in the article.
- Alt text: WP:ALT requires the alt text to be worded in a way that visually-impaired users can use screen-reading apps, and the alt text describes the visual content. The Alt text here is not helpful:
- Current alt text: "Colour photograph of The Dance of Anitra"
- Better alt text: "A photograph of a bronze statue, about half meter tall, of a young woman dancing, wearing a knee-length dress."
- Ditto for alt text of all images.
- I've expanded these. Note that per this 2019 RfC (see also this 2024 discussion), alt text is not a FAC requirement. I do agree that it's good practice to include it, although opinions vary on what constitutes useful alt text. WP:ALT, for its part, states that Alternative text should be short, such as "A basketball player" or "Tony Blair shakes hands with George W. Bush", while others prefer more detailed descriptions. --Usernameunique (talk) 18:28, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- The "Background" body text in the article seems unusually large, relative to the body text of the sculpture itself. Normally, the Backtround info is about 5% to 20% of an article. But here it seem to be about 50% to 70% of the article. That might be justified if there were no "main" articles for the background material, but there are main articles in WP already:
- The WP:FACR criterion #4 says the article must "stay focused on the main topic without going into unnecessary detail and uses summary style where appropriate". The way the article stands now, the excess background material looks like it was added to pad the article to make it larger. It is okay for the article to be small ... lots of small articles achieve FA status. I see in the GA review that the same "size of background" issue was raised, and some background material was trimmed at that time .... Consider trimming more.
- I'm certainly not opposed to short articles (see Sutton Hoo Helmet (sculpture)), but here we're dealing with an object at the intersection of four different narratives. The background sections comply with summary style in that they focus on the relevant portions—especially now that (in response to the points made during the GA review) I've cut the article by about a third. --Usernameunique (talk) 22:26, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Citations & sources: look good: they comply with the WP WP:V and WP:CITINGSOURCES guidelines.
- Cite bundling: some sentences have 4 or 5 superscript cites: e.g. The Dance of Anitra is made of bronze.[76][77][78][79][80]. That is kinda ugly. Consider bundling the cites in to a single superscript. Personally, I use Template:Multiref, but there are lots of ways to bundle.
- I've cut down a number of these so that I think there are only two with four cites, and none with five. Perspectives vary on this, but I tend to prefer a different footnote cites for each source. --Usernameunique (talk) 18:48, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Bibliography: The anonymous (no author) sources are intermingled with the sources-with-authors. I suppose that is permitted, but consider separating them into two separate groups. Seems odd to have last names mixed up with the article names. Not required for FA, but something to consider.
- I tend to use two main citation styles. For articles with lots of sources without page ranges (e.g., newspaper articles), I use both short cites and full cites in the "References" section (Robert Kaske#References is an example of this). For articles where most of the sources have page ranges (namely books), I use just short cites. Here, it's on the edge—there are about a dozen newspaper articles (which tend to be the anonymous ones you note), and these could be moved up to the References section. On balance, though, I think it looks better this way. --Usernameunique (talk) 19:31, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- I agree that moving the no-author sources up into the References section is not good. But consider segregating them, as in this article: Bridge#Unknown_author. No big deal, just a suggestion. Noleander (talk) 20:06, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Choreography? Do sources describe the choreography of the dance?
- Not any of which I'm aware. I included all the contemporary sources I could find discussing Allan's performance, and I don't believe the play itself gives any directions. --Usernameunique (talk) 18:58, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Should the quote be paraphrased? the auction house Dreweatts wrote, captures her "charisma, mysticism, movement and sensual stage performance" in the midst of "the seductive dance which emphasises the grace and beauty of Anitra". That's a big quote. WP is an encyclopedia, so the body text should be in the encyclopedia's voice unless there is a good reason a quote is required. See Wikipedia:Quotations. Quotes should be used when the speaker is saying something (a) controversial or contentious; or (b) particularly poetic or unique; or (c) when the exact words used by the speaker are critical.
- There aren't many sources giving interpretive descriptions of the sculpture, and it's nice to include what we can. Given that it's interpretive, however, I agree that we should be clear whose voice the words are in. It now reads: Allan is captured mid-dance. According to the auction house Dreweatts, "The depiction of Maud Allan in this bronze captures the dancer's charisma, mysticism, movement and sensual stage presence as she performs the seductive dance which emphasises the grace and beauty of Anitra". --Usernameunique (talk) 02:26, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- That is all for now. Noleander (talk) 12:22, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for your review, Noleander. Responses above. --Usernameunique (talk) 02:27, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Noleander, just touching base to see if you have any more comments, or might be interested in offering your support. Thanks, --Usernameunique (talk) 18:39, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for your review, Noleander. Responses above. --Usernameunique (talk) 02:27, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments by JacobTheRox
- Feel free to disagree with me and sorry if I've repeated from others' comments
- There are quite a few redlinks – please make sure they are worthy of inclusion. These are:
- The Representative of Humanity
- Salome and the Head
- Rex Raab in the citations. I think if you have an ILL for him in the body there's no point having the redlink in the footnotes. The other way you can do it is delete the first name Rex and just put
{{Interlanguage link|Rex Raab|lt=Raab, Rex|de}}in the last name section. Just be careful this doesn't break sfns though.- Opinions vary on this issue, although the relevant guideline generally favors including red links when the subject is notable and verifiable. The "nutshell" summary of the page states (with emphasis retained) that Red links are for topics that should have articles but do not. They are not only acceptable but also needed in articles. They serve as a clear indication of which articles are in need of creation, and encourage it. Remove red links only if you are certain that Wikipedia should not have an article on that subject. I don't think there's any question that any of the red-linked subjects are both notable and verifiable: The people all have pages on different-language wikis, and the other two are discussed in many sources (there are literal books about The Representative of Humanity, and a bunch of reviews of Salome and the Head). --Usernameunique (talk) 23:31, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- I would use
{{refbegin}}and{{refend}}in the Bibliography as it would appear a lot neater.
- Done. --Usernameunique (talk) 18:56, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- My personal feeling is that some of the background on Peer Gynt is at the point of trivia. The following quote is essentially irrelevant to the sculpture and could be a single sentence:
He is now along the south-west coast of Morocco, and enjoying dinner with four travel companions taken aboard his steam yacht in Gibraltar. Gynt regales his companions with his life's story: In his telling, he was betrothed to a woman "of royal blood", but objected to her father's request that he take a title in order to marry her. He left, made his fortune trading slaves to the Carolinas, and heathen images to China, and then—questioning the morality of these enterprises—used "The last cargo of flesh" to open his own plantation, and operated a dual trade in China, where he sold idols to non-Christians, and goods to Christian missionaries that they then used to barter away the idols.
- I've cut out part of the explanation for how he made his money. The play uses this section to catch the reader up to speed—Act III ended with Peer Gynt leaving his homeland, meaning that everything that happens between then and his appearance in Morocco happens offstage. This section is thus important to learning who the Peer Gynt is who appears before Anitra. In this section, we learn relevant facts including that (a) he is in Morocco, (b) he is still a liar (he didn't object to taking a title; he was run out of town), (c) he is still a cad with little regard for others except in the sense of how they can benefit him. This is the person for whom Anita—at his command—dances. --Usernameunique (talk) 21:26, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'm confused as to whether Anitra's Dance was included in the original Peer Gynt at all, or how it was affected by the alterations made before performance.
- Peer Gynt was originally published as a book. It does't describe the dance in any detail other than that it was performed—rather, we are treated to the woman paeaning Gynt as they dance, and to Gynt's monologue on Anitra's looks. Ibsen seems to have been well aware while writing that actually performing the (long and complicated) play would require some alterations. I imagine that most of these included the dance—the accompanying music is some of Grieg's most famous, after all—but there have been different approaches, and it would be difficult to call any of these performances (as opposed to the written work) the "official" version. --Usernameunique (talk) 21:34, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- There is, in my opinion, a little bit of WP:OVERCITE. For example, "The Dance of Anitra is made of bronze" is not a controversial statement and does not need four citations just because there are four (or more sources) that corroborate it. There are, I imagine, other instances where you are using many citations for a single, non-controversial claim and you could consider cutting down on this.
- The multiple references are really just (a) to give the full range of sources available, and (b) because some sources have multiple versions (e.g., the print/online auction catalogue, and the German/English versions of Selg). I've used the {{sfnm}} template to bundle the latter category, which helps a bit, and means there are no more places with four or more cites in a row. --Usernameunique (talk) 02:53, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- I think the efn is interesting enough to be in the main body.
- Done. --Usernameunique (talk) 19:06, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Use
{{inflation/fn}}when using inflation figures because the price in 2024 is not corroborated by the source. I suggest inserting this before the closing bracket.
- Good thought, added to the three places that use the {{inflation}} template. --Usernameunique (talk) 21:40, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- That's all for now. Based on a successful source review above I will likely support once these issues have been discussed.
- Thanks very much for the review, JacobTheRox. Responses above. --Usernameunique (talk) 02:54, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- P.S. my article Robert Jacomb-Hood is on FAC as well right now. Please consider dropping by!
Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's singles
The women's figure skating event at the 2022 Winter Olympics highlighted everything wrong with women's figure skating: over-the-top drama, abusive coaching, tantrums, epic meltdowns, and a failed drug test. With Johnny Weir providing Russian-to-English translation in real time. The competition results are all sourced and documented, the tables are properly formatted, the background and aftermath are both covered, the sources are properly formatted and archived where possible, and relevant photographs are used. This article was promoted to GA in February 2026. I look forward to any and all constructive feedback and am willing to answer any questions. Thank you so much! Bgsu98 (Talk) 21:32, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
Pinging User:Rhain who did the GA review of this article for me. Bgsu98 (Talk) 21:34, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
Image review by JacobTheRox
- File:Figure skating pictogram.svg – public domain
- The multiple image of the medallists may as well be centred if it's not wrapping text – up to you though.
- I like everything left-justified.
- File:Russian Nationals 2022 Anna Shcherbakova.jpg – CC-BY-SA
- File:Trusova - RusNat 2022 - FS.jpg – CC-BY-SA
- File:Kaori Sakamoto performing her free skate at the 2022 World Figure Skating Championships.jpg – CC-BY-SA
- File:Kamila Valiyeva (RUS) 2022.jpg
- CC-BY-SA
- "...after testing positive for trimetazidine: an anti-doping rule violation.". I think a comma here is more logical than a colon.}}
- I think this image would be better in the section "Kamila Valieva controversy" to illustrate who she is, rather than later in the aftermath.
- The reason it is down further in the article is because the Controversy section is considerably shorter. I'll try relocating the image to see how it looks there. I also shortened the image caption, which at the same time fixes the comma v. colon issue.
- No requirement to add further illustration but an image of the stadium may be visually interesting. No glaring issues so the image review is a pass but please do respond to my minor suggestions. JacobTheRox(talk | contributions) 16:35, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- I have added an image of the arena to the Background section. It forces the small skating infobox down a little, but I think it looks okay.
- * P.S. my article Robert Jacomb-Hood is on FAC as well right now. Please consider dropping by!
- Other drive by comment
- The quote starting "We boundlessly..." then has a citation, ellipsis, then second part of the quote with a second citation. This seems a bit more jumbled than putting both citations at the end.
- There were inconsistencies in the translation of that quote from the original Russian, so the first source confirms the first half of the quote and the second source confirms the second half of the quote.
User:JacobTheRox: Thank you for taking the time to check out my article! I believe I have addressed all of your comments. Bgsu98 (Talk) 18:31, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- I agree,
Pass on the image review and I will make a final judgement once a source review has been completed. JacobTheRox(talk | contributions) 19:51, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
Ollifant
- The lead is kinda short
- The lead doesn't appear to much shorter than, say, at Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Team event. It addresses all of the major elements of the article.
- Keys could be used for the colored columns
- I don't see any colored columns?
- A lot of unnecessary duplication, for example "World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)" appears three times on the page, the acronym doesn't need to be repeated that many times
- I have always tried to follow MOS:REPEATLINK: "Link a term at most once per major section, at first occurrence."
- Can you explain the difference in use between "AP News" and "Associated Press"?
- AP News is the website; Associated Press is the agency which is occasionally cited on other news sites.
- "[Beijing, China]" -> "[Beijing], China"
- Both yield the same result, but I think the first is stylistically more visually appealing. "China" is not actually linked.
- Delink CEO
- I don't care one way or another, but the GA recommended I link it! 😂
- That's what I found ping me when done. Olliefant (she/her) 06:06, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
User:Olliefant: I have tried to address all of your comments. Thank you for taking the time to examine my article. Bgsu98 (Talk) 12:26, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Support Olliefant (she/her) 21:10, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
Lady Sarah Napier
This article is about an interesting figure in the Georgian era. Born into wealth and privilege, her life reflects the trends of the period, including an expanding press who were eager to report on dissolute aristocrats. I hope you enjoy and find it worthy of FA. Ruby2010 (talk) 14:16, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- Captions that aren't complete sentences shouldn't end in periods. Now updated. –Ruby
- File:Sarah_Lennox,_1760_(Francis_Cotes).jpg needs a US tag. Ditto File:CharlesJamesFox_ByJoshuaReynolds.png. US tags added. –Ruby
- When and where was the latter first published? Nikkimaria (talk) 00:04, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Per the British Museum's website, it was produced in 1762. It's a print by James Watson (c. 1730 – 1790) from the original by Joshua Reynolds, which I have not been able to locate. I cannot find further publication details, unfortunately. Ruby2010 (talk) 13:14, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- What is the earliest known publication? Nikkimaria (talk) 00:06, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- File:George_Napier.jpg: when and where was this first published? I wasn't sure, so I've replaced it with a similar image where its origin is better known (from the National Portrait Gallery). The original sitter date isn't stated, but it was published in the late 19th century. –Ruby
- File:Lady-Sarah-Napier-ne-Lennox-formerly-Bunbury.jpg: where is that licensing coming from? I found licensing information from the NPG's website for this image and the one of her husband above. Please let me know if the tags are incorrect. –Ruby Nikkimaria (talk) 05:22, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- That site gives a non-commercial licensing for both images, which isn't consistent with the given tagging and which is non-free for our purposes. Nikkimaria (talk) 00:04, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- I wasn't sure, since their website provides instructions for using the image in commercial and non-commercial settings (and Creative Commons, which is the option I chose when downloading it). Perhaps I misunderstood these options. What tag would you suggest is used? Ruby2010 (talk) 13:14, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- None of the options suggested by the website would be usable here. Is there another reason the images would be free? Nikkimaria (talk) 00:06, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Nikkimaria: Thank you for your image review. I've added comments above. Ruby2010 (talk) 23:56, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Nikkimaria: I've added replies to your comments above. Ruby2010 (talk) 13:14, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments from JacobTheRox
- Feel free to disagree with me and sorry that what started as chronological order devolved into chaos.
- The quotation beginning "has thoroughly convinced me..." is longer than 40 words and is thus recommended by MOS:QUOTATION to have a blockquote. I would reword slightly to move the quote to the end of the paragraph then it could conveniently be blockquoted.
- The word "offense" is US English, whereas the rest of the article is written in British English, which makes sense for the subject. I would suggest also adding the English variation to the talk page, e.g.
{{British English}}or{{Oxford English}}
- Thanks for catching this, I've corrected the word. As an AmEng speaker who actively edits articles on British subject matter, I strive to use BrEng but sometimes miss small differences. I see there is already a British English tag on the article, so I will leave it there. Ruby2010 (talk) 14:48, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Is the redlink The Man of Pleasure's Pocket Book likely to have an article soon and does it deserve one?
- Whether or not quotations start with capitals is contentious but I would try to remain consistent. "in April 1769 and declared, "Rank and beauty have been her ruin"." should surely be "in April 1769 and declared "rank and beauty [had] been her ruin"."? Pretty sure keeping 'have' makes the tense a bit dubious.
- 12 counts of
".[and 2 counts of."[. Please stay consistent; I prefer the latter but it is very much your choice.
- You provide both the name of a song and quite a long quote in French, neither of which are translated.
- [29][30] could be combined into a single sfn.
- I would put in square brackets what "angellick" means (angelic?) or just replace it with the modern/correct spelling.
- As only 6 references are not sfns, you may want to consider making every reference an sfn even if it is only used once, such as on List of British monarchs or Assassination of Lord Mountbatten.
- As Ancestry is web-based, the url should be included with
|url-access=subscription. If you accessed using the Wikipedia Library deletehttps://www-ancestryinstitution-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/and replace it withhttps://www.ancestry.co.uk/.
- There are urls with varying access levels which are not described, which is inconvenient. These are as follows:
- Andrew, Donna (2001) – subscription
- Beasley, Edward (2017) – limited
- Crossland, Alice Marie (2017) – limited
- Johnston-Liik, Edith Mary (2006) – limited
- "Review of The Life and Letters of Lady...." – subscription or limited, not sure here
- etc. – this would be helpful to include for all links
- A very well written article and most my comments are just trivial suggestions. Withdrawing any mention of votes before a comprehensive source review is completed. Great work! JacobTheRox(talk | contributions) 17:36, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- P.S. My article Robert Jacomb-Hood is at FAC as well right now; feel free to drop by!
- @JacobTheRox: Thank you for your review! You were very detailed and caught things I had missed or struggled with how to correct. Please let me know if you notice anything else. I also would be happy to look into your article's review (and intend to also look at others to help out with the backlog as I shake off my FAC rust). Ruby2010 (talk) 14:48, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- FAC is definitely busy at the moment, but that's the way I like it – more quality articles for everyone. If you could look at my nom I'd be very grateful; from this article I can see you certainly know what you're doing. JacobTheRox(talk | contributions) 16:44, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
SMS Prinz Heinrich
Prinz Heinrich was the second armored cruiser built by Germany in the early 1900s, and it was a very influential despite being a pretty mediocre design. The article is the second to last in this topic to go through FAC, so we've very close to completing the project! Thanks to all who take the time to review the article. Parsecboy (talk) 13:23, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- Suggest adding alt text
- File:SMS_Prinz_Heinrich_in_port.jpg: when and where was this first published?
- Germany, but I can't say exactly when; but ONI routinely collected images of foreign warships (including commercially available photos, such as this one). So it stands to reason that it was acquired not long after it was taken (and certainly while the ship was operational, so well before 1930).
- Okay, but is it known that it was published before being acquired? Nikkimaria (talk) 02:31, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Germany, but I can't say exactly when; but ONI routinely collected images of foreign warships (including commercially available photos, such as this one). So it stands to reason that it was acquired not long after it was taken (and certainly while the ship was operational, so well before 1930).
- File:German_Marine_School_on_"Prinz_Heinrich"_LCCN2014701613.jpg: when and where was this first published and what is the author's date of death? Nikkimaria (talk) 05:20, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Unknown, but it's a Bain photo, so it should be fine. Parsecboy (talk) 08:54, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- It's got PD-old-70-1923 on it - is that tagging accurate? Nikkimaria (talk) 02:31, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Probably not, at least not without knowing who the original author is. Would you suggest replacing it with the basic PD-US tag?
- You'd still need publication date for that. As you note, it's a Bain photo - is there a reason to not just use the Bain tagging? Nikkimaria (talk) 04:27, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Probably not, at least not without knowing who the original author is. Would you suggest replacing it with the basic PD-US tag?
- It's got PD-old-70-1923 on it - is that tagging accurate? Nikkimaria (talk) 02:31, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Unknown, but it's a Bain photo, so it should be fine. Parsecboy (talk) 08:54, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Not an image issue, but there's also a couple of seas of blue to address. Nikkimaria (talk) 02:31, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments by JacobTheRox
- Feel free to disagree with me on my comments
- "...for the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy), named after.... – this makes it sound like its saying what the Navy is named after then makes you do a double take, so I'd add the word "and"
- Done
- If it is unique, how is it the second of its kind and future ones are modifications of it? That doesn't sound unique!
- "Unique" in the sense that it was the sole vessel of its design, that it had no sister ships
- Please clarify whether the following redlinks are notable for inclusion: – there seem quite a few
- [II Scouting Group]]
- III Scouting Group
- IV Scouting Group
- Albert Hopman
- Curt von Prittwitz und Gaffron
- Gustav Schmidt
- Johannes von Karpf
- Raimund Winkler
- U-Kreuzer Flotilla
- Yes, at some point I'll get around to writing articles on the units (such as I did some years back for III Battle Squadron, for example) - the individuals were all later admirals, and will easily pass GNG (and I have long-range plans to turn all of the links on List of admirals of Germany blue, though I'll need to track down a copy of this first!)
- "...than earlier Harvey armor, so less of it could be..." – the words "of it" can be removed
- Good suggestion
- "...were Germany's worst designed and..." – change "worst designed" to "worst-designed"
- Grammatically, you're right, but the source doesn't have it hyphenated - not sure it really warrants a [sic] though
- I would mention the year 1914 again at the start of the WWI section as it shouldn't rely on the end of the previous one
- Done
- Correct cite order is [4][19] not [19][4]
- Good catch
- When I try to find "Audorf-Rendsburg" it seems that's not a normal way of describing that area – is that the name used in the source? You could also wikilink the second half to Rendsburg, and I would add Schleswig-Holstein after.
- That's what the source uses - it may be an older name for the town. If you look at this map, Audorf is across the Kiel Canal from Rendsburg
- Nottelmann, Dirk (2024) is not pointed to by any references; please remove it or make it an invisible comment if you'd like to use it later.
- Moved to a further reading section for now - I'll need to go back and look to see if it has anything worth adding
- I have added
{{section sizes}}to the talk page – perhaps you could even these out / add more to your liking as most sections are quite long, especially the initial part of the Design section- I don't think much can be done - they're split up thematically, and some will necessarily be longer than others.
- A very good article as the normal for a very good series of articles. I only found minor prose issues so look forward to seeing the source review come through. JacobTheRox(talk | contributions) 19:37, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- P.S. My article Robert Jacomb-Hood is at FAC at the moment as well; please feel free to drop by!
- I'll try to find time to take a look.
Mince pie
This article is about the mince pie. A staple of Christmas (and Thanksgiving), this little pie isn't loved by all, but it is very popular and comes with an interesting history. This will likely be my last FAC for a while, so enjoy it while you can! - SchroCat (talk) 13:57, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
Vacant0
Nice to see this here. I'll do a review at some point during this week. Vacant0 (talk • contribs) 14:13, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
- Lede looks okay.
- It would be nice to combine multiple {{sfn}}s into {{sfnm}}s.
- Description and etymology looks good.
- Could the History section be split in several sub-sections? It's quite long. No other issues with the section.
- The Gentleman's Magazine should be italicised.
- Could the Lenten mince pies section be merged with some other one?
Surprisingly, no issues with the rest of the article. Had I reviewed a bit earlier, I would have probably spotted some errors. I won't comment on images and references. These are mostly nitpicks, so I'll vote once you respond. Cheers, Vacant0 (talk • contribs) 20:50, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Many thanks Vacant0
Nothing else has catched my eye, so it's a support from me on prose and grammar. Cheers and good luck, Vacant0 (talk • contribs) 12:47, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments by Wehwalt
- "when returning European crusaders brought back with them spices." I'd move spices to before "back". Possibly "home" for "back"
- "puritans" "catholic" May seem odd to the reader.
- "Jesus's" (the link). While this does not specifically implicate any of the examples of WP:OL I wonder if anyone searching for information on mince pies will not have heard of Jesus. Just for your consideration. Especially in contrast with shortcrust, which is more deserving of a link, if they are in short supply.
- "Cumberland rum butter" I wonder if the reader, if puzzled by the phrase, benefits from an explanation of the former county.
- "n North America, it tends to be large and intended for sharing among several people.[8][9] As the ingredients were expensive, a pie was only eaten on feast days ... " I think we've switched back to UK customs. I confess though to being generally unfamiliar with mince pies, even at Thanksgiving (US) dinner (pumpkin was more usual).
More soon.--Wehwalt (talk) 15:54, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks Wehwalt. I've addressed these ones, adding a bit of background (in a footnote) about the Cumberland rum butter too. Looking forward to anything else you have to say. Cheers - SchroCat (talk) 16:41, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
- "and the level of alcohol in some tinned mincemeat rose to over 14 per cent in some cases.[43][17]" Some ... some. Not necessary to do it twice. The idea of the mince pie being the national dish of America until the 1940s is a bit surprising.
- "In North America, "cider" is the name given to non-alcoholic apple juice." There is a distinction between apple cider and apple juice. For one thing, apple cider is usually unfiltered.
- Support--Wehwalt (talk) 18:22, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Laser brain
Thanks for the entry on this topic! I'm glad to see your time and talents manifest here. I think the article conforms well to the FA criteria. It is very well-written and well-researched. I am a bit unclear on one item:
- You write "its current vegetarian form" but it's clear that many mincemeat recipes and most jarred mincemeat contains beef or beef products. There are many vegetarian (and vegan) recipes out there but I'd like to improve how we present that information.
Thanks again for the enjoyable read. --Laser brain (talk) 17:21, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks Laser_brain. I've taken out the word "vegetarian" to fudge the issue slightly, given you're right: it's available in vegan, vegetarian and non-vegetarian versions, albeit very different to the original version. Cheers - SchroCat (talk) 09:07, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Support – splendid work as always. --Laser brain (talk) 01:12, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
RoySmith
Just a bit of a photo drive-by, the infobox image is not the best quality, especially for the top spot. Could we find something better? I think File:Mincemeat pie.jpg that you've currently got buried beneath the fold is a much more striking image, but perhaps not the most traditional version of the pie? If you wanted to stick with the individual serving sized theme, any of File:Mince Pies (15443417714).jpg, File:Mince Pie.jpg, or File:Mincemeat tarts for the holidays.jpg would be better than the current selection, but the latice-work example really is the best image from a purely visual standpoint. RoySmith (talk) 23:56, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks RoySmith. I went with File:Mince Pie.jpg in the end. While the lattice version may be the most striking, I don't think it's representative of a "typical" MP. That obviously differs for Americans, with their larger versions, but I think non-lattice is probably best. - SchroCat (talk) 09:12, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- Suggest adding alt text
- File:Portrait_of_Mr_Mince_Pie,_MP_for_Christmas.jpg: if the author is unknown, how do we know they died over 100 years ago? Nikkimaria (talk) 04:37, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Many thanks Nikkimaria, all sorted. - SchroCat (talk) 09:23, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments and support from Gerda
I'll comment as I read. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 06:13, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
Thank you for a "sweet" contribution!
Infobox and lead
- The image is much better than the one I saw on the first reading.
- I wonder if we could say "Mince pie, cut" or something else?
- I wonder if the former ingredients could also show, which gave the dish a completely different character.
- I think the list of these historic ingredients could be shorter in the lead than in the prose.
- "this then changed to their becoming associated with Christmas, when they are mostly consumed", - I think that could be said more elegantly, and perhaps without mentioning Christmas again.
- I don't think we need the years of the Interregnum for this food lead, - enough later on, there's a link for those curious.
- "although it was stigmatised for its indulgent and supposed Catholic connotations", - perhaps it's my lack of English but I have a few problems with this clause:
- I would understand "because" better than "although".
- I don't know what "indulgent connotations" would be.
- I am not sure that "connotations" is the best term for that it seemed to come from a Catholic tradition.
- I don't think we need the details of folklore in the lead.
- Generally, too many sentences in this lead (for my taste) copy word for word what's in the body, instead of a summary.
Description
- On top of the pics, I suggest simply "Preparation", what else than mince pie? Or no title, it's rather evident.
- The captions could also be much shorter, for example: "Bottom and filling" - "Ready for baking" - Dusted with icing sugar".
- The description begins with the current style, and later has differences only for the filling, but I wonder about "sweet" for the crust anyway, knowing of pie crusts even for sweet pies that have no sugar. Perhaps different descriptions for different ingredients or styles would be better?
- It's said twice that the mincemeat can be homemade or not.
History
- There is a century given for the spices, but not for the Cumberland theory.
- No link needed for Middle East.
- I wonder if "crust not eaten" might be mentioned in the lead.
- "included mutton with the same amount of beef suet and "twice so much sugar as salt" leaves open "same" to what the fat is.
- Until I saw the shapes images, I thought that pies are round. How about a reference to it in the text?
- "the second was requires 3 large lemons" needs a decision for one verb.
- "The mince pie was considered the national dish of America" comes as a surprise after earlier "never as popular", - perhaps also lead-worthy?
- "During the Elizabethan era, when meatless dishes were required during the period of Lent" surprises me, because "meatless" was a custom for Lent observed by earlier (and later) Catholics as well.
See also
- I don't need it.
Thank you for information that was all new to me; I haven't tasted mince pie yet. Please understand that some comments may come from ignorance. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 07:46, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
Thank you for explaining, - support. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 19:51, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
Support from Whonting
Thankyou Schro for the work that you have done for this article (and for the edits at chewette). The article is in great shape and will certainly influence my writing in this area. I'm happy with how the article has developed through PR, I only have two questions on history remaining that I would like to hear your thoughts on:
- a recipe similar to that of the original mince pie; from context, this "original mince pie" appears to be Markham's recipe. Is this intended?
- Identifying The Forme of Cury's "tartes of flessh" as "a forerunner of the mince pie" in an image caption appears to be engaging the debate on origins.
That's all. A bit sad the lead image was changed, but it is what it is. Looking forward to supporting shortly. Whonting (talk) 11:51, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Many thanks Whonting - and nice work on chewette too! These both sorted. I've tweaked both to 'a possible forerunner of the mince pie', which both explains and fudges in equal measure. - SchroCat (talk) 15:57, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
Support and comments from Jim
As a Londoner, the very first thing I checked was the rhyming slang! I also noted One is that it is lucky to eat as many mince pies as possible before Christmas... others think it is bad luck to refuse to eat a mince pie that has been offered to you. so my normal practice brings good fortune! A couple of comments for your consideration.
- Perhaps link tripe in para 2?
- is often served with an accompaniment such as cream, brandy butter, Cumberland rum butter I don't like this, the link to the county is unhelpful there, as mentioned before. Suggest delink here and link in the footnote to Named after the historic county of the same name, Cumberland rum butter is...
Either way, I'll Support, although it might be a while before I strike because I'm off to Alicante, cheers, Jimfbleak - talk to me? 13:08, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks Jim. Both done (I went with "the historic county" to avoid any Easter egg complications, but much the same as your suggestion). Cheers - SchroCat (talk) 15:32, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
Support from Tim riley
Indescribably revolting though mince pies taste I enjoyed this article – well up to SchoCat's standard for his food and foodie articles. The Elizabethans and Cumberland get more than their fair share of blue links but that is of little consequence. You may not care (I don't particularly) that some of your multiple citations are in random rather than numerical order: [26][12] & [43][17] & [11][67][46] & [74][10]. That apart, no carps or quibbles from me. Happy to support promotion to FA. Meets all the criteria in my view. – Tim riley talk 13:09, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- Many thanks Tim. I'm also unconcerned by the running order of the citations, but as some people are, I've tweaked them all be run in order. Cheers - SchroCat (talk) 15:38, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
toby
I know absolutely nothing of pies or the culinary arts in general, yet somehow, this article caught my attention. Of course, feel free to object to what I ask. Here are my comments. toby (t)(c)(rw) 04:58, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
To the other reviewers, please consider checking out my FAC nom!
- Perhaps link brandy?
- Its history is a matter of debate but it dates back to the medieval period... -> Though disputed its history dates back to the medieval period...
- ...tripe and
could also includefish. Since the sentence says recipes "varied", it's safe to assume they may or may not have included fish. - ...the pies were only eaten on feast days; this then changed to their becoming associated with Christmas... -> ...the pies were only eaten on feast days; this changed to becoming associated with Christmas...
- The mince pie was attacked by... This part threw me for a loop for a second or two as I didn't know pies could be attacked. That was before I finished the sentence clarifying how the pie was stigmatized. Is there any way to rephrase this?
- The recipe for the mince pie was taken... -> Its recipe was taken...
- ...although vegetable alternatives can
alsobe used. - In Britain in the twenty-first century, a mince pie tends to be... Perhaps: In the twenty-first century, British mince pies tend to be...
- ...a pie was only eaten on feast days; this then changed to it becoming associated with Christmas... -> ...a pie was only eaten on feast days; this changed to an asssociation with Christmas...
- A mince pie can be made at home or purchased from commercial outlets; similarly, the mincemeat can homemade or commercially produced. Perhaps: Pies and their mincemeat can be homemade or commercially bought.
- ...tripe and could also include fish. Like the above
- In the Elizabethan era the recipe had not changed much since the medieval version. -> The pie changed minimally during the Elizabethan era.
- The recipe for the mince pie was taken to... -> Its recipe was taken to...
- It is not know exactly... I assume this should be "known"
Dredge (video game)
Hello everyone. I'm back! Today I'm showcasing Dredge, a game released 3 years ago! It is a fishing, survival, and horror game. You fish, dredge, and try not to get eaten by a sea monster. Many people liked the game, so much that over 1,000,000 of them bought the game. Critics liked the game too. Before we start, I'd like to give thanks to a few people. @Gommeh: reviewed the GA nomination, while @Rollinginhisgrave, Tarlby, Z1720, 750h+, and Olliefant: all left nice comments at the PR page. I, alongside Z1720 and Baffle gab1978, copyedited the article several times. There still might be some errors left, as I'm not sure if I addressed every single comment from the PR, so a pair of good eyes shall review this nomination. Thank you and goodbye! Vacant0 (talk • contribs) 18:42, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Support as GA reviewer. Good luck! Gommeh (talk! sign!) 19:32, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Support as peer reviewer. 750h+ 11:39, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
toby
Coming back from the peer review! I've always thought the game looked cool, but I never got around to playing it.
To the other reviewers, consider checking out my FAC nom! toby (t)(c)(rw) 20:38, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Why is "aberrations" in parantheses?
- IIRC, this was left from the copyedit. I've changed it to: "The player can catch regular fish as well as mutated versions called aberrations". Hopefully, this is what you wanted.
- ...the player can improve their skills by reading books... It's unclear what improving skills exactly affects.
- By reading books you boost the player's stats. Dredge Wiki summarises these stats well. How do you want me to clarify this?
- I've rephrased it to, ...the fisherman's attributes are improved by reading books...
- By reading books you boost the player's stats. Dredge Wiki summarises these stats well. How do you want me to clarify this?
- ...throughout the night, the game embraces horror elements when the fog appears. -> ... throughout the night, the game embraces horror elements when a fog appears. Sounds weird to my ears calling it "the" fog when it was never mentioned hitherto.
- Done.
- A passive mode is featured in Dredge, which disables enemies from hunting the player. -> Dredge features a game mode that disables enemies from hunting the player. For clarification, does the mode disable enemies from existence or disable their aggresive behavior?
- Never have played passive mode, so if we trust what the Internet says, it means that their aggression is disabled. They still appear in the game, just without the ability to hurt the player.
- I see that the image caption links sea monsters. I'd imagine this link should also be utilized somewhere in the body as it seems pretty relevant.
- There actually was a wikilink to sea monsters in the prose but I've removed it because of a PR comment "seems like a borderlineMOS:EASTEREGG violation". What is your opinion on this? Should I reinstate the wikilink?
- I've rephrased ...the player is chased by massive enemies... to ...the player is chased by massive sea monsters.
- There actually was a wikilink to sea monsters in the prose but I've removed it because of a PR comment "seems like a borderlineMOS:EASTEREGG violation". What is your opinion on this? Should I reinstate the wikilink?
- In its original conception, Dredge would be a top-down turn-based game with elements similar to the final version, and not feature fishing mini-games. -> Dredge was conceived as a top-down turn-based game with elements similar to the final version but without fishing mini-games.
- Done.
- ...and the mobility mechanism. Do you mean the movement system of the boat?
- Yup. What do you want me to do here?
- I rephrased it to ...and the movement system. as I think the lack of demotic wording confused me.
- Yup. What do you want me to do here?
- ...the team developed four additional biomes (archipelagos). I don't see the need to put archipelagos in parentheses.
- Done (removed the entire part, if that's what you wanted me to do, of course).
- The game's programmer and author, Joel Mason, stated that the player can visit other archipelagos in any sequence, although the second location... The fifth and last region... This stretch says the exploration of the archipelagos has no order yet you list them as the "first", "second", etc. This doesn't make sense to me.
- Okay... I'll explain. Dredge is an open world game, meaning that you can go wherever you want in any order you want. HOWEVER, despite this devs have actually made an intended order of which islands to visit in which order. So, Gale Cliffs is the second archipelago of the game that the player should visit. But they don't have to, they can go to Stellar Basin instead, or Twisted Strand. Do you get what I mean? How should we clarify this?
- I've rephrased it: ...stated that the archipelagos can be explored in any sequence, but were designed to promote a specific order; the second...
- Okay... I'll explain. Dredge is an open world game, meaning that you can go wherever you want in any order you want. HOWEVER, despite this devs have actually made an intended order of which islands to visit in which order. So, Gale Cliffs is the second archipelago of the game that the player should visit. But they don't have to, they can go to Stellar Basin instead, or Twisted Strand. Do you get what I mean? How should we clarify this?
- As someone who doesn't know much about oceans, I didn't know what a blue hole is and I'd prefer not having to click the link per MOS:NOFORCELINK.
- Did it for ya.
- ...to avoid focusing the game on jump scare horror. -> ...to avoid utilizing jump scare horror.
- Done.
- Is it possible to define or describe Lovecraftian horror? I know what it is already, but I'd imagine there are some readers who do not.
- Done.
- Probably worth it to include the release date of Dave the Diver like how you did so with other game mentions.
- Good catch.
- Edwin Evans-Thirlwell of Eurogamer and Zoey Handley of Destructoid disliked the plot. No clarification?
- Destructoid: "The plot is lifeless". Eurogamer: "The plot doesn't develop much". :/
- Eurogamer seems to describe the game as lacking depth compared to traditional Lovecraftian stories in the succeeding sentence. I think you can include this.
- Destructoid: "The plot is lifeless". Eurogamer: "The plot doesn't develop much". :/
- ...heads-up display (HUD)... I'd assume there's no need to abbreviate heads-up display as HUD if there is no other use of the term in the article.
- Done.
Thanks for the review, @Tarlby:. I've mostly implemented everything you suggested but left a few questions on some points. Hopefully all is alright. Cheers, Vacant0 (talk • contribs) 14:11, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
- I've dealt with the questions above; review my responses and bold CEs (revert or alter if needed). From an indie game FAC nommer to another, I support. toby (t)(c)(rw) 07:02, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
Airship
As always, these are suggestions, not demands; feel free to refuse with adequate justification.
Firstly, by my calculation, 625 of around 3,000 prose words in the body (over 20%) are sourced to this YouTube documentary, which seems, from my cursory inspection, to be mostly composed of interviews with the developers. Those 625 words comprise the wide majority of the "Development" section. With that in mind, could you please clarify how the article complies with the following from the core content policy WP:PRIMARY: "be cautious about basing large passages on [primary sources]"? ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 15:58, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Actually, most development sections rely on interviews with people who made the game. I'll give quick examples from recently-promoted FAs: Splatoon 3: Side Order's development section mostly comprises of interviews, while Hogwarts Legacy does it slightly less. Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 (GBA video game) also relies on interviews. Outer Wilds, a slightly older FA from 2024, heavily relies on Noclip in the development section. Another current FAC nomination, Horizon Zero Dawn, somewhat relies on Noclip, but considering that it's a much much bigger game, it also relies on other interviews. Speaking about my previous FAs, Smash Hit's development section mostly relies on primary sources (personal articles published in reliable sources). Same goes for Lego Indiana Jones: The Original Adventures (interviews). Nobody complained about this in any of those FAC nominations. I think that it'd be counterproductive to not include such information in articles (even though they are primary sources), considering that there's no other way of obtaining such answers than directly asking people who made the game about various aspects of the development. Technically, not including such information in articles would mean that they do not meet FA#1b criteria (comprehensibility). I might be wrong, but this most likely applies to other forms of media (films, songs, albums), not just video games. I'd love to hear opinions of others, because I don't think that this has been ever been brought up in FAC nominations which rely on interviews for development sections. I'd say that WP:IAR should apply here if we'd want to improve Wikipedia and obtain more high-quality articles (FAs and GAs). Vacant0 (talk • contribs) 17:47, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- I think we've got off on the wrong foot here. I don't think obtaining FAs and GAs necessarily contributes to improving Wikipedia (invoking IAR is a bit much), and I'm not really interested in discussing seven other FA candidacies. That said, I take your point that the nature of video games perhaps lend themselves easier to interviews explaining the progression of development, and doing a bit more research, it appears that Noclip might be viewed as a secondary source in some respects. Would you agree? ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 18:10, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Laser brain
Placeholder – reviewing now. --Laser brain (talk) 13:17, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
Opposeat this time, I'm sorry.
- I shouldn't be finding basic grammatical errors at FAC.
- Reading through the "Art style" and "Gameplay" sections, I find the prose to be clunky and not engaging. Passages like "He was inspired by Disco Elysium (2019) because of the game's abstract nature. The water shaders were altered multiple times during the development process." lack context and there is an overall lack of a cohesive narrative through both sections. "Gameplay" jumps right into "The upgrading system" without any explanation or context.
- "Dredge has a low-poly (a polygon mesh that has a low number of polygons) art style" – a high number of statements like this are attributed to Gabriel Moss who is listed as a "freelance reviewer" and I can't find any information on his notability as a video game journalist. One would hope for better sources, for the most part.
- These are just a few selections but I'm not encouraged that this is up to FA standards at this time. --Laser brain (talk) 10:30, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- Sorry to hear this LB. I've made further changes to the article to include your suggestions. Hopefully another editor will chip in with another copyedit. Cheers, Vacant0 (talk • contribs) 13:11, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'm willing to help out, but can you address the sourcing issue? Has the use of Moss been reduced? I'm not sure of the current sourcing standards for video games articles but I'd think we'd prefer more notable journalists if possible. --Laser brain (talk) 01:01, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hey @Laser brain, quick heads up that I heard of your comments here in an off-wiki chat with Vacant. Just on the point on Moss, the art style being low-poly isn't something that should need a high bar of sourcing, or even really any. Identifying works like File:Wikipe-tan pixel art.svg as pixel art for instance wouldn't be considered WP:OR. Even if it were, much more relevant than a writer being staff or not staff for reliability is the outlet publishing the piece under the IGN brand, staking their brand on the review's quality. Are there more contentious statements being sourced to Moss that you are more concerned about? Whonting (talk) 12:53, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, I'm not troubled with Moss if you're saying we are using that source for non-controversial claims. I wasn't previously aware of IGN's process for vetting contributors. Thanks for the clarification! --Laser brain (talk) 13:20, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hey LB. I'll do another round of copy edits today and look to address the rest of your concerns. In the mean time, we can discuss on improving the prose. Cheers, Vacant0 (talk • contribs) 14:11, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- Should be done now. Vacant0 (talk • contribs) 15:45, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks, striking my opposition as things look more polished. I'll run through it again this weekend with an eye toward copyediting and hopefully we can get this thing across the finish line. --Laser brain (talk) 17:50, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- Should be done now. Vacant0 (talk • contribs) 15:45, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hey LB. I'll do another round of copy edits today and look to address the rest of your concerns. In the mean time, we can discuss on improving the prose. Cheers, Vacant0 (talk • contribs) 14:11, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, I'm not troubled with Moss if you're saying we are using that source for non-controversial claims. I wasn't previously aware of IGN's process for vetting contributors. Thanks for the clarification! --Laser brain (talk) 13:20, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hey @Laser brain, quick heads up that I heard of your comments here in an off-wiki chat with Vacant. Just on the point on Moss, the art style being low-poly isn't something that should need a high bar of sourcing, or even really any. Identifying works like File:Wikipe-tan pixel art.svg as pixel art for instance wouldn't be considered WP:OR. Even if it were, much more relevant than a writer being staff or not staff for reliability is the outlet publishing the piece under the IGN brand, staking their brand on the review's quality. Are there more contentious statements being sourced to Moss that you are more concerned about? Whonting (talk) 12:53, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'm willing to help out, but can you address the sourcing issue? Has the use of Moss been reduced? I'm not sure of the current sourcing standards for video games articles but I'd think we'd prefer more notable journalists if possible. --Laser brain (talk) 01:01, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- Sorry to hear this LB. I've made further changes to the article to include your suggestions. Hopefully another editor will chip in with another copyedit. Cheers, Vacant0 (talk • contribs) 13:11, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
The Lion Sleeps Tonight
- Nominator(s): DannyRogers800 (talk) 01:32, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
@Cartoon network freak suggested a thorough restructure, and I hope I delivered at last. Since the last FA process, the president's name has crept up and somehow found a place in this article as well. DannyRogers800 (talk) 01:32, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- There is a [better source needed] tag that’s been in the article for a while: this needs sorting before this can progress. - SchroCat (talk) 02:25, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hello, SchroCat. I knew about the source issue and have removed the information tied to that source, after some thought. I will say, however, that the information in question hardly needed a great source. It describes an old internet meme that sampled the song; regardless of the quality of the source (Know Your Meme), our eyes and ears can clearly perceive that the meme did in fact exist and that it did involve a still frame and a person getting hurt. Perhaps our senses could not attest to the date of the meme, but anyway. That's my little rant done. DannyRogers800 (talk) 12:46, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
Robert Jacomb-Hood
- Nominator(s): JacobTheRox(talk | contributions) 10:33, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
This article had an unsuccessful FAC followed by a PR, both in the second half of last year. One of the major concerns has been sourcing; I have used the best sources possible, but I literally cannot just create sources that don't exist. However, I am here to vehemently defend the article if need be, as that's the best I can do. Hopefully the prose and images should be fairly straightforward by now due to the attention the article has received during the previous GAN, FAC, and PR. JacobTheRox(talk | contributions) 10:33, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Pinging @Nikkimaria:, @Hog Farm:, @SchroCat:, @Actuall7:, @Noleander:, @A.Cython:, who have all helped before – sorry for the ping if you are not interested. JacobTheRox(talk | contributions) 10:33, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
Drive-by comment from MSincccc
- I am unable to undertake a full review at present due to time constraints and other commitments both on and off-wiki, but I would suggest going through the prose again. In the meantime, I have made a few minor revisions. MSincccc (talk) 17:02, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments from MSincccc
- Early life (Family)
- with unpublished material from the Christ's Hospital school archives
- You could link to "Christ's Hospital" on first mention.
- Done
- You could link to Bardon, Leicestershire as a whole.
- Currently Bardon Hall is a relink to Bardon, but I plan to change this because the house and estate is 100% worth an article (I have many sources on it). I've delinked Bardon Hall for now and linked Bardon, Leics.
- How about the rephrased sentence: He was baptised in Riseley on 21 February 1822, according to unpublished Christ’s Hospital school archives. or similar versions?
- Done, but I want to make sure it's clear that the happening and place of his baptism aren't just in unpublished archive material, which is what the disclaimer is for.
MSincccc (talk) 09:49, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Usernameunique
High-level comments |
|---|
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I came by this article given the notice here, and (given the comment above from MSincccc) have been giving it a copyedit (still in progress) over the past couple days. In doing so, a couple issues have stood out:
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The substantial amount of work and research that has gone into this article shows, and, on balance, it appears to be in decent shape. The above issues, if addressed carefully, should not be an impediment to promotion. I'm still working on my copyedit, and may return with some line-by-line comments. --Usernameunique (talk) 23:45, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you for your comments.
- These issues—particularly the primary sources and over-citing—look a lot better to me now. I'm collapsing those issues to mark them as resolved. I'll also try to come back for some line-by-line comments. --Usernameunique (talk) 15:21, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
Family
- the daughter of John Kemp — Any word on what he did?
- Not in the sources, hence why it wasn't included
- the Beechhill estate — What is this?
- Just another estate where he lived – but shows he's a member of the aristocracy in contrast to Jacomb-Hood's mother.
- Is there anything to which to link for Bardon Hall? If not, is it worth a red link?
- Currently Bardon Hall is a redirect to Bardon, Leicestershire so I don't want the two next to each other as that would be confusing. The estate is definitely worth an article as there are loads of good sources out there discussing its history, including a whole load of quarrying and railways. However, I don't have the time to write it at the moment.
- If Robert Jacomb the elder became Robert Jacomb-Hood upon William Hood's death in the 1830s, doesn't that mean that Robert Jacomb-Hood the younger (the subject of the article) was actually born Robert Jacomb—without the Hood? If so, this should be stated somewhere.
- Yes, and now you say it it seems obvious lol. I've changed it in the infobox and prose but I'm not going to change them all to Robert Jacomb before the inheritance as that would just increase the confusion even more.
- Did the inheritance of Bardon Hall come with an inheritance of money as well?
- The term "estate" generally refers to the land, house, and the money attached to it, so short answer probably yes
- I spent some time searching on British Newspaper Archive, unsuccessfully, to try to pin down the date of William Hood's death. In doing so, however, I came across an 1833 article discussing the death of Rev. R. Jacomb, who was related to "the late Edmund Hood, Esq. of Bardon Hall". Any idea who these guys were?
- There is a Rev. R. Jacomb who is the paternal grandfather of the subject of the article, as mentioned on page 10 here, but he is said to have died 1806. Maybe it's just another one? Even if not the most direct relation of Jacomb-Hood, it would still make sense they're all related to both families.
- What was the Worshipful Company of Fan Makers, and why would a tenant farmer be a part of it?
- That's kind of the point – having inherited an estate, being admitted to one of the livery companies would have shown that he'd moved up in society and was now a proper tradesperson.
Education
- he was sponsored by George Green, the governor for donations at the school — Is this particularly relevant? From what I can tell, the salient point is that his tuition was free because his family was poor. Is that correct?
- Reduced to his being sponsored, just to point out it wasn't e.g. government funding
- As a result of his father's inheritance of Bardon Hall, he was removed from the school in 1835 — Perhaps worth clarifying that it was the improved economic status that came with the inheritance that led to his removal from the school.
- Done
- Jacomb-Hood's father was unhappy with the quality of instruction — Why?
- That's all it says in the source; I guess it just wasn't a good school
- Bardon Park, where the father was undertaking renovation works — What's the difference between Bardon Park and Bardon Hall? What were the renovation works?
- Bardon Park is the estate and Bardon Hall is the house, I've fixed the inconsistent use. His renovations are described in the paragraph starting Robert Jacomb's[b] cousin....
- Jacomb-Hood was educated in Hathern, Leicestershire, as a precursor to him studying at the University of Cambridge — Where in Hathern—a school? Why would this be a precursor to Cambridge?
- Well the lack of a school suggests he was educated by someone rather than at a school, but no name is given. In those days, getting into university wasn't really the same so to get into Cambridge was about having had a certain background or education, rather than certain grades/intelligence. The tutor in Hathern would have taught Jacomb-Hood about the style of education at Cambridge and the kind of things they wanted a student to have done (e.g. learned Latin), so he would be suitable for admission. If you think it necessary I can add a footnote.
- the family moved to Cheltenham, Gloucestershire — Why? What happened to Bardon Hall?
- Well in those days that was normal – they had inherited an estate in the middle of nowhere so using the money to buy houses in bigger settlements would have made sense, and then Bardon Park would have been their retreat.
1841–1846: Early career
- After he finished his work for the M&BR, Jacomb-Hood was tasked with managing the parliamentary work of the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway, before being promoted to Resident Engineer of the railway from 1 September 1844. — How does this fit into his previous work, i.e., who was employing him at this point?
- It doesn't. I've clarified that this was a change of job essentially.
1846–1850: Early LB&SCR work
- in rented accommodation — Should this be in a rented accommodation?
- Don't think so? Accommodation isn't an individual thing you can have one of, but a concept?
- The rate of construction led to his salary being increased — What do you mean by "The rate of construction"? Also, note that the previous sentence was about how his work did not always involve construction.
- Reworded – he was building railway lines quickly so he got more money for being efficient
- Rather than giving the title of the paper followed by a footnote with the full title of the paper, you could just say "Earlier that year, on 2 April, Jacomb-Hood had presented a paper detailing [DESCRIPTION]". This would obviate (a) the footnote (because the full title is already in the cite) and (b) the part following the semicolon (which is the description you move to the fist clause).
- Done
- Is the final paragraph a bit out of order? You talk about the paper discussing the Grand Surrey Canal bridge before you talk about the bridge itself. Should it not be (a) he engineered the bridge from October 1848 and June 1849, and then (b) he presented a paper on it in April 1849?
- I mean technically it's not chronological but I think it reads nicer that way
- a Council Premium of Books — What is this?
- Just an internal prize within the Institution of Civil Engineers that they award to the best papers
Comments from Ruby2010
Reading through the article now, it's clear it's well researched and ably written. Nonetheless, here are some early thoughts or suggestions:
- I find it interesting that you've used different citation styles for primary vs secondary sources (using a different symbol for each style). I'm not opposed to this, but am curious on your reasoning. Is this useful for the reader?
- The primary sources have been highlighted on many occasions as a weakness in the article. Were anyone to just write a biography of him all this stuff would become secondary but alas, we are where we are. I want the reader to be aware that the cited statements are coming directly from the records rather than a secondary source, which should be a point of caution for the reader.
- Drive-by comment: Chiswick Chap and I did something similar in Martin Rundkvist. That article contains many cites to primary sources (namely his own publications and bios), and—due to a relentless effort to delete the article once, and then again—we needed to make obvious that many secondary sources also existed. Here, I agree that the distinction similarly helps to show that the primary sources are mostly buttressing and giving finer detail to information that's in secondary sources. --Usernameunique (talk) 15:28, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you for your comment and that's exactly what I'm aiming for here – it's helpful to have primary sources that can just add that little bit extra flourish or context (e.g. a date).
- Drive-by comment: Chiswick Chap and I did something similar in Martin Rundkvist. That article contains many cites to primary sources (namely his own publications and bios), and—due to a relentless effort to delete the article once, and then again—we needed to make obvious that many secondary sources also existed. Here, I agree that the distinction similarly helps to show that the primary sources are mostly buttressing and giving finer detail to information that's in secondary sources. --Usernameunique (talk) 15:28, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- The primary sources have been highlighted on many occasions as a weakness in the article. Were anyone to just write a biography of him all this stuff would become secondary but alas, we are where we are. I want the reader to be aware that the cited statements are coming directly from the records rather than a secondary source, which should be a point of caution for the reader.
- Is there a wiki article for St Mary And All Saints Church? If not, is it worthy of a redlink?
- It's Grade II* listed so a pretty certain yes. One redlink added in the prose but a second in the caption is unnecessary imo.
- I have created an article on the topic and sent it to GAN.
- It's Grade II* listed so a pretty certain yes. One redlink added in the prose but a second in the caption is unnecessary imo.
- "...by building a New Hall in 1835 and demolishing the Old Hall building around 1840..." Are these proper nouns that need to be capitalized?
- Multiple sources capitalise them and suggest "Old Hall" and "New Hall" were literally what the buildings were called
- I was confused by who inherited William Hood's estate until reading more about it in the "Education" section. Could you make this clearer in the "Family" section? (Both persons being unoriginally named Robert, it's a tad confusing to keep track).
- Yes, and unfortunately your edit to the infobox is not correct. The subject of this article, Robert Jacomb-Hood, was born with that name. He inherited the estate from his father, who was born Robert Jacomb and then became Robert Jacomb-Hood. (Still following?). His father, Robert Jacomb-turned-Robert Jacomb-Hood, had inherited the estate from William Hood soon after Robert Jacomb-Hood-the-younger's birth. Robert Jacomb-Hood-the-younger (the subject of the article) then sold the estate, and thankfully, according to my knowledge[better source needed] named none of his kids Robert!
- On a serious note, some sources use Senior/Junior, and some I and II. However, I am sceptical of these because they're not the names anyone would have called either, but rather historians making their own lives easier. I have added two efns explaining the situation and hope that is enough. However, I can envisage others saying these efns are unencyclopedic in tone.
- I count 10 uses of "however". Might you have a substitute word for some of those? Ruby2010 (talk) 20:14, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed.
- Thank you for your comments!
HF
Will leave some comments below - I intend for this to eventually be a full review but I can't promise as there is some stuff going on IRL for me the timing of which isn't in my control. Hog Farm Talk 23:46, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
Several of my comments from the prior FAC have not been addressed.
- "A former classmate from Hathern, Albert Pell, had been employed at the company, however, and warned Jacomb-Hood against working there" - the writing in the source seems a bit stilted to me, but I'm still not reading the material in the source as being a clear reference to Pell, although it's certainly possible from the wording. Unless you have a reason to be highly confident that this is a direct reference to Pell, I think it's better off to just drop the reference to Pell the text of your article
- I have reread the source and I'm still sure that when it says "his former classmate" it's a reference to his only named former classmate, Albert Pell, with whom he went to see railway construction.
- What are your thoughts on the "fortunate" truncation I reference in the prior FAC? I'm not a huge fan of using a different word than RJH's actual quote and still putting it in quotation marks, but this is a bit of an awkward circumstance with the current phrasing of the article not really permitting a true quote
- I have expanded the quote
- "On 10 June 1850, Jacomb-Hood attended the opening of The Crystal Palace on its new site with his wife, having been responsible for the construction of the railway line serving it and later becoming a director on the board." - Jackson specifically states this was 10 June 1854 and the obituary doesn't mention this visit. The Crystal Palace itself opened to the public in 1851.
- The crystal palace opened on its new site on 10 June 1854, the date mentioned by Jackson (I've corrected it). This is the same fact as on The Crystal Palace's article, in the sentence:
- Within two years the rebuilt Crystal Palace was complete, and on 10 June 1854, Queen Victoria again performed an opening ceremony, in the presence of 40,000 guests.[1]
- "By 1855, Jacomb-Hood's salary had reached £1,059" - like mentioned in the prior FAC, there is a semantical difference between salary (750 pounds) and total compensation (the 1,059 figure). This is seen even in the cited source (Jackson)
- Reworded
- "he would start this work on 7 August 1858 and would open on 11 October of the same year" - as noted in the prior FAC, Jackson indicates that the work began on 7 August 1857 and was completed on 11 October 1858, so the former year needs corrected (which is not unexpected, given that two months to finish a railway would be remarkably good time)
- Done
- " tasking him with work in Portsmouth and Newcastle before finding him a job in Bombay, India (now Mumbai) in October 1858" - like noted in the prior FAC, Jackson places all of this information under his header for 1857, not 1858.
- Done
JacobTheRox - could you please respond to or correct these issues which were identified in FAC1 and then respond to me? It's admittedly frustrating to have to go back through the prior FAC line-by-line and see what has actually been addressed. Hog Farm Talk 00:10, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- Sorry, looking back now I realise I missed your last set of comments on 25 August. Thank you for raising them again and I think I have responded to all of them. JacobTheRox(talk | contributions) 09:09, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- References
- Gurney, Peter (2015). Wanting and Having: Popular politics and liberal consumerism in England, 1830–70. Manchester University Press. p. 222. ISBN 978-1-5261-0181-5. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
Dualism
Dualism is a family of views proposing a fundamental division into two separate principles or kinds. Dualist views span many domains and disciplines, including theories such as mind–body dualism about a sharp divide between mind and matter, ethical dualism about good and evil as antagonistic forces, and epistemological dualism about a fundamental gap between experience and reality. Thanks to BorgQueen for the suggestion to tackle this article, to Shapeyness for the GA review, and to Streded for the peer review. Phlsph7 (talk) 13:13, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
Here shall be an image review from me! Arconning (talk) 13:53, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- File:Dualism.svg - CC0
- File:Mind-body dualism.svg - CC0
- File:Ethical dualism.svg - CC0
- File:Theological dualism.svg - CC0
- File:Platonic dualism.svg - CC0
- File:Epistemological dualism.svg - CC0
- File:Kapila (cropped).png - Public Domain
- File:Yin yang.svg - Public Domain
- File:Frans Hals - Portret van René Descartes.jpg - Public Domain
- All of the images have alt-text for accessibility, proper captioning, and are all relevant to the article.
Streded
This is my first ever attempt to review a featured article candidate. I'm not sure how to format it, so I'll improvise. Streded (talk) 15:36, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Streded and thanks for giving FA reviewing a try! There is no fixed format here and different reviewers use different styles, so improvising in line with Wikipedia commonsense should be fine. Phlsph7 (talk) 17:28, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
General comments
- The article is well-written, as required in the WP:FACRITERIA.
- The article seems comprehensive. As I noted in the peer review, there are aspects of the subject that the article doesn't cover, but to the best of my knowledge, no sources exist that cover them and this will probably stay that way for the foreseeable future.
- The sources used indicate a thorough and representative survey of the relevant literature. I have yet to review whether the citations are well-placed and support the content that cites them. I'll try to do some spot checks later.
- The article is neutral. It seems to present dualist and anti-dualist points of view fairly and proportionately for an an article about dualism. It mentions criticism of the concept itself as a precise analytical category. It features dualist thought from diverse cultures and philosophical traditions.
- Aside from incremental improvement by the nominator, the article is stable.
- I haven't noticed overly closed paraphrasing, but I haven't checked this thoroughly.
- The first paragraph of the lead section summarizes the first section. The second paragraph summarizes sections 2–7. The third paragraph summarizes the eighth and final section. All summaries seem fair.
- The structure seems good.
- I see no issue with Arconning's review of the images.
- The article doesn't seem to go into excessive detail, but I haven't checked this thoroughly. Also, it covers the term "dualism" to some extent in addition to the subject itself. I think this is mostly fine, since you'd expect to see coverage of the term in a "Definition" section, and the criticism regarding the vagueness of the term also concerns the concept itself. Still, I hope that the focus on terms as opposed to concepts can be decreased.
Spot checks
- § History, third paragraph:
- Replace "Yingyang" with "yinyang".
- Replace "arose" with more specific wording, since Wang doesn't suggest that the yinyang school existed at any time outside the 1st millennium BCE.
- I changed it to "flourished" but I'm not sure if that's what you meant. Unfortunately, we have to remain vague concerning the timeframe since sources are themselves not certain about it. Phlsph7 (talk) 17:28, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- This addresses the problem I had, but now it's more positive than the source actually supports. How about "was active"? Streded (talk) 03:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Consider noting the relationship between the dualism of yin and yang and the dualism of being and non-being, using Ko's statement that [t]he ultimate dimension of non-being transcends the contradictory phenomenon of yin and yang.
- Is it true that non-being remains unaffected by phenomena according to Wang Bi? Ko says that his major concern is how to keep the realm of non-being unfettered from changes in the phenomenal world. The foundational nature of non-being implies that non-being shouldn't be affected by anything, but the statement from Ko is very confusing.
- It probably depends on whether you can interpret the term "unfettered" in a different way. However, this part is not essential, so I replaced it with your suggestion about about transcending yin and yang. Phlsph7 (talk) 17:28, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- I like this change. What confused me was "his major concern is how to keep". It seems to suggest that Wang Bi endeavored to protect the realm of non-being from changes in the phenomenal world. I know this is a nonsensical interpretation, but that's how it reads to me. Streded (talk) 17:36, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- It probably depends on whether you can interpret the term "unfettered" in a different way. However, this part is not essential, so I replaced it with your suggestion about about transcending yin and yang. Phlsph7 (talk) 17:28, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- After digging into it, I'm certain that the yingyang school that Wang describes is actually the School of Naturalists. Wang's book Yinyang: The Way of Heaven and Earth in Chinese Thought and Culture makes it clear. Please pipelink yinyang school of thought to School of Naturalists. Also, Needham's Science and Civilisation in China, volume 2, chapter 13, sections (c) and (e) is a great source about this school of thought and the origin of the yin-yang dualism. I recommend reading it if you ever have the time. Streded (talk) 05:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
Hi Streded, just checking whether you are satisfied with the responses so far and whether you have more suggestions. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:09, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- I currently have no issue or suggestion regarding the article, and see no reason it shouldn't be promoted to FA. I still plan to continue my spot checks (probably today). Streded (talk) 09:35, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Placeholder. MSincccc (talk) 16:22, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, MSincccc, nice to see you for another review! Phlsph7 (talk) 17:31, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Phlsph7 I am currently involved in three active nominations at FAC, one of which I intend to conclude by tomorrow. I have also promised another user a review, which can be done in parallel with yours, have an open listing at PR of my own, and am preparing for my next set of examinations.
- So this might take some time, but I look forward to another engaging read. Cheers. MSincccc (talk) 17:46, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, MSincccc, nice to see you for another review! Phlsph7 (talk) 17:31, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Lead
- As an initial comment, I would suggest adding the relevant language template ("Use... English") to the mainspace. MSincccc (talk) 16:37, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Definition and related terms
- You could tweak the section heading to include "etymology".
- You could link to linguistic systems.
- For instance, the metaphysical pluralism of the pre-Socratic philosopher
- How about linking "pre-Socratic philosopher" as a whole to Pre-Socratic philosophy?
- Normally, I would have. but since "Empedocles" is already linked, this would turn into a WP:SEAOFBLUE. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- How about linking "pre-Socratic philosopher" as a whole to Pre-Socratic philosophy?
- Since monism, dualism, and other forms of pluralism
- they differ from nihilist or eliminativist theories
- "differ from each other by the type of division and principles they posit" → "differ in the type of division and principles they posit"
- "shaping how to understand" → "shaping how we understand"
- The first known use was in 1794 by the satirist and scholar Thomas James Mathias.
A few minor suggestions to begin with. I will take a look at the lead at the end. MSincccc (talk) 12:05, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hey MSincccc, just checking whether you have had the time to take at look at other parts of the article. Phlsph7 (talk) 08:36, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- I have not had much time yet, as I still have Rain World's FAC to conclude, along with some commitments both on- and off-wiki. However, I expect to leave a few more comments by tomorrow. MSincccc (talk) 09:12, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- Mind-body dualism
- objects but also contents of consciousness, including cognitions and emotions.
- a mental pain experience,
- explaining how or why the two separate realms are synchronized
MSincccc (talk) 16:35, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- Religious dualisms
- "principles or personified as rivaling deities" → "principles or personified as rival deities"
- "the good as the singular foundational principle" → "the good as a singular foundational principle"
- helping popularize the term
- forces that are actively in conflict with each other
- As interdependent forces, neither one is ranked above the other.
MSincccc (talk) 07:22, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- Platonic dualism
- None here except a few stylistic suggestions.
MSincccc (talk) 09:39, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- Epistemological dualism
- "perception is not directly in touch with the world" → "perception is not in direct contact with the world"
- which represent or stand for those objects but are not identical to them
- Other forms
- Criticisms
- However, some arguments seek to undermine dualism as a whole
- "general patterns found in most or all of its forms"
→ "general patterns in most or all of its forms"
- History
- The link to Pythagoreanism might confuse readers into thinking it is about his followers rather than his and his followers' ideas.
- I think it's close enough in this context to avoid WP:EASTEREGG. Phlsph7 (talk) 07:55, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- Is the Is–ought problem different from Hume's law?
- "challenged that forms have independent existence"
→ "challenged the view that forms have independent existence"
- Lead
- "a family of views proposing a fundamental division"
→ "a family of views that propose a fundamental division"
- Bottom line
- That's all from me. This one came across as a bit shorter than your previous FAC submissions, but then again, it explains a lot too well to be rephrased now. MSincccc (talk) 06:33, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
Source review
I'll do a source review for this. Shapeyness (talk) 03:11, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- I did spotchecks for the good article nomination and found no issues with source-text integrity, close paraphrasing, or plagiarism.
- There are some url= that I think should be chapter-url=
- Some Google Books links have an access date, others don't
- Some SEP links have access date, others don't
- Fontaine 2023 should be in title case
- Gerson 1986 - doi not found
- Hill 2019 - I think the date should be 2008 (per title and copyright in frontmatter), also I think this should maybe be cited as a journal article (link to journal special issue here)
- Kissi, Dompere Kofi (2017) I believe should be Dompere, Kofi Kissi (2017) - I'm not very aware of the publisher but it seems ok here
- Rich 2017 - this is a reliable source but I think for FA I would want sources within academic philosophy to satisfy HQRS for philosophy content
- Sahakian 1974 - I wasn't sure about Barnes & Noble as a publisher here, but it appears to be part of a university textbook series and the author looks all ok, plus it is used in a citation with plenty of other supporting sources so I think this is fine
- All other sources used are HQRS
- Hi Shapeyness, thank you for taking care of the source review! I addressed your points, I hope I didn't miss anything. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:38, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Phlsph7: I made some small changes, I think the new Blackburn source needs a page range. Shapeyness (talk) 12:56, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- The changes look good. I added the page information for Blackburn. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:14, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks Phlsph7, the source review is a pass. I also support this article for FA based on my assessment at GAN; the only things I noticed then that would hold it back from FA were source-related issues that have now been resolved. Shapeyness (talk) 12:02, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- The changes look good. I added the page information for Blackburn. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:14, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Gott fähret auf mit Jauchzen, BWV 43
- Nominator(s): Gerda Arendt (talk) 21:50, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
This article is about... a church cantata by J. S. Bach for Ascension Day, first performed on 30 May 1726. It would be great to have the article in best shape for the anniversary. The feast falls on 14 May this year. - The last cantata to become FA was Unser Mund sei voll Lachens, BWV 110, in January. Bach composed this cantata after three months of no new cantatas (quite unusual for him), and he followed the text model of his cousin, making for a longish text to handle, in 11 movements (also unusual). The scoring has been described as opulent, and the opening movement is outstanding, while the others ... find out. - The article just received a GA review by Kyle Peake. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 21:50, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Lead
- As an initial comment, I would suggest adding the relevant language template ("Use ... English"). MSincccc (talk) 09:02, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you for looking! Done. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 09:13, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- History (Background)
- You could link to Pentecost and Easter.
- done --GA
- It is unclear, if he possessed
- The comma could be dropped here.
- done --GA
- The comma could be dropped here.
- History (Readings and text)
- which is used for six consecutive movements (5 to 10) of the work in eleven movements
- Could this be rephrased to avoid repeating "movements"?
- perhaps but I didn't find an easy solution, - perhaps drop the eleven, - that was said before? --GA
- Could this be rephrased to avoid repeating "movements"?
- "from the gospel" → "from the Gospel"
- done --GA
- both an idea from Psalm 68...and its quotation in the Epistle to the Ephesians
- "both" is redundant with "and".
- yes but should stress two things to come --GA
- "both" is redundant with "and".
- History (Performance)
- Another performance by Bach is documented by a violin part, but cannot be dated.
- "but cannot be dated" → "but it cannot be dated"
- if you say so --GA
- "but cannot be dated" → "but it cannot be dated"
- performed the cantata's first part in Halle at least twice
- You could move "at least twice" earlier for flow.
- yes --Gerda Arendt (talk) 13:01, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- You could move "at least twice" earlier for flow.
MSincccc (talk) 10:01, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Music
- Bach structured the cantata in eleven movements, in two parts.
- Do we need the comma or could it be dropped?
- Most cantatas are not in two parts, - intended to give it more weight. --GA
- Do we need the comma or could it be dropped?
- "nothing that follows can balance" → "nothing that follows can balance it"
- "which" is what nothing can balance --GA
- Due to the long text, the work unusually features rather short arias and five recitatives
- Drop "rather"?
- if you think so --GA
- Drop "rather"?
- "refers in the end to the view towards heaven" → "ultimately refers to the view towards heaven"
- "at the end"? - the end of the movement is meant --GA
- "like in Bach's Orchestral suites" → "as in Bach's Orchestral suites"
- yes --GA
- notes that the soprano and alto lines were too low for trumpets to play along, and that Dürr suggested that trumpeters played violins for that movement
- How about dropping "that" before Dürr?
- would mean something different, no? --Gerda Arendt (talk) 20:21, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- How about dropping "that" before Dürr?
MSincccc (talk) 15:06, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Bottom line
- Gerda Arendt That's all from me. Feel free to ping if you intend to expand the prose later. MSincccc (talk) 18:36, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Noleander
- Critical reception/assessment? - I don't see any material about how the cantata is assessed by critics, either back in the 1700s, or in the modern era. Can such information be included in the article? Alternatively, if the cantata is unremarkable and not considered special in any way, readers will want to know that also ... are there any sources that would support such a statement?
- Critical reception of church music was not existent at the time. (Even today, it would be rare, especially of a piece meant to be performed only once, or a few more times.) Only when he took the post was noted in the press, and without a remark about the music. All works by Bach are notable, just by being by Bach. --GA
- I understand that all works of his are notable. But readers will want to know: "Are there any music scholars (of any era) that have performed an analysis of this cantata? What attributes do they ascribe to the cantata? How do they describe its musical qualities (tone, harmony, etc)? When scholars compare it to other cantatas of Bach, what do they say? Relative to Bach's other cantatas, is there any data that gives readers an idea of its popularity (e.g. frequency of performance/recording; or rating by notable musicians or scholars)? Noleander (talk) 16:00, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- To be more specific: the article already has some analysis by musicologists, for example "Joachim Schulze notes that the "energetic repeated pitches, spacious broken chords, and sweeping passages" give the aria a heroic character, although the triple meter might indicate a dance type" ... there are a handful of these that are commenting on a specific movement, but I don't see any that address the entire cantata. For example, the Dürr source has these notes on BWV 43:
- "The text of this cantata is unorthodox in form, for it consists largely of a poem in six strophes (nos. 5–10). The explanation for this has been uncovered by the American Bach scholar William H. Scheide..."
- "The New Testament words, Mark 16.19, are drawn from the Gospel for Ascension Day, and the following strophic poem :: and the defeat of Satan, leading to the hope that the Saviour will prepare for me, too, a dwelling in heaven. "
- "In its festive scoring for three trumpets and drums, two oboes, strings, and continuo, "
- "... it is exceeded a little only by the Ascension Oratorio among Bach’s works for this occasion. "
- " This cantata leaves behind a somewhat mixed impression... "
- "The extensive text may explain a certain brevity—even scantiness—in its setting, which is reflected in the short arias and no fewer than four plain secco recitatives. Only the opening chorus forms an exception. "
- "... perhaps Johann Sebastian here modelled himself consciously on a work by his cousin Johann Ludwig. "
- Other sources on BWV 43 that might have insights that readers would benefit from include:
- Simon Crouch has a essay on BWV 43 here. Crouch is quoted in WP in Schlage doch, gewünschte Stunde, BWV 53
- Julian Mincham has a essay on BWV 43 here. Mincham is quoted in many WP Bach articles including GA Gottes Zeit ist die allerbeste Zeit, BWV 106
- Granted, these latter two sources are not as famous as Dürr, but they are quoted in other WP articles. Noleander (talk) 19:27, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- The bolded Dürr facts are all in Text and/or Movements (the summary right under that title, cantata as a whole), afaik, and some also in the lead. Why would they be in the body twice? Mincham was rejected as not a RS (by Brian Boulton), and is available as external link, as also Traupmann-Carr who had something special to offer to the Christmas Cantata BWV 110, but less so in this case. I'll check Crouch. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 20:32, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- I believe Classical Net was also among the unwanted self-published sources, and the short writing also provides nothing new. "Time constraint" is nonsense, - Bach wasn't obliged to write this cantata at all, - he could have used his cousin's work as on 18 other occasions. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 20:40, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- One voice that I usually quote is Gardiner who recorded all church cantatas over 2000 Bach Cantata Pilgrimage, but not this one then (too much noise in the live recording), but later. I tried to access the liner notes, but no luck here, nor on the Bach-Cantatas site. Can you perhaps see something there? - Another resource of commentary is the Netherlands Bach Society, but they haven't recorded this cantata yet. Other sources would be the Swiss project of Lutz, but it's a spoken lecture in German, and a MDR broadcast, same. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 08:13, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
- To be more specific: the article already has some analysis by musicologists, for example "Joachim Schulze notes that the "energetic repeated pitches, spacious broken chords, and sweeping passages" give the aria a heroic character, although the triple meter might indicate a dance type" ... there are a handful of these that are commenting on a specific movement, but I don't see any that address the entire cantata. For example, the Dürr source has these notes on BWV 43:
- I understand that all works of his are notable. But readers will want to know: "Are there any music scholars (of any era) that have performed an analysis of this cantata? What attributes do they ascribe to the cantata? How do they describe its musical qualities (tone, harmony, etc)? When scholars compare it to other cantatas of Bach, what do they say? Relative to Bach's other cantatas, is there any data that gives readers an idea of its popularity (e.g. frequency of performance/recording; or rating by notable musicians or scholars)? Noleander (talk) 16:00, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Critical reception of church music was not existent at the time. (Even today, it would be rare, especially of a piece meant to be performed only once, or a few more times.) Only when he took the post was noted in the press, and without a remark about the music. All works by Bach are notable, just by being by Bach. --GA
- ... are marked by green background under the header ... - WP:COLOR suggests that the article cannot use color alone to convey information. The table is okay, because it has the word "period" (in addition to the green color). Perhaps the "key" in the body text can also focus on the word "period" rather than the color?
- In earlier versions (of other cantatas), there were two colours and different texts within both. --GA
- The WP:COLOR says that WP articles should not rely on colors to convey information to readers, because some may be color blind. So, better would be ... are marked by the word "Period" in the Instr. column ... or ... are marked by the word "Period" and the color green in the Instr. column ... Noleander (talk) 16:00, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- adopting --Gerda Arendt (talk) 20:32, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- The WP:COLOR says that WP articles should not rely on colors to convey information to readers, because some may be color blind. So, better would be ... are marked by the word "Period" in the Instr. column ... or ... are marked by the word "Period" and the color green in the Instr. column ... Noleander (talk) 16:00, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- In earlier versions (of other cantatas), there were two colours and different texts within both. --GA
- Single paragraph? The final movement "11" at Gott_fähret_auf_mit_Jauchzen,_BWV_43#11 is the only movement with 2 paragraphs. Will some readers think the 2nd paragraph is a summary or conclusion to the "Movements" section (which has an intro paragraph at the top)? Even I'm not 100% sure if the 2nd paragraph is a summary of the whole cantata or not; I'm guessing it is not because the content doesnt read like a summary. But I had to stop and ponder. Consider merging the two paragraphs.
- A summary is rather given on top, right under Movements. I wonder why a reader would expect one under header 11. The instruments seem a completely different topic from where this music came from. I hope for a Lilypond rendering between the two paras, - is that possible, Michael? --GA
- Alt text missing in some images:
- "Duke Ernst Ludwig"
- InfoBox image
- done, sorry for the omission --Gerda Arendt (talk) 14:55, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Source: orig vs translation? The source Schulze, Hans-Joachim (4 April 2024). "Gott fähret auf mit Jauchzen BWV 43 / BC A 77". Commentaries on the Cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach. Windsor & Downs Press. ISBN 9780252056703. seems to have several editions:
- 2006 Original German edition
- 2024 English translation by Univ of Illinois Press
- Digital "companion" to the 2024 English translation
- Suggest clarifying by:
- a) use "language" and the "trans-title" fields to identify original language; and use "translator-first/last" fields identify the English translator; and "orig-year" field to display "2006".
- b) I cannot tell if (2) and (3) are the same book with same ISBN. If they are distinct, the source details should clearly identify one vs the other.
- c) Is publisher Windsor & Downs Press? or Univ of Illinois?
- Thank you for the details. FAs BWV 249 and BWV 110 have the kind of "abridged" version, but why not improve, for those readers who can deal with the original title? I can't answer b) and c). Otherwise taken. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 19:52, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Gerda Arendt: I'm still a bit confused. The citation should describe the edition that the editor read (not the edition that is recommended for readers). If the editor read the German edition, the cite should be something like: Schulze, Hans-Joachim (2006) "Gott fähret auf mit Jauchzen BWV 43 / BC A 77". Die Bach-Kantaten: Einführung zu sämtlichen Kantaten Johann Sebastian Bachs, Evangelische Verlagsanstalt (in German). ISBN ... If the editor read the English 2024 version, the cite should be something like: Schulze, Hans-Joachim (2024) [2006] "Gott fähret auf mit Jauchzen BWV 43 / BC A 77". Commentaries on the Cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach . Translated by Brokaw II, James A. Windsor & Downs Press. ISBN ... The cite now is a mixture of the 2006 German and 2024 English editions: Schulze, Hans-Joachim (4 April 2024) [2006]. "Gott fähret auf mit Jauchzen BWV 43 / BC A 77". Die Bach-Kantaten: Einführung zu sämtlichen Kantaten Johann Sebastian Bachs [Commentaries on the Cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach] (in German). Translated by Brokaw II, James A. Windsor & Downs Press. ISBN ..... The cite should describe only the edition that the editor read (the other edition can be mentioned in "Further Reading" section; or in parenthesis after the "main" edition). Noleander (talk) 15:23, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Sorry, I misunderstood your earlier comment. Trying again. As the German version is not online, and most readers will not be able to read it any, no further reading. They will find it when reading about the author. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 15:43, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Gerda Arendt: I'm still a bit confused. The citation should describe the edition that the editor read (not the edition that is recommended for readers). If the editor read the German edition, the cite should be something like: Schulze, Hans-Joachim (2006) "Gott fähret auf mit Jauchzen BWV 43 / BC A 77". Die Bach-Kantaten: Einführung zu sämtlichen Kantaten Johann Sebastian Bachs, Evangelische Verlagsanstalt (in German). ISBN ... If the editor read the English 2024 version, the cite should be something like: Schulze, Hans-Joachim (2024) [2006] "Gott fähret auf mit Jauchzen BWV 43 / BC A 77". Commentaries on the Cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach . Translated by Brokaw II, James A. Windsor & Downs Press. ISBN ... The cite now is a mixture of the 2006 German and 2024 English editions: Schulze, Hans-Joachim (4 April 2024) [2006]. "Gott fähret auf mit Jauchzen BWV 43 / BC A 77". Die Bach-Kantaten: Einführung zu sämtlichen Kantaten Johann Sebastian Bachs [Commentaries on the Cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach] (in German). Translated by Brokaw II, James A. Windsor & Downs Press. ISBN ..... The cite should describe only the edition that the editor read (the other edition can be mentioned in "Further Reading" section; or in parenthesis after the "main" edition). Noleander (talk) 15:23, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Source titles should use a consistent algorithm for capitalization (per WP:CITEVAR as of 2025. Article has mixture:
- The compositional process of J. S. Bach: A study of the autograph scores of the vocal works.
- Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician
- Ignore how the sources capitalize their own titles. Noleander (talk) 14:20, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- I changed the book title. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 15:07, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- "Bach composed rather few cantatas during his third ..." The phrase "rather few" sounds wrong to my American ears. Consider "few" or "relatively few" or ".. fewer cantatas in his third year than in the prior years ...".
- well, it was rather dramatic (every (weekly) occasion here, three months without any there), and "few" seems too little, - suggestions? --Gerda Arendt (talk) 15:07, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- It depends on what the sources say. Why are they saying "few"? Are they emphasizing that Bach's productivity slowed down in his 3rd year (vs years 1 and 2)? Why did he slow down? Health reasons? Busy with other obligations? Bored with the cantata format? I have not read the sources, so I cannot give concrete suggestions ... it depends on what the sources are trying to tell their readers. Noleander (talk) 16:05, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- I consider "few". Speculations about why are not in the sources, and wouldn't matter much for this cantata anyway. Bach's first two cycles (imagine the immense stress they must have meant for him and the musicians: a weekly world premiere of a 20-minutes piece, and daily for the high holidays) are mentioned in Background. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 21:01, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- It depends on what the sources say. Why are they saying "few"? Are they emphasizing that Bach's productivity slowed down in his 3rd year (vs years 1 and 2)? Why did he slow down? Health reasons? Busy with other obligations? Bored with the cantata format? I have not read the sources, so I cannot give concrete suggestions ... it depends on what the sources are trying to tell their readers. Noleander (talk) 16:05, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- well, it was rather dramatic (every (weekly) occasion here, three months without any there), and "few" seems too little, - suggestions? --Gerda Arendt (talk) 15:07, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Clarify "cycle" vs "year" for groups of cantatas. The article uses the words "cycle" and "year" in a way that may confuse readers that are not experts. Some readers will assume that cycle 1 = year 1, cycle 2= year 2, etc. I'm not sure how they correlate. I see that "cycle 3" redirects to Church cantatas of Bach's third to fifth year in Leipzig. So maybe it is:
- cycle 1 = year 1
- cycle 2 = year 2
- cycle 3 = years 3,4,5
- In any case, readers will want clarity on how year # relates to cycle #
- Well, this is so, because Bach composed fewer cantatas, and it took longer to have something for at least more occasions than the few from the third year. But as we are in the third year and the third cycle, it's still as expected, no? - It crossed my mind (before you asked) to change that linked article to a table sortable by both performance date and occasion, - I'll see ... --Gerda Arendt (talk) 15:32, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for the information. My point is that non-musician readers coming to this article will get confused by the terms such as "3rd year" or "3rd cycle". Bach experts have no confusion. It will help readers if the article provides a brief note helping readers associate cycles to year. For example, a small "efn" footnote could describe how years map to cycles. Noleander (talk) 16:08, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- well, this is new, - in previous articles people seemed to have understood that in his first year on the post he wrote the first cycle of cantatas, and in his second year the second cycle, and in his third year the third cycle. I believe that Background says that, no? "Year" doesn't mean calendar year (but 12 months), because he took office in the middle of the year, but that is said as well. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 21:06, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for the information. My point is that non-musician readers coming to this article will get confused by the terms such as "3rd year" or "3rd cycle". Bach experts have no confusion. It will help readers if the article provides a brief note helping readers associate cycles to year. For example, a small "efn" footnote could describe how years map to cycles. Noleander (talk) 16:08, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Well, this is so, because Bach composed fewer cantatas, and it took longer to have something for at least more occasions than the few from the third year. But as we are in the third year and the third cycle, it's still as expected, no? - It crossed my mind (before you asked) to change that linked article to a table sortable by both performance date and occasion, - I'll see ... --Gerda Arendt (talk) 15:32, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- In any case, readers will want clarity on how year # relates to cycle #
- Sources are grouped into three groups:
- Bach Digital (a single source)
- Sources by author
- Other sources
- It is odd that "Bach Digital" gets its own group. Consider simplifying by combining "Bach Digital" into "Other sources"
- Bach Digital - as you may have seen - is The source, not any other. Compare other FAs such as Easter Oratorio (where admittedly there are many more under the header) --GA
- It is odd that "Bach Digital" gets its own group. Consider simplifying by combining "Bach Digital" into "Other sources"
- Capitalization in table: "boy soloist of the Thomanerchor" - "Boy" should be capitalized (occurs twice)
- wouldn't that look like a soloist named Boy? --Gerda Arendt (talk) 15:12, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Perhaps that problem can be solved by re-wording to something like: Anonymous soprano from Thomanerchor or Unknown soprano from Thomanerchor or Anonymous boy soprano from Thomanerchor etc. - Noleander (talk) 16:10, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- but we want to be concise in the table, - I'd rather have Boy. "boy" hasn't been a problem yet. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 20:53, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Perhaps that problem can be solved by re-wording to something like: Anonymous soprano from Thomanerchor or Unknown soprano from Thomanerchor or Anonymous boy soprano from Thomanerchor etc. - Noleander (talk) 16:10, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- wouldn't that look like a soloist named Boy? --Gerda Arendt (talk) 15:12, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- 5 singers? The SWF recording in the table is: boy soloist of the Thomanerchor, Nobuko Gamo-Yamamoto, Annelies Westen, Horst Wilhelm, Dieter Slembeck It appears to be naming 5 people. All the other recordings have exactly 4 people. Is it correct?
- oh no, - thanks for catching that! - no boy in that recording, must have happened when copying. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 15:21, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
... in progress ... Noleander (talk) 13:53, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments by Wehwalt
- "in two parts to be performed before and after the sermon."I might say "broken into two parts, performed before and after the sermon.
- "broken" sounds negative to me, how about "divided"? --GA
- "The poem may have existed separately, quoted by the librettist" I might add an "and is being" before the "quoted" (you may not need the comma in that case).
- We are in "may be" territory, and can't suddenly say "is". How is this: "The anonymous poem may have existed separately/previously, being quoted by the librettist"? - actually, we might also drop the whole "quoted" clause, because what else? --GA
- I guess. Maybe ", and was quoted by the librettist"?
- "expresses that God makes the prisons captives,[1] in syllabic declamation.[14]" What does "the prisons captives" mean? It feels like there is either an apostrophe missing or an "s" surplus?
- Complicated. This is the translation of a paraphrase of a line in the Bible (of an originally Greek line), "Wherefore he saith, When he ascended up on high, he led captivity captive, and gave gifts unto men. The Biblical line was already mentioned in "Text" further up. The Baroque librettist paraphrased "captivity captive" as "prisons captive" (Da die Gefängnisse er selbst gefangen führt = "since he leads the prisons themselves as his captives", - this is the Dellal tranlation, while Jones stayed in his less literal translation closer to the Bible, which means closer to the Greek. We could do the same. What do you think? --GA
- "in two parts to be performed before and after the sermon."I might say "broken into two parts, performed before and after the sermon.
1923 season 2
- Nominator(s): TheDoctorWho (talk) 11:11, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
Late last year I took a deep dive into the Yellowstone franchise, watching the parent series and both prequels in a little under two months. Since then a sequel has premiered, and another is on the way; but at the time, 1923 was the series that I was most in awe with. From the storytelling to the production value, I became deeply obsessed with the show and realized how underdeveloped Wikipedia's coverage on it was. So I did what any rationale person would do: wrote an article about the second season... first (the first season is next on my list, then improving the parent article). After three months in the draft space, during which I wrote one of the most in-depth articles of my Wikipedia "career", I spent significant time polishing it off through a good article nomination, peer review, and copyedit from the guild. While the PR didn't get much activity, it helped me clear up many of the citation issues that would have arisen here. The result is an article I'm proud to bring to FAC and believe it meets the criteria. I look forward to addressing any comments or concerns the community may have. TheDoctorWho (talk) 11:11, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Pokelego
I will leave some comments sometime in the next few days. Magneton Considerer: Pokelego999 (Talk) (Contribs) 03:33, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
- "Season two was also noted for its positive economic impact in Montana and Texas, and set viewership records" Perhaps re-word this? The viewership records should either be a separate sentence or have changed wording, since it doesn't have a lot to do with the economic impact.
- Done
- Not super familiar with this kind of cast list formatting, but do cast lists need to be cited when done like this?
- Sourced the main cast primarily for the roles. The guest cast, along with the roles they play, appear in the closing credits of the episodes themselves. They should therefore be covered by the same concept as WP:CITEPLOT/WP:PLOTSOURCE I believe, in that the work itself serves as a primary source.
- Would it be possible to give some kind of synopsis of season 1 prior to the episode list? As someone who's never watched the show it's very confusing since I have no idea who these characters are or how they got into these situations initially.
- In a broader sense, the two seasons are connected closely enough that the brief premise given in the lead is essentially that of the first season as well (obviously just without going into much detail). I did attempt to briefly elaborate in the episode table here and there (why the Dutton ranch is having financial issues, why Zane and Alice are in jail, Teonna's situation and the fact that Spencer and Alex are separated is already mentioned). If you truly think it needs it, I could add a more in-detailed plot of season 1, although I'm not aware of any other featured season list that does and I'm not sure if it would be out of scope for this page?
- "In the series' final scene, however, they reconnecting once more, this time in an afterlife" Typo here. Also not sure if in "Despite the title of the series, the end of the second season extends into 1924" 1924 is meant to be italicized or not.
- Done on the first part. 1924 is not meant to be italicized as it refers to a year/setting, not a work.
- "Roché said he had mixed emotions filming this scene because, although violent, he believed it was well-composed." Not quite sure this sentence is needed, since it doesn't really add much and is a bit confusing.
- Removed
- "Photorealistic creature work was done by Rodeo FX, who created a wolf and a mountain lion; Folks VFX, who added elk; and Outpost VFX, who was responsible for cattle." Commas should be used instead of semi-colons here, since the bits after them are not independent clauses.
- Done
- What are the reliabilities of JoBlo Movie Network and The Playlist? I would also advise removing Screen Rant, since WP:VALNET sources are considered low quality for usage in FAC.
- ScreenRant removed. For JoBlo, there's an about page that clearly lists editorial oversight and (albeit brief), a history of the site. There's been little discussion about it at RSP over the years, but I can see it's been used in several promoted FA's within the last five years (RoboCop, Saving Private Ryan, Terminator 2: Judgement Day, and John Wick), which I believe speaks to it's reliability.
- The Playlist similarly has an about page, that mentions an editorial process. The author of the article this page is citing is the editor and chief. Additionally, that author has written for SPIN Magazine, MTV News, and IndieWire has covered both the site, and quoted the author at which point (if the about wasn't convincing enough), we'd likely be approaching subject matter expert territory.
- For the multiple citations attributed to the Whitfield storyline, I'd insert the multiple citations after the first sentence, and then distribute relevant citations after the particular reviewers for proper attribution.
- Done
@TheDoctorWho: Mostly some minor comments, but this is the bulk of my comments. I'd also go through and make sure you're careful about tensing, since I noticed the article tends to hop between present and past tense a fair bit. Ping me when the above are addressed.
- Thank you for the comments, should have time to get to these later today, tomorrow at the latest TheDoctorWho (talk) 10:12, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Pokelego999: I haven't checked for tensing yet, but I did address most of your comments. I left a few replies above just to see if it cleared up other concerns, or if not, for further input (mainly around plot and sources). TheDoctorWho (talk) 18:04, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- @TheDoctorWho I think that should be everything addressed. Happy to Support since I trust the tensing issue will be addressed (And is not a super big deal all things considered). Magneton Considerer: Pokelego999 (Talk) (Contribs) 03:25, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Pokelego999: I haven't checked for tensing yet, but I did address most of your comments. I left a few replies above just to see if it cleared up other concerns, or if not, for further input (mainly around plot and sources). TheDoctorWho (talk) 18:04, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you for the comments, should have time to get to these later today, tomorrow at the latest TheDoctorWho (talk) 10:12, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Older nominations
Operation Forager logistics
This article is about the logistics of Operation Forager, the capture of the Mariana Islands during World War II. While I have written about the logistics of the campaigns in North West Europe and the South West Pacific, this is the first article on Wikipedia about the logistics of one of the campaigns in Micronesia. Due to the vast size of the Pacific Ocean, just getting there with what was needed was an achievement in itself. Subsequently, the islands were developed into naval and air bases from which the final campaigns against Japan were launched. Hawkeye7 (discuss) 18:43, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
Nick-D
I reviewed this article's recent A-class nomination, and it seems to have been improved since. I'd like to offer the following comments:
- "carrying 5,000 different items, such as toilet paper" - suggest deleting everything after 'items' as this example seems oddly specific for the lead
- Marine divisions were authorized to have a shore party - suggest deleting "to have"
- "but the United States military remained on the island" - in what capacity?
- Were any of the construction or logistics units deployed to the islands African-American units? This isn't noted at present if so, but would be worth noting given the racial policies of the time meant that it was the main way African Americans contributed to the Pacific War. Nick-D (talk) 04:46, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Yes. African-Americans served in base companies in the Pacific Area. An African-American sailor appears in the image at the top of the page. Two African-American Seabee units were organised: the 34th and 80th Naval Constriction Battalions but the 80th served in the Atlantic and the 34th on Guadalcanal and Okinawa. The Army's 1882nd Engineer Aviation Battalion served on Saipan in 1945. Race relations were very poor, as demonstrated by the Agana Race Riot. Hawkeye7 (discuss) 08:48, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Background
- You could link "amphibious operation" to amphibious warfare.
- On 24 July 1944, the 4th Marine Division landed on nearby Tinian
- You could link to "Tinian" on first mention, and also to the Battle of the Philippine Sea.
- "where there were two very small beaches that were lightly defended” → "where two very small beaches were lightly defended"
MSincccc (talk) 05:47, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Naval logistics (Shipping)
- You could mention the full form of "LVTs" on first mention.
- "as were all but three of the auxiliary ships" → "as were all but three auxiliary ships"
- "converted to use as an oil tanker" → "converted for use as an oil tanker"
- More idiomatic?
- Some units of the V Amphibious Corps and the XXIV Corps Artillery found themselves travelling separately from their unit equipment
- did not put any of their supplies on pallets at all
- "each type of supplies" → "each type of supply"
- Naval logistics (Food and water)
- "to provide water to smaller vessels lacking sufficient water storage" → "to provide water to smaller vessels lacking sufficient storage"
- "The 77th Infantry Division took with it 190,000 US gallons" → "The 77th Infantry Division took 190,000 US gallons"
- Naval logistics (Fuel)
- each of which had three oilers, escorted by at least two destroyers or destroyer escorts
- Naval logistics (Ammunition)
- You could link to War Shipping Administration.
MSincccc (talk) 04:34, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ship-to-shore
- The lead uses "LVT" without mentioning the full form whereas the body gives the full name (LVT) twice. How about doing so once each in the lead and body?
- five days' of supply
- You could split a few of the longer sentences, but the section is otherwise fine as it is.
I intend to conclude the review by tomorrow. MSincccc (talk) 16:54, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Base development
- "so in order to not interrupt fighter operations" → "so as not to interrupt fighter operations"
- Maintenance Unit 515, arrived with the assault
- The 7,000-by-150-foot (2,134 by 46 m) was sealed
- North Field was commissioned on 3 February 1945,
- Guam hosted 100,000 Vietnamese refugees in 1975,
- Bottom line
Dimitri Mascarenhas
This article is about the English international cricketer Dimitri Mascarenhas. Born to Sri Lankan parents in London, Mascarenhas spent his youth in Australia, before securing a contract in English county cricket with Hampshire, who he played for between 1996 and 2013. He later captained Hampshire with success in limited-overs cricket. He was best known as a limited-overs specialist, playing both One Day International and Twenty20 International cricket for England, playing in two T20 World Cups and notably hitting Indian bowling Yuvraj Singh for five consecutive sixes in an ODI - in the process scoring the must runs in an ODI over for England. His all-round abilities as a bowler and an attacking batsman drew the attention of the Rajasthan Royals, captained by Shane Warne (who played alongside and captained Mascarenhas at Hampshire) with Mascarenhas becoming the first English player to take part in the Indian Premier League. Setting a precedent that would be followed by countless other English cricketers, Mascarenhas is considered a "T20 revolutionary" and featured in several T20 leagues around the world. All feedback for this article greatly received. AA (talk) 17:40, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- File:Dimitri Mascarenhas.jpg: the source of this file on Flickr explicitly says "all rights reserved". There does not appear to be any evidence to suggest User:Rka11111 is Richard Avis. I am tagging this as "no permission" on Commons.
- File:Yuvraj Singh bowling (cropped).jpg: OK
- File:Hampshire vs Sussex, 2009 Friends Provident Trophy, Lord's.jpg: OK
―Howard • 🌽33 21:48, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- How annoying. I'll remove the photo until it is confirmed, though I don't hold much hope - the uploader hasn't been active on Commons since 2011 and Flickr since 2014. AA (talk) 22:40, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- I've added an additional picture and used the |upright parameter to make the image a little bigger. There is another image option, though it is poorer detail. Both show the ground when Mascarenhas scored his first century, and before it was redeveloped and increased in size. AA (talk) 22:58, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Additional review:
- File:England vs Sri Lanka.jpg: OK (source on Flickr says CC BY-NC, but a 2006 Commons reviewer confirmed it was CC BY at the time; I am therefore adding c:Template:Flickr-change-of-license). ―Howard • 🌽33 10:01, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- I've added an additional picture and used the |upright parameter to make the image a little bigger. There is another image option, though it is poorer detail. Both show the ground when Mascarenhas scored his first century, and before it was redeveloped and increased in size. AA (talk) 22:58, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Early life
- When he was a child, his parents emigrated again, to Melbourne in Australia.
- Drop the comma?
- His father ran a chain of successful fast-food restaurants there
- You could drop "there".
- You could mention Trinity College, Perth in full for clarity.
- You could drop the link to "batting".
- having been impressed by him.
- You could drop this phrase, since the previous clause already formed this idea.
- "fostering ambitions" → "with ambitions"
- Well, we finally have a modern-day cricketer at FAC. How about Stokes, Buttler, Bethell, Root or Brook in future?
More to follow. MSincccc (talk) 07:25, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- Cricket career (Early years)
- "He played minor counties cricket for Dorset in 1996" → "He played minor counties cricket for Dorset that year"
- Linking "7/64" to Five-wicket haul could mislead the surface reader to think that the figure itself had an article on it.
- with Mascarenhas claiming 16 wickets in his first two matches.
- Wouldn't "taking" be more natural and common among general readers?
- "he was afflicted with a back injury" → "he suffered a back injury" (A suggestion)
- and with the bat scored 645 runs at an average of 28.04,
- How about dropping "with the bat"?
- Apart from Early years which is a level-3 heading, all others are level-4, causing them to come under "Early years". I suppose that's not your intention.
- Could we include at least one picture of Mascarenhas in the article? No worries, if not (since I did not come across any on Commons).
- Comment. I was surprised there are no pictures of him freely avaliable. Annoying the original photo in the infobox seems to have been uploaded by someone who nicked the photo from elsewhere. I asked a few weeks back on WP:CRIC if anyone had photos of him, as some of the project members went to T20 finals day's in the early 2010s, but nobody responded to say they had any :( AA (talk) 19:41, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc (talk) 08:41, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- First century
- His Championship appearances were limited by a back injury sustained in a Championship match in May, keeping him out throughout June.
- You could avoid repeating "Championship" in the sentence.
- He was appointed Hampshire's T20 captain in 2007
- Do we need more than two links to "captain" (one each in the lead and article body)?
- "taking one five-wicket haul" → "including a/one five-wicket haul"
- Done. Have linked five-wicket haul a in the prior paragraph. And have reworded this part to now say "taking five wickets in an innings against Yorkshire in the County Championship in May." as there were three occurrences of "five-wicket haul" within a few sentences. AA (talk) 20:07, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- "top-score" "top score"
- "in a 46 runs victory" → "in a 46-run victory"
- average of exactly 25
- Do we need "exactly"?
- "a second placed finish" → "a second-place finish"
- Do we have finer alternatives for title of this sub-section?
- Done. Funny you mention this. I have been unhappy with that sub-section title for a while, been bugging me. He really becomes established as Hampshire's main all-rounder during the period the section covers, so I have gone with "Established all-rounder". How does that sound? AA (talk) 20:07, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc (talk) 09:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- International debut
- with his all-round performance in the first of 31 runs from 14 balls, including four consecutive sixes from Jeetan Patel's bowling,[67] and 2 for 19 from 4 overs contributing to England's victory by 32 runs and earning him man-of-the-match.
- You could rephrase this to make it easier for a general reader to understand.
- Done. How does this read now? "He played in both T20I matches that opened the series. In the first, he scored 31 runs from 14 balls, hitting four consecutive sixes off Jeetan Patel's bowling, and took 2 for 19 from 4 overs. His all-round performance earned him man-of-the-match in England's 32-run victory."
- Twenty20 revolutionary
- Mascarenhas played for the Rajasthan Royals in the 2010 IPL season, but injured his Achilles in his second match against Delhi Daredevils, forcing him to return home from the tournament;[85] this caused him to miss the beginning of the English season and ruled him out of the 2010 World Twenty20, having been named in the initial 30-man squad.
- You could split this sentence.
- "taking 5 wickets at an average of 30.40" → "taking five wickets at an average of 30.40"
- It's more common to spell the number if it's under ten.
- "expletive laden Tweet" → "expletive-laden tweet"
- You could link to this article.
- "He had nursed torn tendons" → "He nursed torn tendons"
- "defeat to Lancashire" → "defeat by Lancashire"
- "During the course of the competition" → "During the competition"
- "In July, Mascarenhas had announced" → "In July, Mascarenhas announced"
- I would suggest converting this into a section itself rather than including it under Career as has been done for many players.
- "being able to score quickly to accelerate the total" → "being able to score quickly to accelerate the scoring"
- "which assisted with accelerating an innings" → "which helped to accelerate an innings"
- "remaining so until" → "remaining so until it was"
- "inclusive of T20Is" → "including T20Is"
AssociateAffiliate I look forward to your response and intend to conclude my review soon. I hope that my comments so far have been helpful, and I have made a few minor revisions along the way. MSincccc (talk) 07:40, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Coaching
- "choosing not to renew his contract for a second season" → "choosing not to renew his contract"
- Simpler?
- None, except optional stylistic tweaks.
- Bottom line
- Thanks for the review, much appreciated. One or two things happening over the next few days, but will attempt to work my way through! Cheers again, AA (talk) 19:22, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- @MSincccc found myself having some spare time this evening, so have gone through your comments. Please find above my responses, and thanks again for taking the time to review :) AA (talk) 21:22, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- @AssociateAffiliate I will support the nomination. It would be great to have a T20 era player reach featured status. MSincccc (talk) 04:50, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
- @MSincccc found myself having some spare time this evening, so have gone through your comments. Please find above my responses, and thanks again for taking the time to review :) AA (talk) 21:22, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
Michael Aurel
Here from my talk page. I'll confess that I've never warmed much to the T20 format, but as an Australian I can hardly say no to a bit of Shane Warne. At first glance, this looks like another nicely put together cricket biography. I'll get started on my review soon. – Michael Aurel (talk) 00:17, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
Misti
- Nominator(s): Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 10:19, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
Hopefully, this time it will work. Misti is a volcano in Peru, a nearly perfect cone which is among the most dangerous volcanoes in the world. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 10:19, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- File:Volcano_Misti,_Peru.jpg: OK
- File:Peru physical map.svg: OK
- File:P1020738 El Misti Krater.jpg: The file is oddly formatted; for one it gives "Peru" as the source of the image instead of "own work", and it gives the name of "R.D. Hoogendoorn" as the author instead of the username. Nevertheless, it is not unheard of for some Commons users to insert their real names as author on Commons as opposed to their username. Given that it has intact EXIF data and I couldn't find an earlier instance of this image through reverse image searching, I'm inclined to believe this is an own work of User:Mrbold and he just decided to credit his real name. I advise changing the source from "Peru" to c:Template:Own.
- File:Ubinas and Misti.jpg: OK
- File:El Misti Volcano and Arequipa, Peru.jpg: confirmed as NASA work, but add this archive url to the source as it is currently a dead link.
- File:Volcán Misti desde Arequipa, Perú, 2015-08-02, DD 03.JPG: OK
File:Ausangate-hillside-MT.jpg: OK- Looking closer on this one, it lacks alt text and needs to have alt text added at Module:Portal/images/a. However, this can only be edited by a template editor. Either edit it yourself if you have the rights or submit an edit request. ―Howard • 🌽33 22:05, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
―Howard • 🌽33 21:31, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed the images. Going by the mentions of ALT text at Template talk:Portal I doubt that there'll be consensus to add ALT text to these modules. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 11:19, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Noleander
- The previous nomination was archived on 17 Jan 2026. A log of the changes to the article since then is here. That change log shows a new source, and quite a bit of copy editing.
- I reviewed this article in the prior nomination, and supported it then. Regardless, I'll review it again here, from a fresh perspective.
- Looking at the prior FAC nomination, there were two "cannot support" reviews, from User:Esculenta: and User:RoySmith. Both gave prose quality as an explanation, saying it was "prose to be clunky and not of a professional standard" and "I find the overall style to not meet WP:FACR’s 'engaging' requirement". So, I'll try to focus on that.
- "Show Ref Check" tool shows that some books include location/city datum, some do not. This is not a showstopper for FA, just an observation.
- Standardized location. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- Should wikilink "Condesuyos" to Condesuyos province
- Done. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- Consider adding Misti to the list of hausbergs in Hausberg article. Not required for FA.
- Did it anyway. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- The following are some sentences in the article that perhaps could be improved:
- Misti is considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world, as it lies only 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Arequipa. The city's population exceeds one million people... - Some readers may think the word "dangerous" by itself means the volcano has killed large numbers of people in the past. Is it better to say "potentially dangerous" or "potentially deadly" or something like that? *: I am not sure that most people would make that assumption. Also, if my understanding is correct, one shouldn't use templates like {{green}} in FAC as it can break the WP:PEIS limit Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yeah, the FAC template/PEIS rules are pretty confusing. I think the FAC page says that color templates are acceptable: "For technical reasons, templates that are acceptable are ... templates such as Template:green that apply colours to text and are used to highlight examples without altering fonts." If I'm interpreting that wrong, let me know. Noleander (talk) 13:42, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- @FAC coordinators: JoJo Eumerus mobile (main talk) 08:33, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yeah, the FAC template/PEIS rules are pretty confusing. I think the FAC page says that color templates are acceptable: "For technical reasons, templates that are acceptable are ... templates such as Template:green that apply colours to text and are used to highlight examples without altering fonts." If I'm interpreting that wrong, let me know. Noleander (talk) 13:42, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- ... the mummies on Misti form the largest known Inca human sacrifice. The word "largest" is a bit ambiguous: By volume? By hectares? By body count? Do the sources suggest a more precise word that would eliminate all ambiguity?
- Body count, I don't know of any better word but then English isn't my first language. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- It is unclear whether the Inca were the first Altiplano political entities to influence the region or whether previous cultures played a role. Phrase "political entities" sounds odd in that first location. Consider "culture", or "civilization", or "peoples" And "influence" is very vague: what exactly are the sources trying to say? Is it Scholars are not certain if the Inca were the first peoples to settle in the region around Misti. or Scholars are not certain if the Inca were the first civilization to inhabit the region around Misti. ?
- Went with civilizations. Narrowing down "influence" probably isn't going to work; even Love 2017 doesn't specify that much. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- A second station ("Mt. Blanc Station") was after 1888 built at the volcano’s base; Grammar seems wrong there ... unless that is some British dialect I'm not familiar with. My ears want to hear "was built sometime after 1888".
- Recast this. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- A range of distances, with two units: extends for roughly 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)-1,500 kilometres (930 mi) The Template:convert template includes a built-in range feature, described here that should automatically display a more elegant pattern like 1,000 –1,500 km (620 –930 miles) . The latter is a lot better for readers, in my opinion.
- Done. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- n-dash vs hyphen? Same sentence as above: MOS:RANGE says to use a n-dash (not hyphen) for number ranges. If you use the Template:convert template range feature, it displays the n-dash automatically.
- Is there a script that can do that change? Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- The volcano is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) wide[70] and rises abruptly[i] from the surrounding terrain. The footnote [i] says: The volcano rises about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) above Arequipa. Would the footnote be better in the body text? The sentence could simply state the width & height of the volcano in km.
- Did the recast. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- Continuing with the above sentence: The word "abrupt" is vague & ambiguous in this context. Does it mean steep? The slope was presented above as only 30%. Does it mean "tall"? Abrupt not a good word for "tall". Does it means that there is a cliff or escarpment at the base of the volcano? If so, say so. Consider eliminating the word "abrupt" or add words explaining precisely what is meant.
- "Abruptly" in the sense that it's not a gentle ascent, but a sudden transition in slope/terrain. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- The snowline lies above the summit. During December–August, snow can cover an area of 1–7 square kilometres... The word "snowline" is ambiguous .. it can mean the current (today) snowline, which varies a lot; or it can mean the permanent snowline (above which is snow-covered all year). From context, I'm guessing this article means "permanent snowline" ... but why make the reader do that work? Consider re-wording to simply say There are no permanent snowfields on Misti. During December–August, snow can cover an area ...
- Expanded this a bit. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- List of recent eruptions: Radiocarbon dating has identified eruptions 8,140, 6,390, 5,200, 4,750, 3,800 and 2,050 years ago; the 3,800 eruption deposited fallout on Nevado Mismi more than 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Misti. The Global Volcanism Program lists eruptions in 310 BCE ± 100 years, 2230 BCE ± 200 years, 3510 BCE ± 150 years, 4020 BCE ± 200 years, 5390 BCE ± 75 years and 7190 BCE ± 150 years. This uses two units of time: "years ago" and BCE. That is not helpful for readers. If the sources use two units of time, readers will want the WP editors to convert to a single unit. (Exception: times long ago may use different units than recent times ... but this green text above is only a single span of time).
- I must confess that I don't remember the conversion formula. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- Continuning with the above: I'm confused why the "Radiocarbon dating" gives on list of eruptions, and Global Volcanism Program gives another list. If there is an important reason why the two lists are different, the article should explain. If there is no good reason, it is simply confusing to the reader: readers don't care what primary sources the WP editor relied on: just give us the summary information. If the two sources are both valid but came up with different sets of dates: just silently merge the two lists (and maybe discuss the two sources in a footnote).
- It's a pretty banal reason: Two distinct sources with different format. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- Contradictory statements? Most sources state that there is no clear evidence of eruptions after the arrival of the Spaniards, while the Global Volcanism Program reports a last eruption in 1985 and INGEMMET says it's the third-most active volcano of Peru. Mudflows descended the southern valleys until the 17th century. The mountain is sometimes reported to be "smoking" at its summit, including water vapour clouds. Phreatic eruptions may have taken place in 1577, 2 May 1677, 9 July 1784, 28 July 1787 and 10 October 1787
- If "most sources" say no eruption, but only one (GVP) says there were ... readers don't want to know the identity of that one outlier source ... just say "most sources" and leave it at that.
- "INGEMMET says it's the third-most active volcano " is in the same sentence as "no clear evidence of eruptions", but "active" can mean just seismic activities and other stuff not qualifying as an eruption... why mix eruptions with activity in a single sentence? Consider separating into two sentences: eruptions & activity.
- That's a good point - but in this case, GVP (most important English language source on global volcanism, perhaps most important source on global volcanism period) INGEMMET (most important Spanish language and Peru-relevant source) and "most sources" are all relevant so we need to cite them all. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- "Phreatic eruptions may have taken..." Here the article tells the reader that reliable sources state that eruptions are likely to have happened after the Spaniards arrived ... seems to contradict the "Most sources state that there is no clear evidence of eruptions after .." in the 1st sentence. If "Phreatic eruptions" are minor and don't qualify as "full" eruptions, okay, but that needs to be explained. Alternatively, if the article is trying to distinguish between "eruptions proven by solid evidence (none)" and "speculative eruptions that have poor/no evidence (several)", that is okay, but needs to be clarified.
- I am not sure that everyone regards phreatic eruptions as bona fide volcanic activity. And yes, they are hard to prove empirically but I don't have a source for that. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- That's all I have for now. Noleander (talk) 23:08, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Moisejp
Hi Jo-Jo, I'll review this. I'll warn you my reviews aren't too speedy but I'll try not to be too slow either. ;-) It's late tonight so only time for a couple of things tonight that jumped out at me just now.
- The name "Misti" may derive from either Quechuan or Spanish. It means 'mixed', 'mestizo' or 'white' and may refer to the volcano's snow cover. Indigenous names include Putina,[1][2] meaning 'mountain that growls'[3] – You've got double quotes for "Misti" and single quotes for some other terms. Scanning down farther I see double quotes for "smoking" and "tornillos". Dunno if there are other instances of single or double, but please check.
- Aye, single quote for the translation and double quote for the technical term and/or quote, hence the discrepancy. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:15, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- "Misti is the hausberg (house mountain) of Arequipa,[14] features on its seal,[15] and the residents view themselves as the offspring of the mountain." Would be nice to use a parallel structure in this sentence. (Currently the second clause, separated by a comma from the first, carries over the subject from the first, but the third clause, also separated by a comma, introduces a new subject.) More to follow, thanks! Moisejp (talk) 07:26, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- Don't think there is a better place for this, sorry. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:15, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
Rugrats: Search for Reptar
This article is about a late-90s video game based on one of the most popular children's franchises at the time. Cukie Gherkin brought it to GA status in the early 2010s, and after some edits I think its now ready for FA status. Special thanks to Crystal Drawers and HurricaneZeta for reviewing this at its recent PR. Z1720 (talk) 22:51, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Lead
- As an initial comment, I would suggest adding the relevant language template ("Use ... English") to the mainspace. MSincccc (talk) 05:50, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- You could link to Minigame and Level (video games).
- You could also link "main character" to protagonist.
- For both of these, I think this falls into MOS:OVERLINK and that most readers will know what these are without the link. Z1720 (talk) 15:57, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- It is a single-player 3D platform game in which the player controls several of the main characters from the television show to accomplish various goals.
- You could simplify this sentence to ...where the player controls several main characters.... or similar versions.
- The levels can be played in any order, but some more difficult ones must be unlocked first by completing tasks in earlier stages.
- How about "Levels can be played in any order, but some must be unlocked by completing earlier tasks" or similar versions?
A few minor suggestions to begin with. More to follow. MSincccc (talk) 06:02, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Development and release
- You could link to tie-ins.
- I think that's another MOS:OVERLINK. Z1720 (talk) 18:59, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- THQ created a multimillion-dollar marketing campaign for Search for Reptar, the second-biggest campaign of 1998 for a video game after The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time's campaign.
- The repetition of "campaign" could be avoided.
- for all current and future game systems from Nintendo, Sony, and Sega.
- Do we need to mention "game systems" or would "systems" alone suffice?
- I think the clarification is helpful here: some might think its for other media or entertainment systems (some sort of Rugrats cinematic universe or for other merchandising) so I'm OK with keeping "game"
- The game was also designed to appeal to fans of the television series with level ideas inspired by television episodes.
- The repetition of "television" could be avoided.
- "features voice actors from the cartoon that reprise their roles" → "features voice actors from the cartoon who reprise their roles"
- "distributed among kiosks, hardware pack-ins, and on" → "distributed via/through kiosks, hardware pack-ins, and on" (avoids the lack of parallel structure)
- the younger children's market
- Both "younger" and "children's" feel a bit redundant.
MSincccc (talk) 06:18, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Reception
- Reviewers stated that the game had an easy difficulty rating appealing to a younger audience, while older players, especially those who were fans of the television show or casual gamers, could enjoy the game[4][3][19][20] but might lose interest after quickly mastering the game's mechanics.
- This sentence could be split.
- You could link to game mechanics.
- Another MOS:OVERLINK concern. Z1720 (talk) 19:03, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- "sometimes the camera angle, when entering a room, would cause the controls to reverse"
→ "sometimes entering a room caused the camera angle to reverse controls"
MSincccc (talk) 16:43, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Bottom line
- That's all from me. I look forward to your thoughts and I hope my suggestions have been helpful. MSincccc (talk) 16:55, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Lead
- It was well-received commercially and was the third-best-selling game in the first two weeks of its release.
- Doesn't "third best-selling" imply commercial success?
- The body
- "Among the first projects announced from this deal" → "One of the first projects announced under this deal"
- More idiomatic?
- and on PlayStation: The Official Magazine demo discs.
- You could drop the "on".
That's all from me after a re-read. MSincccc (talk) 03:56, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review - pass
Hi Z1720, happy to do the image review. The article contains the following images:
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rugrats_-_Search_for_Reptar_Coverart.png
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rugrats_Search_for_Reptar_2.png
Both are non-free images with valid use rationales and low enough resolution. The source of the second image does not show the image. It had images before but they have been removed, so there is probably not much we can do about it. Both images have captions and are placed in appropriate locations. The second image lacks an alt-text, so I suggesting adding one. Phlsph7 (talk) 10:33, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Phlsph7: For the second image, the waybackmachine did not have the file saved, so I replaced it with another gameplay image from a different source, and I think it is properly licenced now. The image also has alt text. Let me know if there are any concerns (or if this is a pass). Thanks, Z1720 (talk) 18:32, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
Crystal Drawers
Starting the review, will likely review the rest by tonight. Crystal Drawers 🎖️ (wanna talk?) 17:57, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
Lead
- "exclusively for PlayStation" — I feel this would work better at the end of the first sentence (so, the first two sentences would look something like “Rugrats: Search for Reptar is a 1998 platform video game developed by n-Space and published by THQ, released exclusively for PlayStation. It was released in North America in October or November 1998 and in Europe in November 1998."
- "who has lost his Reptar puzzle" — Can you expand a bit? Maybe something like “who has lost pieces of his Reptar puzzle, and sets out to find them"
- "The game received mixed reviews from critics, though it has regularly been noted that children will enjoy it. It was criticized for its camera and control mechanics and praised for its graphics." — Can you combine these two?
- Some other short sentences should probably be merged, particularly in the second paragraph
- I think all of the short sentences have been resolved. Let me know if other information is requested. Z1720 (talk) 17:04, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Looks good Crystal Drawers 🎖️ (wanna talk?) 22:06, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
Gameplay and premise
- "of the cartoon Rugrats" — Change to "of the animated children's television series Rugrats"
- Clarify that Reptar is a fictional cartoon dinosaur
- I’d prefer if the 2nd paragraph started with the "The game has fourteen levels" sentence
- "Levels can be played in any order, but some are unlocked by completing earlier tasks." — Sometimes I see game articles add an example after something like this, can you provide one for when levels are uncooked by earlier tasks?
- "The levels that players explore are mostly based on episodes from the television show" — You can remove "television", and also try to merge a bit of the next sentence with this one, if possible
- @Crystal Drawers: Thanks for your review, comments above. Z1720 (talk) 17:10, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks, will finish later Crystal Drawers 🎖️ (wanna talk?) 18:32, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
Development and release
- "The deal gave THQ exclusive rights to Rugrats" — The wording makes it sound like they had exclusive rights to the entire franchise, not just the video game rights, consider changing it to something like "The deal gave THQ exclusive rights to use Rugrats" or anything similar
- "One of the first projects announced from this deal was a PlayStation game to be developed by n-Space and released in 1998" — I’m assuming it was untitled at this point, maybe I’d be worthwhile to add that here if the source doesn’t state the name
- "Rugrats: Search for Reptar was developed to appeal to children ages seven to twelve. The game was also designed to appeal to fans of the television series with level ideas inspired by television episodes" — These two are quite similar, merge it into something like "Rugrats: Search for Reptar was developed to appeal to children ages seven to twelve, and to fans of the television series with level ideas inspired by certain episodes"
- Could you include who played which character respectively? (ex. "Actor 1, actor 2, and actor 3 played character 1, character 2, and character 3, respectively")
- Is there a reason both "demo disk" and "demo disc" are used?
- "The game was released in North America in October or November 1998[a] and received an "E" rating from the Entertainment Software Rating Board" — Change to "The game was released in North America in either October or November 1998[a] and received an "E" rating from the Entertainment Software Rating Board, indicating it was appropriate for "Everyone"."
Reception
- Can you explain what GameRankings is?
- The prose looks fine, but a lot of it is “reviewers liked [blank]”, I only see two “[reviewer] of [publication] thought [opinion]". I’m pretty sure "reviewers liked [blank]" is supposed to be used before giving several examples from named critics, not just stated and then moving on to another thing reviewers took note of. I’d prefer if it was changed to include more reviews like what you did for Doug Perry of IGN, especially so the box in the upper right corner is elaborated in the prose and not left unelaborated
Re-release and sequel
- Why does this need its own section? It’s two short facts, it certainly falls under the latter part of the “Development and release” section.
- The source for the first sentence should go at the end of the sentence, unless the source at the end of the section sources what comes after the first source? Crystal Drawers 🎖️ (wanna talk?) 22:12, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Z1720: Okay, all suggestions are now up, just ping me when you’re done. They’re all pretty minor spelling issues, minus Reception which I’m asking you expand a bit with the given sources, and the article looks close to FA status. By the way, I have a FAC open for "Chapter Seven: The Lost Sister", and if you have the time, any comments would be greatly appreciated. Obviously, no obligation to do so and it’s totally understandable if you don’t want to, just asking around Crystal Drawers 🎖️ (wanna talk?) 22:20, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Z1720: Hello, just pinging to see if you’ve made any progress on addressing the comments Crystal Drawers 🎖️ (wanna talk?) 15:40, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Crystal Drawers: Thanks for the ping. A mix of real life stuff, WikiClub planning and procrastination prevented me from completing the updates yet. I'm hoping to finish going through the sources by Friday. I'll ping you and the other reviewers when that is complete. Thanks for your understanding. Z1720 (talk) 16:07, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Z1720: Hello, just pinging to see if you’ve made any progress on addressing the comments Crystal Drawers 🎖️ (wanna talk?) 15:40, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
Crisco 1492
- It was released in North America in October or November 1998 and in Europe in November 1998 - Definitely feels like NA and Europe are WP:OVERLINKing
- It features stages based on episodes from the television show and minigames - Ambiguous construction; could be read "stages based on episodes from the television show and [other Rugrats] minigames" or "minigames and stages based on episodes from the television show"
- Its sequel was Rugrats: Studio Tour. - Year of release in parentheses would be good here (also below)
- the second-biggest of 1998, - Qualifying this with "for a video game" would definitely help. There were... some rather massive releases in '98
- A marketing campaign, the second-biggest of 1998, was formed in conjunction between Sony Computer Entertainment America and THQ for its North American release to bolster the children's market on the PlayStation. - "its North American" release could be ambiguous; the most recent subject was "marketing campaign"
- One of the first projects announced from this deal was a PlayStation game to be developed by n-Space and released in 1998. - You don't explicitly say that Rugrats: Search for Reptar was the one developed by n-Space.
- E. G. Daily, Kath Soucie, Christine Cavanaugh, and Cheryl Chase - Potential WP:SEAOFBLUE issue here
- held an aggregate score of 68.75% at GameRankings, based on four reviews - GameRankings wasn't around in '98, so I'm not sure the simple past tense works best here.
- Agree with Crystal Drawers about the final section, especially since it would have been more of a reissue rather than a re-release. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 23:59, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
Madonna
Nearly 14 years after this was delisted at FAR, we bring Madonna up for FA re-consideration following extensive revisions. She's a prolific singer and producer who has substantially influenced the music industry. To a lesser extent, you might also know her from some movie roles and business ventures. I'm sure none of the fabricated citations remain that led to the page losing its FA status. Who here thinks it's ready to become featured again? Please leave your comments below. SNUGGUMS (talk / edits) 16:54, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- I’d like to give credit to the peer reviewer Mb2437, and also Bluesatellite, who’s been a primary author to this article since before I even began working on this page. I aimed to make the article as concise as possible, leading to a word count reduction of almost 3,000 (it’s now shorter than it was more than 15 years ago). We’re looking forward to your comments on the best-selling woman in music! 750h+ 17:50, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- File:Madonna_-_Tampa_Bay_Times_(1985).jpg: the original source credits this to the St Petersburg Times - are we certain this was not registered? It looks like a number of their publications from around that time were
- File:Frida_Kahlo,_by_Guillermo_Kahlo_2.jpg: source link is dead; when and where was this first published? Nikkimaria (talk) 04:22, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- When unable to pinpoint file source details for either of those, Nikkimaria, I figured it was best to replace them with File:MadonnaVirginTour (cropped).jpg and File:Frida Kahlo, by Guillermo Kahlo (cropped).jpg respectively. SNUGGUMS (talk / edits) 16:55, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Not seeing that license at the source for the former? Nikkimaria (talk) 00:25, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- It was extracted from File:MadonnaVirginTour.jpg, which VRT has verified to be free for use, so that by extension applies to all crops. SNUGGUMS (talk / edits) 01:53, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Nikkimaria: just wondering if this is a pass, thanks 750h+ 02:58, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yes. Nikkimaria (talk) 03:01, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Nikkimaria: just wondering if this is a pass, thanks 750h+ 02:58, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- It was extracted from File:MadonnaVirginTour.jpg, which VRT has verified to be free for use, so that by extension applies to all crops. SNUGGUMS (talk / edits) 01:53, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Not seeing that license at the source for the former? Nikkimaria (talk) 00:25, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Life and career (1958–1978)
- "worked as an optics and military engineer and physicist" → "worked as an optical and military engineer and physicist"
- You could link "Italian emigrants" to Italian Americans.
- "flown on a plane or taken a taxi" → "flown or taken a taxi"
- You could link to East Village, Manhattan.
- Life and career (1979–1983)
- "in such publications" → "in publications such as"
- "leading to a successful audition to perform in Paris as a backup singer and dancer" → "leading to a successful audition as a backup singer and dancer in Paris"
- "when she requested for him to do so" → "when she requested that he do so"
MSincccc (talk) 15:46, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- All done except for the Italian emigrants bit, MSincccc, since common terms like that don't need linking per WP:OVERLINK. I'm guessing you'll do the rest of this page in chunks of one or two sections at a time. SNUGGUMS (talk / edits) 16:42, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Yes, I plan to do a full review, but it may take some time due to other commitments (including lessons, other reviews, and my own peer review for Fashion of Catherine, Princess of Wales). MSincccc (talk) 16:50, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Life and career (1984–1987)
- "Within the lattermost nation" → "In the latter nation" (or simply "In the US")
- At the 1985 Live Aid concert,
- We could include "1985" inside the link as well.
- this doesn’t work because it doesn’t link to a 1985 Live aid concert
- The first sentence of the linked Live Aid article says: Live Aid was a two-venue benefit concert and music-based fundraising initiative held on Saturday, 13 July 1985. The short description of the same article is 1985 benefit concert.
- this doesn’t work because it doesn’t link to a 1985 Live aid concert
- "which also co-starred Penn" → "which also starred Penn"
- Life and career (1988–1991)
- "over the New Year's weekend" → "over New Year's weekend"
- "a dream sequence depicting intimacy with a saint" → "a dream sequence showing intimacy with a saint"
- nothing wrong with the current is there?
- "the longest of any of her albums" → "the longest of her albums"
- "peaked within the top ten" → "peaked in the top ten"
- More idiomatic?
- In October 1990, she recorded a Public Service Announcement
- Do we need "Public Service Announcement" in title case or could it be changed to sentence case?
- "then-boyfriend" → "then boyfriend"
- hyphenated is more common
- Life and career (1992–1997)
- "the most of any woman at the time" → "the most for a woman at the time"
- "The venture was a joint partnership with Time Warner" → "The venture was a partnership with Time Warner"
- which featured scenes of sadomasochism and bondage and was poorly received by critics
- We could insert a comma before "and was" for clarity.
MSincccc (talk) 09:13, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- @MSincccc: done, unless responded above. 750h+ 11:28, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Life and career (1998–2002)
- reflected this change in her perception and image
- How about "shift" in place of "change"?
- create a fusion of dance, pop, and British rock styles
- You could drop "styles".
- "within its first ten days of release" → "within the first ten days of release"
- Life and career (2003–2006)
- You could italicise "X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS".
- "after the 2003 invasion of Iraq started" → "after the 2003 invasion of Iraq began" (more natural)
- "due to the political climate of the country" → "due to the political climate"
- Life and career (2007-2011)
- released and performed the song
- You could drop "the song".
- "granted her permission to adopt her" → "granted her permission to adopt"
- inspired by her 1980s punk-inspired fashion.
- Could the repetition of "inspired" be avoided?
MSincccc (talk) 09:29, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- @MSincccc: thanks for these and mostly done, I just don't think removing "of the country" and changing
- "granted her permission to adopt her" to "granted her permission to adopt" are very helpful. 750h+ 12:54, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Life and career (2012-2016)
- the highest-earning tour of 2012 and was one of the most profitable concert tours at the time
- You could avoid repeating "tour" in close proximity.
- "at a value of $400,000" → "worth $400,000"
- More idiomatic?
- Ref 318 is inconsistent with its title.
- Life and career (2017-2021)
- attempted to sell Madonna's personal items, including letters from Tupac Shakur and other belongings
- You could drop "and other belongings" to avoid redundancy since it is already coming after "including".
MSincccc (talk) 13:23, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- It looks like you already made some of these changes yourself, MSincccc, and either way I took care of the Tupac bit. SNUGGUMS (talk / edits) 13:46, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Life and career (2022-present)
- In August 2021, coinciding with her 63rd birthday, Madonna announced her return to Warner Records—the rebranded successor to Warner Bros. Records—in a global partnership granting the label rights to her entire recorded music catalog, including her three most recent albums originally released under Interscope.
- This one could be split.
- The tour was to begin in July, but a month prior, she was hospitalized after being found unresponsive at her New York City residence.[359][360] She spent five days in intensive care, and later disclosed being placed in a medically induced coma for 48 hours due to a serious bacterial infection following a low-grade fever.
- You could trim this portion without losing any significant information.
- "a commemoration the 30th anniversary" → "to commemorate the 30th anniversary"
- featured on the soundtrack to the television drama
- How about "featured on"?
- "Madonna was announced as the new face of the One" → "Madonna became the face of The One"
750h+ and SNUGGUMS That's all from this section. MSincccc (talk) 06:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- @MSincccc: thoughts? 750h+ 11:00, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- @750h+ I’m presently engaged with about half a dozen active FACs, and with lessons in RL and peer review as well, it’s a bit tight at the moment.
- But please don’t worry—I intend to wrap up my review in a day or two. The article is a long one indeed, and I suppose a button click never hurts—if anything, it keeps one motivated. MSincccc (talk) 11:21, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Legacy
- You could drop the link to sociologists since it's a bit too general.
- Do we need the link for "soda"?
- It's [a word] part of a quote and thus should not be linked.
- A reviewer had once suggested the above to me.
- "giving rise to" → "which has given rise to"
- Scholars have challenged her use of racialized and minority cultures and argue that her privileged position does little
- "argue" → "have argued" since you use "have challenged"
- "similar to" → "similar to that of"
MSincccc (talk) 11:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Artistry (Influences)
- How about linking "pop artist" on first mention (that would be in the sentence "to deliver a tribute to the deceased pop artist Michael Jackson")?
- the "pop artist" for MJ means something different to what it does for Andy Warhol
- "large impression" → "strong impression"
- "in their works" → "in their work" (collective noun)
- "is also inspired" → "has also been inspired"
- "During 2011," → "In 2011,"
MSincccc (talk) 09:50, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
That’s all from me. It’s a long but comprehensive article, and I’ve made a few minor revisions rather than putting them up here. I hope my suggestions have been useful.
750h+ and SNUGGUMS, good luck with the nomination. And yes, I will support it. MSincccc (talk) 10:59, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you, MSincccc! Your input definitely helped with improving the page. SNUGGUMS (talk / edits) 13:15, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
Source review
Here'll be a source review from me! RedShellMomentum 02:14, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
This table lists 9 random passages from throughout the article (2.0% of 461 total passages). These passages contain 14 inline citations (2.3% of 598 in the article). Generated with the Veracity user script. RedShellMomentum 17:42, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- @750h+ and SNUGGUMS: Source spot-check is all good, support. RedShellMomentum 17:52, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
| Reference # | Letter | Source | Archive | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Like a Virgin has sold over 21 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling albums of all time. | |||||
| 53 | Perone 2018, p. 112. | ✅ | |||
| 54 | theage.com.au | web.archive.org | ✅ | ||
| Madonna co-wrote and co-produced every track on her third studio album, True Blue. | |||||
| 78 | a | popmatters.com | web.archive.org | ✅ | |
| The Evita soundtrack, which peaked at number two on the Billboard 200, contained songs primarily performed by Madonna. These included "You Must Love Me" and "Don't Cry for Me Argentina", the latter of which topped the European singles chart. | |||||
| 163 | Taraborrelli 2002, p. 286. | ✅ | |||
| 164 | books.google.com | ✅ | |||
| In May 2002, she appeared in the West End play Up for Grabs at the Wyndhams Theatre, which was poorly received by critics. | |||||
| 203 | O'Brien 2007, pp. 368, 537. | ✅ | |||
| 204 | whatsonstage.com | web.archive.org | ✅ | ||
| 205 | theguardian.com | web.archive.org | ✅ | ||
| Produced in collaboration with Cirque du Soleil and choreographer Jamie King, the performance featured guest appearances by LMFAO, Nicki Minaj, M.I.A. and CeeLo Green. The broadcast drew 114 million viewers, making it the most-watched Super Bowl halftime show at the time, surpassing the viewership of the game itself. | |||||
| 291 | cbc.ca | ✅ | |||
| 292 | cnbc.com | web.archive.org | ✅ | ||
| The tour grossed over $225 million across eighty shows, making Madonna the first woman to surpass $100 million in earnings from six separate concert tours. | |||||
| 368 | a | billboard.com | web.archive.org | ✅ | |
| Her video for "Hollywood" (2003) paid tribute to the photography of Guy Bourdin, though it later prompted a lawsuit filed by Bourdin's son over the unauthorized use of his father's images. | |||||
| 403 | billboard.com | ✅ | |||
| Her concert tours often re-create her music videos; author Elin Diamond said that the ability to reproduce scenes from Madonna's videos in a live setting enhances the realism of the videos, arguing that "her live performances have become the means by which mediatized representations are naturalized". | |||||
| 478 | Diamond 1996, p. 202. | ✅ | |||
| Madonna was the first person to be inducted into the Wembley Square of Fame in London. | |||||
| 522 | news.bbc.co.uk | ✅ | |||
- Much appreciated, RedShellMomentum! This is quite a relief given the verification scandal that led to 2012's delisting at FAR. SNUGGUMS (talk / edits) 19:25, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- This was a part I was stressing about during the rewrite, so I’m happy it went smoothly! 750h+ 01:38, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Comment: I don't plan on doing a full review. It is worth highlighting that ref 545 is from the blacklisted site WP:LENTA.RU. This should, without a good reason, be removed. Thanks. 11WB (talk) 13:07, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
Rain World
This is the second FA nom for this article after the first failed due to inactivity. Aside from one other anomaly, this is my favorite video game of all time.
Rain World is a difficult game to fully represent in words. It is a really unique survival-platformer in which the player controls this little slugcat thing as it is plopped into an ecosystem that really really wants it to die. Despite its charming procedural animation, Rain World's gameplay can feel like utter bullshit. For me, it really did. Though critics were unable to persevere through the cycle of death, me and the game's dedicated fandom saw through its hardships and fell in love. I don't think any other game has made me feel so small and insignificant in such a beautiful world that does not care for me at all. Since February of 2024, I've worked mostly alone on improving this article with a peer review in mid-2025. Hopefully, I can pull this off.
@User:Vacant0 and @User:Phlsph7 gave their supports last time. Other users who gave their advice in peer reviews were pinged in the previous nom. toby (t)(c)(rw) 04:42, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
Media review - pass
Hi Toby, let's hope that the review gets more attention this time. From what I can tell, not much has changed media-wise. The image https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rain_World_animation_-_Green_Liz_(shortened).gif was added. It is CC BY-SA 3.0, has a caption and an alt text. Apart from that, there were some minor changes to alt texts and captions of other images. See Wikipedia:Featured_article_candidates/Rain_World/archive1#Media_review_-_pass for the previous media review. Phlsph7 (talk) 10:05, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
TheBrickGraphic
Hello! At a glance this article reads very well. Here are some initial prose comments; I'll try to finish the rest soon. TheBrickGraphic (talk) 18:44, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
Lead
- "Beginning in 2011, Rain World (funded through Kickstarter) was in development for over six years by a two-man team who intended to simulate a unique, realistic ecosystem..." Nitpicky, but I'd personally replace the parentheses with commas; the former's usage here seems off to me.
- Done.
Gameplay
- "Procedurally animated" (or "prodedural animation") is used quite a few times throughout the article, but I don't see it explicitly defined beyond the same-named article. I'm pretty sure I understand the term in the context of this game through pure context clues... but I think it'd be best to explain more precisely what procedural animation is to not violate MOS:NOFORCELINK since it seems pretty technical. Perhaps you could remove "procedurally animated" in the first sentence and move it to a new sentence after "...mirroring a cat and slug", at which point you could briefly explain it?
- I've added clarification. Does this work?
- Yup! TheBrickGraphic (talk) 01:45, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- I've added clarification. Does this work?
- "Enemies can kill the slugcat in one attack." I presume only certain enemies can do this? Or can they all instantly kill the slugcat? If the latter is true I'd add "some" to the beginning.
- The source says enemies can and will one-hit kill you, which is a pretty vague statement. The truth is that not all enemies can one-hit and the ones that are able to don't do it consistently which makes the statement misleading. I've purposefully kept that claim vague because of this factual inaccuracy and I don't think I can make it clearer without misrepresenting the source.
- Ah, I understand. The sentence can stay the way it is, since it's not super important. TheBrickGraphic (talk) 17:38, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- The source says enemies can and will one-hit kill you, which is a pretty vague statement. The truth is that not all enemies can one-hit and the ones that are able to don't do it consistently which makes the statement misleading. I've purposefully kept that claim vague because of this factual inaccuracy and I don't think I can make it clearer without misrepresenting the source.
- Specific story information being within Gameplay seems odd; is there a reason for Plot not being its own section?
- I've been encouraged to plop the plot into Gameplay in a peer review (like how featured article Katana Zero does it). That was when I didn't include Downpour's story though. Now that it's bigger, I'll change it back.
- "Far into the future when Pebbles collapsed and the rain has given way to fluctuating blizzards..." There seems to be conflicting tenses here. I'd consider replacing "when Pebbles collapsed" with "after Pebbles collapses".
- Done.
Development
- "[Efn note] Sources vary between 'James Therrien' and 'James Primate'(refs)." I would personally attach all the refs that use the former name after "Therrien" and those that use the latter after "Primate" (i.e., "between 'James Therrien'(refs) and 'James Primate'(refs)) instead of stuffing them all into the end.
- Done.
- "Jakobsson did not intend for the game's extreme difficulty, which resulted in its mixed reception." To say, definitively, that the difficulty "caused" the mixed reception seems off to me. Unless this phrase is derived from Jakobsson's own words or is synthesis from critics, I'm not sure it's absolutely needed.
- Changed. It should match more accurately what he said.
- "Rain World's animation was popularized on social media in praise of what IGN attributed to its "uncannily fluid character animations", contributing to the game's popularity pre-release; Primate partially attributed this virality to GIFs, noting one that was posted on Twitter and retweeted over 15,000 times." I'd firstly replace the semicolon with a period, since the sentence is nearing a run-on. Also, I think "contributing to the game's popularity pre-release" can be cut since it's already implied it became popular before its release, though I would keep "pre-release" itself and move it to after "social media". Lastly, is "attributed to" the correct term here? Something about it reads strangely to me, and I think "called" would be more concise.
- Done.
Reception
- Not a critique per se, but is there reason why the names of publications' reviewers aren't mentioned explicitly? I think what tipped me off especially was this line: "Polygon's reviewer was miserable following the loss of her multi-hour progression."
- This is based on personal preference. Other indie game featured articles that omit reviewer names include The Longing, Kingdom Two Crowns, and Untitled Goose Game. Imo, including reviewer names just adds bloat without contributing much.
- "which differentiated it from the 'typical goombas' of other games." I presume "goomba" is in reference to the Mario enemy; I'd link the associated article.
- Done
- "Rain World's karma gates, requiring a positive hibernate-to-death ratio, were arbitrary goals "disrespectful" of the player's time, according to GameSpot." I've noticed that the Reception section opts for putting the publication's name at the end of the sentence as opposed to the beginning, which usually reads fine. Here, however, I'd suggest rewording the sentence to "Rain World's karma gates, requiring a positive hibernate-to-death ratio, were called arbitrary goals "disrespectful" of the player's time, according to GameSpot," just to establish early on that this isn't Wikipedia's POV.
- Done
Nothing else really caught my eye; great work overall! TheBrickGraphic (talk) 17:38, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for the review BrickGraphic! Should this be considered a support? @TheBrickGraphic toby (t)(c)(rw) 19:41, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Yup, this’ll be a Support. TheBrickGraphic (talk) 21:29, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Not-cheesewhisk3rs
Did a sort of informal peer review of the article a few days ago.
The slugcat may carry three items at a time: two in their hands and one in their stomach. It can swap the items' places and uses its right hand first when throwing.
It or they?- Fixed.
The slugcat travels to find a comatose Looks to the Moon, and revives her with the neuron fly.
i don't think commas are used after a single "and" in this article, at least not above. Might be wrong though.- Fixed. Someone else added that comma in.
He then designed an animal and posted development updates on his YouTube channel, with one YouTube commenter dubbing the creature a "slugcat".
the second "YouTube" is implied i think- Done.
Rain World has over 3.5 hours of recorded music across 160 tracks.
This is sourced in ref 27 but the referencing doesn't make that clear. I'd add another ref 27 just to be safe. Also remove "over", the ref 27 says "Rain World features three and a half hours of music spanning 160 tracks", no "over" implied- Done
- Any reason why the video refs aren't archived? E.g. seems to load fine, it could be added. Edit: ok most video refs don't load in archives, but that one does, so it could be added.
- Done for that video and one other (the others don't work like how you pointed out).
To differentiate Rain World from Metroidvania video games,
- but some of the sources do call Rain World metroidvania. You could include a mention that some still consider it Metroidvania depsite the team trying to avoid that.- Sounds like an interesting addition. Done.
With little dialogue or narration, Rain World's story was partly communicated through its soundtrack to contribute to its environmental storytelling.
since environmental storytelling is linked in the lead you could link it again- It is already linked under Gameplay
- My bad.
- It is already linked under Gameplay
The game received mixed reviews upon release according to review aggregator Metacritic with 43% of critics recommending it according to OpenCritic.
MOS:SEAOFBLUE with review aggregator and Metacritic- Fixed.
- Ref 11 is weird. according to archives e.g. this it was published 27 March 2017, but the current URL says 28 March 2017. This is trivial though.
- I'll just keep it at March 27.
Video game journalists praised the game's art design,[e] but criticized the harshness of its gameplay mechanics, particularly its unpredictable deaths, ruthless enemies, and time-consuming hibernation requirements.[f]
This is personal preference but if it were up to me I'd move efn [f] to the end of "harshness of its gameplay mechanics" and then provide a ref for each of the specific annoying gameplay mechanics a critic disliked.- I might do this sometime later.
- About ref 82. I unfortunately don't have a link for evidence but there is a part the manual of style which states that all references have to have titles in sentence case or title case. This is not consistent here.
- Done. I've known about this and funnily enough I have to switch to my alt account to run a script to change them because for some reason it doesn't work on this account lol.
That's all for now. --not-cheesewhisk3rs ≽^•⩊•^≼ ∫ (pester) 16:44, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- All done now. Thanks for reviewing @Not-cheesewhisk3rs toby (t)(c)(rw) 19:41, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
Support. great article! --not-cheesewhisk3rs ≽^•⩊•^≼ ∫ (pester) 19:46, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Gameplay
- "an animal akin to a cat and slug" → "an animal akin to a cat and a slug"
- Done
- ruined and obtuse ecosystem
- Obtuse comes across as slightly odd here.
- "allowing further progression" → "allowing progression"
- Done
- "the slugcat is faced with problems they cannot avoid" → "the slugcat is faced with problems it cannot avoid"
- Fixed
- "when eaten" → "when consumed"
- Done
- Tripling the game's world size, Downpour adds
- How about "Downpour triples the game's world size and adds"?
- Done
- How about "Downpour triples the game's world size and adds"?
- Other game modes also include
- You could drop "also" here.
- Done
- You could drop "also" here.
- "being 'Downpour'" → "is 'Downpour'"
- I don't believe this is grammatically correct.
- Development
- How about renaming the section to Development and release?
- Sure
- "who taught himself how to animate sprites" → "who taught himself to animate sprites"
- Done
- "He had no industry experience and played few games" → "He had no industry experience and had played few games"
- Done
- "He successfully pitched Jakobsson 12 tracks" → "He successfully pitched 12 tracks to Jakobsson"
- Done
- Inspired by feelings of foreignness
- The subject is unclear.
- How so? The sentence should make it clear that Jakobsson (whom the paragraph is prioritizing up to this point) was the one inspired by feelings of foreigness: Inspired by feelings of foreignness while living as an exchange student in Seoul, South Korea... (emphasis mine) -t
- The subject is unclear.
- "rather than serve as obstacles" → "rather than serving as obstacles"
- Done
- "Though Rain World's soundtrack would originally be chiptune" → "Though Rain World’s soundtrack was originally intended to be chiptune"
- Changed to Though Rain World's soundtrack was intended to be chiptune...
- "did not fit with the naturalistic mood" → "did not fit the naturalistic mood"
- Done
- "between eight and twelve tracks will simultaneously layer" → "between eight and twelve tracks are layered simultaneously"
- Done
MSincccc (talk) 09:59, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Release
- Rain World was released on March 28, published by Adult Swim Games for PlayStation 4 and Windows.
- Well, could this sentence be rephrased since it echoes the tone used by the media and promotional websites?
- Done
- Well, could this sentence be rephrased since it echoes the tone used by the media and promotional websites?
- "later in 2017" → "later that year"
- Done
- In August 2025, the game was released to the Xbox Game Pass.
- Do we need the "the" before "Xbox"?
- I think this is up to personal preference as the Xbox Game Pass lede uses a "the" but the rest of it does not. For me, it sounds pretty strange without the "the", so I will not remove it.
- Do we need the "the" before "Xbox"?
- in praise of what IGN called its "uncannily fluid character animations"
- You could rephrase to "praised by IGN for..." for smoother phrasing.
- Done
- You could rephrase to "praised by IGN for..." for smoother phrasing.
- "noting one that was posted on Twitter and retweeted over 15,000 times" → "noting a Twitter post retweeted over 15,000 times"
- Done
MSincccc (talk) 08:23, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Reception
- The game received mixed reviews upon release according to review aggregator website Metacritic with 43% of critics recommending it according to OpenCritic.
- How about a comma before "according to"?
- Done -t
- How about a comma before "according to"?
- frequent repetition
- Doesn't "repetition" already imply frequency?
- I don't think so. "Repetition" itself could imply doing something two times, while "frequent repetition" means doing something fifty times. -t
- Doesn't "repetition" already imply frequency?
- Critics especially lamented how the slugcat's jerky animations and imprecise throwing mechanics led to unwarranted deaths;
- You could replace the semicolon with a full stop.
- Done. -t
- You could replace the semicolon with a full stop.
- "the New York Game Awards 2018" → "the 2018 New York Game Awards"
- Done -t
MSincccc (talk) 09:24, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- Bottom line
- I've finally read through the lead and made a minor revision beyond which only stylistic fixes would remain. I haven't looked deeply at the sources but I will support on prose. MSincccc (talk) 10:46, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
Vacant0
Support from previous nomination. The last nomination would have most likely passed had there been enough reviewers. I hope that this nomination will have more reviewers. Cheers, Vacant0 (talk • contribs) 16:18, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
Support from YuniToumei (source review)
Hi Toby! This looks like a really nice article for a cute game :) I'll be doing a source review. I haven't played this game and am unfamiliar with its mechanics, so I might ask a few more detailed questions here and there. YuniToumei (talk) 21:55, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you so much for the review YuniToumei! toby (t)(c)(rw) 22:56, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Tarlby I've finished my spotchecks, see below :) YuniToumei (talk) 12:15, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
- YuniToumei All addressed now. toby (t)(c)(rw) 18:33, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Tarlby I've got just two things left in 6c and 11d. YuniToumei (talk) 22:03, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- YuniToumei All addressed now. toby (t)(c)(rw) 18:33, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Tarlby I've finished my spotchecks, see below :) YuniToumei (talk) 12:15, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
- Gameplay
- All ok: 1, 2, 3, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
- 4: 4b: does not verify battling and hunting each other, only the unavoidable problems and the dynamic behaviour. And what should the accompanying ref 10a verify in that sentence? I can't find anything matching
- Added a ref and removed 10. Thought I had that ref there... weird. -t
- 5: updated May 7th, 2017, not sure if that should be indicated? make sure the source still supports the statements in this articles after its update
- I don't believe it's usual to indicate when refs were updated. -t
- 5d: Most enemies can kill the slugcat in one attack. ref says "many", not most
- Fixed -t
- 5e: Some have variations, such as the differently-colored lizards, which possess unique characteristics. "Some" indicates that multiple species have variations, but in both ref 5 and ref 9 only the differently-colored lizards are mentioned. Are there more enemy sub-species?
- Yes, other species also have variations which I think is what IGN is trying to say based on the way they've worded it. They do not say that lizards specifically have subspecies but that ...enemies - many of whom can kill in a single hit - have patterns of behavior (even sub-species have different abilities...) Notice how they only use lizards as an example in the succeeding sentence? I understand that it's confusing though. Do you still think this should be changed? -t
- No, that's fine for me then. YuniToumei (talk) 12:00, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yes, other species also have variations which I think is what IGN is trying to say based on the way they've worded it. They do not say that lizards specifically have subspecies but that ...enemies - many of whom can kill in a single hit - have patterns of behavior (even sub-species have different abilities...) Notice how they only use lizards as an example in the succeeding sentence? I understand that it's confusing though. Do you still think this should be changed? -t
- 5d: Most enemies can kill the slugcat in one attack. ref says "many", not most
- 6: 6c: uses its right hand first when throwing. The ref implies that the system is much more complicated, and states first that "The left paw will be the thrower", which reads to me that if there is a default throwing paw, that would be the left? (Also why does the article refer to the paws as hands?) Also, the ref does verify swallowing, but not that the stomach is a single-slot inventory.
- Rephrased and replaced a different ref (which calls the paws "hands" by the way). -t
- While removing the description of the stomach inventory solves your sourcing issues, does this still retain the comprehensiveness of this article (FACR 1b)? Is it an important mechanic, and if so are there really no sources describing it? YuniToumei (talk) 22:02, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- There are no other sources that allude to it other than RPS which doesn't even hold on that point for more than a couple words. You can progress through the game perfectly fine without even knowing you can swallow an item (remember, the game explains nothing). -t
- While removing the description of the stomach inventory solves your sourcing issues, does this still retain the comprehensiveness of this article (FACR 1b)? Is it an important mechanic, and if so are there really no sources describing it? YuniToumei (talk) 22:02, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Rephrased and replaced a different ref (which calls the paws "hands" by the way). -t
- 7: YouTube video, primary interview. fine for what it supports, but only used to support "cycle" note which also has ref 5. Makes me wonder if ref 7 is really necessary, is ref 5 not enough (although it is only vaguely described there)? And are "cycles" really an established term in sources about the game that warrant inclusion here? They seem to be used only once or twice in this article
- Removed IGN use as it's super unclear. Whether or not to remove the mentions of cycles altogther; eh, I don't see the benefit. It's true and not that distracting. -t
- 11: 11a: must also compete with more powerful and hostile creatures The ref states that "The hunter must make predators into prey, killing and eating larger creatures". I understand that the hunter slugcat eats those larger creatures, rather than competing with them?
- Rephrased. -t
I've started with quite a detailed review of the gameplay section to get a feel for how the sourcing in this article is done. I will move on to a much less detailed spotcheck for the remaining sections, which I hope to finish soon. Feel free to address my points above in the meantime :) So far, my impression is that the sourcing is looking relatively solid, but occasionally statements are difficult to verify. Also please pass through the sources and make sure the dates are in order since I've had to fix two. YuniToumei (talk) 21:55, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Passage-by-passage Spotcheck
I've used a script to generate random passages for around 25% of all inline citations. The ref numbers refer to this revision.
- Plot
- –
- Development
- 26b: primary interview (ok for what it supports); ok
- 30: ok
- 24f/31: ok
- 1g: ok
- 24g: ok
- 32b: primary speech (ok for what it supports); ok
- 37/38: ok / primary (ok for what it does); neither source verifies being greenlit in five days unless this is somewhere in the video other than at the given timestamp
- Weird. I remember a source saying that but I guess not. Rephrased. -t
- 40: ok
- 2i/23d: The final product resulted in a low-fi and electronic soundtrack. Neither source describes the soundtrack as "low-fi" (also, is that not more commonly spelled lo-fi?)
- Added back in the source which I think might've been removed accidentally(?) (they also spell it as low-fi)
- Release
- 43/44/45: what does ref 43 support in Rain World's animation was popularized on social media pre-release? I don't see anything that matches. Ref 44 and 45 only mention the devs posting gifs before release, but to me it is not evidently verifiable that they were effective in making the animation become popular (popularized) just from reading those refs alone, although it is explained adequately in the next sentence and ref 46.
- Removed all three. Big slap in the face for me. -t
- 48/49: ok
- 52/53: an update to alleviate its difficulty the sources seem to emphasize that the devs tried to fix sources of frustration and "problems" without making the game "easier", while "keeping Rain World as a sometimes unforgiving experience." I would rephrase this sentence to reflect that better, as right now without further context it could be interpreted that that update was there to just make the game easier flat-out.
- Hope that adding "marginally" works. I don't understand why those sources consider adding patches that make the game easier as not making the game easier, but whatever. -t
- 56a: ok
- 61: ok
- 20b: Downpour's development started before the Monk and Hunter update was released, according to lead programmer Andrew Marrero. In the ref, I see "Development of Downpour’s content actually started only months after the release of the original Rain World" and, much later in the interview, "Some months later, the Hunter slugcat was added". It's not clear to me what Marrero meant with "later" in the second sentence, later than what? Also, the ref does mention a pacifist, but does not mention when a Monk update would have released. The rest of the paragraph is ok.
- 1) Some months later, the hunter slugcat was added... This sentence follows two paragraphs of original Downpour concepts and is followed by Hunter had the ability to hold three spears as well... so the Spearmaster's set of abilities was feeling especially redundant. We can logically deduce here that development began between the game's release and the Hunter was released.
- 2) The "pacifist" mention refers to the Saint (they are explaining Downpour concepts in that paragraph). They mention the Hunter and not the Monk because it is not relevant to the development of the Spearnaster. Though it is not cited in this source, the Monk and Hunter were explained to be a part of the same update earlier in the Development section, so it's reasonable to assume in a reader's mind that the update the Hunter was added refers to the update the Monk and Hunter were added. -t
- 34b/66/67: ok
- Reception
- 71 and 79 seem to be duplicates
- Looks like visual editor shenanigans. Fixed. -t
- 17/81: ok
- 82: ok
- 6l: ok
- 74f: ok
- 6n/74g/80c/78d: ok
- 11d: the reviewer likened this experience to a realistic ecosystem What part of this ref supports this statement? I cannot locate such a comparison.
- The slugcat is described as "both predator and prey in a broken ecosystem." This perfectly sums up the way it feels making your way... -t
- I think stating that the reviewer likened it to a "realistic" (that descriptor is not used in the source) ecosystem is too much of a liberal interpretation here. The focus of describing the experience is on being "both predator and prey", not on the "ecosystem": The reviewer continues after the quote by describing how it feels to encounter smaller and bigger monsters. Another problem: "both predator and prey in a broken ecosystem" here is in quotes in the ref itself. Searching for it led me to the Steam page of Rain World, which the reviewer is quoting here. As I see it, they are not synthesizing that comparison, more just confirming the devs' description of the slugcat. YuniToumei (talk) 22:02, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Rephrased. I was going to defend the original, but I feel this is better anyways. -t
- I think stating that the reviewer likened it to a "realistic" (that descriptor is not used in the source) ecosystem is too much of a liberal interpretation here. The focus of describing the experience is on being "both predator and prey", not on the "ecosystem": The reviewer continues after the quote by describing how it feels to encounter smaller and bigger monsters. Another problem: "both predator and prey in a broken ecosystem" here is in quotes in the ref itself. Searching for it led me to the Steam page of Rain World, which the reviewer is quoting here. As I see it, they are not synthesizing that comparison, more just confirming the devs' description of the slugcat. YuniToumei (talk) 22:02, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- The slugcat is described as "both predator and prey in a broken ecosystem." This perfectly sums up the way it feels making your way... -t
- 76e: ok
- 74j: in which the reviewer was too attracted to the artistic detail to contemplate the credulity of the man-made environment. is a bit too WP:CLOPy given the ref says "where you're too preoccupied admiring the artistry to question the logistics of how these man made environments were constructed within the fiction." The sentence structure is rather similar and words are just swapped out for synonyms. Perhaps you can rephrase this or just turn it into a direct quote instead?
- Quoted half and reworded the latter half slightly. -t
- 11e: ok
- 17h: ok
- 81c: ok
- 89: ok
- Notes
- 8/6/5/74/22/78/76/75/3/4: ok
- 4/5/6/13/8/74/76/22: ok
- Right now, all of the refs in the Notes section are in the WP:OVERCITE (just an essay, not PnG) territory. I understand that you want to use multiple sources to demonstrate that "several reviewers" have said X or Y, but in my opinion it would be better if you chose your three or four best sources for a statement and trim it to that. It's not a dealbreaker since this isn't done to try to refbomb for notability or anything, and since it is kind of out of sight in the footnotes instead of the article text. But I don't think it is necessary.
- I'd rather not chop them down as the refbombs are to show how almost every critic agreed on these points. -t
comment
Hi, I havent had a chance to read the full thing yet, been too busy, but I think in the lead, modding community should be large modding community, as just calling it a modding community came across to me as it wasnt significant, I only understood why it was in the lead when it was mentioned again later in the article. Finnfrog99 (talk) 23:27, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Done.
Wild Australia Show
This article is about a troupe of Aboriginal performers that toured Australia in 1892 and 1893. The troupe was assembled by a man named Archibald Meston, inspired by shows like Buffalo Bill's Wild West, for what was intended to be a world tour concluding at Chicago's World's Columbian Exposition. Ultimately the troupe ran out of money before leaving the country, resulting in an ugly legal battle between Meston and his business partner.
While it's a fairly obscure episode in Australian history, it's one that I found fascinating to write about, and I think the story of their tour reveals a lot about the experiences and treatment of Aboriginal people across different parts of Australia in this era. I hope that you enjoy reading it, and am grateful to anyone who takes the time to review. MCE89 (talk) 03:20, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Lead
- As an initial comment, I suggest adding the relevant language template (“Use...English”).
MSincccc (talk) 08:15, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks MSincccc! Added that template and look forward to your comments. MCE89 (talk) 11:28, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Background
- but was forced out of his seat after a failed coal mining venture forced him to declare bankruptcy
- made a series of speculative property investments; his property ventures ended in failure
- He began to present himself as an ethnologist and as an expert in Aboriginal cultures.
- Drop the second "as"?
- Meston's early lectures, which featured live Aboriginal people, painted bush scenes, and taxidermied animals, became the model for the Wild Australia Show.
MSincccc (talk) 14:49, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- History (Recruitment of performers)
- You could link to northern Australia.
- "While he did not recruit any performers" → "Although he did not recruit any performers"
- "Purcell left Brisbane three days later to travel to Normanton to collect Aboriginal people who had been assembled by middlemen" → "Purcell left Brisbane three days later to travel to Normanton, where he collected Aboriginal people who had been assembled by middlemen"
- These members are believed to have been recruited by police officers
- "violent settler incursions of their lands" → "violent settler incursions into their lands"
- "public servants that Purcell was using as agents" → "public servants whom Purcell was using as agents"
- On 14 September, Purcell arrived in Cairns with the 21 Indigenous people that he had collected
- There, the 26 recruits who made up the troupe assembled at a camp
- "He travelled on his own" → "He travelled alone"
MSincccc (talk) 08:38, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- History (Rehearsals and initial performances in Brisbane)
- "The Wild Australia Show troupe" → "The troupe"
- "between late September and November of 1892" → "between late September and November 1892"
- "They often made reference to the Wakaya tradition of penile subincision;" → "They often referred to the Wakaya tradition of penile subincision;"
- "The opening performance was held in Brisbane at Her Majesty's Opera House" → "The opening performance was held at Her Majesty's Opera House in Brisbane"
- History (Performances in Sydney)
- Link "Queensland government" to Colony of Queensland?
- "Despite this scrutiny from the authorities" → "Despite scrutiny from the authorities"
- "performed its opening show" → "gave its opening performance"
- The "The" of The Daily Telegraph has not been included within the blue link but the "The" of The Sydney Morning Herald has been.
- The reviews during the show's time in Sydney were not all positive.
- "throughout their time in the city" → "during its time in the city"
- sent a letter to the Queensland government inquiring as to whether
MSincccc (talk) 10:58, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- History (Performances in Melbourne)
- "for the next stop on their tour" → "for the next stop of their tour"
- a less positive reception from its Melbourne audiences.
- "causing many residents to lack interest" → "causing many residents to lose interest"
- Melbourne was experiencing a severe economic depression
- "blamed Meston for abandoning the troupe in Melbourne" → "blamed Meston for abandoning the troupe"
- History (Second season in Sydney and journey home)
- "The Wild Australia Show troupe" → "The troupe"
- "which was opening on 27 May" → "which opened on 27 May"
- The employment arrangement quickly fell through, however, and the man returned to Queensland a week later.
- History (Court case and aftermath)
- Purcell sought damages of £1500, while Meston launched a £2000 civil counter-suit for injuries to his "credit, reputation and character". Meston's suit proved unsuccessful, while Purcell was awarded damages of £50.
- "must join voluntarily" → "must have joined voluntarily"
- "in the form of court documentation" → "in the form of court documents"
MCE89 I have read upto the end of the History section. I hope that my suggestions so far have been useful. MSincccc (talk) 16:19, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks again MSincccc, all very helpful comments! Responded to all of your comments so far above. MCE89 (talk) 11:42, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- Performance
- "Each Wild Australia Show performance" → "Each performance"
- You could link to artistic control.
- "Memmott believes" → "Memmott suggests"
- "The stage for the performances featured a set of backdrops" → "The stage featured a set of backdrops"
- "had been loaned from the Queensland Museum" → "were loaned from the Queensland Museum"
MSincccc (talk) 14:45, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- Legacy and photographs
- A single comment- Why do we include "photographs" in the section heading?
- Bottom line
- MCE89 That's all from me. I missed your responses yesterday since I am presently engaged in multiple active FACs.
I will support the nomination. Cheers. MSincccc (talk) 04:59, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks so much again! Appreciate the review. MCE89 (talk) 09:53, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- MCE89 I tend to prefer the button, but one doesn’t always get what one wants, right? Anyway, I look forward to your next article. MSincccc (talk) 10:07, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
Support by Nick-D
This is a very interesting, though disturbing, article. The article is in good shape, but it would be good - if possible - to provide more information about the performers' motivations and contributions in particular:
- The lead needs to note the racism against Indigenous Australians and restrictions they faced; it lacks this context at present despite it being discussed in the article
- "The group was formed by Archibald Meston and his business partner Brabazon Harry Purcell" - it should be noted that the organisers were white while the performers were not
- " forced out of his seat after a failed coal mining venture forced him to declare bankruptcy " - duplication of "forced" in the same sentence could be avoided
- "Despite having once held virulently racist views, Meston developed an interest in Aboriginal culture and joined the Aborigines' Protection Society of Queensland in 1890" - my understanding is that being racist didn't preclude membership of the various protection societies given they were focused on racist assimilation-based views and paternalism. I'd suggest tweaking the wording here.
- "The show's audience soon dwindled, and the show" - also some duplication here
- Can more be said about what motivated the Indigenous Australian performers to volunteer to work on this show?
- It's a good question and it's something that the sources spend a lot of time speculating about (the book that I've used as my main source includes some interesting fictionalised vignettes about what could have motivated the performers), but there's not much that can really be said with any certainty. I've added a bit about what scholars have speculated their motivations might have been, but beyond that I don't think there's much more that can really be said unfortunately. MCE89 (talk) 11:42, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- Can anything be said about how the performances were developed? Did the performers have input into this?
- What were the performers paid? Nick-D (talk) 05:03, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
Thanks very much for the review Nick-D! I've responded to your comments above. MCE89 (talk) 11:42, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
Phryne
- Nominator(s): Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:50, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
This article is about Phryne, the most famous courtesan of classical Greece. She was famed in antiquity for her trial for impiety, in which she supposedly secured her acquittal by showing the jury her breasts, and for her relationship with the sculptor Praxiteles, who supposedly modeled the Aphrodite of Knidos on her. The best-known versions of both of these stories are probably heavily fictionalised, and we know little about her life for certain, but we have her father's name, a reasonable idea of her year and city of birth, and more than one event in her life which is almost certainly at least based on something which probably actually happened – which makes her one of the best attested women of her period, and indeed the entirety of ancient Greek history.
In the eighteenth and nineteenth century French artists went through something of a Phryne phase – they liked a historical courtesan whom they had an excuse to show without too many clothes on – and to the extent she is known today by laypeople it's probably due to Jean-Léon Gérôme's painting Phryne before the Areopagus. 2024 was a big year for Phryne – two entire books were published about her almost simultaneously, propelling her at a stroke into third place in the hypothetical leaderboard of ancient Greek women who have been the subject of English-language monographs (Cleopatra and Sappho have the top two spots tied down for the foreseeable future) and prompting me to once again take up the article I brought to GA back in 2022. Many thanks to UndercoverClassicist and Choliamb, both of whom provided helpful advice when I first started looking at bringing this to FAC; any remaining errors in the article are no doubt mine. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:50, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
UC
I'd been wondering when this would show up here -- delighted that it has. Will chip in here soon. UndercoverClassicist T·C 20:24, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- On the lead image: any thought about swapping in the full-size Aphrodite of Knidos? The head isn't a great image (the contrast between the head and the background isn't wonderful), and it strikes me that the faces of ancient female statues are usually pretty standardised -- without being overly crude, it probably wasn't (just, particularly) Phryne's face that Praxitiles used.
- I don't really want to use this image currently illustrating §Model because it's looking away from the text – especially for the lead image, portraits always look better to me head on or looking towards the text (and MOS:PORTRAIT agrees with me on this). I could use an alternative image (the best for the Ludovisi Aphrodite is probably this, though it's cut off mid-thigh rather than showing the whole sculpture; alternatively there's the Colonna Venus). Or there's this as a possibly more legible image of the head. The other consideration is what to put in the section currently illustrated by the Ludovisi Venus, if we put a much more similar image in the lead. Two possibilities come to mind: (1) rather than an image, we could have a blockquote of one of the ecphrastic epigrams from the Greek Anthology related to Praxiteles' carvings and Phryne; (2) we could mention Antonio Corso's thesis that this is a replica of Praxiteles' Thespian Aphrodite/Phryne at Delphi. What think you? Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 10:47, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- I think that first Ludovisi image is a very good one for the purpose. This one is an improvement on what we have, but my reservations about faces alone would remain; given that the appearance of faces of female statues from antiquity, particularly of Venus, are overwhelmingly dictated by convention/idealism, how much of the model do we think we can really see in it? I don't have a strong opinion on what to swap it for: both 1) and 2) seem eminently sensible. UndercoverClassicist T·C 13:15, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Are we considering hetaira/hetairai a naturalised word? Not convinced I'm totally sold on that, to be honest.
- I'm not entirely sold myself, but it has entries in the OED, Chambers, and Merriam-Webster, so I think it meets MOS:!EN's A rule of thumb is to not italicize words that appear unitalicized in major general-purpose English dictionaries. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 10:47, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Non-English words need lang tags: Musée du Louvre (use
|italic=noif you want), Deipnosophistae.- Ah, I always miss some. Let me know if you spot any more that I've missed (or just fix them yourself if it's easier!) Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 10:47, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Phryne was largely ignored during the Renaissance: I wonder if this could be a bit more nuanced than "ignored": we're talking about specific people who might have been expected to depict her but didn't.
- We could, but there's not much more to say here that I can find. Both Cavallini and Funke use the word (Cavallini: "almost ignored"; Funke: "mostly ignored") but neither mentions any specific examples of people who failed to depict her. Frustratingly Funke says that she "will discuss" the only three seventeenth-century paintings of Phryne and then proceeds to mention only one! I've added a mention of Funke's only three paintings, however. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 10:47, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Is the seventeenth century generally considered the Renaissance? Most people would draw the end of that period somewhere before 1600, I think, and sometimes before 1500. UndercoverClassicist T·C 13:16, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- As far as Italian art is concerned, most would say that the Late Renaissance is followed around 1590 (Carracci and then Caravaggio) by the Baroque. In art, I think no-one would end the Renaissance before 1527, the Sack of Rome terminating the High Renaissance, the start of which is usually taken to be David (Michelangelo), 1501-04. Before that is Early Renaissance. Johnbod (talk) 15:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- I was thinking of England, where it's unusual (though not unheard of) to describe Henry VIII (r. 1509–1547) as "Renaissance" rather than "Early Modern". But yes, the correction in this context is well taken. UndercoverClassicist T·C 16:23, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'm entirely happy terminating the English Renaissance somewhere under James I, which I think is still typical in the study of the arts. Early Modern isn't a useful concept in art history, even if the start and stop dates could be agreed, which seems a long way off. Johnbod (talk) 21:20, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Well it sounds as though consensus is that the seventeenth century is mostly not renaissance, so I've jiggled the text around to reflect that. (On the renaissance/early modern thing, my impression is that they significantly overlap; renaissance is just more commonly used when discussing art history and intellectual history and early modern when discussing other kinds of history) Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 10:35, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'm entirely happy terminating the English Renaissance somewhere under James I, which I think is still typical in the study of the arts. Early Modern isn't a useful concept in art history, even if the start and stop dates could be agreed, which seems a long way off. Johnbod (talk) 21:20, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- I was thinking of England, where it's unusual (though not unheard of) to describe Henry VIII (r. 1509–1547) as "Renaissance" rather than "Early Modern". But yes, the correction in this context is well taken. UndercoverClassicist T·C 16:23, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- As far as Italian art is concerned, most would say that the Late Renaissance is followed around 1590 (Carracci and then Caravaggio) by the Baroque. In art, I think no-one would end the Renaissance before 1527, the Sack of Rome terminating the High Renaissance, the start of which is usually taken to be David (Michelangelo), 1501-04. Before that is Early Renaissance. Johnbod (talk) 15:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Is the seventeenth century generally considered the Renaissance? Most people would draw the end of that period somewhere before 1600, I think, and sometimes before 1500. UndercoverClassicist T·C 13:16, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- As well as her depiction in visual arts, since the nineteenth century she has also appeared: the grammar of this introductory clause is a bit wonky: suggest "as well as being depicted..."
- Yes, you're right. Changed Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 10:47, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- the artists Apelles and Praxiteles: the Aphrodite of Knidos was said to have been based on her.: "the latter's"?
- Yes, definitely worth being clear here Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 10:47, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- in literature, theatre, and on film.: as we change the preposition, I would do in theatre.
- And done Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 10:47, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- As with other ancient Greek women, scholarship about Phryne is hindered by the fragmentary nature of the surviving sources: this is true for all ancient Greek people, so it's odd to single out "women" here while not giving anything that specifically applies to women. I think it would be true to say that women in general are even more poorly reflected in the evidential record than men, but we would need to actually find a way of saying and sourcing that.
- Hmm, McClure is specifically talking about the difficulty of writing about ancient women. I've had a go at recasting this so as not to imply that we have more plentiful sourcing about Greek men than we actually do – is this any better? Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 10:52, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yeah, I like it. I might be tempted to point out that women in classical Athens still have it much better, evidentially speaking, than women from just about anywhere else, because at least the sources exist -- but the double edge of that sword is that they're practically all from male perspectives. But of course you'd need a source that explicitly says as much. I suspect something like Pomeroy's Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves will have something to that effect? UndercoverClassicist T·C 12:33, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- I've got a copy of Pomeroy on my shelf; I'll have a look and see what can be done. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:50, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yeah, I like it. I might be tempted to point out that women in classical Athens still have it much better, evidentially speaking, than women from just about anywhere else, because at least the sources exist -- but the double edge of that sword is that they're practically all from male perspectives. But of course you'd need a source that explicitly says as much. I suspect something like Pomeroy's Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves will have something to that effect? UndercoverClassicist T·C 12:33, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hmm, McClure is specifically talking about the difficulty of writing about ancient women. I've had a go at recasting this so as not to imply that we have more plentiful sourcing about Greek men than we actually do – is this any better? Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 10:52, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- The most substantial contemporary source about Phryne's life was Hypereides' defence speech from her trial.: I know the date's only roughly known, but I would put one on it here: we're saying "contemporary" but don't actually clarify when we're talking about for several sections.
- Added an approximate date range here Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 10:52, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- The most important of these is Athenaeus, who was from Roman Egypt in the second century AD.: not sure of the grammar here. "Born in Roman Egypt in..."; "lived in Roman Egypt in..." etc all work fine, but I'm not sure you can say someone was from somewhere in a time period.
- I think you're right here. Had a go at rephrasing this – better? Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 10:52, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Athenian comic playwrights had moved away from the mythological subjects popular in earlier periods, and more often satirised real people: I know it's sourced, but this doesn't pass the sniff test. We don't have a single Aristophanic comedy, as far as I know at least, that's primarily mythological in subject -- and plenty of them satirise real people (Cleon, Socrates, Euripides, Aeschylus, Cleisthenes...). His very earliest known play is the Acharnians of 425, and that's set in contemporary Athens and mocks real people (and it's a pretty safe bet that The Babylonians, his second, did at least the latter) -- so what's the presumed older comedy that Funke is talking about here? I would be able to wear the point for tragedy, but someone (Funke, perhaps) has gotten muddled up here.
- Okay, I've followed up on Funke's source (McClure, Courtesans at Table) and I think the point that they're trying to make here is to contrast Middle Comedy pre-Phryne (which is what they are claiming was largely mythological burlesque) with Middle Comedy at the time of Phryne (featuring real hetairai). As you say Aristophanes is definitely satirising real people in many plays and other than in Frogs (which also satirises real people!) doesn't do much in the way of mythological comedy! (McClure's position on Old Comedy seems to be that while they did satirise real people frequently, it wasn't hetairai who were particularly targets). I'll have a go at making the point here clearer. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 11:16, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- McClure's position on Old Comedy seems to be that while they did satirise real people frequently, it wasn't hetairai who were particularly targets: that bit's very fair, at least, though of course there are plenty of jokes at women being hypersexual (see Lysistrata, the Ecclesiazusae...) UndercoverClassicist T·C 12:02, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Several anecdotes from the Deipnosophistae relate Phryne's witticisms, though the meaning of many of them is unclear: the anecdotes or the witticisms? It might be a nice touch to quote one or two in a quote box, if you feel we have room: that would be the closest we can get to hearing Phryne's actual voice (though obviously there's massive caveats on that).
- In one anecdote: I would quite like to know the source of this, even if only in a footnote.
- probably between 350 BC and 340 BC.: can cut the first BC here.
- And done. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 20:05, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- The charge of introducing a new god had previously been used in the trial of Socrates;: being a bit pedantic, Socrates was accused of doing it in the plural (that is, introducing new divinities: ὡς ... ἕτερα δὲ καινὰ δαιμόνια εἰσφέροι, in Xenophon's phrasing).
- If not at FAC, when? I see that Funke is in fact careful to say "new god" when referring to the charge against Phryne versus "new gods" vis à vis Socrates. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 20:05, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- I would put dates on the trials of Socrates and Ninios, and briefly say who they were. It's a bit surprising, for example, that the same charge used against two people obviously engaged in the religious/philosophical sphere would be turned against a woman who spent her time being paid to have dinner (etc) with men.
- According to Harpocration: who's he and how should he know?
- Note g needs a full stop and a citation.
- Christine Mitchell Havelock notes that there is separate evidence for women being brought into the courtroom to arouse the sympathy of the jury: this is true, but a bit misleading: we're talking about bringing in the family of an accused man. I think the difference needs to be noted here as well as the similarity.
- in ancient Greece baring the breasts was a gesture intended to arouse compassion: are we talking about e.g. Hecuba in the Iliad here? If so, the difference is again important: that's quite specifically a mother baring her breasts to her son, to remind him that she suckled him at them. Ziogas's parallels below are different in the same important way: Clytemnestra's gesture is clearly maternal while Menelaus's is clearly erotic (as Ziogas points out): it's not sympathy she's arousing here. Finally, at the risk of stating the blindingly obvious, not without parallel in Greek practice: we are surely not saying that the playscript of the Oresteia or the text of the Little Iliad definitely reflect what actual people actually did?
- his comedy Ephesian Woman: no the?
- There's absolutely no consistency in how this title is given in English among my sources; having done a quick survey it seems as though the most commonly-used solution is simply to transliterate it as Ephesia. I have no personal investment in any of them (and indeed I notice that the article currently uses both Ephesian Woman and The Ephesian Girl). I've just made them all The Ephesian Woman so we can at least be internally consistent, but I'm not especially wedded to that particular rendering of the title. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:33, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- We never actually say which court Phryne was tried in. The paintings all say the Areopagus, but in that case "jury" isn't quite the right term, and we should probably explain what it was.
- Yes, the paintings are all wrong. There's no evidence in the ancient sources that it was the Areopagus, and good reason to believe that it wasn't. Several ancient sources have Phryne tried by jurors; Posidippus has the trial at the Heliaia; David Phillips' The Law of Ancient Athens says that the only impiety trials which took place before the Areopagus were those related to the desecration of sacred olive trees. (And though he doesn't believe that Phryne was prosecuted by a graphe asebias, he still thinks that she would have been tried by a jury, not the Areopagus). People writing about Phryne's trial unhelpfully don't seem to discuss this in any way, but Cavallini on Phryne's reception does explicitly note that Gérôme's Areopagus is wrong, so I've added a footnote where we discuss the painting making this observation. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:33, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Should we say this business about which court it was when we introduce the trial itself? As you probably know, the Athenians had the frustrating habit of talking about the "Heliaia" when we would probably say a "dikasterion". I think that by our period, being tried in front of the whole Heliaia (which in theory could consist of the entire citizen body) was pretty rare, but I'm well out of my depth on that. UndercoverClassicist T·C 18:31, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yes, legal procedure is very much not my area of interest, but my understanding is that at this point "heliaia" can refer to basically any jury trial, not specifically to trials in the specific building/in front of the entire citizenry. I haven't yet found any sources which really talk about what the specific procedures of Phryne's trial are likely to have been, though, which is why I've avoided dealing with it in the section on the trial itself. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 20:10, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- Should we say this business about which court it was when we introduce the trial itself? As you probably know, the Athenians had the frustrating habit of talking about the "Heliaia" when we would probably say a "dikasterion". I think that by our period, being tried in front of the whole Heliaia (which in theory could consist of the entire citizen body) was pretty rare, but I'm well out of my depth on that. UndercoverClassicist T·C 18:31, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yes, the paintings are all wrong. There's no evidence in the ancient sources that it was the Areopagus, and good reason to believe that it wasn't. Several ancient sources have Phryne tried by jurors; Posidippus has the trial at the Heliaia; David Phillips' The Law of Ancient Athens says that the only impiety trials which took place before the Areopagus were those related to the desecration of sacred olive trees. (And though he doesn't believe that Phryne was prosecuted by a graphe asebias, he still thinks that she would have been tried by a jury, not the Areopagus). People writing about Phryne's trial unhelpfully don't seem to discuss this in any way, but Cavallini on Phryne's reception does explicitly note that Gérôme's Areopagus is wrong, so I've added a footnote where we discuss the painting making this observation. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:33, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- one of three known from the fourth century in which a metic woman was accused of a religious crime: what's a metic?
- Added a parenthetical gloss Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:33, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Due to her wealth and connections, hers was the only one in which the accused was acquitted: do we know this causation for sure?
- Fair point; I've explicitly attributed this to Kennedy. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:33, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Praxiteles' Aphrodite of Knidos, the first three-dimensional and monumentally sized female nude in ancient Greek art: if we're going to say first, we should also say when.
- it is the only known statue of a woman alone to be dedicated before the Roman period: again, a date would help here.
- I would explain who Eros was: it becomes important on the second mention.
- Done Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 20:03, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Part of me likes that Campaspe gets a wikilink while Alexander the Great doesn't, but I think we should probably correct the imbalance.
- I hadn't linked it not to make a point (though I do enjoy the point I wasn't making) but because Alexander is linked in the body above; it's sufficiently far away that the extra link in the footnote is probably worthwhile, though, so I've added it Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 20:03, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- on the Greek island of Kos before being taken to Rome by the emperor Augustus;: beating an old drum, but how about a {{reigned}} template?
- Sure, added Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 20:03, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
More to follow. UndercoverClassicist T·C 12:33, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'm not sure we actually say why bearing her breasts (allegedly) helped Phryne's case. Ziogas puts it nicely: This ysterious source of desire for the female body is ultimately traced in the sphere of the divine. This is a crucial aspect for understanding the judgment of Helen and the trial of Phryne. Menelaus’ wife cannot be tried and put to death because her goddesslike figure sets her above human law. Hyperides’ evocation of Helen’s special status aims at establishing a similar state of exception for Phryne ... According to Athenaeus, Phryne's disrobing and Hyperides' subsequent lament "caused the jurors to feel a superstitious fear of this priestess and temple-attendant of Aphrodite, and to give in to pity rather than put her to death." Thesource of the jurors’ fear of gods, dismissed as superstitious, is Phryne’s religious devotion to the cult of Aphrodite.
- Angelica Kauffmann's Praxiteles Giving Phryne his Statue of Cupid (1794): worth footnoting that Cupid = Eros, as we've called him in the text?
- in one story, she asked a prospective client for one mina to sleep with her: I like this anecdote: it would be good to give some idea of how much a mina was worth. I can probably dig something out if you like.
- Added a comparison Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 20:03, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- In ancient literature, hetairai were often said to have modelled for famous artists: for instance Aristides of Thebes was said to have painted Leontion.: Leontion's article seems decidedly unsure about whether she was a hetaira, though I haven't checked this in better sources.
- It's quite possibly disputed – she wouldn't be the only ancient woman whose status as a hetaira is in doubt! – but even if it is I'm not sure it really affects the point being made here if she was considered a hetaira in antiquity. McClure gives several other examples, though, so we can certainly change it – Glycera with Pausias, Campaspe and Lais (frustratingly neither McClure nor Kapparis, who both mention this story, are very clear which of the various courtesans who used the name Lais this refers to!) with Apelles. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 20:03, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- I was thinking of modifying it to be clearer on whose word we're taking where: something like "the fourth-century Roman philosopher Fatuous Maximus related that Leontion, whom he categorised as a hetaira, was once painted by Aristides of Thebes". UndercoverClassicist T·C 07:19, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- This may have been the first female portrait ever dedicated at Delphi: of a mortal woman, I assume?
- I would presume so. Keesling does not say so explicitly, but I assume that by "portrait statue" she is specifically referring to statues of real mortal women as opposed to legendary/mythical/divine women. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 20:03, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- Early depictions of her by Angelica Kauffmann and J. M. W. Turner avoid eroticising her: this is a little bit of a cheat, as neither Kaufmann nor Turner ever really eroticised anything. Turner in particular painted scenes and landscapes rather than people, and hence it's very difficult to find Phryne at all in his painting. Salvator Rosa might be a better comparandum, but again I can't find any painting by him that I would really describe as erotic in any meaningful way.
- engravings by Léopold Flameng, a sculpture by Alexandre Falguière, and a drawing by Paul Cézanne all modelled after Gérôme's Phryne: do we have images of those?
- The way we present Gérôme's image is a bit unfortunate: it's the iconic image of the trial, but we really want it in a multi-image with Leroux and A Roman Slave Market, down in the Reception section, to illustrate the controversy over the pose. I'm chewing over suggesting swapping in e.g. Deshays or David to the trial section, but I don't think either would be as good, or suggesting moving the two relevant pictures out of the gallery into this section, but then it would all become very crowded indeed. Probably best to leave it as we have it.
- In nineteenth century literature: hyphen.
- Frederic Leighton and Edward Burne-Jones both painted works on this theme in the 1880s: again, anything for the gallery here?
- Alessandro Blasetti's "Il processo di Frine" ("The Trial of Phryne") adapted the story of Phryne's trial with a contemporary setting: it might be worth saying that the story in Blasetti/Scarfoglio is really quite different: the defendant is accused of poisoning her husband, and is convicted (but avoids the death penalty and gets a paltry prison term instead) because her lawyer argues that her beauty shows that "her appetites are those of idiots and fools ... she is mentally ill ... as beautiful on the outside as she is empty on the inside" (gli appetiti suoi son quelli appunto dei cretini e degl'idioti ... [lei] è ammalata di mente ... è tanto bella di fuori quanto è vuota dentro). At the end, he laughs and reveals that his whole impassioned speech was a sham.
- Both films depict Phryne's disrobing at her trial with an iconography influenced by Gérôme's painting.: this doesn't quite happen in "Il processo di Frine" (which you can see on YouTube: watch from 1:55:00). In the film (but not the story), the defence lawyer covers her (already fully clothed) with his own gown, then theatrically pulls the gown away: this is clearly a nod to the story behind the Gérôme painting, but she is never actually disrobed.
- pheidomai, "to be thrifty": you won't need me to spell it out, but for those playing along at home: you've used the first person singular here, so should translate as such, or alternatively quote the infinitive. The joke works just as "well" with either -- you might want to add to the footnote that the pun is on Phidias's name ("Phid-" and "Pheid-" would be pronounced almost identically in most Greek dialects).
- A Hellenistic biographer, Hermippus of Smyrna, reports that after Phryne's acquittal, Euthias was so furious that he never spoke publicly again: cited entirely to primary sources. Not a huge problem as the phrasing entirely meets WP:PRIMARY, but has this been mentioned in a secondary source, to appease WP:DUEWEIGHT?
- There's a lot of Funke and McClure in the citations. The bibliography is also entirely Anglophone. Again, I'm not convinced this is a huge problem, as ancient women aren't generally massively well studied, but a few JSTOR articles which might be of use:
- Conyers, Claude (2003), Courtesans in Dance History: Les Belles de la Belle Époque, JSTOR 1568125 (p. 229 mentions a ballet on Phryne).
- Corso, Antonio (1998), Love as Suffering: The Eros of Thespiae of Praxiteles, JSTOR 43636541 (pp. 66ff have good material on Praxitiles and Phryne not mentioned in the article).
- Griffin, Jasper (1977), Propertius and Antony, JSTOR 299915 (p. 20 for Phyrne's place in the tradition of literature on hetairai).
- Mahaffey, Kathleen (1970), Pope's 'Artimesia' and 'Phryne' as Personal Satire, JSTOR 513634 (Pope's satire probably deserves a name-drop).
- Gutzwiller, Kathryn (2004), Gender and Inscribed Epigram: Herennia Procula and the Thespian Eros, JSTOR 20054113 (p. 385 on "scopic economy", citing Davidson as mentioned in the article; this idea probably needs some discussion).
- Schiller, Noel (2010), Desire and dissimulation: laughter as an expressive behavior in Karel van Mander's "Den grondt der edel vry schilder-const" (1604), JSTOR 43885158 (Phryne gets quite a lot of airtime here, though it's difficult to point to individual sentences that 100% need to be in this article: some of it might be useful).
- Gaillard, Francoise; Windish, Colette (2012), Naked, but Hairy: Women and Misogyny in Fin de Siècle Representations, JSTOR 41679414 (Has a wonderful Zola quote about Gérôme's Phryne, though maybe more at home in the article on the painting).
- House, John (2008), History without Values? Gérôme's History Paintings, JSTOR 20462785 (pp. 267ff on the negative reaction to Gérôme's painting, which casts it somewhat differently to how we have here).
- Corpataux, Jean-François (2009), Phryné, Vénus et Galatée dans I'atelier de Jean-Léon Gérôme, JSTOR 40343670 (mostly, and at length, on Gérôme, but does have photos of Falguiere's statues on p. 147, so might be worth citing for that alone -- and see note 16 for possibly useful bibliography).
- Roworth, Wendy Wassyng (1983), The Gentle Art of Persuasion: Angelica Kauffman's Praxiteles and Phryne, JSTOR 3050350 (comments at length on the unusualness of the two Kaufmann Phryne episodes -- Xenocrates and Praxiteles -- in art to Kaufmann's time, and some thoughts on what she was trying to do with them).
- Cavallini, Eleonara (2014), Esibizionismo o propaganda politica? Frine tra storia e aneddotica (in Italian) (lots here: e.g. p. 129f very good on methodological difficulties; p. 132 gives an explanation for the capers thing; pp. 136ff talk about the likely impact of the Knidia on Phryne's life, though admittedly though conjecture)
- John Frederick Nims seems to have written a poem called "Phryne", but I can find very little on it online.
Image review
- How does the image gallery align with WP:GALLERY?
- While Phryne is not inherently an article about the visual arts, the story of her reception in the last 400 years is dominated by the visual arts – by contrast with comparable ancient figures like Aspasia for whom the literary reception is much more important. The images in the gallery are either explicitly mentioned in the text (the Turner and Gerome paintings, the Puck cartoon) or alluded to (Kauffman painted several images of Phryne and our discussion doesn't currently refer to any specific one; we don't explicitly mention David's drawing as an early example of the 19th century French treatment of Phryne discussed in the text; Saint-Saens' opera is mentioned but not the poster design specifically). I'd be happy to tweak exactly which images are illustrated in the gallery if people think the current ones aren't the best possible, but given the importance of the visual receptions of Phryne I do think a gallery is justified. Caeciliusinhorto-public (talk) 15:18, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- File:Phryne_seduces_the_philosopher_Xenocrates,_Angelica_Kauffmann_1794.jpg: source link is dead
- Added an archive link Caeciliusinhorto-public (talk) 15:18, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- File:Jean-Léon_Gérôme_-_A_Roman_Slave_Market_-_Walters_37885.jpg: the original work needs a US tag
- First exhibited in 1884, so I think the new tag I have applied which covers US as well as international rights is correct Caeciliusinhorto-public (talk) 15:18, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- File:Phryné_-_opéra-comique_en_2_actes_...,_musique_de_C._Saint-Saëns._-_affiche_-_F._Marcotte_-_btv1b53187307n.jpg: what is the author's date of death? Nikkimaria (talk) 05:00, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- The date of the author's death is not necessary as c:Template:PD-old-assumed applies. ―Howard • 🌽33 12:52, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- My best guess is that the F. Marcotte in question is Félix Marcotte (died 1953 and thus out of copyright in life+70 countries), who according to fr:Félix Marcotte was an artist as well as an Olympic sailor, but I haven't yet tracked down anything concrete. If I can't find out for sure I will change the template to c:Template:PD-old-assumed. Caeciliusinhorto-public (talk) 15:18, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- The date of the author's death is not necessary as c:Template:PD-old-assumed applies. ―Howard • 🌽33 12:52, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Placeholder. MSincccc (talk) 18:03, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- As an initial comment, I would suggest adding the relevant language template ("Use... English"). Best,
- Added {{Use British English}} – there's no MOS:TIES, but that's my own natural variety and there's a few BrEng spellings in the article (—ise spellings, theatre, modelled/travelled) Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 09:35, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- As an initial comment, I would suggest adding the relevant language template ("Use... English"). Best,
- MSincccc (talk) 18:05, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Sources
- "the source of the vast majority of extant ancient writings about Phryne" → "the source of most extant ancient writings about Phryne"
- More idiomatic?
- I don't see a difference in how idiomatic they are; the difference is how much each emphasises the importance of Athenaeus to the transmission of texts about Phryne. "Most" is significantly weaker. I'm not especially tied to "vast majority" but nor do I see a compelling reason to change it. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 21:59, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- More idiomatic?
- "source about Phryne's life" → "source for Phryne’s life"
- Why? To the extent I see a difference in meaning here I think "about" is marginally better (I would tend to use "source for" in reference to a specific claim, as in "source for the connection [between Phryne and the Aphrodite of Knidos]" further down the article) Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 21:59, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Phryne featured in several of these plays. In Timocles' Orestautokleides and Anaxilas' Neottis she is named in lists of hetairai, Timocles' Neaira makes a joke about her early life, and Posidippus' The Ephesian Girl describes her trial.
- Could these sentence be rephrased since it strings together three points with commas, making it hard to parse?
- I don't disagree that this isn't the easiest sentence to parse, but it's not super easy to improve without just removing information. I've had a go – does this look any better? Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 21:59, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Could these sentence be rephrased since it strings together three points with commas, making it hard to parse?
MSincccc (talk) 12:49, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Life
- You could link to Helen Morales.
- And so I shall Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 21:59, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- according to Plutarch her fame meant
- You could insert a comma after "Plutarch".
- The article seems to usually have a comma in this construction; I've added it here and in two other cases where it was omitted. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 21:59, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- You could insert a comma after "Plutarch".
- "they rarely describe specifics of her appearance" → "they rarely described specifics of her appearance"
- We have ancient sources in the present tense throughout the article (e.g. "comic plays from Phryne's lifetime often refer to hetairai", "Several anecdotes from the Deipnosophistae relate Phryne's witticisms", "Harpocration describes him as being foreign"). My understanding of MOS:TENSE is that this is correct, and it certainly seems to be how it's done in other ancient history FAs) Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 21:59, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- As we're talking about the writers, rather than their works, we should probably go for the past tense, as in the previous clause: Though ancient authors writing about Phryne were deeply concerned with her beauty, they rarely describe. At the very least, the two should go the same way. UndercoverClassicist T·C 22:09, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ah, I missed that. Changed. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 22:21, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- As we're talking about the writers, rather than their works, we should probably go for the past tense, as in the previous clause: Though ancient authors writing about Phryne were deeply concerned with her beauty, they rarely describe. At the very least, the two should go the same way. UndercoverClassicist T·C 22:09, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc (talk) 17:10, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Life (Trial)
- lists three specific accusations against her –
- How about a colon after "her"?
- A colon would also be acceptable here, but I don't see a compelling reason Caeciliusinhorto-public (talk) 12:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- How about a colon after "her"?
- You could include a Wikitionary link to "licentiousness".
- I see MOS:INTERWIKI permits this, but the only guidance on when to do so is the unhelpfully vague "to an unusual word". I don't know that I think "licentiousness" is sufficiently unusual to justify this – I'll leave it for now but if others think it's too difficult to understand this sentence, in the spirit of MOS:NOFORCELINK I think we'd be better off rewriting it, frankly. Caeciliusinhorto-public (talk) 12:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- Life (Model)
- "In ancient literature" → "In Ancient Greek literature"
- Not just ancient Greek literature; McClure gives Pliny's (Latin) Natural History as the "foremost" example Caeciliusinhorto-public (talk) 12:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- You could link to Kos.
- Sure – we've done so for other places in Greece on first mention Caeciliusinhorto-public (talk) 12:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- "and reputedly the model for both him and the painter Apelles" → "and was reputedly the model for both him and the painter Apelles"
- Hmm, yes, I think this is marginally clearer. Done Caeciliusinhorto-public (talk) 12:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- "The only source for the connection is Athenaeus." → "Athenaeus is the only source for this connection."
- More natural word order? I leave it to you.
- I don't have a strong opinion; I'll change it if someone feels strongly about it but I think it's fine as-is. Caeciliusinhorto-public (talk) 12:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- More natural word order? I leave it to you.
MSincccc (talk) 07:33, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Bottom line
- @Caeciliusinhorto-public: I have no further suggestions at the moment, though I have made three minor revisions to the article. I have responded to your query above and would be happy to support. Cheers. MSincccc (talk) 08:33, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you for your comments! Caeciliusinhorto-public (talk) 08:52, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
Johnbod
- Looks pretty good, & UC can be relied on to cover classical points, so not much to say.
- I think a bit of explanation of the hetaira is justified.
- Yes, agreed. I'm thinking about the best way to do so; I might have to rework a couple of the paragraphs in §Life to get this into a logical order. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:36, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Okay, I've worked up something. Let me know what you think Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 20:30, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yes, agreed. I'm thinking about the best way to do so; I might have to rework a couple of the paragraphs in §Life to get this into a logical order. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:36, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- There is a lot of mention of anecdotes, but only one or two of them are given. Is a section just listing some possible? With health warnings as necessary.
- I think most of the relevant ones are worked into the article in various places (I've added one, and more detail on another, since your review), and think the current structure including them in the article, rather than just randomly listing them, is the most sensible way of doing things. (There's one more well-known one, about her charging a client a mina to sleep with her, which I'm probably also going to work in to the text in the near future in response to some of UC's comments above, so watch this space...) Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:36, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- I think the gallery is entirely justified, and could perhaps be larger. Unfortunately the Neoclassical works are rather insipid. The wonderful MET drawing perhaps, and even File:Tableau vivant de l'Académie Julian caricaturant la Phryné de Gérôme photo de monfreid.jpg
- Yes, there's only so many neoclassical history paintings we can expect the reader to stomach! I love the Met drawing, but while it's clearly out of copyright I think technically we have to be able to demonstrate that it was first published before 1931 (or before 1977 without copyright notice/renewal). It was certainly illustrated in the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin without any copyright notice when the Met acquired the drawing in 1962, and I can't find any reason to think it was ever published in the US with a copyright notice before that, so I would assume that either (1) it was exhibited in the eighteenth century and thus out of copyright or (2) it was "first published" when the Met announced their acquisition and thus is out of copyright – but I can't actually prove either of those are the case. Could a FAC copyright expert weigh in? (shamelessly @Nikkimaria:) Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:36, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Could you clarify which Met drawing you're asking about? Nikkimaria (talk) 23:35, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Nikkimaria, This one (there are other versions on Commons). As an 18th-century drawing, with the file donated to Commons by the MET I can't see a problem myself. Johnbod (talk) 02:54, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Ah. The Met says it's CC0 and we've generally accepted that. Nikkimaria (talk) 03:16, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Well with that stamp of approval I've gone ahead and added it. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 17:39, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Ah. The Met says it's CC0 and we've generally accepted that. Nikkimaria (talk) 03:16, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Nikkimaria, This one (there are other versions on Commons). As an 18th-century drawing, with the file donated to Commons by the MET I can't see a problem myself. Johnbod (talk) 02:54, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Can't a better image of the Tate's Turner be uploaded?
- I've uploaded the version from the Tate's online catalogue, which is lower resolution but much better colour balance and exposure. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:36, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- More dates in the text on later works would be good.
- My worry with adding too many dates is that they are more distracting than helpful; I've had a re-read of this section and though it doesn't give many specific dates, I think it does a generally good job of chronologically locating works (and anyone who wants to know the specific year of any of the artworks will find it in the image captions, at least). Are there any particular dates you think should be included? Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 20:30, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- The "Angelica Kauffman, Phryne Seduces the Philosopher Xenocrates 1794" in the gallery would fill the imageless "Life" section, but shouldn't the title be "attempts to...". Do we know where it is btw?
- Logically it should be, but Funke has "Seduces" and McClure "Seducing". The catalogue for the Dusseldorf/Munich/Chur 1998 Kauffmann retrospective has it as "Phryne verführt den Philosophen Xenokrat" – German is not a language I speak but this also appears to mean "seduces".To answer your second question: sold at Christies London in 2002, I presume to a private buyer (). McClure 2024 says it's in a private collection. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:36, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- On the other hand, there are 3 17th century paintings, all much better works, in Category:Phryne_and_Xenocrates_in_paintings on Commons, which rather gives the lie to the narrative that only Neoclassicism started depictions.... Or this is very fine.
- Hmm, I've added the Salvator Rosa painting (and since you made this comment, added a little text acknowledging that there were some seventeenth-century depictions). Willing to consider more images if you think it's really valuable – I like the Russ etching. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:36, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- The dimensions of the Russian giant are Width 763.5 cm, Height 390 cm, which really should be given.
- The enormous size of this is certainly notable, but is it notable enough to include in this article? As a reader as soon as I see dimensions in a caption I glaze over entirely, and this is an article about Phryne – not about the painting. I'm willing to be convinced on this point but personally I'm not sure how important the dimensions would be in this caption... (And if we add dimensions to this, should we do so for the other paintings for consistency?) Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:36, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- I've been very slow on this, so I'd better start picking them off as I can. We all have some kind of unthinking mechanism for judging the actual size of a work of art from a tiny photo. In cases where this is likely to give a drastically wrong result, I think an indication of the actual size should be given. "Nearly 8 metres wide" would do (or 25 feet, 8 yards). No there is no need to do it for all the works. The same would apply if it were 15 cm wide. Johnbod (talk) 02:58, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- The enormous size of this is certainly notable, but is it notable enough to include in this article? As a reader as soon as I see dimensions in a caption I glaze over entirely, and this is an article about Phryne – not about the painting. I'm willing to be convinced on this point but personally I'm not sure how important the dimensions would be in this caption... (And if we add dimensions to this, should we do so for the other paintings for consistency?) Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:36, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Better explain the Puck cartoon in the caption; there's room.
- Good idea; added some explanation. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:36, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- More later Johnbod (talk) 02:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Picking up: "this was the first three-dimensional and monumentally sized female nude in ancient Greek art.[75]" - we surely don't know this. Qualify.
- The sources state this as a fact. Funke: "the first monumental female nude sculpture in the ancient Greek world". McClure: "the first life-size female nude in the Western artistic tradition". Havelock: "Praxiteles created the first female nude in monumental and three-dimensional form". Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:16, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- The para giving the comments, or lack of them, on the modelling could do with more dates - most are from many centuries later, even if we assume they reflect other lost sources in between.
- "only known statue of a woman alone" - reads a bit oddly. "only known single statue of a woman" perhaps
- "only known single statue of a woman" reads more oddly to me. I wouldn't be sure what "single statue of a woman" even means; I'm not convinced it has the same meaning. How do you feel about "... woman by herself"? Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:16, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- link Asclepius
- sure Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:16, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- "Hypereides's defence speech was translated into Latin ..." but is now lost, yes?
- I believe so. My sources don't explicitly say so (but while the Wikipedia Library's access to OUP content is broken I don't have access to the source cited in the article), but AFAIK the claim in our article on Corvinus that all of his works are lost is still true. If I can find a source I will add a mention. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:16, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- "Phryne was largely ignored during the Renaissance in favour of women such as Lucretia and Cleopatra, who were seen as heroic". I don't like this sentence at all. The big ancient Greek mistress/prostitute story as far as the later Middle Ages and Renaissance were concerned, at least as reflected in art, was Phyllis and Aristotle (completely a medieval fantasy, but they probably didn't know that). Like Lucretia, Phyllis was a regular part of the Power of Women trope. It is true that both Lucretia and Cleopatra are among the 106 female biographies in Boccaccio's De Mulieribus Claris, and Phryne is not. But this hefty piece of German scholarship on the many versions of the "Nine Female Worthies" mentions Lucretia 6 times and neither Cleopatra nor Phryne once, which rather confirms my expectations. You perhaps need to explain how the Renaissance would have been aware of Phryne to ignore her, which the article doesn't currently cover.
- More later. Johnbod (talk) 03:28, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- No, I think that's it. Johnbod (talk) 00:34, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
Choliamb
I enjoyed an earlier incarnation of this article and it's even better now. I do have a few nits to pick, chiefly about the way in which Athenaeus is cited and credited in the text and notes. The "Sources" section does a good job of summarizing where our information comes from, and makes it clear that most of what Athenaeus says about Phryne was collected from earlier sources. But when it comes to citing these individual bits of information, the approach is inconsistent. Some are attributed to their original authors with a nod to Athenaeus as the proximate source (passages 8 and 9 below); others are attributed to their original authors with no indication that they are preserved in Athenaeus (passage 3 below); and still others are credited only to Athenaeus without any acknowledgement of the original source (passages 1, 2, and 4 below). To be fair, sometimes Athenaeus doesn't name a specific source, and in such cases phrasing like "Athenaeus says" or "according to Athenaeus" is appropriate (passages 7, 10, 11, and 12 below). But when he does say that a particular detail comes from source X or source Y, it seems to me misleading to attribute it to Athenaeus himself. I'd like to see the original source credited as well, if only because most of these sources are several centuries earlier than Athenaeus, and readers shouldn't automatically dismiss them as "late" or "Roman". (Whether they are accurate is a different question, of course.) Many readers, especially those who already have some familiarity with classical antiquity, would probably appreciate being told what the actual source is, rather than having to dig through the secondary sources or through Athenaeus to try to find the passage in question.
Out of curiosity I decided to check every point in the article where Athenaeus is cited as a source, or where some other ancient author is cited as the source but the passage in question is preserved in Athenaeus. I may have overlooked some, but here's what I found:
- (1) Both Plutarch and Athenaeus say that her real name was Mnesarete. This is Athenaeus 13.591e, but he doesn't make this claim on his own authority; he reports that Aristogeiton, in his speech Against Phryne, said that her real name was Mnesarete. (I didn't check Plutarch, but the odds are good that Aristogeiton was his source as well.)
- Editing to add that I overlooked the fact that Aristogeiton is mentioned in the footnote on this sentence. Which is all the more embarrassing because I made the same point on the article talk page back in 2024, and apparently I was the one who added Aristogeiton's name to the note in the first place (in this edit, of which I have no memory whatsoever). Oy! Choliamb (talk) 11:40, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- (2) Explanatory note c: According to Athenaeus, there were two Phrynes: one was nicknamed Saperdion ("little fish"); the other Clausigelos ("teary laughter"). In Athen. 13.591c these nicknames are attributed to the Περὶ ἑταιρῶν of Apollodorus. (This is Apollodorus of Athens in WP, although the article doesn't mention his treatise on prostitutes.)
- (3) According to Callistratus, after Alexander razed Thebes in 335, Phryne offered to pay to rebuild the walls. Although not mentioned here, this is Athen. 13.591d, taken from the Περὶ ἑταιρῶν of Callistratus (called Callistratus (grammarian) in WP, not to be confused with the ecphrasist). The sentence stops here and omits the funny part of the story, which is that Phryne agreed to pay to rebuild the walls, but only if the Thebans set up an inscription saying "Alexander knocked them down, but Phryne the hetaira stood them up". This is alluded to later in the article, in the section on the trial, but perhaps it would be better to tell the story just once and more completely at its first mention? Wherever it is told, it's a shame not to quote the inscription in full, since part of the fun is her cheeky comparison of herself with Alexander, as well as the possible double entendre in her choice of verb (ἀνέστησεν = "lifted them into an upright position", "erected them"), which is reflected in Olson's Loeb translation.
- (4) The prosecution speech delivered by Euthias – which, according to Athenaeus, was composed by Anaximenes of Lampsacus on his behalf. This statement appears in Athen. 13.591e, where it is attributed to Diodorus the periegete (FGrH 372; Diodorus 11 in BNP; no WP article). The wording a little later in the article (Athenaeus's claim that Anaximenes wrote the speech) is misleading, because Athenaeus (or rather Myrtilus, a character in Athenaeus's fictional dinner party) says only that he is aware of the claim, not that he endorses it or knows whether it was true or false. The text here may be an accurate report of what McClure and Eidinow say, but it is not, in my opinion, an accurate report of what Athenaeus says.
- (5) According to Athenaeus, Euthias's case against Phryne was motivated by a personal quarrel rather than Phryne's alleged impiety. I couldn't find this in Athenaeus at all. Looking at the modern source cited for this sentence (O'Connell), I think there may be some confusion, since the two ancient sources adduced by O'Connell on the pages cited are both letters by Alciphron. Cf. Cooper, p. 310. Did I miss something here?
- (6) He observes that Aristogeiton, to whom Athenaeus attributes a speech against Phryne. Yes, see number 1 above.
- (7) while in Athenaeus' version Hypereides exposes Phryne as the climax of his speech. This is Athen. 13.590e, and since he doesn't name a source for this part of his account of the trial, I have no objection to calling it "Athenaeus' version".
- (8) It was not mentioned in Posidippus's version of the trial in his comedy Ephesian Woman, quoted by Athenaeus. This is Athen. 13.591e–f. This and number 9 seem to be the only cases where the article acknowledges both Athenaeus and the original source.
- (9) A Hellenistic biographer, Hermippus of Smyrna, reports that after Phryne's acquittal, Euthias was so furious that he never spoke publicly again. This is Athen. 13.590d, as reported in the footnote.
- (10) The only source for the connection [between Phryne and the Knidian Aphrodite] is Athenaeus. This is Athen. 13.591a. He doesn't explicitly name his source here, so again I have no quarrel with the phrasing.
- (11) Praxiteles also produced a golden or gilt statue of Phryne which was displayed – according to Pausanias dedicated by Phryne; according to Athenaeus by the Thespians. This is Athen. 13.591b, and here too he names no source for the statement that the statue was dedicated by the Thespians, so "according to Athenaeus" seems fine. Ironically, a couple of sentences later Athenaeus cites a different source which, if anything, supports Pausanias's version of the story, according to which Phryne herself dedicated the statue. He quotes the inscription on the statue base at Delphi as recorded in On the Dedications at Delphi by an otherwise unknown Alcetas (FGrH 405; RE Alketas 7, which cites only this passage). The inscription gives Phryne's name in the nominative, and if it followed the usual form of dedicatory inscriptions in Greek sanctuaries, this implies (though of course does not prove) that she herself was the dedicator. (The statue was already mentioned above in the section on "Life". No harm in repetition, I guess.)
- (12) According to Athenaeus, he [Apelles] was inspired by the sight of Phryne walking naked into the sea at Eleusis. This is Athen. 13.590f–591a. Again no explicit source cited, so no objection to attributing this to Athenaeus alone.
Interesting to see where the information comes from. Only Posidippus (number 8) is a writer of comedy; the other passages in which specific authors are named (numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 11) are from works of different kinds: speeches, periegetic works, monographs about prostitutes, etc. This suggests that it may be a bit misleading to state, as the "Sources" section does, that Athenaeus' main source was fourth-century comic drama. Perhaps that's true for his discussion of prostitutes in general, but is it true for Phryne? Not on the evidence of the sources cited in this article.
A couple of other related points involving ancient sources:
- She was also said to have dedicated a statue of herself at Delphi, and a statue of Eros to Thespiae. On the statue at Delphi, see passage 11 above. But Kapparis (the modern source cited for this sentence) is simply wrong when he says on p. 323 that she dedicated the statue of Eros "to Thespiae". Athenaeus 13.591b, which Kapparis cites as his source in a footnote on that page, states clearly that she dedicated it not to but in Thespiae (ἐν Θεσπιαῖς). The recipient of the dedication (Eros? some other deity?) is not mentioned.
- When their makeup was removed Phryne was revealed to be the only one who is naturally beautiful rather than relying on cosmetics. This story seems to be preserved only in the fragmentary Protrepticus by Galen. Any reason not to give him credit?
- Another story connected to Phryne's beauty concerns her inability to seduce the philosopher Xenocrates, emphasising his self-restraint. This story is recorded by Diogenes Laertius (4.7) and Valerius Maximus (4.3.ext.3a). Again, any reason not to say so?
And one more comment on a totally different topic:
- Phryne was largely ignored during the Renaissance . The article says this twice, once in the lead and again in the section on reception; from the latter it is clear that the focus is on Renaissance artists. But what about Renaissance writers? Poliziano, one of towering figures of the Italian Renaissance, apparently included a chapter about Phryne in his Miscellaneorum Centuria Secunda (ca. 1483), the manuscript of which was rediscovered in the 20th century and first published in 1972 (review here). I haven't read it, but she apparently attracted the attention of at least one other Renaissance Florentine as well: see P. Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli (Princeton 2019), pp. 203–205, regarding her use as a moral exemplum by Marcello Virgilio Adriani [it], a student of Poliziano and patron of Machiavelli. (These pages show up for me in the Google Books preview; your mileage may vary.) Godman's prose leans purple but it's still an interesting example of how Phryne was treated by an educated writer of the early 16th century. I'm not suggesting that this necessarily belongs in the article, only that the sweeping statement that she was ignored during the Renaissance may be an overstatement (although the qualifier "largely" provides some wiggle room). I have not seen either Funke or McClure; does either of them have anything to say about the appearance of Phryne in these or other Renaissance literary sources?
That's it for me. None of this carping over small points of citation etiquette should be interpreted as criticism of the article as a whole, which I think is excellent. Cheers, Choliamb (talk) 19:31, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks as ever for your very thoughtful comments. I think you are right that it is useful to show the chain of transmission of ancient sources (and UC above also pulls me up on giving away nothing about the source of the Galen anecdote!) Thanks for doing the work of pulling together what comes from where; I shall have to sit down and work all of these into the article.As for Renaissance literary sources: no, neither McClure nor Funke mention either Poliziano or Adriani – nor, so far as I can tell, do they mention any other Renaissance literary reception of Phryne. Cavallini says in a footnote that "a (not very significant) reference to Phryne" is made by Ortensio Lando. I think given the lack of attention paid to renaissance literary allusions to Phryne in the sources about her, it's hard to justify including them in this article – but I'll keep my eyes open for more sources and if I can pull something together on literary representations specifically I'll add it. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 19:47, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- (And thanks for pointing out Kapparis' mix-up re. the statue of Eros at Thespiae: I've now fixed this. McClure and Funke both seem to think that the statue was specifically installed in the sanctuary of Eros, so I would presume that it would have been dedicated to him?) Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 17:38, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yes, Pausanias 9.27.3–4 makes it pretty clear, without saying so explicitly, that the statue was in the sanctuary of Eros (and so almost certainly dedicated to him). Apparently by Pausanias's time Praxiteles's statue had been replaced by a copy produced by the Athenian sculptor Menodoros. The original had been taken to Rome by Caligula, returned by Claudius, and then carried off again by Nero. Pausanias says it was destroyed in a fire, presumably the great fire of A.D. 64. Choliamb (talk) 19:45, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- (And thanks for pointing out Kapparis' mix-up re. the statue of Eros at Thespiae: I've now fixed this. McClure and Funke both seem to think that the statue was specifically installed in the sanctuary of Eros, so I would presume that it would have been dedicated to him?) Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 17:38, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Question...?
- Nominator(s): Ippantekina (talk) 11:20, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
This article is about a minor Taylor Swift song. A personal favourite from her album Midnights, this song seems to have been forgotten even by her fans somehow. I believe the article is comprehensive, well-written, and well-sourced. Thanks to everyone who will take their time to review this candidature, Ippantekina (talk) 11:20, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
Media review
―Howard • 🌽33 15:17, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for the media review! Ippantekina (talk) 17:39, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Background and release
- "after via social media" → "after on social media"
- as a result of the two experimenting with music while their partners were both shooting for a film in Panama
- Could the meaning of the sentence be made clearer?
- "where each video contained the title of one track at a time" → "with each video revealing one track title" or similar versions?
- peaked in the top 10 of charts in Canada, the Philippines, Singapore,
- You could drop "charts in".
- Done all. I also trimmed this section. Ippantekina (talk) 12:03, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- You could drop "charts in".
- Music and lyrics
- Swift wrote and produced "Question...?" with Jack Antonoff.
- Isn't this already covered in the previous section?
- "Antonoff's sister" → "his sister"
- Done. Ippantekina (talk) 12:03, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc (talk) 18:01, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Critical reception
- You could link to lyricism.
- "mostly focused on its lyricism" → "focused on its lyricism"
- particularly the moment when the
- You could drop "the moment".
- Bottom line
- That's all from me. I look forward to your response. MSincccc (talk) 05:04, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done all. I think "lyricism" is not the most objective word choice so I edited it as "lyrics". Thanks for the review, Ippantekina (talk) 12:03, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- I have no further suggestions. I will support the nomination. MSincccc (talk) 14:27, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks again for the review! Ippantekina (talk) 15:26, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- I have no further suggestions. I will support the nomination. MSincccc (talk) 14:27, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done all. I think "lyricism" is not the most objective word choice so I edited it as "lyrics". Thanks for the review, Ippantekina (talk) 12:03, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
Aoba47
- I do have a clarification question about "Out of the Woods". Both the lead and the article refer to it as either a track or a song. Would it be beneficial to clarify that this was a single? I think that it could make a slight difference, as I feel like an artist sampling one of their singles is a bit different than when they sample an album track or a deep cut. I was not sure if this was done because "Out of the Woods" was released as a single in 2016, so you opted to go with when the song was originally released as a part of 1989 to avoid any potential confusion with that. I could very well be overthinking this (as I tend to do), but this is something that caught my attention, so I wanted to ask you about it.
- Yes, you are right that I wrote it out as a 2014 track instead of a 2016 single is due to the fact that I want to highlight it as a 1989 track rather than a standalone single. I hope it is a sound justification. Ippantekina (talk) 11:59, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- I have a similar question about a sentence from the "Music and lyrics" section: Several reviews thought that the sound of "Question...?" evoked the styles of tracks from 1989 such as "Out of the Woods" and "Blank Space". These are both singles from 1989, so I would think that it would be beneficial to clarify that in the prose, because again, I think that it is different when an artist is evoking or referencing a single rather than a deep cut from an album. I think that this phrase makes more sense in the following context, in the 1989 songs "Style", "All You Had to Do Was Stay", and "How You Get the Girl", as a majority of the songs being listed are album tracks.
- For me, I don't think classifying them as singles would benefit the prose much. Ippantekina (talk) 15:40, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- Apologies in advance, as this could be another case of me overthinking things, but I got caught on this phrasing, released for limited-time download. I have not seen that phrasing before, and I would think that "released as a limited-time download" would read more naturally to me, but feel free to disagree, as there is nothing grammatically incorrect about the current phrasing. It is just something that caught my attention. The citation to support this information refers to a digital copy of the song, so it may be better to use that wording, and the corresponding wikilink, rather than limited-time download anyway, as some readers may be unfamiliar with the concept.
- I agree to your points and I tweaked the prose accordingly. Ippantekina (talk) 15:40, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- Shouldn't there be a descriptive phrase in front of the first instance of Taylor Swift in the article? I have noticed that this has been done in your previous Taylor Swift FAs, such as the recently-promoted "Karma" (Taylor Swift song). Was this removed for this article for any particular reason?
- Done. Ippantekina (talk) 15:40, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- I do think that there is a fair amount of repetition in the second paragraph of the "Background and release" section, specifically with the repetition of "released" (twice in the first sentence and then a third time in the second sentence). I would recommend finding a way to avoid this if possible, as it does make the prose less engaging to read.
- Done. Ippantekina (talk) 15:40, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- I have a comment for this part, According to the English-language scholar Maggie Laurel Boyd. English-language does not really make sense in this context. I have looked Boyd up, and she has a PhD in English Literature, so the descriptive phrase should be, the English literature scholar instead. English-language is not the same thing.
- Done. Thanks for the digging! Ippantekina (talk) 15:40, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- There should be a descriptive phrase for Annie Zaleski.
- Done. Ippantekina (talk) 15:40, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- I am uncertain about the usage of the quote in this part, wrote that while it "doesn't fully congeal, [... it] boasts some fascinating tidbits to pore over". Ellipsis are usually used to indicate something was omitted from a quote, however that is not really the case here. There is a substitution of "it" for "the song", but I would remove the ellipsis, as it does not make sense in this context. Just as a suggestion, I think that you could use the quote directly without any substitution, like with the following: Jason Lipshutz of Billboard wrote that while it "doesn't fully congeal, the song boasts some fascinating tidbits to pore over".
- Done. Ippantekina (talk) 15:40, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- A majority of the "Credits and personnel" section is not represented in the prose. I believe that this information would need to be represented in the prose as well, like with how the chart placement, the certifications, and the release history are represented in both the prose and the tables.
- I don't think it is absolutely necessary because the song's writers and producers are the most important personnel (also reflected in the infobox). If I include all musicians and technicians, it reads kinda like a listicle... and the charts and certifications are selected for prose (top 10 etc.), which does not list every chart in the table. I hope this makes sense! Ippantekina (talk) 15:40, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- That is fair. That does makes sense to me. I could see how this kind of information would get quite repetitive and quite dense really easily and could be more off-putting and less engaging for readers, particularly those who are not as familiar with music jargon and the process behind making a song. This was not an issue in your recent FA promotion for "Karma" (Taylor Swift song). I did not even notice this when doing my review, so I think that proves this would be unnecessary. Thank you for taking the time to explain this for me. Aoba47 (talk) 01:08, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- I don't think it is absolutely necessary because the song's writers and producers are the most important personnel (also reflected in the infobox). If I include all musicians and technicians, it reads kinda like a listicle... and the charts and certifications are selected for prose (top 10 etc.), which does not list every chart in the table. I hope this makes sense! Ippantekina (talk) 15:40, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
Wonderful work as always. I hope that this review is helpful. I have only looked at the prose, so my review is limited to that area of the article. It is interesting when a track really resonates with you, but it does not really get any attention from fans or even the artist themselves. I have been there before. I enjoyed reading through this article. Please let me know if you have any questions, and I hope that you are having a wonderful start to your April. Best of luck with this FAC! Aoba47 (talk) 15:29, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you for your review as always. I have addressed all of your comments :) Ippantekina (talk) 15:40, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- I am glad that I could help! Everything looks good to me. Great work as always. I support this FAC for promotion based on the prose. I hope that you have a wonderful end to your week! Aoba47 (talk) 01:08, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you very much for your review! :) Ippantekina (talk) 10:07, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- I am glad that I could help! Everything looks good to me. Great work as always. I support this FAC for promotion based on the prose. I hope that you have a wonderful end to your week! Aoba47 (talk) 01:08, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
Source review
Here'll be a source review from me! RedShellMomentum 01:40, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
This table lists 3 random passages from throughout the article (4.9% of 61 total passages). These passages contain 4 inline citations (4.3% of 93 in the article). Generated with the Veracity user script. RedShellMomentum 01:40, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Ippantekina: Source spot-check is all good, support. RedShellMomentum 17:40, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you very much for the review. Ippantekina (talk) 15:41, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
| Reference # | Letter | Source | Archive | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In the bridge, Swift's vocals are processed with a harmonizer and a vocoder. | |||||
| 13 | d | Somville & Benoit 2025, p. 411. | ✅ | ||
| There were comparisons of the track's production and theme to those of Swift's past songs. Several reviews thought that the sound of "Question...?" evoked the styles of tracks from 1989 such as "Out of the Woods" | |||||
| 15 | c | i-d.co | web.archive.org | ✅ | |
| On the Digital Songs chart, it became Swift's record-extending 24th number-one song, propelled by the limited-time downloads. | |||||
| 42 | guinnessworldrecords.com | web.archive.org | ✅ | This archive indeed confirms it. | |
| 43 | billboard.com | web.archive.org | ✅ | ||
El Alma al Aire
My third nomination for this album, maybe three times the charm? Anyways, this is article is about the 2nd best-selling album of all-time in Spain and won Album of the Year at the 2nd Latin Grammy Awards. This is part of my personal project where I work on Latin pop/tropical album/songs that either reached #1 or won a Grammy/Latin Grammy in the Latin pop/tropical fields. Erick (talk) 04:33, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- File:Elalmaalaire.jpg: OK
- File:Vicenteamigo.jpg: copyvio, this is not an own work from 2008 as I managed to find it in a 2006 blog post. I am nominating it for deletion on Commons.
- File:Ciudad de Mexico - 1194 - Auditorio Nacional.jpg: OK
―Howard • 🌽33 11:48, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments by Dentsinhere
Overall, a very nice article, though I have some comments.
- There are some MOS:LQ violations (e.g. the last sentence in "Legacy")
- Mentions of El Alma al Aire or Más (or possibly other albums) in reference titles should be italicized. Quotation marks only around the titles should be replaced with italics too. (WP:CONFORM)
- Capitalization of reference titles should be consistent, most usually only title case or sentence case.
- "Recording took place at the Hit Factory in Miami, Florida, with Emanuele Ruffinengo in charge of the album's production;" → "Recording took place at the Hit Factory in Miami, with Emanuele Ruffinengo in charge of the album's production;" Could also wikilink The Hit Factory considering that it is only linked in the infobox.
- he changed both his composing manner and his favorite accompanying musicians. – Looking at the source for this, it says "the musicians who accompany him have also enjoyed playing a lot." (using machine translation), not that he changed/swapped them.
- while José Miguel Carmona of Ketama fame collaborated on the record as well. – Rephrase "fame collaborated"
- Rating it three out of four stars, Shumski praised – Might also want to mention that this is for Chicago Sun-Times.
- "'El Alma al Aire' reveals its immense magnetism" → "El Alma al Aire reveals its immense magnetism"
- opining that while it was not one of best albums like Más – Rewrite "it was not one of best albums like Más" (word salad-like)
- "remarked that El Alma al Aire was a turning point for the artist's career stating he" → "remarked that El Alma al Aire was a turning point for the artist's career, stating he"
- Italicize "El Alma Al Aire: 20 Aniversario" in "Track listing"
- Dents (talk2me 🖂) he/him btw!!! 01:56, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Dentsinhere43 Thank you very much for the comments and sorry for not commenting earlier. For some reason, I didn't realize comments were already made on my watchlist. Anyways, I believe just about everything you mentioned. I'm not too familiar with how with MOS:LQ works so I did the last sentence that I believed I fix. For the capitalization of titles in references, I followed the capitalization rules for both English and Spanish, respectively, depending on the language of the article. I did fix some inconsistencies that I found. I removed the sentence about him saying changing his style because the article doesn't explain how he did that. For the rewrite on AllMusic's review, I just quoted the section instead if that's alright. Erick (talk) 01:09, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- You're welcome. The sentence about the AllMusic review seems alright. Though, there are still mentions of El Alma al Aire that are not italicized in the sources of Diario Mendoza, Reforma, Tango Diario, Swisscharts, Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas, and Recording Industry Association of America. For MOS:LQ, the fourth sentence in "Composition" and the first sentence in "Commercial performance" should have their periods and ending quotation marks swapped. - Dents (talk2me 🖂) he/him btw!!! 02:43, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Dentsinhere43 Thank you again! I couldn't find the Reforma source that is missing the italics for the album name, unless you were referring to ref 22, which then the source is talking about the song of the same name, as opposed to the album. Let me know if there's anything I need to address. Again, I greatly appreciate the comments! Erick (talk) 05:49, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- You're welcome. The sentence about the AllMusic review seems alright. Though, there are still mentions of El Alma al Aire that are not italicized in the sources of Diario Mendoza, Reforma, Tango Diario, Swisscharts, Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas, and Recording Industry Association of America. For MOS:LQ, the fourth sentence in "Composition" and the first sentence in "Commercial performance" should have their periods and ending quotation marks swapped. - Dents (talk2me 🖂) he/him btw!!! 02:43, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Support - Dents (talk2me 🖂) he/him btw!!! 09:29, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
IanTEB
I left comments at the last nomination, but didn't see this had opened again. I'll read through the article again and leave some comments.
- Background
To promote Más, he embarked on a tour of the United States, Latin America, and Spain in 1998.[4] In 1999, Sanz announced he was taking a hiatus from the music scene for a year to focus on his private life.
- this could maybe flow better as one sentence, or you could cut the part about the tour entirely if it's not specifically relevant to El Alma al Aire.- Would you not want the parts about recording/production together? (currently its split between the last sentence of the first paragraph and the entirety of the third paragraph)
while José Miguel Carmona from the band Ketama, collaborated on the record as well
- comma can be removed
- Composition
portraying pain as a form of internal punishment
- I can't access the sources so I don't know if this can be better clarified, but what does 'internal punishment' mean?Other ballads in the album include "Para Que Me Quieras", "Llega, Llegó Soledad", "Silencio", and "Me Iré"; the last of which was described as "nostalgic" by El Diario La Prensa editor Ricardo Leon Pena-Villa.
- personal opinion, but I think changing to 'Other ballads in the album include "Para Que Me Quieras", "Llega, Llegó Soledad", and "Silencio". Another ballad, "Me Iré"; the last of which was described as "nostalgic" [...]" would flow betteris dedicated to Buenos Aires, Argentina, and contains influences of swing music
- I think Buenos Aires, Argentina ought to be wikilinked
- Release and promotion
a Spanish-language version of "One Night" ("Una Noche") also with the Corrs
- am I supposed to know what song "One Night" is?"The Hardest Day" marks the first song that Sanz recorded in English,
- the title 'The Hardest Day' comes out of nowhere. I understand that it's the translated title for "Me Iré", but currently that is only clarified much later in the article.The album's tour included nine shows at the National Auditorium
- wikilink the caption and clarify the countryvarious locations in Madrid, Spain, Sanz is seen kissing and fighting with various women in a boxing ring in several scenes
- repeated use of 'various'. You could say "throughout Madrid, Spain"different women belonging to another
- do you just mean taken women?demos of "Cuando Nadie Me Ve" and "El Alma al Aire" as well as a DVD with the music videos
- a comma would be appreciated before 'as well'
- Critical reception
A few reviewers however felt that the album did not exceed the quality of Más.
- could work better placing 'however' at the start of the sentenceAt the 2nd Annual Latin Grammy Awards also in 2001,
- comma before 'also'- The legacy section is just a collection of quotes that discuss the album in retrospect, and some of these don't tell much about its legacy (
follows his previous works but with a modern sound
for example, is more relevant to the Composition section). The other quotes all examine the album in the context of the artist's commerciality, so they would fit better in Commercial performance (which could benefit from some journalistic analysis since its just charts and numbers currently).
- Commercial performance
Nielsen SoundScan reported the record sold over 125,000 units in the country
- I would change 'the country' to directly say U.S. since the location is only mentioned in the sentence prior as part of the RIAA's name.
- Etc.
- Is it possible to work in translated titles for "Silencio" and "Desde Mis Centros"?
- Are there any websites that legally host the album for listening that could be added as external links? My preference is usually YouTube but it doesn't seem to be available there.
That's all for me; mostly small fixes that should hopefully be easy to make. IanTEB (talk) 20:28, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
- @IanTEB Thanks for the review and sorry about the delay. I don't usually do usually heavy editing on my days and Sundays are my rest days from work lol. Anyways, I think I got most of everything. For "Cuando Nadie Me Ve", the source actually says it's a form of subtle punishment, but I just removed it to just say "punishment". For "One Night", I changed it to mention that it's the Corrs's song it was originally by them. I also clarified that "The Hardest Day" is the English version of "Me Ire" earlier in the paragraph. I removed the legacy section altogether since I can't find a good legacy article from an online search and moved a sentence to where it belongs (The critical analysis of the album's sales). Please let me know if there's anything else that needs to be addressed or I missed anything. Erick (talk) 22:13, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks! I made some minor edits (mostly rearranging a few quotations in the Composition section), and am happy to support on prose. IanTEB (talk) 19:16, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments
- I strongly suggest removing "the artist" per WP:ELEVAR since there is no harm in using "Sanz", "he" or "him"; plus it is confusing because he is described as either "singer-songwriter" or "artist"
- "It is a pop album" does this refer to this album or Mas?
- "featuring more ballads than its predecessor alongside uptempo numbers." I honestly don't really understand what this means
- "including a duet with the Corrs and Armando Manzanero, respectively" does this mean a duet with both of them, or two duets with each featuring one of them?
- "Retrospectively, El Alma al Aire has been regarded as one of Sanz's important works by music journalists for its experimental sounds." interesting-- did critics not consider it experimental upon release?
- "Around the making of the album" 'about'?
- Links to instruments like brass, strings, percussion could be helpful
- What is "Spanish guitar"?
- "In comparison to his previous album, which mixed pop and flamenco, El Alma al Aire leans more towards ballads" this is worth noting in the lead which can clear up the confusion that I raised earlier
- What is La Coope as a source? Is it a newspaper?
- Try to avoid the verb "note" per MOS:SAID
More to follow - Ippantekina (talk) 18:16, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
USS Missouri (1841)
- Nominator(s): GGOTCC 15:12, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
This article is about the first American warship named Missouri. While the most obscure USS Missouri, this frigate brought the Navy kicking and screaming into steam era, and both established and legitimized the roles of engineers throughout the fleet...before one of them dropped a wrench, destroyed the ship, and nearly got everyone killed. Regardless, Missouri and her sister are officially considered to be among the most impressive early engineering feats in US naval history, at least according to the Navy in 1937 and a mosaic which depicts the six ship classes that hold the title. I was also motivated to write this article after meeting the US Navy's Curator of Models. We worked together to identify a bunch of old ship models, and we had to rely on Wikipedia to identify some of the most difficult. Since the US is shockingly underrepresented in the list of FA/GAs on Wikipedia, I wanted to change that and improve the copy+pasted entries from the US Navy's website with legitimate articles. Additionally, this ship holds a special place in the lore of US Navy engineers. Now that I am finally in college, this article feels appropriate for my first FAC and second A-class.
GGOTCC 15:12, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- File:Paddlewheel_frigate_USS_Mississipi_abeam.tiff is missing a publication date
- File:Caleb_Cushing.jpg: what is the author's date of death?
- File:The_Burning_of_the_USS_Missouri_in_Gibraltar_(cropped).png: source link is dead. Nikkimaria (talk) 04:40, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Nikkimaria Thank you for the review! I added the publication date (1853), author's death (1896), and rescued the link. GGOTCC 04:53, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- TIFF files are not to be used for display in wikipedia articles, please see c:COM:TIFF. Consider converting the file to a png or jpg. ―Howard • 🌽33 18:24, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- @GGOTCC: given that you have not uploaded a PNG conversion, I have done it myself at File:Paddlewheel frigate USS Mississipi abeam.png. Please replace the TIFF with the PNG version. ―Howard • 🌽33 18:18, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Howardcorn33 Hello, thank you! I was looking into ways to convert the image without having to redownload it and upload it again, but this would do! GGOTCC 18:32, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- @GGOTCC: given that you have not uploaded a PNG conversion, I have done it myself at File:Paddlewheel frigate USS Mississipi abeam.png. Please replace the TIFF with the PNG version. ―Howard • 🌽33 18:18, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
Olliefant
- Can you specify which Congress ordered it? I'm pretty sure it would've been the 25th United States Congress
- I am not sure if any of my sources specify, but I will check
- Under "Development and design", [Secretary of the Navy] [James Paulding] is an MOS:SOB violation
- Done
- "Brooklyn" -> "Brooklyn, New York" for consistency
- Done
- "Washington D.C." -> "Washington, D.C."
- Done
- "Norfolk to Fayal in the Azores" where are these places?
- Specified Norfolk Virginia and Fayal Island
- Under "Service history", [ship of the line] [HMS Malabar] is an MOS:SOB violation
- Done
- That's what I found ping me when done Olliefant (she/her) 20:25, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you for the review, @Olliefant:! GGOTCC 20:40, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Support Olliefant (she/her) 21:23, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you for the review, @Olliefant:! GGOTCC 20:40, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
A.Cython
Overall, a great article. I enjoyed it as it is also related with the societal resistance to new technologies.
Prose
- Three steamship were → Three steamships were
- officers that outlined → officer who outlined
- main difference between the ships were change "were" → was
- an audit lead by change "lead" → led
- axillary power and → auxiliary power, and
- which was already add comma before "which"
- A boat from Gibraltar crewed by convicts and → A boat from Gibraltar, crewed by convicts, and (add commas)
- US Navy Charles Copeland, and were built → US Navy, Charles Copeland. They were built
- Thank you! I made these changes or redid the prose to flow better.
Other
- 568,806 is this today's money? If not wouldn't be useful to have a note to the corresponding value of today's money? see example
- Good point! I added the inflation template in the prose.
- routine maintenance.[17] is the citation needed here since it also at the end of the paragraph
- The two sentences ("Captain John T. Newton... routine maintenance") are cited to ref 17, while last sentence ("Her arrival marked...when she arrived") is cited to ref 17 and 15. I did not want to overcite as ref 15 is only for one part of the last sentence.
- Her chief engineer Her? not clear
- I swapped it to mention the ship's name
- Range 20 days of coal Range typically means distance, I do not know what 20 days means in terms of distance. I found it a bit confusing. A.Cython(talk) 03:04, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- I am open to changing this, but none of the sources provide a range, as the frigate was never intended to have a maximum distance like later warships. Instead, everything focused on the number of days the engine could be kept running.
- Thank you for the feedback, @A.Cython:, it is much appreciated! How does everything look now? GGOTCC 04:16, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
Chapter Seven: The Lost Sister
- Nominator(s): Crystal Drawers 🍌 (wanna talk?) 00:22, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
Bitchin'
If you know anything about Netflix's hit show Stranger Things, you probably know that—until a certain review bombing a few months back for the penultimate episode—"The Lost Sister" is considered the worst episode of the entire run. A standalone episode with random new characters coming in right after several major cliffhangers was obviously not well received by audiences, but I was still quite interested in creating an article based on the episode. I wrote it up pretty quickly (created draft in late January but actually started in mid February before it was ready for the main space right as March started), and got it to GA status a little while after. It’s been a few weeks since then, and I’ve spent my time slowly chipping away on making sure it is both as comprehensive as possible and as accessible as possible. With a lead that summarizes all key points, a Background section for those unfamiliar with the general gist of the series so they understand the article, a tight Plot section, a whole lot of Production facts, a nice Themes and analysis section, and a comprehensive Reception section that covers critic and fan opinions, I think it’s more than ready for FAC
Also, for those wondering, yes I love this episode, I’ve never subscribed to the assertion that it’s pointless, even before Kali was brought back, and also, yes, writing this article is my way of coping with the series ending. Alright, personal stuff out of the way, I hope to give ST it’s first FA. Crystal Drawers 🍌 (wanna talk?) 00:22, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Olliefant: Pinging the GAN reviewer in case they want to leave any comments, but obviously no issue if you don’t have the time Crystal Drawers 🍌 (wanna talk?) 00:25, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- Suggest adding alt text. Nikkimaria (talk) 04:36, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done, thank you Crystal Drawers 🍌 (wanna talk?) 12:39, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
Support from GGOTCC
This is an excellent article, well done! I have watched little of my show, but many of my friends are fans. I think I would be a good person to review the plot section to ensure it makes sense to someone unfamiliar with the topic. It took me two full reads to find something to mention here. While not an outright issue, some of your multi-clause sentences get tangled which make it difficult to read on the first pass.
- "electrically shocked" is linked to shockwave. I am not sure what you intended
- Good catch, I meant to link it to "electrical injury", which has now been fixed
- "who was told by the doctors who assisted with Eleven's birth that she had died during it." This is unclear who "she" refers to. I think the wording of "Terry lives" is also confusing if Terry is unconscious in Becky's house.
- Clarified that it was Eleven who was presumed dead
- "Terry in a comatose-like state, and, by going into her mind and going through her memories, realizes that Dr. Brenner stole her away from Terry," I am also unsure which "her" is referred to if not Terry. Eleven?
- Yes, it is referring to Eleven
- "Terry has been trying to show her". If I understand, adding "subconsciously" would make more sense if Terry is unconscious
- Added
- "Wolfhard later stated that he has not told" Do you mean "was not"?
- Changed
- In the lead section, it would make sense to mention how the episode builds the overall plot of Eleven mastering her skills.
- Added
- Cliffhanger can be linked to
- Added
- "The main criticisms from fans were the placement of the "divisive" episode in the season's timeline". While this is a correct use of "divisive", referring to fans make it seem that the criticism is divisive, rather then the placement of the episode. Perhaps "disjointed", "disruptive", "disconnected", or "incongruous". It is up to you if you want to change anything.
- Changed to disjointed
GGOTCC 17:21, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you very much for the review and the support! I have implemented all of your changes, which I believe have strengethed the article a lot :) Crystal Drawers 🍌 (wanna talk?) 18:16, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- This article would pass with flying colors! GGOTCC 18:24, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you very much for the review and the support! I have implemented all of your changes, which I believe have strengethed the article a lot :) Crystal Drawers 🍌 (wanna talk?) 18:16, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Ruby2010
The article seems thorough but I think it struggles with long, run-on sentences or other grammatical issues. Some examples just from the lead:
- Created by the twin Duffer Brothers, the series, set in the 1980s, follows the fictional town of Hawkins, Indiana, and the supernatural happenings that occur within it. I don't think the fact that the Duffer brothers are twins belongs in the article. (And I believe it's uncited). Also, in that same sentence, I would insert Stranger Things in place of "the series" and consider breaking it up into smaller chunks.
- Removed the "twins" part, and condensed the sentence a bit to remove the amount of commas
- The episode was written both out of the Duffers' admiration for Brown's acting in the first season, and for them wanting to further explore Eleven's childhood in a way that would ultimately benefit her arc in the season, helping to build Eleven's arc of mastering her powers. Avoid using "arc" twice and consider breaking it up into two sentences.
- Split into two sentences and removed both uses of arc, as in retrospect I feel they don’t fit the sentence well
- Despite housing an ensemble cast, the main protagonists of Stranger Things starting from season one are Dustin (Gaten Matarazzo), Lucas (Caleb McLaughlin), Mike (Finn Wolfhard), Will (Noah Schnapp), and Eleven (Millie Bobby Brown), several children. The structure of this sentence could be clearer (and is "housing" the right term to use here?).
- Cleaned up
- Upon release, the episode received generally mixed reviews from both critics and fans, with most agreeing that it was the worst episode of both the season, and the series up to that point, particularly for disrupting the flow of the narrative. Consider breaking it up into two sentences.
- Done
I have more comments but would like your opinion on the above items first. Ruby2010 (talk) 22:40, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Ruby2010: Thank you for your comments, I agree that those sentences aren’t quite FA-quality, so I cleaned them up per your comments and changed some around in other ways that I feel would benefit them. Let me know what you think, and I look forward to your other comments Crystal Drawers 🎖️ (wanna talk?) 01:27, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, @Ruby2010: Just another ping to see if you have more comments, apologies if I’m being annoying Crystal Drawers 🎖️ (wanna talk?) 17:33, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- More from Ruby2010
- To improve readability, I recommend breaking up the long paragraphs in the "Directing and costume design" and "Themes and analysis" sections.
- I recommend combing through the article again to check for phrasing and typos. Some examples that read clunky or confusing to me and don't seem worthy of FA-quality prose (so I advise rewriting them):
- In the Background section, "housing" is used again and would benefit from another word.
- "In October 2016, Berthelsen watched Stranger Things with her boyfriend, and got the audition "literally" two days later, according to her in an interview with Entertainment Weekly." Rewrite this.
- "Her audition was for a character not yet brainstormed, that was to be created upon the casting's finalization". Rewrite this.
- "Early on, the episode was also titled, "The Lost Brother", and Eleven's sibling was meant to be a 30-year-old male who grew up homeless, with the part being cast with a gender neutral actor in mind". Why use "also" here? And was the character meant to be male or gender neutral?
- Why isn't Electrick Children wikilinked? And in the prose around it, you re-use "direct" a lot, which is jarring.
- What is the Kim Wilcox quote box referring to? What is "it"? It's out of context.
- Are there wikilinks you can provide for punk clothing and/or blazers? Not everyone knows what those are.
@Crystal Drawers: These examples are not exhaustive, just items to point you in the right direction of improving the prose. Ruby2010 (talk) 15:36, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
William IV's British coinage
This article is about... the British coins of William IV, a prelude to the three articles so far on Queen Victoria's coins. As ever, thanks to Heritage Auction for the use of their images.Wehwalt (talk) 14:26, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
Crisco comments
- In addition to the issues for use in Britain, several small denominations of sterling were struck during William's reign for colonial use, two of these, the half farthing and silver threepence, were later issued for use in Britain. - Period or semi-colon after "colonial use", with capitalization to suit.
- William, Duke of Clarence before - William, Duke of Clarence, before
- William Wyon was born in 1795 in Birmingham, into a family many of whom were medallists or worked in die engraving. - This feels a bit rough. Is there a way to smooth it a bit?
- who had been promised the position, for which he was ineligible as a foreigner. - Maybe "who had been promised the position despite being ineligible as a foreigner"?
- Jean Baptiste Merlen (also known as Johann Baptist Merlen) was of Flemish origin, and had been working on official medals in Paris under the French First Empire. - I don't think the comma is necessary here.
- Wyon began his preparations for King William's coinage even before George IV had died, obtaining a sketch of William from the sculptor Francis Chantrey in April 1830, taking care that no word reached George's ears. - Feels like a bit of a run-on. Maybe split/simplify?
- Nevertheless, by late 1830, it publicly appeared little or nothing had been done to prepare King William's coinage. - Is "or" correct here? Would "And" be more accurate?
- No. The source says "little or nothing was being done about the new coinage".
- Wyon's initials WW is - Wyon's initials WW are, no?
- Wyon may have been influenced in the choice of design for the crown by an offer from a potential benefactor stating that he would remember Wyon in his will if the Mint in 1831 issued a crown depicting the entirety of the King's arms - That's a lot of subordinate clauses. Any way to simplify?
- Even a direct quote isn't going to help much, I'm afraid.
- The shilling and sixpence surround their denominations with a wreath of oak.[21] The fourpence, designed by Wyon,[16] introduced in 1836, is the only British silver coin to bear the image of a seated Britannia - Perhaps "designed by Wyon[16] and introduced in 1836"?
- I've cut the "introduced in 1836" as it is mentioned in the previous paragraph.
- The threepence and three halfpence have reverse designs by Merlen with wreathed numerals on the reverse and resemble the Maundy money, whose reverse designs, by Merlen are unchanged from the previous reign. - I'd split this, as this paragraph is only two sentences otherwise, and the sentence itself could be simplified.
- It depicts Britannia helmeted and bearing a trident, and holding a shield bearing a Union flag, above a rose, shamrock and thistle representing England, Ireland and Scotland. - Another sentence that could probably benefit from being split.
- Richard Sainthill - Perhaps a short description to clarify why his view is pertinent?
- "Thee is equally great expression - "Thee" typo in the source?
- However, a start was made on reform of the Royal Mint's administration, run then for private profit by the Company of Moneyers, with (in 1830) a reduction by a third of the salary of the master of the Mint, and in April 1837, abolition of the automatic funding of the Royal Mint from seignorage and from a payment from the consolidated fund, a subsidy which had begun when Sir Isaac Newton was master of the Mint a century before. - This sentence is a bit unwieldy; I'd split in two, maybe even three.
- refused importation of the new coins, returning them to the colony's London agent, and stating that they were "unsuitable and not such as required - Maybe no comma before the "and"?
- Penny (British pre-decimal coin should be corrected to Penny (British pre-decimal coin)
- Designs for the new coinage, together with an example of the sovereign - Comma after sovereign?
- Designs for the new coinage, together with an example of the sovereign were submitted to Victoria by the master of the Mint, Henry Labouchere, on 15 February 1838, with the required designs having been described by an order in council dated 26 July 1837. They were approved on 26 February 1838 - Only two sentences in this paragraph... with the compound sentence opening this paragraph, perhaps split it? Same with the following paragraph. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 17:47, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Support - Thanks. As a lay reader who only ever learned about numismatics through your articles and Godot's pictures, this looks to meet the FA criteria to me. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 19:01, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Lead
- I would suggest adding the relevant language template (Use ... English) to the mainspace.
- You could link "obverse" to Obverse and reverse.
- "range in denomination" → "ranged in denomination"
- "though the former was not minted for circulation and the latter was struck only for colonial use" → "although the former was not minted for circulation and the latter struck only for colonial use"
- So as to avoid repeating "was".
- "ordered it be used exclusively" → "ordered it to be used exclusively"
- More idiomatic?
- William's reign saw no great innovations in coinage, but saw the start of reform at the Royal Mint
- How about "William's reign saw no great innovations in coinage, but marked the start of reform at the Royal Mint"? It avoids repeating "saw".
More to come. MSincccc (talk) 05:54, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Background
- You could link to the "Duke of Clarence".
- I think not. This strikes me as a low probability link.
- You could link to Birmingham, though I suppose most are aware of it.
- It is a major city and my understanding is we don't link such.
- In 1817, Thomas Wyon died.
- British English would omit the frontal comma in similar sentences.
- You could link "Flemish origin to Flemish people and to the article medallist.
- In 1828, Wyon was given the position of Chief Engraver and Pistrucci made Chief Medallist, at equal salaries.
- The article Young Head coinage uses smallcase for "chief engraver" and "chief medallist". Could we do the same here?
- "Until Charles III in 2022, he was the oldest person to become the British monarch."
→ "Until 2022, when Charles III acceded, he was the oldest person to become British monarch."
- I think mine is less convoluted for the same information.
- There was internal conflict as to who should be his successor between William Wyon and
- How about There was internal conflict as to whether William Wyon or similar phrasings?
- "joined in by their partisans"
→ "joined by their partisans"
- "for he was, like Pistrucci, a foreigner ineligible by statute for the permanent salaried posts"
→ "as he was, like Pistrucci, a foreigner ineligible by statute for permanent salaried posts"
- The only positions he was ineligible for were those that involved taking the custody of coinage dies. Linecar mentions that is according to an act under Willim III. So he could have filled another salaried position. So the "the" is necessary.
I think I'm up to date.--Wehwalt (talk) 17:40, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc (talk) 16:47, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Preparation
- You could link to Master of the Mint.
- In 1824, Wyon had secured a similar machine.
- The frontal comma could be dropped here.
- Mark Jones, in his biography of Wyon, suggested that the two were anxious
- Once William was king, Wyon could work on the new coins without concealment, working from a low-relief bust of William provided by Chantrey.
- This sentence could be rephrased so as to avoid "work... working".
- as William desired.
- Do we need the phrase? What does the source say?
- The source quotes from the two statements by Herries of 28 October and 15 November, (28 October) "His Majesty's entire approbation of the Engraving of the Head of His Majesty for the new Coin executed by Mr Wyon, from the model prepared by Mr Chantrey". I think it's important to stress that Wyon's work had William's support, which was not always the case with kings and engravers (George IV's conflict with Pistrucci, who was accurate but unflattering, comes to mind).
Also from the same page, "His Majesty, who was pleased to command that the effigy on his coins should be taken from the Bust which was executed at the time by Mr Chantrey ..." (15 November)
- "it publicly appeared little or nothing" → "it appeared publicly that little or nothing"
- Cleaner?
- I think it is better as is.
- "to different die sizes" → "onto different sizes"
- More idiomatic?
- Engravers at the time worked on plaster models which were then reduced and from which dies to strike coins could be made. I'd leave the die in.
MSincccc (talk) 04:57, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- Designs
- "She bears a shield bearing a Union flag" → "She bears a shield bearing the Union flag"
- You could link to Britannia.
- Wyon's reverse design for the copper coinage, depicting Britannia, is almost unchanged from the design he created for George IV,
- You could drop "created for".
- That would leave " ... the design he George IV." In any event, I think that Wyon made the design for the copper pieces needs to be included. It is mentioned in the table with the images but I can't count on the reader getting that far.
MSincccc (talk) 05:06, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- Reactions
- We have one long quote each from Till and Sainthill in this section. Could the quoted portions be trimmed?
- I'm reluctant. It is all we have. William's coinage does not get the attention Victoria's does.
- The numismatist William Till commented in an 1835 article
- Do we know where the article was published?
- In the Mirror of Literature, Amusement and Instruction, a mouthful which if laid on the reader, would distract them.
MSincccc (talk) 07:24, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- Production
- when Sir Isaac Newton
- You could add an nbsp&; here since it appears across two lines on my Android.
- You could link to Halfpenny (British pre-decimal coin).
- It is linked on first usage and in the photo section.
- "master of the Mint" → "Master of the Mint"
- Since the article of the post and its numerous holders use so. Please let me know if I am mistaken.
- "run then for private profit by the Company of Moneyers" → "then run for private profit by the Company of Moneyers"
- "century before" → "century earlier"
- More idiomatic?
- its parliamentary mandate died with the end of the parliamentary session
- Is "died" the best version that can be used here, or are there finer alternatives?
- likely because of complaints the smaller half sovereign was too close in diameter
- You could insert a "that" after "complaints".
- The threepence, struck for use in Britain beginning in 1845, would prove more popular, and supplant it.
- Do we need the comma after "popular"?
- They proved unpopular, and poured back to the colonial government.
- Do we need the comma after "unpopular"?
- "and most every year after that"
→ "and in most years after that"
- A suggestion.
- "This change meant that a new coinage would be prepared."
→ "This meant that a new coinage would be prepared."
- This article uses both "order in council" and "Order in Council".
- Bottom line
- My apologies if my comments (and queries) have been longer than usual. That's all from me. I look forward to your response. MSincccc (talk) 16:30, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks. Where not commented, I've gone ahead and done it. Thank you for a most thorough review.--Wehwalt (talk) 17:46, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
36 images on this one... will be some work:
I have collapsed it because it is long. ―Howard • 🌽33 22:30, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you for that ... sorry about the error. I borrowed the template from the last coinage article. All fixed. Wehwalt (talk) 22:46, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
Support from Tim riley
Not much from me. The article is well up to the Siegmundian standard. Minor quibbles:
- "A die for the crown, and probably an impression from it, was shown to King William, who greatly liked it" – I always dither about constructions like this: do the parenthetic commas exclude the words between them from the main sentence or should it be "were shown"? (In such cases I resort to parenthetic dashes, to be on the safe side, but not everyone likes them, I know.)
- I did, and also changed the "it" at the end of the passage to "the design".
- "Due to the relatively short length of the reign…" – one of the bees in my bonnet: in AmE "due to" is accepted as a compound preposition on a par with "owing to", but in formal BrE it is not universally so regarded. "Owing to" or, better, "because of" is safer.
- "a currency of counterstamped colonial reales" – the Oxford English Dictionary knows not "counterstamp", and neither do I. But your picture and caption make all clear and I think it would help the reader if you drew attention to them in your text.
- "the Spanish pieces demonitised in 1839" – isn't the word "demonetised", with three e's rather than two i's?
Nothing there to deter me from signing up to support. Tim riley talk 07:39, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
Source review
What is Coin News? Not finding much on "Celtel, André & Gullbekk, Svein H. (2006). The Sovereign and its Golden Antecedents. Monetarius. ISBN 978-82-996755-6-7." or "Jones, Mark (2025). William Wyon. Spink & Son. ISBN 978-1-912667-79-6." what makes 'em reliable sources? Incidentally, I think Spink & Son should be linked on first reference, not the second or third. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:55, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Coin News is published by Token Publishing Ltd, and is an established coin publication that I gather is still sold at newsagents. Sir Mark Jones is former curator of medals to the British Museum and is previously published (per JSTOR) on the subject of William Wyon. Celtel is editorial director of Monetarius, the publisher, and Gullbekk is "Associated Professor of Numismatics at the Museum of Cultural Heritage, Oslo University." I've added the link to Spink & Son.--Wehwalt (talk) 13:00, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
Support and comments from Jim
Just a few points for your consideration, although I'll support anyway
- leaving the throne to his niece, Victoria.— makes it sound as if it was his decision rather than the automatic consequence, Was succeeded by his niece, Victoria?
- Done, more or less.
- third farthing (1⁄2880 of a pound)—impossible to visualise even for an aged Brit who remembers half crowns and farthings, 1/12 penny?
- Done.
- engrave the result in steel.—you may not know, but is it a special steel, or the standard stuff?
- I've heard of die steel but I don't know if it was extant at the time. Source does not say.
- is ANNO (year) and the date.—not really a date, and the Latin is pretty well-known. Perhaps is ANNO and the year., which prompts the reader too, or even is ANNO and the year.
- Done, though I fear Latin may not be as common as all that.
Great stuff, Jimfbleak - talk to me? 15:34, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks. All done.--Wehwalt (talk) 16:05, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Wehwalt I've just noticed that you entered 1⁄36 of a penny, clearly an error. It's 1⁄12 in the third farthing article, since there are four farthings to a penny (Anglo-Saxon feorthing, a fourth part) and it's a third of that. I've corrected in the article Jimfbleak - talk to me? 08:15, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks. All done.--Wehwalt (talk) 16:05, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
SC
- Lead
- (r. 1830–1837): you could go with the hidden hint of (r. 1830–1837); just a suggestion, so your call
- Link to sterling?
- Designs
- "Britannia.[23] and": rogue full stop. Should that be removed or a comma?
- Production
- "(one illustrated above)": according to MOS:ACCIM we shouldn't be giving instructions like this. Partly (and it's applicable in this case) because the image isn't "above" on my screen, it's to the right. It's possibly above in mobile views though. I think it best to omit the parenthetical instructions altogether.
That's my lot; all very interesting. – SchroCat (talk) 14:43, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
Drive-by comment
- File:Coronation of William IV MET DP100455.jpg - Missing alt text
Min968 (talk) 13:50, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
Murder of Wang Lianying
- Nominator(s): — Chris Woodrich (talk) 02:53, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
This article is about the robbery and murder of a young woman by a man deep in debt. While that one-line summary may sound like every crime drama ever written, the response is far from it: Lianying's murder became a cultural phenomenon in Republican Shanghai, with readers enthralled by the crime and the search for the perpetrator. Songs, stageplays, and two movies (with another drawing from the case almost a century later)... This article provides the most comprehensive history of the murder and its aftermath available, and I think it well deserves the star. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 02:53, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Lead
- After some days gaining her trust,
- How about rephrasing it? "Several" would be more idiomatic.
- Done. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 13:23, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- How about rephrasing it? "Several" would be more idiomatic.
- after which she was strangled and her body dumped in an isolated location
- How about "isolated spot"?
- Spot feels overly informal. Swapped with "place". — Chris Woodrich (talk) 13:23, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- How about "isolated spot"?
- "Newspaper coverage was extensive, lasting for months" → "Newspaper coverage was extensive and lasted for months"
- Smoother?
- Done. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 13:23, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Smoother?
- "finding great commercial success" → "which found great commercial success"
- Not done. As this is referring to one specific pressing, I feel that the -ing construction is smoother. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 13:23, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Background
- You could link to Shanghai on first mention in the article body.
- You could link to modernity and cosmopolitanism.
- Done both. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 13:23, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- "western and eastern cultures" → "Western and Eastern cultures"
- Done. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 13:23, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- "through the 1890s and 1900s" → "during the 1890s and 1900s"
- Not done. Growth was also rapid before that. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 13:23, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- "Becoming known by the 1900s as the "Brothel of Asia"" → "By the 1900s, it had become known as the ‘Brothel of Asia’"
- Cleaner phrasing?
- Done. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 13:23, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- tabloids regularly discussed the intricacies of the business
- How about "tabloids regularly covered"?
- Done. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 13:23, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
Also, congratulations on the promotion of The Great Mecca Feast. More to follow. MSincccc (talk) 06:12, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Biographies
- "Her father died in her childhood" → "Her father died during her childhood"
- More idiomatic? I leave it to you.
- Done. — Chris Woodrich (talk)
- More idiomatic? I leave it to you.
- "gaining a reputation for her singing voice and her beauty" → "gaining a reputation for her singing and beauty"
- Avoids repetition of "her".
- Done. — Chris Woodrich (talk)
- Avoids repetition of "her".
- "She at first took residence with a popular courtesan" → "She initially took up residence with a popular courtesan"
- including the prominent madame Xu Di.
- Do the sources say "prominent"?
- The source says, "Elected Premier of Flower Affairs (huawu zongit) in the winter 1917 courtesan elections (see discussion later in this chapter), in the autumn of 1918 [Lianying] began to work together with Xu Di, a courtesan who had also won an official title". Official recognition in one of these flower elections feels like sufficient justification for "prominent". Herschatter also uses the word prominent on page 439, "Jewelry and suicide were also entangled in a 1920 case when Xu Di, a prominent Shanghai courtesan, was robbed of her diamonds and other jewelry in Hankou. Reports appeared in every newspaper that she had committed suicide, but several days later she was spotted by one of her customers at a Shanghai tailor shop. Xu Di explained to the customer that she had fainted, not died." — Chris Woodrich (talk) 13:28, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- "Finishing four years later, he spent time in Beijing and Hong Kong" → "After completing his studies four years later"
- being known to frequent the cinemas,
- Done. — Chris Woodrich (talk)
- You could drop the "the" before "cinemas".
- Done. — Chris Woodrich (talk)
MSincccc (talk) 13:09, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Murder
- Facing pressure to return the ring, he chose to rob a courtesan. As his target, he chose Lianying.
- You could avoid repeating "chose".
- "Decided. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 14:21, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- You could avoid repeating "chose".
- "Wu brought with a third man"
→ "Wu brought a third man with him"
- Went with "Wu brought with him", as there is a subordinate clause in commas after "third man". — Chris Woodrich (talk) 14:21, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- "adorned in numerous pieces of jewellery"
→ "adorned with numerous pieces of jewellery"
- Done. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 14:21, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- "As the night passed"
→ "As the night wore on"
- More idiomatic?
- I've had some pushback with overly idiomatic phrasings. I've gone with "Later that night". — Chris Woodrich (talk) 14:21, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- More idiomatic?
- "carried in such newspapers as"
→ "carried in newspapers such as"
- Fixed the split infinitive. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 14:21, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc (talk) 14:07, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Cultural impact (Press)
- Yan worked variously as a translator for the Franco-Chinese Mining Company and as a clerk for the French Tramway Company, both in Shanghai.- Here, Yang is introduced as a clerk who is later unemployed.
The killing of a famous courtesan by an educated businessman immediately "scandalized and mesmerized the city's chattering classes".- Yang is now called an "educated businessman". He was educated, but was he in any business as well apart from being a translator and clerk?
- Seems I went beyond the sources. Replaced with "youth". — Chris Woodrich (talk) 11:20, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- You could add a footnote about the Warlord Era, even though it's not necessary to do so.
- Added a very basic note as an introduction. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 11:20, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- , but rather that Zhu had provided his friend with a substitute.
- You could make the sentence clearer by mentioning "Zhu Zhija" since it might be mistaken for Baosan.
- Good point; Zhu Zhija hasn't been mentioned in a bit, and Baosan is right there. Added. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 11:20, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- You could make the sentence clearer by mentioning "Zhu Zhija" since it might be mistaken for Baosan.
- "baseless claims that she had fled a life of debt, that she was continuing her career" → "baseless claims that she had fled a life of debt and was continuing her career"
- So as to avoid repeating "that".
- Refactored. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 11:20, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- So as to avoid repeating "that".
MSincccc (talk) 06:21, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Cultural impact (Literature)
- "recount of her life and career" → "account of her life and career"
- "This fifty-eight page booklet" → "This fifty-eight-page booklet"
- Hyphenated since it is a compound modifier.
- Cultural impact (Theatre)
- "bring the murder to stage" → "bring the murder to the stage"
- "with one act performed per day" → "with one act performed each day" – more idiomatic?
- "selling out tickets for the two months of its run" → "selling out tickets throughout its two-month run"
- "tickets were regularly sold out" → "tickets regularly sold out"
- "finding popular acclaim in Hangzhou" → "finding acclaim in Hangzhou"
- You could link to the article History of Shanghai.
- Cultural impact (Music)
- You could link to Dream sequence on first mention.
- "phonographic recording" → "phonograph recording"
- "acapella" → "a cappella"
- recorded variously by Zhang Yijin and Wang Jifan
- Do we need "variously" here?
- Cultural impact (Film)
- "served as the inspiration for several films" → "served as inspiration for several films"
- "but known in Chinese as ‘Yan Ruisheng’" → "but was known in Chinese as ‘Yan Ruisheng’"
- "The case later served as an inspiration for Jiang Wen's" → "The case later served as inspiration for Jiang Wen's"
- Viewer reviews were generally negative, with particular focus on its slow pacing and loose narrative
- Does the source also review the audience or is it only the critics? If it's the latter, how about dropping "viewer"?
- Bottom line
- That's all from me. My apologies if I was being overly idiomatic in my suggestions. I hope that my comments have been helpful. Best, MSincccc (talk) 14:17, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- All applied, though I used "inspired" to sidestep "an inspiration/inspiration"; I've always heard it as "an inspiration", with the article. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 15:05, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- I will support the nomination. Good luck with it. MSincccc (talk) 15:19, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Crisco 1492 I was quietly counting on a cheeky "thanks" button click or a note from you after the full review — but alas, I live to review another FAC. MSincccc (talk) 04:44, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- Sorry, RL stuff distracted me. Thank you! — Chris Woodrich (talk) 10:49, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Crisco 1492 I was quietly counting on a cheeky "thanks" button click or a note from you after the full review — but alas, I live to review another FAC. MSincccc (talk) 04:44, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- I will support the nomination. Good luck with it. MSincccc (talk) 15:19, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- All applied, though I used "inspired" to sidestep "an inspiration/inspiration"; I've always heard it as "an inspiration", with the article. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 15:05, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments by Wehwalt
- "courtesan election" This is something the reader may puzzle at. Cannot a few words of explanation be spared here?
- I've rephrased to "gaining the title "Prime Minister of Flower Country" in 1917." to avoid the issue, as it is explained in more detail in the body. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 17:52, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- "amidst a wheat field" Can this not be phrased more simply?
- Changed amidst to "in". — Chris Woodrich (talk) 17:52, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- "a sizeable expatriate community" would a term such as "Western" or "European" profitably be added here?
- The expatriates were predominantly European, but there was also a growing Japanese population (with some Koreans, though not as sizeable). — Chris Woodrich (talk) 17:52, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- "Execution" (subsection heading) Is there really no alternative to this? It might be thought to refer to the killing, which it does but ... I would just call it something else.
- How about "implementation"? — Chris Woodrich (talk) 17:52, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- where he was remanded to the Shanghai Mixed Court" Legalistically, this seems an odd phrasing. One can be remanded to jail, or one's case to a lower court, but a person to a court like this reads oddly to me as a lawyer. However, if it's what the source uses, that's fine. But what I'd prefer is something like his case was assigned to the Shanghai Mixed Court.
- How is "for trial by the Shanghai Mixed Court"?
- "Although the defence challenged the admissibility, both men confessed to the crimes;" Should be a period at the end, and I would add "of the statements" after "admissibility".
- I had used the semi-colon to link with Yan, but switched with a period. Also added "of the statements". — Chris Woodrich (talk) 17:52, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- "with the remainder eliminated through 1925;[65] courtesan houses thus moved to the French Concession, where the practice remained permitted.[66]" Maybe "by [the end of] 1925" for "through 1925" (depending on what the source said and "allowed" for "permitted".
- Done. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 17:52, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- I think you may be linking to the wrong World Book.
- Swapped with World Book Company [zh]. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 17:52, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- " such that entertainers were often asked to give live" I might say "so much so" for "such".
- Done. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 17:52, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- "failing to promote the public morality" cut "the", I think.
- Done. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 17:52, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- "the drafting of censorship policies" cut "the drafting of"
- Done and nixed the publisher, as that content is elsehwere. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 17:52, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Should refs such as 20 (referring to the North-China Herald) have italics?
- Huh, I remembered that breaking the SFN template. Done. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 17:52, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- That's all I have. Very interesting.--Wehwalt (talk) 17:02, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Responded above. Thank you! — Chris Woodrich (talk) 17:52, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Support very enjoyable follow up to the article on the film we are running at TFA this month. Your suggestions look fine to me. Wehwalt (talk) 01:43, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks muchly! — Chris Woodrich (talk) 10:49, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- Support very enjoyable follow up to the article on the film we are running at TFA this month. Your suggestions look fine to me. Wehwalt (talk) 01:43, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Z1720
I did a copyedit of the article, mostly to tighten up the language. Feel free to revert anything unhelpful. Overall, no concerns and happy to support. Z1720 (talk) 00:25, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Shanghai in particular gained a reputation as a centre of sex work. - I have restored "in particular" to maintain emphasis on how it was an outlier compared to China's other major cities
- I have changed to "with his case to be heard by the Shanghai Mixed Court in the International Settlement", mostly because I prefer references after punctuation. If there's a way to tighten phrasing further, I'm happy to work it in.
- In 1938, the case was again adapted to film, this time by Kwan Man-ching - I've restored "the case was again adapted to film" as the source does not specify that it was a remake of the earlier film (remakes being attested in Republican Chinese cinema at least as early as the 1935 remake of Lonely Orchid [1926]), and thus I believe "again" makes this sentence less potentially ambiguous. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 00:33, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
Image and source review
Do we know when File:Wang Lianying, 1920 or before.jpg, File:Lu Lanchun - Yan Ruisheng, Side A.mp3, File:Lu Lanchun - Yan Ruisheng, Side B.mp3 and File:Yan Ruisheng, 1920 or earlier.jpg were published? ALT text is OKish, image sectioning is fine. Is The Paper and The North-China Herald a reliable source? Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:55, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- File:Wang Lianying, 1920 or before.jpg is the same photograph as on the cover of File:The Tragic History of Lianying, July 1920.jpg, meaning that it was first published at least as early as 1920. This information is already noted on the file page.
- The source for File:Lu Lanchun - Yan Ruisheng, Side A.mp3 and File:Lu Lanchun - Yan Ruisheng, Side B.mp3 identifies the items as being published in 1921 ("1921 EMI Records, 2 Sides"). I have added EMI Records as the publisher.
- File:Yan Ruisheng, 1920 or earlier.jpg is the same photograph as found in the Shen Bao in edition 167, June 1920; it was thus first published at least as early as 1920. This information is already noted on the file page.
- The North-China Herald was the predecessor to the North China Daily News, and was the main English-language newspaper published in Shanghai between 1850 and 1942.
- The Paper is a state-owned digital newspaper from Shanghai. Based on precedent at Wikipedia:RSNP, I have been treating it similarly to Xinhua News Network and China Daily by avoiding it for contemporary politics but treating it as a reliable popular media for facts (with academic sources preferred where available).
- I hope that addresses any concerns. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 13:22, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- OK, I guess, pending any comments by C&C below. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:56, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Just a note here that I replaced File:Wang Lianying, 1920 or before.jpg with File:Wang Lianying, 花國百美圖 (1918), p125.jpg, which places publication as early as 1918 (and is a better reproduction anyways). — Chris Woodrich (talk) 19:58, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments from C&C
I'm working on a deep source review and comments which I should be able to drop over the weekend. --- C&C (Coffeeandcrumbs) 00:24, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
Nile
The Nile River – Longest river in the world, lifeblood of the Ancient Egyptian civilization, home to a thousand cultures. This is Level 3 Vital Article, and currently stands at 9,986 prose words. Thanks to all who assisted (in no particular order): MSincccc (peer review & copy-editing); Amitchell125 (GA review and map creation); Llewee (peer review); YuniToumei (WP:RX assistance). Noleander (talk) 22:08, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
HurricaneZeta
First thing I noticed is that the lead image is grainy. Is there a better image to put in the lead? It's also not particularly representative - the one for Amazon River is a high-quality satellite image so something similar would be better in my opinion. HurricaneZetaC 22:38, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- I'll look for a less grainy photo. I avoided satellite images in the InfoBox because the article body text already has lots of "birds eye view" images/maps and they were getting repetitive. There are 100's of images in Commons, I should be able to find a better one. Noleander (talk) 22:42, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- I replaced the InfoBox image with this Commons image, which is 3k x 2k pixels. I tried a satellite image, but they all look really ugly in the InfoBox because the Nile satellite pics are generally very tall & skinny images (because the river runs N-S). The Amazon is different: the Amazon basin's rectangular outline is a nice 3x2 (wider than tall) so is great for an InfoBox. I could crop a Nile sat image to show only the delta, but the article already has plenty of images & text about Egypt (rightfully so) but I think the InfoBox is a good place to remind readers that the Nile goes way beyond Egypt and is green & lush in most of the southern half. Noleander (talk) 22:52, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- The image certainly looks good! A nitpick tho: "The beauty of river nile, as you progress towards Murchison falls" for the image's description on Commons doesn't actually describe the image. Icepinner (Come to Hakurei Shrine!) 14:08, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for pointing that out. I improved the image description in Commons so it now says "A view of Murchison Falls on the Nile River, looking east. This portion of the Nile in Uganda, between Lake Victoria and Lake Albert, is called the Victoria Nile". Also: Thanks for your great comments in the Peer Review, much appreciated. Noleander (talk) 14:53, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
- The image certainly looks good! A nitpick tho: "The beauty of river nile, as you progress towards Murchison falls" for the image's description on Commons doesn't actually describe the image. Icepinner (Come to Hakurei Shrine!) 14:08, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
- I rather disagree with this new choice of image; I think we should seek an image that better represents the Nile across its full course, and (as infobox photos are primarily for identification), fits with what people would expect the Nile to be. I searched through Commons and found some possible candidates:
- I think this gets across the pure size of the river well, it's very well-composed, and it shows a fairly typical riverside environment
- The 1st Cataract is one of the most important spots on the river, and this is a good wide view that shows both the size of the river and its importance to human settlement
- Similar to the former, but with better resolution, albeit not at quite as important a location
I think any of these would be nice. (And again, thank you so much for your work on this article!) Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 05:58, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Generalissima - Thanks for the feedback on the InfoBox image. Those three images you found are okay, but the sky seems a bit overcast & hazy in all three. Unfortunately, Wiki Commons does not have many nice pictures of the Nile that are hi-res, and capture the essence of the Nile, and have good composition. I've put together this image gallery of about 11 images (including the 3 you provided, and the current image, and the one that was in the InfoBox before that). Can you glance at that gallery and see if any of the other ones are satisfactory? Noleander (talk) 15:15, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- The_Nile_River_flows_into_the_Mediterranean_Sea_(iss071e405499).jpg, Nil 25.jpg would work well if we want to go for a satellite picture. I searched through Flickr, and was able to find one more that might be useable (though I think we'd want to crop to the left side of the picture for an infobox image); Commons:File:Nile 3rd Cataract Sudan pano.jpg Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 15:33, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- Oh, I'm liking Commons:File:Nile 3rd Cataract Sudan pano.jpg ... I'll crop that and upload the cropped version to Commons (I have not yet found a way to perform cropping within the confines of the InfoBox parameters). I'll put it into the InfoBox soon. Noleander (talk) 15:44, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- I made three cropped versions of the Flickr image ... left, middle, and right. I put them into User:Noleander/sandboxNile so you can see all three. I picked one at random and put it into the Nile InfoBox. Let me know which one you think is best. Noleander (talk) 16:22, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- I really like File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg for a satellite image. I think the one in the infobox now is the best option for a ground view, though HurricaneZetaC 17:57, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- There's still room in the article for more images ... so both could be included. The satellite image might be tricky in the InfoBox because a lengthy caption might be required to distinguish the Nile from the Red Sea (for readers who are not savvy about geography) e.g. "The Nile river (the dark, narrow, horizontal, meandering line in the bottom portion of the image)" Noleander (talk) 18:25, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- I put that satellite image into the article at Nile#Prehistory. Noleander (talk) 18:31, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- I really like File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg for a satellite image. I think the one in the infobox now is the best option for a ground view, though HurricaneZetaC 17:57, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- The_Nile_River_flows_into_the_Mediterranean_Sea_(iss071e405499).jpg, Nil 25.jpg would work well if we want to go for a satellite picture. I searched through Flickr, and was able to find one more that might be useable (though I think we'd want to crop to the left side of the picture for an infobox image); Commons:File:Nile 3rd Cataract Sudan pano.jpg Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 15:33, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Thanks for bringing yet another vital article to FAC. I will be leaving comments shortly. MSincccc (talk) 03:57, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
- Lead
- None here, except a few places in the article where I spotted double spaces. MSincccc (talk) 05:19, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
- Names and etymology
- "The English name of the Blue Nile" → "The English name 'Blue Nile'"
- Done. Although I used double quotes per MOS:WORDSASWORDS, because the article is using italics for foreign words; single quotes for English gloss of foreign words; double quotes for words-as-words. Noleander (talk) 15:03, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
- You could link to Lake Victoria, Lake Kyoga and Lake Albert (Africa) on first mention in the body.
- "as they carried sediment from upriver" → "as they carry sediment from upriver"
- downstream from confluence of Blue Nile and White Nile - "the confluence"?
MSincccc (talk) 05:19, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
- Geography
- "the course from there to Lake Albert" → "the stretch from there ..." More idiomatic in this context?
- "a tributary flowing from the west" → "a tributary from the west"
- "This confluence happens in Lake No." - How about "occurs" in place of "happens"?
- Where the White Nile merges with the Blue Nile they are noticeably distinct colors. - You could insert a comma before "they are".
- "second largest" → "second-largest"
- "which then follows a large S-shape curve" → "which then follows a large S-shaped curve"
MSincccc (talk) 14:59, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- Sources
- The source of the Blue Nile tributary is near the town of Gish Abay, south of Lake Tana. - How about merging it into any of the previous paragraphs since it is only a single sentence?
- The distance was determined from satellite imagery, and was measured
- Could we avoid mentioning "was" twice?
- "than its inflowing rivers" → "than its tributaries"
- Changed to ... than the rivers that flow into the lake. I just looked up the definition of "tributary", and you are correct, it can mean rivers flowing into a lake. But I've never seen it used that way before (I've only seen it used to mean a smaller river that flows into a larger river). So, I'm reluctant to employ that (apparently) rare usage. Google says "influent" would work, but that is a super rare word. Let me know if the new blue text is not satisfactory. Noleander (talk) 17:19, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc (talk) 16:48, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hydrology
- The waters of the Blue Nile are so substantial during the summer and autumn, that the White Nile backs-up during this time at the confluence. - Both British and American English would use "backs up". Also, you could drop after "autumn".
- industrial pollutants and sewage; ships contribute pollutants to the waters; - You could avoid repeating "pollutants" in close proximity.
- These arid conditions led to famines and social disruption, and also to increased environmental degradation. - You could drop "also to".
- "increase in frequency and severity of both dryness and drought" → "increase in the frequency and severity of droughts"
MSincccc (talk) 05:12, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Geography
- The article uses both "Bahr al Ghazal" and "Bahr el Ghazal" - how about using only one?
- "eventually producing the current river" → "eventually producing the current form of the river" - clearer?
- "rivers in Ethiopian and Ugandan highlands" → "rivers in the Ethiopian and Ugandan highlands" -adds the missing article
- where the modern Lake Albert and Lake Edwards are. - Isn't it "Lake Edward" or am I mistaken?
- "the Sea completely evaporated" → "the sea completely evaporated"
- After the Strait of Gibraltar reopened, the Sea refilled- same as the previous suggestion
- "Lake Victoria roughly assumed its modern shape" → "Lake Victoria assumed roughly its modern shape"
- "tilted northwards" → "tilted northward"
MSincccc (talk) 16:33, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Geological history
- "and start forming Lake Victoria" → "and to start forming Lake Victoria"
- Human history
- "the Egyptian's need" → "the Egyptians' need"
- "also were within its realm" → "were also within its realm"
- "between 1613 to 1618" → "between 1613 and 1618"
- “the furthermost source” → “the farthest source” - more idiomatic?
MSincccc (talk) 04:49, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Water politics in the modern era
- "water projects to enhance the production of the cotton industry" → "water projects to enhance cotton production"
- "an agreement between Egypt and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was formed" → "an agreement between Egypt and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was reached"
- more idiomatic?
- "dialog" →"dialogue"
- quality of life of their populace - How about using "population" in place of "populace"?
- "kilowatt hours" → "kilowatt-hours"
- Is there any way water politics could be linked in this section? No worries if not.
- Did all of the above except one: Did not add a link to water politics. I searched and could not find a decent place to put it. The Nile#Water politics in the modern era section already begins with a "further" template that directs the reader to Water politics in the Nile Basin, which should satisfy the same goal. Noleander (talk) 17:44, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc (talk) 16:59, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- General
- You could also briefly mention that the Nile is a transboundary river.
- Economy (Agriculture)
- "primarily" → "mainly" - More common in American English.
- Much of the irrigated land is within the Gezira Scheme, an extensive irrigation project initiated in the 1920s -How about "started" in place of "initiated" for simplicity?
- The primary crops in Sudan are peanuts, cotton, sesame, sugarcane, and sorghum. -You could link to some of the crops.
- and Khashm Al-Qirbah Dam- Is this the same as Khashm el-Girba Dam?
- Economy (Fisheries)
- "which is more than half of the total fresh water yield from the entire African continent" → "which is more than half of the total freshwater yield from all of Africa"- More idiomatic?
- "Fish farming is performed at some places in the basin" → "Fish farming is carried out in some parts of the basin"- More idiomatic?
MSincccc (talk) 09:14, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- Economy (Hydropower)
- "Nile River, but thereafter" → "Nile River, but thereafter,"
- Economy (Transportation)
- None here.
- Economy (Tourism and recreation)
- The Bandingilo National Park, near the White Nile, is in South Sudan.- This has already been mentioned in the previous sentence (South Sudan has the Boma National Park, Bandingilo National Park).
MSincccc (talk) 16:45, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- In culture (Art and literature)
- None
- In culture (Myth and religion)
- You could link to cosmology and more specifically to Ancient Egyptian religion#Cosmology, if it is possible to do so.
- Isis was a major deity in the Egyptian religion who was strongly associated with the Nile River.- You could avoid "was" twice in the same sentence.
*"dated to first century BCE" → "dated to the first century BCE"
MSincccc (talk) 04:57, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Bottom line
- That's all from me. Thank you again for the article.
- MSincccc (talk) 14:11, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Water politics in the modern era (Post-colonial era)
- Egypt built the Aswan High Dam (completed 1970);...In 1960, Egypt started building the Aswan High Dam (completed in 1970) - Two consecutive paragraphs mention that the Dam was completed in 1970. You could drop it in one of the sentences. MSincccc (talk) 16:28, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- "Sennar Dam" has been linked on four out of five mentions in the article text. It could be delinked on one of the mentions. MSincccc (talk) 16:34, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Done. Eliminated all links but one (plus the link inside the River Route map, which is an independent template). Noleander (talk) 17:16, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- I noticed eleven links to Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (including footnotes); perhaps a few could be delinked per MOS:OL? MSincccc (talk) 15:09, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- Done. Thanks for pointing that out - I've removed 3 links from the body text (tho each was in a unique top-level section, which is permitted by MOS). I've left links that are in (a) footnotes; (b) tables; and (c) image captions - since readers sometimes read those in a "stand alone" manner and so links may be useful in those contexts. Noleander (talk) 16:44, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for your response.
- I also noticed both ‘Ancient Egyptian’ and ‘ancient Egyptian’ in the article body. Would it be worth standardising, or is there a reason for the variation? MSincccc (talk) 16:29, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- I think the article is capitalizing "ancient" correctly: "Ancient Egypt" is a proper noun that identifies a specific civilization, so the article capitalizes "... Ancient Egypt civilization". Lower case is used in other situations such as "ancient Egyptian art" or "ancient Egyptian boats", were "ancient" is an adjective specifying the age of the following (non-proper) noun. I'm not 100% it is correct grammatically, but at least it is consistent. Noleander (talk) 17:27, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Done. Thanks for pointing that out - I've removed 3 links from the body text (tho each was in a unique top-level section, which is permitted by MOS). I've left links that are in (a) footnotes; (b) tables; and (c) image captions - since readers sometimes read those in a "stand alone" manner and so links may be useful in those contexts. Noleander (talk) 16:44, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- I noticed eleven links to Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (including footnotes); perhaps a few could be delinked per MOS:OL? MSincccc (talk) 15:09, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- Done. Eliminated all links but one (plus the link inside the River Route map, which is an independent template). Noleander (talk) 17:16, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Economy
- along a narrow strip along the river banks
- I was contemplating whether or not to directly link to Northeast Africa in The Nile is a major north-flowing river in northeast Africa which empties into the Mediterranean Sea. I look forward to your thoughts. MSincccc (talk) 16:50, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Noleander I look forward to your thoughts on this when you have a moment. MSincccc (talk) 13:22, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for suggesting the link to Northeast Africa. That Northeast Africa article is not great: (a) it is rather tiny; and (b) there is no link to Africa anywhere in the article. Also there is the question of how "northeast" is used: in "... river in northeast Africa .." the word "northeast" is being used as an adjective (specifying a portion of Africa), and not as a proper noun naming an official political/geographic region (which would be capitalized as Northeast Africa). But if you think the link should be changed, we can do that. Noleander (talk) 13:52, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
UC
A very quick one for now:
- the Arabic word النيل (romanized as 'Nil'): the Arabic has the definite article on it: it's pronounced "an-Nil". UndercoverClassicist T·C 08:05, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- @UndercoverClassicist - Thanks for the feedback! I changed the article to In Egypt, its names use the Arabic word النيل (romanized as 'An Nil') in the forms Al-Nīl, Baḥr Al-Nīl or Nahr Al-Nīl. I got the Arabic spelling from the Badawi source. The Hurst source lists the three forms at the end of the sentence, which all start with "Al". So, there is a now a mixture of "Al" and "An". Is that a problem? Would it be simpler to remove the definite article from the Arabic? Noleander (talk) 15:32, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- Out of my expertise, I'm afraid -- I think you'd be wise to consult someone who speaks Egyptian Arabic! From what I can tell, the "proper" transcription is always "al-Nil" etc, but Arabic speakers would assimilate the l to the n because n is a "sun letter". So it's pronounced "an-Nil" in all of these contexts, but may be written in Romanisation as "al-", (I would guess) particularly in proper nouns where the Romanisation may be more conservative. Compare El Alamein, which reflects the Egpytian pronounciation even though the article remains "Al" in "proper" transcription. UndercoverClassicist T·C 16:27, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- Alright, thanks for the insightful information. I'll figure out a sensible path forward. Noleander (talk) 16:31, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- I changed it to follow the Harold Edwin Hurst source: I removed the Arabic spelling, and left the three romanized versions; thus avoiding the definite article issue altogether. Noleander (talk) 17:26, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- Alright, thanks for the insightful information. I'll figure out a sensible path forward. Noleander (talk) 16:31, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- Out of my expertise, I'm afraid -- I think you'd be wise to consult someone who speaks Egyptian Arabic! From what I can tell, the "proper" transcription is always "al-Nil" etc, but Arabic speakers would assimilate the l to the n because n is a "sun letter". So it's pronounced "an-Nil" in all of these contexts, but may be written in Romanisation as "al-", (I would guess) particularly in proper nouns where the Romanisation may be more conservative. Compare El Alamein, which reflects the Egpytian pronounciation even though the article remains "Al" in "proper" transcription. UndercoverClassicist T·C 16:27, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- @UndercoverClassicist - Thanks for the feedback! I changed the article to In Egypt, its names use the Arabic word النيل (romanized as 'An Nil') in the forms Al-Nīl, Baḥr Al-Nīl or Nahr Al-Nīl. I got the Arabic spelling from the Badawi source. The Hurst source lists the three forms at the end of the sentence, which all start with "Al". So, there is a now a mixture of "Al" and "An". Is that a problem? Would it be simpler to remove the definite article from the Arabic? Noleander (talk) 15:32, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
Image and accessibility review
- Credit to the nominator for making/taking several of the images themselves.
- The Nile River template doesn't appear to have an overall alt attribute -- on the other hand, the images that make it up do have elements that appear when moused over, but they're mostly nonsensical to a human reader (the first gives "WSPLe; MFADEg"). I think there is a way to make the entire thing have a single piece of alt text, but this is probably best asked on the Template Talk page, or to someone who knows what they're doing with template editing (I don't!).
- Unfortunately, the Routemap template dosen't support accessibility well. That template is used in approximately 30,000 articles about railways, light rail, subways, canal systems, and rivers. The template has a notice at the top: "The accessibility of this template is in question. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page." A discussion of the accessibility shortcomings was in the template Talk page in Dec 2024, but does not appear to have resulted in any significant improvements. I have posted a new query in the template Talk page. If any replies there give directions on how to add Alt text, I will do it. Noleander (talk) 23:35, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- The heiroglyphs aren't linked, but clearly aren't in copyright: I'm not qualified to pronounce on their accuracy, but that is at least cited.
- The hieroglyphs were thoroughly scrutinized by another FA reviewer here: Wikipedia:Featured_article_candidates/Nile/archive1#Mr_rnddude (and that scrutiny resulted in a change). I'm confident they are accurate, and have valid sourcing. Noleander (talk) 02:45, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- The lead image uses fixed pixel size -- generally a no-no -- and I think the alt attribute refers to a previous iteration?
- Should the infobox use
|map_alt=or similar for File:Nile basin map.png?
- No full stop wanted in the hippopotamus caption, or the one of the Nile crocodile.
- Copyright -- no issues
- File:Nile basin map.png: all good here.
- File:Nile River Sources.svg: ditto.
- File:Nile River Landmarks.svg: ditto.
- File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg: NASA image, none of the exemptions seem to apply, so all good.
- File:Assuan-Hochdamm 15.JPG: Egypt's FoP laws are complicated, from what I can gather. Commons treats Egypt as not having FoP, for reasons you can see on the page in question. However, assuming that the "author" of the Aswan dam is a corporation, their rights expired 50 years after creation, which was 2010, so I think we're good here.
- File:Nile River and delta from orbit.jpg: NASA, all good as above.
- File:Lower Aber river and tributaries.png: all looks good here.
- File:Abyssinia 1619 map by Jodocus Hondius.jpg: all good ({{PD-two}} would be a neater way to display the licences).
- File:GERD 3.jpg: a bit complicated, but all looks good to me.
- File:Lates niloticus by DaijuAzuma.jpg
needs a PD tag for the fishall good. - File:Nile River Hydropower Stations.svg: all good.
- File:Nile Barge R08.jpg: all good (I don't think you can copyright a boat).
- File:Murchison falls National Park.2.jpg: all good per above.
- File:Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg: looks good to me.
- File:Monthly variations of the flow of the Nile River.svg: ditto (haven't checked the data)
- File:Surface water cycle.svg: all checks out.
- File:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg: ditto.
- File:Hippos in their Natural Habitat in Kazinga Channel 10.jpg: ditto.
- File:Nymphaea lotus1XMATT.jpg: ditto.
- File:Murchison Falls, Uganda (23475021234).jpg: ditto.
- File:Climate Africa Koppen with legend.svg: all good, with the proviso above that I'm taking the data on faith.
- I created that image (by modifying another Commons image to make it accessible) and at the time I validated the data by comparing with the original WP:RS source at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02549-6 (full article via WP:TWL). Noleander (talk) 00:14, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- File:Geological map of Egypt accessible.svg: as above -- a complicated licensing story but I think it's all in order.
- Copyright -- action needed
- File:Nile 3rd Cataract Left.jpg: without wishing to do any outing, I assume that the uploader and the person identified as the author are the same? If so, no issues here.
- I believe all is in order. The original was uploaded to Flickr in 2016; then uploaded to Commons in 2026 (and validated with the FlickrReviewer tool); then I made a cropped version in 2026 and uploaded that to Commons, and gave credit to the original author as required by the cc-by-2.0 license. Noleander (talk) 00:26, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg: NASA, all good.
- File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg: this one I don't understand. The Met has donated it to us, and they're the obvious people who would come after us -- but the artist is the one who would have held the copyright, and their estate still has it if they died in 1986. What right does the Met have to allow us to let people use it commercially, for example? On the other hand, there may be no issue here, since a mere copy doesn't usually meet the threshold of originality.
- Done. There are three copyrights involved: (a) The ancient painting in Egypt; (b) The facsimile painting made by a museum-employed artist in mid-20th century; and (c) The photograph of the facsimile painting. I just now added the {{PD-art|PD-old-100-expired}} template, which covers the ancient artwork. The mid-20th century facsimile itself cannot have a copyright. The CC-1.0 license was provided by the museum to cover the the photograph (and perhaps any potential claims related to the facsimile painting). Presumably, the photographer was an employee of the museum, and any rights to work-related photos they took were owned by the museum, per the work contract. Noleander (talk) 00:39, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- File:Rulers of Kush, Kerma Museum.jpg: a formality, but needs a tag for the original work.
- File:Mahmoudiyah Canal.jpg: published in the USA? If so, add a licence tag which suppresses the source country warning.
- File:Abusimbel.jpg: Does this really not meet the Swedish threshold of originality from the framing choices? I've seen the associated VPC discussion.
- Done. Replaced the image with another image from Commons that has clean free-to-use status. Noleander (talk) 02:14, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg: this one seems to have a great big "copyright" symbol on it -- am I missing something?
- File:Ecluse-Nil.jpg: this one might be complicated, as buildings and bridges usually are considered copyrightable within FoP discussions, and see above re. Egypt's complicated status here.
- File:Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg: same question as the other Met image above.
- File:0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG: PD tag for original work needed.
- File:Hapy tying.svg: cites a modern reference book -- I guess it's a trace/version of an older work of art? Probably not an issue but that needs to be declared and tagged appropriately.
- Done. I added a link to a Commons photo of the original sculpture in Abu Simbel, Egypt (the sculpture that the sketch is based upon). I added tags {{PD-art-3d}} {{PD-US-expired}} to the sketch license page to cover that sculpture. I added text to the Commons description of the sketch indicating that the drawing is inspired by that ancient sculpture, but differs in many significant ways, so it is more of a schematic diagram. Noleander (talk) 02:33, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- File:MosesRescuedFromTheNile.JPG: needs a US PD tag (and surely someone's got a better image of this painting somewhere?)
- Done. Replaced it with another Commons image (of the same scene) that is higher resolution and has the correct license tags, including US tag. Noleander (talk) 02:40, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Thanks for taking the time to do such a thorough review and identifying some issues. I'll start working on them later today! Noleander (talk) 17:53, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- @UndercoverClassicist: Thanks again for taking so much time to help with the images of this article. I believe all concerns have been addressed one way or another (see replies above). Noleander (talk) 16:52, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
From Tim riley
Drive-by – or perhaps in this case barge-by – comment: the article is mostly written in American but an English spelling has crept in with "500 metres". I'll look in again if time permits, but it's a very long article – 10,000 words! Tim riley talk 14:40, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Tim riley - Thanks for catching the spelling issue; I have fixed it. Article size: It was up to 11,000 words, but I struggled mightily to get it down to 10,000. It is the longest river in the world, after all :-) And a Level 3 Vital Article. Any additional feedback you can provide on the article would be appreciated. Noleander (talk) 15:36, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Tim riley - FYI, I've trimmed the article - now down to 9,572 words. Noleander (talk) 02:40, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
Andrew Davidson
Length
At 7,088 kilometers (4,404 mi) long, it is the longest river in the world, ...
There are a couple of issues with this. Firstly, the length seems suspiciously precise but isn't dated. Per Heraclitus, a river is constantly changing and so this measurement should be attributed and dated. Note that other sources do not agree on this figure. For example, Britannica gives the figure as 6,650 km.
Secondly, the linked longest river in the world explains that the length measurements of many rivers are only approximations (see also coastline paradox). In particular, there seems to exist disagreement as to whether the Nile or the Amazon is the world's longest river.
See Britannica for an account of the issue. The statement here seems too definite and should explain that the claim is disputed.
Andrew🐉(talk) 22:30, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for the detailed feedback ... much appreciated. The article used to have a sentence covering the subtleties of the length record, but it was trimmed in an attempt to get the article down to a reasonable size. I'll restore it (maybe as a footnote) and also attach a year to the measurement (it was 2008). As you say, measuring rivers is a tricky business, and the values change over time, and will continue to change in the future. As for the word "longest", that statement is found in several reliable, academic sources. The Britannica source (above) is kind of a blog, and ends with "This headline-making news was met with skepticism by many, especially since the Brazilian study was not published, which raised questions about the researchers’ methodology." I'm not aware of any recent academic sources that measured both the Amazon and the Nile, and found the Amazon longer ... but I'll double check that. Noleander (talk) 22:53, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- I added the following footnote to the article (cited in three places, wherever the length is mentioned):
- The 7,088 km length value for the Nile is based on the Liu 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLiu2009 (help) study. This study measured ten rivers around the world using the same methodology: the length was measured along the centerline of the river using satellite imagery. The imagery was collected during the years 1999 to 2002.[1] The lengths of all rivers vary over time, as the river changes course, sources are refined, deltas change size, or new measurement methodologies are developed.[2] The title of longest river is somewhat controversial.[3] Sources which state that the Nile is the longest river include Liu 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLiu2009 (help), Fierro & Nyer 2007, p. 5-35 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFierroNyer2007 (help), Talbot & Williams 2009, p. 39 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTalbotWilliams2009 (help), Dumont 2009, p. 1 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDumont2009 (help), and Sutcliffe 2009, p. 336 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSutcliffe2009 (help).
- I did not put the date of the measurement into the body text, because it is nuanced: the paper was published in 2009, but the methodology relied on imagery from 1999-2002 ... so instead I put those years into the footnote.
- I considered adding other length values for the Nile (from other sources) but the values (6,800, 6,400, 6,500, etc) were outdated, vague, and never included a methodology. In my judgement, the Liu 2009 source stands head and shoulders above other sources for the length value.
- I searched WP:TWL for any recent, academic source that states that the Nile is not is the longest river, but I could not find one. A google search produced a few results, but they were not peer-reviewed academic sources: some were professors, but they were invariably non-peer-reviewed press releases, rather than reliable, academic journals. And they were potentially biased. I have no skin in the game, and if anyone can find a recent, reliable, academic source that says that the Nile is not the longest, I'll be happy to update the article accordingly.
- Thanks again for the feedback on the article! Noleander (talk) 00:24, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
References
Templates
As Noleander says that the size of the article was an issue, I've added the {{section sizes}} template which may also help in reviewing the article's overall structure and balance.
I also notice that there's a template requesting a map. As the article has several maps, perhaps this is no longer needed?
- Removed. Thanks for catching that, I had forgotten about it. Noleander (talk) 13:37, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
Andrew🐉(talk) 10:36, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
Airship
As always, these are suggestions, not demands; feel free to refuse with justification.
- General
- the capitalisation of "basin" is inconsistent throughout the article, especially when following "Nile"
- I'm surprised that with the superfluity of available sources, Britannica still has to be cited? Especially with the confusing citation Harold Edwin Hurst, 2025...
- Regarding Harold Edwin Hurst: he was the world's foremost Nile expert in the 20th century, and his works are still cited by Nile academics in the 21st century. He was the original author of the Britannica article – which lends some weight to that article. Although he has been dead for 48 years, so some of the Britannica 's "Nile" article has probably been re-written by the co-authors.
- Reliability: I used Britannica as a source reluctantly, and only as a last resort. Britannica often states basic facts about the Nile that secondary sources do not state because they are so "obvious". Britannica is used in this article only to support non-contentious material.
- Regarding the number of citations to the Hurst article: the Nile#Geography section this article adopted Hurst's division of the Nile Basin into seven regions. So, the article necessarily cites him once or twice for each of the seven regions of the Basin, which quickly put the number of cites over ten. Noleander (talk) 14:24, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- There are 2,500 words of footnotes, which seems excessive.
- Agree. I just reduced the footnotes from 2,625 words to 1,785 words (using Google Doc word counter). There were a large number of footnotes because a couple of months ago the article grew to 11,000 prose words, and when I trimmed the article down to 9,500 words, most of that trimmed material was pushed into footnotes. The remaining footnotes are significant; but I can remove more, if necessary. Noleander (talk) 14:51, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Lead and infobox
- Think it would be useful to have a map in the infobox? Something like File:Nile basin map.png?
- I added that map to the InfoBox so we could assess it. The InfoBox had a map when I started working on the article several months ago, but I removed it because (a) it caused the InfoBox to be so tall it encroached on the following section; and (b) there were already five maps in the article body.
In my opinion, a map (still) makes the InfoBox too tall and ugly.Upon further review: the tributary labels in that map are very helpful. The map is back in there now: let me know what you think. Noleander (talk) 15:36, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- I added that map to the InfoBox so we could assess it. The InfoBox had a map when I started working on the article several months ago, but I removed it because (a) it caused the InfoBox to be so tall it encroached on the following section; and (b) there were already five maps in the article body.
- Why are those five cities in particular cited as "major"?
- Three are national capitals: Cairo, Khartoum, and Juba. Those three cites are from the northern desert part of the Nile. The other two were selected to give representation to the southern highlands (in other words, I didn't want the InfoBox to be "desert centric"). Both are historically significant for the Nile: Bahir Dar is near the source of the Blue Nile; and Jinja is near one of the sources of the White Nile. The latter two could be removed if needed. Noleander (talk) 15:36, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- "although the Blue Nile contributes over two thirds of the water and silt below the confluence of the two" is a bit clunky, especially towards the end. Good to simplify, especially in the lead. I'd say simply that Blue Nile contributes over twice the volume as the White Nile.
- "and has followed its present course for about 12,000 years" this doesn't seem to be mentioned/cited in the body
- "Other countries in the Nile Basin are..." the general implication is that all of these countries are fully in the basin.
- The balance of the paragraph on human history seems off. As seen from Andrew Davidson's helpful {{section sizes}} addition on the talk page, the subsections of #Human history are roughly equal on prose size. But in the lead, we have five sentences relating to Ancient Egypt, and then "Nubian, Ethiopian, and Nilotic cultures" and "Egypt from Roman era to colonial era" are completely skipped until one sentence of "Search for the source of the Nile".
- Done. Changed that paragraph in the lead to:
- The Nile was the foundation of the Ancient Egyptian civilization, which relied on the river for nearly every aspect of life. The annual flooding of the river deposited nutrient-rich silt along the riverbanks. This soil supported crops that enabled a sophisticated society to thrive in an otherwise inhospitable desert. The Nile facilitated trade, communication, transportation, and governance. South of the second Nile cataract lies Nubia, the historical home of the ancient Kerma culture and the Kushite Empire. Many Europeans were fascinated by the Nile, and their explorations around Lake Victoria in the late 19th century located the source of the river. Among the cultures that live along the Nile in the modern era are the the Nilotic peoples, semi-nomadic cattle herders who practice nomadic pastoralism, moving their cattle seasonally in response to the Nile's floods.
- Noleander (talk) 18:43, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Excellent work. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 09:46, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done. Changed that paragraph in the lead to:
- "the Nile plays a critical role in the economy of countries in the Nile basin" is anyone expecting it to play a critical role for countries outside the basin?
- Names and etymology
All good here.
- Geography
- Is this section the "Geography of the Nile" or the "Geography of the Nile Basin"? Are they the same thing?
- That is an excellent question. This article mimics the sources, which generally conflate the Nile River and Nile Basin. I believe that sources avoid separating the basin from the river because such an effort would lead to confusion & contradictions. From a hydrological point of view: any drop of water that falls within the Nile Basin will roll downhill and end up in a tributary of the Nile, then the Nile River itself (ignoring evaporation & seeping into the ground). The only times sources sharply separate the river from the basin is when dealing with human cultures: if a culture is within the basin, but does/did not interact with the Nile or one of its tributaries, then the sources will exclude that culture from a river-oriented discussion. This article follows suit, and only mentions cultures that had significant interaction with the river. Noleander (talk) 18:54, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Shahin 2002 p.272 notes that the basin is one-tenth the surface area of Africa, which seems a good comparison to include for general readers who might appreciate a sense of scale more than a very big number.
- The map I mentioned above seems to label the different portions of the Nile (Victoria/Mountain etc.) in a way the current one in the section doesn't. Might be more helpful for readers. The current map doesn't help with understanding the sequence.
- "Unlike Lake Victoria, Lake Albert is a deep lake surrounded by mountains." is Lake Victoria not surrounded by mountains?
- That statement is paraphrasing one of the sources. Lake Victoria is surrounded by rolling hills. The mountains are farther west, on the west edge of the East African Rift, along the string of lakes: Lake Tanganyika, Lake Kivu, Lake Edward, and Lake Albert. Noleander (talk) 19:11, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Is the Albert Nile the same as the Mountain Nile? What's the difference between the two?
- Done. Clarified the definitions as follows:
- Albert Nile – Segment of the White Nile flowing north from Lake Albert to Nimule
- Mountain Nile – Segment of the White Nile from the mountains of Uganda to the plains of South Sudan
- The Albert Nile is a very short segment. The sources do not make clear whether the Mountain Nile includes the Albert Nile. Noleander (talk) 19:32, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done. Clarified the definitions as follows:
- "At the downstream edge of the Sudd swamp, the Nile is joined by the Bahr el Ghazal River (Arabic: 'gazelle river') a tributary from the west. This confluence occurs in Lake No." so is the Sudd swamp identical to Lake No?
- Done. The Sudd swamp is huge; Lake No is a small lake at the north end of the swamp. Improved the wording to "At the north edge of the Sudd swamp, the Nile passes through Lake No, a small lake where the Nile is joined by the Bahr el Ghazal River (Arabic: 'gazelle river') – a tributary from the west." Noleander (talk) 19:44, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- "it reaches into the Mediterranean Sea to a depth of 1,800 meters (5,900 ft)" do we know how far offshore this is?
- I have removed that "... depth of 1,800 meters... " sentence from the article ...the cited sources do not state that fact; and I've gone through my notes and cannot find the source. I've found some new sources that cover the material (with different values), but given the size of the article, it is probably best to simply remove it. Let me know if you want similar material from new sources ... I can add it. Noleander (talk) 20:17, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- "The final two regions of the Nile Basin are drainage basins of two tributaries: the Blue Nile basin and the Atbarah River basin." this is followed by a section on the drainage basins of four tributaries, including one whose drainage basin is larger than that of the Blue Nile and Atbarah combined...
- Done. I re-organized the entire "Geography" section so the material is clearer. The seven regions of the Nile basin now map directly to the seven subsections. And the tributaries are embedded within the appropriate region section. The confusing "Tributaries" section title is now gone. Noleander (talk) 20:41, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Perhaps the description of the Bahr el Ghazal tributary would better fit in "Mountain Nile", where it is first introduced? ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 09:52, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done. I re-organized the entire "Geography" section so the material is clearer. The seven regions of the Nile basin now map directly to the seven subsections. And the tributaries are embedded within the appropriate region section. The confusing "Tributaries" section title is now gone. Noleander (talk) 20:41, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Sources
- A little odd that this doesn't come before the discussion of the general Nile geography, which seems more logical.
- Also odd that the true location of the source of the Nile isn't discussed at all!
- Hydrology
- The second paragraph seems repetitive.
- "The White Nile passes through the Sudd swamps before it reaches the Blue Nile; about half the water flowing into the Sudd is lost to evaporation before it flows out" again, this seems like it could be more concise
- "that the White Nile backs up during this time at the confluence" does this mean it flows in reverse, or just stays still, or what?
- I am not sure about the "Water sources and sinks" subsection. What additional information am I meant to be getting from the tables that I would not get from a simple list of countries/stations and whether they are a source or a sink? Especially considering that every table has the disclaimer "Data does not include impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, completed in 2025", which seems to amount to "everything may be wrong now".
- The water balance information is critical for two reasons:
- Many hard-science sources talk about the hydrology data at great length; and
- The hydrology tables illustrate the water scarcity issues in the Nile Basin. Some experts predict that the basin population may nearly double in the 21st century; and if a long-term drought were to afflict Ethiopia, it could lead to famine and international violence. (See, e.g., Bunbury 2023 pp 43-44,61,70).
- The water balance information is critical for two reasons:
- For those reasons, the Nile article is obligated to present the statistics. To display the information, choices include (in order of increasing verbosity):
- a) No tables; use simple prose
- b) No tables; use lists (perhaps bullet lists)
- c) Tables: collapse some, un-collapse others
- d) Tables: un-collapse all
- In my judgement, (a) is not true to the sources, nor to the gravity of the information. (d) is not bad, but might be overwhelming to lay readers. So that leaves (b) or (c), both of which use roughly the same amount of vertical real estate. Tables (c) are 100x more flexible than lists (b), and will enable the article to evolve and grow in the future decades. So, the article is using (c) now.
- For those reasons, the Nile article is obligated to present the statistics. To display the information, choices include (in order of increasing verbosity):
- Regarding the fact that the GERD dam was just completed in 2025: If anything, that makes the tabular data even more important. Consider this scenario: the year is 2050, a drought has hit North Africa, and the GERD reservoir level is falling. Water discharge from the dam is far below normal, and crops in Sudan and Egypt are failing due to lack of irrigation. The future editors of WP will want to update the Nile article to show the historical changes to the the flow of the river: How much water reached Egypt annually in 2020 (when they stared filling the GERD reservoir)? How much reached Egypt in 2025 (GERD filled)? How much in 2030? 2040? How much after a drought had been going on for 5 years? 10 years? These future WP editors will probably evolve the tables to look like this:
- More information Country, Water balance 2020 ...
Hydrology table may expand to look like this: Country Water balance
2020Water balance
2030Water balance
2040Ethiopia 1111 222 333 ... more
countries ...888 000 999 Egypt 333 444 555 Sudan 6666 7777 3333 Close
- The hydrology tables in today's Nile article are the baseline for this important information.
- In summary, the scientific sources (as opposed to the cultural sources) heavily cover the hydrology statistics; and a tabular layout is essential to presenting the information in an organized fashion. As the 21st century unfolds, the tables can evolve to display essential water scarcity data. Noleander (talk) 22:00, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Alright, an argument from coverage in the sources is the best way to establish WP:DUEWEIGHT, so I can accept that. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 10:01, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- In summary, the scientific sources (as opposed to the cultural sources) heavily cover the hydrology statistics; and a tabular layout is essential to presenting the information in an organized fashion. As the 21st century unfolds, the tables can evolve to display essential water scarcity data. Noleander (talk) 22:00, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ecology
- "There are 36 industries that discharge their pollution sources directly into the Nile, and 41 into irrigation canals." do the groups overlap or are they separate?
- Unknown. The source is a 2005 report by the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) which summarizes some older data including a 1980 report which examined 360 industries and found that 36 of the 360 discharged directly into the river. I cannot find a copy of the 1980 report. From context (in the 2005 report) it appears that all 360 industries are distinct, but I cannot be certain. Noleander (talk) 00:18, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Well, I think the reader gets the point, so that's fine. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 10:01, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Unknown. The source is a 2005 report by the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) which summarizes some older data including a 1980 report which examined 360 industries and found that 36 of the 360 discharged directly into the river. I cannot find a copy of the 1980 report. From context (in the 2005 report) it appears that all 360 industries are distinct, but I cannot be certain. Noleander (talk) 00:18, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- "The sacred ibis was important in the ancient Egyptian religion, and millions of the ibis were ritually sacrificed, leading to the eventual extinction of the species in Egypt" our article African sacred ibis state they were present well into the second millennium AD; not sure ancient Egyptian sacrifices can be said to have led to the extirpation...
- Geological history
- "One hypothesis describes the Nile's geological history as a sequence of five evolutionary periods." ... is there a consequence to this sentence I'm not seeing?
- Done. Changed the wording to "One hypothesis describes the Nile's geological history as a sequence of the following five evolutionary periods." ... the following five paragraphs then describe the five periods (one per paragraph). Also, the attached footnote contrasts it with an alternative hypothesis that uses eight periods. Noleander (talk) 00:36, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- When did Obweruka disappear?
- Human history
- Don't think sentences should begin with "and".
- I don't think the order/naming of the cataracts is ever explained in prose, which makes it somewhat confusing when numbers start getting dropped in.
- Done. Enhanced the Nile#Main Nile section to explicitly name all six (1,2,3,4,6). In conjunction with the existing map in the Nile#Sources section that shows all cataracts, readers should be satisfied. Noleander (talk) 01:01, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Are there any details about how the Kerma culture/Funj Sultanate/Ethiopian Empire had relationships with the Nile, instead of just listing where and when they existed?
- No, I could not find many specifics about how they interacted with the river (except the Dinka/Nuer pastoral migrations). If one were to follow WP:PROPORTION to the letter, the article would probably not mention those cultures at all because 98% of the cultural material in the sources focuses on Egypt & Islamic Sudan. I'm using editorial discretion and making a special effort to include Nubian/black cultures - in other words, to avoid being too Egypt-centric. Noleander (talk) 01:16, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Does footnote bh ("In 1857, John Hanning Speke and Richard Francis Burton started a search...") really add to the existing text?
- Should the "Search for the source of the Nile" subsection be better placed as a subsection of "Sources", where it could be better integrated with the existing text?
- Water politics in the modern era
- Footnote bl needs a citation.
- "Egypt reserved the right ... Egypt assumed the right ... Egypt assumed the right" is a trifle repetitive.
- "Egypt and Sudan in the north wielded more power than the other ten nations to the south" comes up around three times
- If a "Declaration of Principles" was signed in 2015, what was the point of the subsequent talks in the US, the African Union, and the UAE, and the request for UNSC intervention?
- The sources do not clearly explain (see Ranjan 2024, pp. 28-29). Reading between the lines, the 2015 Declaration of Principles was apparently very vague, and skimpy on details, numbers, and deadlines. Also: Egypt & Ethiopia didn't trust each other to carry-out whatever they signed. But that is speculation on my part. Noleander (talk) 01:38, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Economy
- "The southern nations have few irrigation canals, instead relying on extensive rainfall: the amount of soil water used annually for crops in the south is 229 km3, which is more than twice the total annual water flow of the Nile River (about 100 km3)." this sentence largely duplicates what's just been said
- "accounts for the majority of inland (fresh water) fish caught in the African continent ... is more than half of the total fresh water yield from the entire African continent" more duplication
- Nile boat is linked as a hatnote under Ancient Egyptian civilization but doesn't get a mention here?
- Done. I removed the hatnote link to Nile boat because the term "nile boat" is not a commonly used term by academics, and the term is not well defined. The Nile boat article is a bit misleading in its current form; and linking to it could confuse readers. The article Ancient Egyptian royal ships is better quality, but has a very narrow focus. Noleander (talk) 03:02, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Be wary of MOS:SOB in note bw.
- This article implies that the purpose of the proposed Jonglei Canal was to improve navigation, but the relevant article indicates its purpose was increasing agriculture on the lower Nile.
- It feels like the third paragraph of "Transportation" would work better as the first.
- "along with the nearby temples that were moved during construction to avoid becoming submerged" this feels like it should have been discussed already
- The temple relocation was discussed above in the section Nile#Post-colonial era - "An international campaign to save some monuments from becoming submerged by the new reservoir ...". Noleander (talk) 03:12, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- My mistake. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 10:01, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- The temple relocation was discussed above in the section Nile#Post-colonial era - "An international campaign to save some monuments from becoming submerged by the new reservoir ...". Noleander (talk) 03:12, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- In culture
- Seems very non-modern focused. No mention of the renowned Death on the Nile and adaptations, recent political pop songs from both Egypt and Ethiopia, productions such as The Wizard of the Nile, etc.?
- Done. Thanks for providing those outstanding links and sources. I've added four works of art to the "In Culture" section from the years 1871, 1937, 1966, and 2023:
- " Giuseppe Verdi was commissioned by Isma'il Pasha to compose an opera to celebrate the opening of the Suez Canal. The opera, Aida, was performed at the newly-constructed Egyptian Royal Opera House in 1871. The opera's third act is set on the banks of the Nile river."
- " Agatha Christie wrote the popular 1937 mystery novel Death on the Nile, about a murder on a Nile steamboat, which inspired several adaptations."
- " Adrift on the Nile is a 1966 novel by Egyptian author and Nobel prize winner Naguib Mahfouz about a young man that lives on a houseboat on the Nile. The river is a metaphor for a life that he cannot control, leading him to turn his back on society."
- "Since the start of construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, Ethiopian musicians have produced songs that celebrate and glorify the Nile and the dam."
- To stay in compliance with the WP:OR or WP:SYNTH policies I'm tentatively limiting the article to art/film/music that sources analyze in the context of the Nile (rather than performing my own search for artworks that happen to mention the Nile). Noleander (talk) 03:24, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- One more option Noleander; you may have access to a recent publication entitled Ancient Egypt in Video Games through WP:TWL (my link here); the fifth chapter (titled Pharaohs, Labourers and Wonder Builders: Illustrating Ancient Egypt with Game Mechanics in Strategy Games) contains a significant amount of discussion on the Nile's depiction in the game Civilization VI (pp. 95, 100) and wider culture (p. 101). ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 13:57, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- @AirshipJungleman29: Done. Used that source and added "The Nile plays a prominent role in several video games, including Civilization VI.[1]" - The source has a section "A Problematic Representation" which asserts that many European/American representations of ancient Egypt incorrectly portray the civilization as being 100% focused on the river (and ignore aspects of the civilization that were located in (or used) the desert). That is interesting, but I have not seen it echoed in other sources. In fact, many sources say the opposite: that ancient Egypt was strongly focused on the river in nearly every way. So I did not put that assertion into the Nile article. Noleander (talk) 15:40, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- One more option Noleander; you may have access to a recent publication entitled Ancient Egypt in Video Games through WP:TWL (my link here); the fifth chapter (titled Pharaohs, Labourers and Wonder Builders: Illustrating Ancient Egypt with Game Mechanics in Strategy Games) contains a significant amount of discussion on the Nile's depiction in the game Civilization VI (pp. 95, 100) and wider culture (p. 101). ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 13:57, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done. Thanks for providing those outstanding links and sources. I've added four works of art to the "In Culture" section from the years 1871, 1937, 1966, and 2023:
I might add to the above later. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 12:45, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- @AirshipJungleman29: - I have replied to all the issues you mentioned above. I implemented the vast majority, and added explanations for the handful that were not implemented. You inputs have been exceedingly valuable, and very welcome! Noleander (talk) 02:00, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Support a wonderful article, ready to join the list of vital-3 FAs. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 15:44, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
References
Mr rnddude
I'm not sure I have the time or energy to review the prose of the whole article, but I want to take a look at the statements related to ancient Egypt.
- In the ancient Egyptian language, the same word was used for 'Nile' and 'river': jtrw. and The Nile was also called Ar or Aur meaning 'black' – in reference to the dark color of the Nile floodwaters as they carry sediment from upriver. – These two statements employ different transliteration techniques. The former is preferrable over the latter and the following comment will illustrate why.
- The second statement is additionally dubious and was difficult to track down. The Egyptian word for 'black' is km; I can find no reference in any of my dictionaries or grammar books (Allen, Budge (outdated, by comprehensive), Faulkner, or Gardiner) to a word that could be rendered as 'ar' or 'aur' that means 'black'. The transliteration choice here renders it quite difficult to work out what word is even being referred to: Is it ꜣr, ꜥr, ꜣwr, ꜥwr, wr, ỉr/jr, or even ꜥꜣ? The only ones I can make sense of are the last three. There is km-wr or 'Great Black' (km = black; wr = great). The only problem is that this name refers to the bitter lakes region of Egypt. The other option is jtrw-ꜥꜣ (Jeteru-aa or Iteru-aa) or jr-ꜥꜣ (Jer-aa or Ir-aa) meaning 'Great River'. Budge gives jwr-ꜥꜣ as 'ȧur-āa' as a name for the Nile's most significant branch or jwr as 'ȧur' meaning 'stream, canal, river, arm of the Nile'. That explains 'Aur' though with an outdated transliteration; but it does not explain 'black'. It also doesn't help that the source states that ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲟ is the Coptic word for 'black'. For one: Which dialect? For two: No? The word for 'black' is ⲕⲁⲙ (Sahidic) or ⲭⲙⲟⲙ (Bohairic) which descend from km. The word for river is ⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ (Sahidic) or ⲓⲁⲣⲟ (Bohairic). The Britannica article doesn't cite its sources here, so beyond this I'm in the dark. (Sources for Coptic: Sahidic dictionaryOnline Coptic dictionaryBohairic dictionary) Mr rnddude (talk) 00:25, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Mr rnddude - Always good to get input from a subject-matter expert. I've removed the Coptic sentence from the article; and also the "Aur" Egyptian word sentence. The remaining two sentences are:
- 1) "In the ancient Egyptian language, the same word was used for 'Nile' and 'river': jtrw."{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}
- Allen p 21: "... the Nile (known in Egyptian only as jtrw 'the river') ..."
- Allen p 101: "... jtrw 'river' ..."
- 2) "Egyptians called their own country kmt meaning 'black', in reference to the dark color of the Nile floodwaters as they carried sediment from upriver."{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=470}}
- Allen : p 470: "kmt (noun) 'Egypt' (literally 'The Black' referring to the cultivated soil along the Nile."
- Allen: p 339 (footnote) "The word kmt 'Egypt' literally means 'black', referring to the soil of the Nile Valley."
- 1) "In the ancient Egyptian language, the same word was used for 'Nile' and 'river': jtrw."{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}
- Sentence (2) was in the article until a month ago, but was commented out for size reasons ... but it still appears in the raw Wiki Markup, so I want to make sure it is accurate (I've restored it to the body text for now, so it is more visible). If there is a source that suggests that sentences 1 or 2 are wrong or misleading, I can use that source instead of (or in addition to) Allen. If the source is not online, can you could provide me with the relevant snippet? Thanks! - Noleander (talk) 03:12, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- The first sentence is fine. The second sentence needs an adjustment, but nothing to do with the source. James Peter Allen is HQRS. As Allen states, kmt refers to the colour of the land or soil of the Nile Valley. You have kmt as referring to 'the dark color of the Nile floodwaters' from the sediment it carries as it flows – I assume that is because of the Britannica source – I would switch the phrasing to 'in reference to the color of the fertile soil of the Nile valley' or similar. You may also specify a translation of kmt as 'the Black Land'. You have a different copy of Allen with differing pagination, but check the 'Dictionary' section under 'k' (alphabetically ... š, q, k, g, t ...), you might also be able to ctrl+f for literally "Black land" (p. 533 in mine, probably p. 505ish in yours; your p. 101 is my p. 128). Mr rnddude (talk) 05:19, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Mr rnddude - Always good to get input from a subject-matter expert. I've removed the Coptic sentence from the article; and also the "Aur" Egyptian word sentence. The remaining two sentences are:
- Egyptian hieroglyphs can be quite complicated. You give the hieroglyphs for river or Nile as:
This form appears to refer to the Schoenus or 'river-length'. There are often multiple ways to render Egyptian words. For just 'river', Allen (p. 515 for me) gives two variants, the first being:








Faulkner uses a more minimalist version, see p. 33 (if you have an archive.org account to borrow) or p. 40 (no borrow needed), with:








Gardiner, See p. 43 & p. 623, goes with:




There are many more variants as well. Both Faulkner and Gardiner also use the version that is currently in article for 'river-measure'. For Faulkner see same page and for Gardiner see p. 199. This convention may be purely for convenience or there may be a meaningful difference. I don't know, I don't measure rivers. Mr rnddude (talk) 07:29, 27 March 2026 (UTC)






- Done. I updated the article to use the plainer hieroglyph from Gardiner (p 43, 623), and added a footnote telling readers about alternative hieroglyphs, with cites to Faulkner and Allen. Noleander (talk) 13:32, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
A. Parrot
Some comments exclusively on the ancient Egypt-related portions.
- "A tune, Hymn to the Nile…" While Egyptian hymns are often presumed to have been sung, there is no record of what melody may have been used for any dynastic Egyptian poem, so "tune" seems like the wrong word. The webpage used as a reference is also less than ideal, as it's based on a text from 1907 and probably overstates the age of the hymn. This page is more up-to-date, and one of its subpages does include a translation. You seem to be listing just a sampling of cultural references to the Nile in these sections, so I won't press this point, but it may be worth mentioning that this hymn is only the best-known of a handful that were dedicated to the Nile. (I can source this point myself if you want to include it.)
- "…the east side was for the living, and the west side – including the Theban Necropolis and the Giza pyramid complex – was for the dead." This is a gross oversimplification. Many ancient Egyptian cities, including the largest of them all, Memphis, were on the west bank. It's true that most tombs were west of the Nile, but even that wasn't universal, and it's related to beliefs about the sun rather than the idea of the Nile as a dividing line, so my recommendation would be to cut this whole sentence.
- "The Egyptian religion placed the source of the Nile's annual flood at Elephantine Island (at the first cataract) where the floodwaters were believed to flow up out of the netherworld." This is true but kind of incomplete. On the pages cited, Assmann says there were two purported sources for the Nile: the First Cataract for Upper Egypt and a source in the vicinity of what is now Old Cairo for Lower Egypt. That said, most other secondary sources only mention the belief that the Nile sprang from the First Cataract region, and I sometimes wonder what Egyptian text Assmann drew this from.
- I've looked at a few sources to see how they discuss the ancient Egyptians' view of the source(s) of the Nile, and - as you say - they emphasize the Elephantine Island location. None of the sources I looked at mention the Old Cairo second location except Assman. For that reason, it is probably best to leave the article as it stands now (mentioning only Elephantine). Noleander (talk) 14:24, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Following on the two points above, instead of the east bank and west bank, you could say something about the division between Upper Egypt, corresponding to the main Nile downstream of the First Cataract, and Lower Egypt, corresponding to the Delta. The political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt is usually considered the beginning of dynastic Egyptian history, so it might even be mentioned in the section on ancient Egyptian history. This division, the "Two Lands", was central to the Egyptian worldview. E.g., the illustration of Hapy in the myth and religion section is the sema-tawy motif, representing him binding together the Two Lands. (I can source these points myself if you want to include them.)
- @A. Parrot: - I will take you up on your offer :-) Would you please steer me towards a source or two that discusses the Upper/Lower division and how that division related to the Nile River. Thanks! Noleander (talk) 14:27, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Allen 2000, p. 22, points out the division between Upper and Lower Egypt. Other sources are numerous (e.g., the ideological duality of Upper & Lower Egypt and their unification appears in the first paragraph of the "Lower Egypt" entry in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, vol. 2 p. 305, and the start of Chapter 2 of A History of Ancient Egypt by Marc Van De Mieroop, pp. 27-29). Possibly the most significant point is a passage in The Complete Cities of Ancient Egypt by Steven Snape (pp. 181-182) about how the shifting waterways in the Delta made the patterns of settlement there much more complex than in Upper Egypt. If you can't access these sources, I can type up these passages and email them to you over the weekend. A. Parrot (talk) 16:29, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for identifying those sources. I can access them all, so no worries about providing me with quotes. I should be able to take it from here. Noleander (talk) 17:10, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- @A. Parrot: - I've added two new passages into the article:
- "Ancient Egypt consisted of two regions: Lower Egypt (the Nile Delta) and Upper Egypt (the Nile Valley, roughly between Giza and the first cataract). The Nile played a role in determining the unique character of each region, because the ever-shifting waterways in Lower Egypt meant that transportation routes, settlements, and administrative regions were often forced to relocate. The Lower and Upper regions were each represented by a unique Nile plant: papyrus and sedge, respectively." Redford 2001, pp. 17, 305–306, Articles: "Geography", "Lower Egypt" harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRedford2001 (help). Redford 2001a, pp. 464–466, Article: "Upper Egypt" harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRedford2001a (help)
- and
- " The sun god Ra passed through the sky each day from east to west, and the three phases of the day (sunrise, daytime, and sunset) corresponded to the human lifecycle: birth, life, and death. For this reason, many burial sites were positioned on the west bank of the Nile, where they would be closer to the setting sun." Redford 2001, p. 147, Article: "Hymns" harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRedford2001 (help). Redford 2001a, pp. 123, 376, Articles: "Re", "Temples" harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRedford2001a (help). Tvedt 2021, p. 10 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTvedt2021 (help). Fleming & Lothian 1997, pp. 18, 29, 60 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFlemingLothian1997 (help).
- @A. Parrot: - I've added two new passages into the article:
- Thanks for identifying those sources. I can access them all, so no worries about providing me with quotes. I should be able to take it from here. Noleander (talk) 17:10, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Allen 2000, p. 22, points out the division between Upper and Lower Egypt. Other sources are numerous (e.g., the ideological duality of Upper & Lower Egypt and their unification appears in the first paragraph of the "Lower Egypt" entry in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, vol. 2 p. 305, and the start of Chapter 2 of A History of Ancient Egypt by Marc Van De Mieroop, pp. 27-29). Possibly the most significant point is a passage in The Complete Cities of Ancient Egypt by Steven Snape (pp. 181-182) about how the shifting waterways in the Delta made the patterns of settlement there much more complex than in Upper Egypt. If you can't access these sources, I can type up these passages and email them to you over the weekend. A. Parrot (talk) 16:29, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- @A. Parrot: - I will take you up on your offer :-) Would you please steer me towards a source or two that discusses the Upper/Lower division and how that division related to the Nile River. Thanks! Noleander (talk) 14:27, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- My intention is not to present a complete explanation of these complex topics to the reader; rather, it is to illustrate that the Nile river permeated nearly every aspect of the life of Ancient Egypt. These seem like two excellent examples. Regarding the "burial on west bank of Nile" material: Although the river was not the reason that many burials were on the west bank, many readers will be curious why so many major burial sites were on that side. It seems appropriate for the Nile article to answer that common question, even if the explanation is not based on the river itself. If you have a moment to review this new text, and let me know if they are wanting, it would be appreciated. Noleander (talk) 22:49, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- @A. Parrot: - Thanks: those are some excellent suggestions and ideas. I see from your home page that you have written several articles about ancient Egypt that achieved Featured Article status ... nice work! I'm wrapping up for the day, but I'll start implementing your suggestions tomorrow. Noleander (talk) 03:20, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- I haven't reviewed extensively enough to call this a support, but all my concerns have been addressed. A. Parrot (talk) 22:09, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
Llewee
- "Egyptians called their own country" - not sure the word "own" is adding much
- "The distance was measured along the centerline of the river using satellite imagery." -Obviously writing from a position of ignorance, but it is not hugely clear to me why this is significant.
- Hmmm. I'm not sure how to improve that. When geographers measure the length of a river, there are various approaches: then can measure down the centerline; or along the left bank or the right bank; or "hug the inside corner" for a shorter distance. Each approach will produce a different value for the river's length. The purpose of that sentence "... distance was measured along the centerline..." is to tell the reader what approach these geographers were using. Then, when comparing with the lengths of other rivers, measured by other geographers, one can tell if they are using the same approach or a different approach (are they comparing apples to oranges?). I'm happy to improve the text to make it clearer - if anyone has suggestions let me know & I can implement it. Noleander (talk) 19:31, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- "Although the Nile is the longest river in the world, it is far from having the largest discharge." - This feels like odd wording to me.--Llewee (talk) 22:42, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- "backs up during this time at the confluence" - Is this where it meets the river?
- Done. Added a wikilink to confluence at that location; and also at the 1st occurrence of "confluence". Noleander (talk) 00:00, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- "The cumulative amount of rock eroded in the past 30 million years from the Ethiopia headwaters of the Nile is about 102,000 km3, which is roughly comparable to the volume of the soil in the Nile Delta (including the underwater portion) which is about 150,000 km3" - Is this soil all eroded from the rock?
- "These data were" - I think "This data was" or "These figures were" would sound more natural here.
- "Every measurement site had unique collection time spans, specified in the sources provided for each datum." - You only have a citation after one of the bullet points so it is hard to know what sources you are referring to.
- "as well as policy makers who negotiate water sharing issues" - It might be helpful to include an example of the kind of thing you mean here. Perhaps in a footnote.--Llewee (talk) 23:12, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done. Added new footnote: "Sources and sinks are useful to policy makers when negotiating international water-sharing issues, such as dam construction. In the 21st century, Egypt and Sudan continue to rely on extracting large amounts of water from the Nile for their existence. Some experts predict that the Nile Basin may experience a water scarcity problem in the future, if population growth, agricultural needs, and climate change combine to create a scenario where the water demands exceed the amount of water available. (citations are in the article, omitted here for clarity). Noleander (talk) 00:28, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- "The data is based on measurements made at a dozen river measurement stations." - Do these stations use the same measurement methods as discussed in the previous section?
- More or less. To measure discharge (flow) they measure how deep & wide the river is, and multiply it by the speed of the river current. To measure sediment transport: they see how much dirt/sand is in a liter of river water & multiply it by the discharge. Let me know if you think that should be explained in the article. Due to article size issues, I'm reluctant to add material without a reviewer saying it is necessary. Noleander (talk) 00:32, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- "Measurements of the Nile's flow have always been essential to help Egyptians manage their safety and irrigation. ... An ideal flood in Egypt – not too high and not too low – was a 6-meter (20 ft) rise over the non-flood water level." - I assume the human aspects of the river's history come up later. Nevertheless, it might be helpful to briefly explain why it was beneficial for Egyptians to know these things and why a certain level of flooding was desirable.
- Done: Changed to "An ideal flood in Egypt – not too high and not too low – was a 6-meter (20 ft) rise over the non-flood water level. Any higher and disastrous floods may damage the river communities; any lower, and fertile silt would not be deposited on the croplands." Noleander (talk) 02:50, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- "the ranges of some species have been reduced due to human encroachment on habitat" - Shouldn't this be "on their habitat"?--Llewee (talk) 22:48, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- "Historically, the water of the Nile was noted for being drinkable," - Perhaps it would be helpful to include a specific example of this opinion from a prominent source in a footnote.
- "The Nile perch was introduced to Lake Victoria by Ugandan authorities in a clandestine effort to create a new fishery; but this has never been acknowledged by Uganda." - Were they reluctant to admit to this because of the environmental damage?
- "These five periods were proposed by Abdelsalam 2018 ... Other scientists hypothesize a different set of evolutionary periods" - Is there a reason why you decided to focus on this particular version of events?
- Yes, the other geological history source is Rushdi Said, but Said's theory was older (he first proposed it around 1993) and – more importantly – it is far more complicated. The 2018 Abdelsalam source has 30 years of additional research behind it, and it is much more understandable to lay readers of Wikipedia. Even the names of Said's eight phases are more arcane. I don't think either one is "right" or "wrong" ... they are simply two different approaches to interpreting the same ancient, vague geological data. Readers that are curious can follow the links to Said's writings and go from there. Noleander (talk) 23:45, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- "The first evolutionary period was from about 20 million years ago (MYA) to 6 MYA. Around 20 MYA, the west flank of the East African Rift System began to uplift ..." Are these events known for certain to have happened or are they based on the hypothesis mentioned above.
- The specific geological events are fairly certain, according to my interpretation of multiple sources. The hypothesis/guesswork revolves mostly around how to partition the long sequence of geological events into periods The mere act of dividing 20 million years into 4 or 5 or 8 eras is the creative/subjective work. An entire WP article could be written about the geological history of the Nile and various interpretations of it. Noleander (talk) 23:50, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- "The present-day course of the Nile was established in this period." - Given that this period goes up to the present day, it's not clear when the current course was established.
- I changed that text to "The present-day course of the Nile was established early in this period." [emphasis added] The sources state values between 15,000 to 12,000 KYA. I provided three sources for that sentence and gave the specific value from each source. I think scholars will never be able to agree on a specific number, because the river is always changing, so there is no way to concretely define what "flows in the current course" means. Noleander (talk) 00:06, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- "Some scholars have hypothesized that these peoples, or their contemporaries, may have domesticated sheep, goats, or cattle." - I assume this means their contemporaries who lived in the area in which case that should be clarified.
- ""up" was south; "left" was east, and "right" was west" - Could this be clarified? Were "up" and "south" the same words in the ancient Egyptian language?
- Done. Changed to ... the same word could be used for both up and south; another word for left and east; and another for right and west....
- "The Egyptians were familiar with the course of the Nile upstream to the sixth cataract (present-day Khartoum), but apparently were not familiar with the river's course (nor its source) beyond that." The use of the word "apparantly" suggests it isn't clear in a way that is a bit comfusing.--Llewee (talk) 23:16, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
Source review
Hope I don't have to spotcheck this. Despite the number of footnotes and refs, it seems like we are mostly working off a few sources. Fair enough, in a topic this broad you need to focus on the most important aspects. I am not sure that MDPI is a very reliable source. For an African river, there sure are only a few African sources. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:58, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus - Thanks for taking time to review the sources.
- "For an African river, there sure are only a few African sources" - Correct, the vast majority of authors that write on the Nile are from Europe and US. The academic authors in the fields of Geography, History, and Hydrology typically write in English (regardless of what continent they are from), so language is not the issue. My gut feeling is that the large number of non-African authors is due to (a) The history of British colonialism in northeast Africa (Britain had large numbers of scientists, geographers and explorers studying the region for over a century); and (b) the fascination many Europeans had for Egypt & the Nile. So, today, the world's foremost Nile experts are all from Europe & US: Tvedt, Sutcliffe, Collins, Dumont, and Hurst. In spite of that, I made an effort to utilize many authors from Africa, including Abdelsalam, Abotalib, Alnaqbi, Hassan, Hegab, Shuka, El-Shabrawy, El-Sheekhm, Embabi, etc.
- "I am not sure that MDPI is a very reliable source." - You are right to be concerned. Wikipedia:Reliable sources/Perennial sources lists MDPI with a yellow caution. WP:MDPI says: "Publications in MDPI journals are considered questionable. Editors have raised concerns about the robustness of MDPI's peer review process and their lack of selectivity in what they publish." That same page, however, notes that only 5% of MDPI's publications are suspect; and it does not have a red "prohibited" status. I used three MDPI sources only reluctantly. Why did I use them? Because of issue #1 above .. a lack of African sources. All three of the MDPI sources used are by African authors. I have access to the full content of these three sources, and - in my assessment - the content is accurate and reliable. In addition, they are not used in the article to support any contentious or controversial material. That said, if you feel the MDPI sources are not acceptable, I can remove the sources and the (small amount of) material that they are supporting.
- Noleander (talk) 14:19, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- I know from experience that even African topics are better covered abroad; try to find the African sources for African humid period some time. That said, comprehensiveness means that I need to ask in thus cases. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:01, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Aha .. you wrote African humid period, very nice! This article links to it, as you know. If you ever want to take it to FAC, let me know and I'll be happy to do a Peer Review of it. Noleander (talk) 17:30, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Given its length, I don't think it'd pass FAC. In some years it will hit the PEIS limit and then a split would be needed; that would make it FAC viable but upkeep becomes harder after a split so I am not going to do it pre-emptively. The other articles I am working on for FAC right now are Lake Tauca, Laguna Miscanti and at FAC right now is Misti. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:58, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Btw, since the 1980s, universities have been critically underfunded. What little funds there are get put into hard sciences and technological disciplines that further economic development. Re history, a lot of the main African scholars moved to the US, and there's been very little research done on precolonial history since the '80s because it's not viewed as relevant for today's problems Kowal2701 (talk, contribs) 15:13, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- With some of these MDPI uses for dams, I wonder if government sources or sources linked to the dam operators would be better. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:59, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- I eliminated all three sources published by MDPI (although I have no reason to think the sources contained errors or were biased in any way). One I removed altogether (not needed); the other two I replaced with NGO sources on the dams. 01:55, 13 April 2026 (UTC) Noleander (talk) 01:55, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- With some of these MDPI uses for dams, I wonder if government sources or sources linked to the dam operators would be better. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:59, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Aha .. you wrote African humid period, very nice! This article links to it, as you know. If you ever want to take it to FAC, let me know and I'll be happy to do a Peer Review of it. Noleander (talk) 17:30, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- I know from experience that even African topics are better covered abroad; try to find the African sources for African humid period some time. That said, comprehensiveness means that I need to ask in thus cases. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:01, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
Taichang Emperor
This article is about the Taichang Emperor, the 15th emperor of the Ming dynasty. I have tried to improve this article as well as the articles related to the Ming dynasty. Min968 (talk) 16:19, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
Metalicat
Partial review from a non-specialist. I have no background in Ming history, so my comments are limited to prose, structure and what I can assess as a lay reader. Questions below are genuine questions, not rhetorical objections; if there are good reasons for the current approach I am happy to be educated.
Lead
- the court was rocked by scandal when a man named Zhang Chai armed himself with a wooden staff and broke into the Forbidden City — "rocked by scandal" reads as editorialising. a man named Zhang Chai armed himself with a wooden staff and entered the Forbidden City lets the facts speak for themselves.
- In 1601, the Wanli Emperor finally succumbed to the pressure of his mother and the officials — "finally succumbed" editorialises the timeline; the reader can already see from the dates that it took fifteen years. In 1601, the Wanli Emperor yielded to pressure from his mother and officials
- The lead's third paragraph narrates the Zhang Chai case in considerable detail (the wooden staff, the two eunuchs, their execution, continuing speculation). The lead should summarise the significance of the incident rather than retell it. A sentence or two establishing that the heir's safety was threatened and that the affair implicated figures close to Lady Zheng would be sufficient, with the detail left to the body.
- All done.
Body
- It was evident to those around him that he preferred Zhu Changxun — "it was evident to those around him" is a weasel construction. Who observed this? If the source is Huang, attribute it: According to Huang, the Emperor clearly preferred Zhu Changxun. If multiple sources state this, naming them would be stronger still.
- the aforementioned (thirteen) officials — "aforementioned" is legalistic. the thirteen officials
- lead, autumn mineral, human milk and cinnabar—all tonic drugs in traditional Chinese medicine—which were provided to him by the Emperor's eunuchs — The em dash parenthetical makes this sentence unwieldy. Consider splitting: lead, autumn mineral, human milk and cinnabar. All four were recognised tonic drugs in traditional Chinese medicine, and were provided to Li by the Emperor's eunuchs.
- All done.
Structure
- The section headed "Emperor" is vague. "Reign" or "Enthronement and reforms" would better signal the content.
- "Illness and death, the Red Pill Case" — the comma joining two distinct concepts in a heading is awkward. Either a colon ("Illness and death: the Red Pill Case") or separate subsections would read more cleanly.
- All done.
Comprehensiveness
- This may reflect my unfamiliarity with the field, but the article currently ends with the Family section and does not discuss how historians have assessed the Taichang Emperor's reign or death. For an emperor whose death generated the Red Pill Case, is there secondary literature on interpretation or legacy that could support a brief "Historical assessment" section? If the sources simply do not exist for this, that is a perfectly reasonable answer.
This was an enjoyable read.
Metalicat (talk) 00:34, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Metalicat The sources do not mention it, only focusing on the emperor's death and the subsequent events. Min968 (talk) 07:52, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- To clarify my position: support on the basis of what I reviewed. My comments above were limited to prose, structure and readability as a non-specialist; I did not systematically assess sourcing, comprehensiveness from a subject-expert perspective, or image licensing. The issues I raised have all been addressed. Metalicat (talk) 23:57, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
Векочел
- "He justified the delay by stating that he was waiting for a son from the Empress." Could you briefly mention the Ming succession rules or write it into a footnote?
- "In 1589, the Emperor agreed to appoint Zhu Changluo as his successor." A few paragraphs down, it says the Wanli Emperor appointed him as heir in 1601. Could you please clarify what action was taken on the successor in 1589?
- "[Zhang Chai] had intended to use the stick to resolve a conflict with two eunuchs he did not get along with." Could you elaborate in a footnote the nature of the conflict between Zhang and the eunuchs?
- Source: It was later concluded that Zhang, who was mentally unstable, planned to use the stick to deal with a personal conflict involving two palace eunuchs he had encountered outside the city.
It sounds like a significant event in Zhu Changluo's life.
- "Among the first to be summoned were Zuo Yuanbiao (鄒元標; 1551–1624) and Feng Congwu (馮從吾; 1556–1627)". Does the source say what positions Zuo and Feng were appointed to?
- Source: Among the first to be recalled were Tsou Yiian-piao (1551-1624) and Feng Ts'ung-wu (1556-1627?), both of whom were associated with what has come to be known as the Tung-lin movement.
- "On 13 September, he was visited again by the physician". Name the physician if possible.
- "Zhu Youjiao officially ascended to the throne on 1 October 1620." Can you please provide his regnal name?
Векочел (talk) 00:26, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
ZKang123
I will review this. This seems to be a short article for the brief month-long reign of an Emperor.
- In 1601, under pressure from his mother and officials... In 1615, a serious incident threatened the heir's safety and raised suspicions... Try to avoid WP:PROSELIST
- Done.
- , but intrigue persisted Not sure about the use of "intrigue" here (which I actually thought means "curiosity" but actually means schemes). Might clarify if this refers to schemes against the heir.
- Done.
- This caused a division among officials I thought "divide" would be the more proper noun here.
- Something I might clarify in his early years is where the boy is born, and where he usually stay. It's unclear if he stayed within the palace in Beijing or sent elsewhere.
- When the request was made to appoint Zhu Changluo as heir to the throne at the age of eight so that his education could officially begin Clause here is a bit too clunky
- Done.
- Lady Zheng opposed this decision, causing controversy and, two years later, even arrests when a pamphlet was circulated in Beijing accusing her of conspiring against the Emperor's eldest son with some high officials. Same for this sentence
- Done.
- but kept him in Beijing instead of sending him to the province as originally planned when he turned eighteen in 1604. What province?
- Source: When the pamphlet was first found in the streets of Peking, his third son, on whom he had conferred the title the Prince of Fu, was approaching eighteen. A dynastic tradition that had endured for two centuries would have required him to leave Peking and to take up residence in a distant province.
- Related to the succession debates was the "case of the attack with the stick". This sentence is unnecessary and makes this section read like an essay
- Done.
- took the unprecedented step of summoning civil and military officials from the Beijing authorities Would "from Beijing" be sufficient? As officials themselves, they would already have authority
- Done.
- Is there also a Chinese name for the case?
- Done.
- On 19 August, 1 million liang (37.3 tons) of silver from the palace treasury was sent to defend the northeastern borders, due to the critical situation in Liaodong, where Nurhaci's Jurchens were attacking. Might split this sentence. A bit too clunky
- Done.
- To address the long-standing issue of vacant positions in the administration, the Taichang Emperor appointed many critics of the previous government who had been removed from their positions for opposing the Wanli Emperor. similar for this sentence
- Done.
- The officials were concerned and when they heard that Cui Wensheng (崔文升), the eunuch in charge of the imperial clinic, had given the Emperor a laxative, they accused him of incompetence. This too
- Done.
- banished Lady Li to another palace. Is it known which palace?
- Anything about his legacy? Any contemporary assessments of his brief reign?
- I have answered this issue in the comment section above by Metalicat.
An intriguing article. These are all my comments.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 01:51, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
Source and image review
Need to ask about "Fu, Weilin. Mingshu 明書 [Book of the Ming dynasty] (in Literary Chinese).", Sun Chengze and "Veritable Records of Foo" since I don't know Chinese sources well enough to know whether it's reliable. Image sectioning is fine but only one file has ALT text. Nothing problematic that I see about the file licencing or sourcing. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:50, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus All the image files have alt text, could you please check again? Min968 (talk) 13:05, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- OK, seeing them now. That only leaves Sun Chengze and Weilin Fu. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:08, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus The documents of Sun and Fu are also cited for use Min968 (talk) 09:45, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Not seeing Weilin? Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 10:11, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus MSHU Ming-shu (preface 1695) Fu Wei-lin, 171 chuan Min968 (talk) 10:17, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- So, MSHU is a code for "Fu, Weilin. Mingshu 明書 [Book of the Ming dynasty] (in Literary Chinese)."? Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 11:06, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus Yes, that's correct. Min968 (talk) 11:13, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- I guess this works, then. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 11:18, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus Yes, that's correct. Min968 (talk) 11:13, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- So, MSHU is a code for "Fu, Weilin. Mingshu 明書 [Book of the Ming dynasty] (in Literary Chinese)."? Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 11:06, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus MSHU Ming-shu (preface 1695) Fu Wei-lin, 171 chuan Min968 (talk) 10:17, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Not seeing Weilin? Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 10:11, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus The documents of Sun and Fu are also cited for use Min968 (talk) 09:45, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- OK, seeing them now. That only leaves Sun Chengze and Weilin Fu. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:08, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
Veritable Records is the official document of a dynasty, usually compiled after an emperor's death by the successor based on daily records throughout the reign of the deceased emperor. Min968 (talk) 09:46, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
Conscription in Rhodesia
Rhodesia may be one of the only countries in history to be fatally undermined by conscription. Throughout its existence between 1965 and 1980, men from the small white minority that dominated the Southern African country were required to serve in the Army and various other security services. As an insurgency against white rule gained pace, conscription requirements were intensified on white men, causing many to leave the country. Coloured, Indian and black men were also conscripted, but showed little enthusiasm for sustaining white rule. These factors contributed to the end of Rhodesia and the country's transition to majority rule as Zimbabwe.
All up, I think - and hope - this makes for a surprisingly interesting read. However, please note that while the article is quite comprehensive, it includes some gaps that I haven't been able to resolve despite considerable research. As one of the leading historians of this topic has noted, this is due in part to the difficulty she and her colleagues have experienced piecing the subject together due to the frequent and confusing changes to the conscription scheme by the Rhodesian government; this is noted in the article.
I have been working on this article for a while. It was assessed as a good article last October. In January this year it passed a Military History Wikiproject A-class review. I have since expanded and copy edited the article, and am hopeful that the FA criteria are now met. Thank you in advance for your comments. Nick-D (talk) 10:52, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- File:Marmon-Herrington_Armoured_Car_Mk_III_(9685391849).jpg: OK
- File:Rhodesia.png: OK
- File:Caricature-1780-press_gang.jpg:
OK- Looking closer, this needs alt text. The {{Conscription}} template does not have it. ―Howard • 🌽33 12:50, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
- File:National_service_period_in_Rhodesia_between_1957_and_1979.png: license should be c:Template:PD-chart
- File:Rhodesian African Rifles, Lake Kariba, December 1976, 3.png: OK
- File:Rhodesian Eland Mk7.jpg: OK
- File:Net migration of white people from Rhodesia between 1965 and 1979.png: license should be c:Template:PD-chart
―Howard • 🌽33 12:28, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
Drive by comments from Noleander
- Coloured vs black: Some readers unfamiliar with Africa might not understand the distinction between those two designations in this article. US readers, in particular, may think both terms refer to the same populace. Can this be clarified somehow? Examples where readers may get confused:
- Coloured and Indian men were also subjected to conscription but were assigned less important roles. The great majority of the population, who were black, were exempt from conscription until shortly before the end of the war. - In the 1st sentence, some readers will think coloured includes black. The second sentence will clarify for some readers, confuse others.
- The coloured and Indian ethnic groups were also treated as inferior by the whites, with black Rhodesians facing the most extensive racial discrimination. - Some readers may think that blacks are same as (or subset of) coloured.
- Consider adding a prominent and clear statement defining and distingishing the two terms where the terms first appear (even in the lead, if necessary)
- ... and Rhodesia's situation deteriorated... - A bit vague. Can the article be more specific: Inflation? Violence? Chaos? Starvation? Fighting related to the civil war? Fighting unrelated to the civil war? International pressure?
- P vs PP errors
- Tsigo & Ndawana 2019, p. 91, 94-96. P/PP error? p. 91, 94-9; Hyphen in pg. range;
- Beckett 2011, p. 164-166. P/PP error? p. 164-166.; Hyphen in pg. range;
- Vickery 1989, p. 428-29. P/PP error? p. 428-29.; Hyphen in pg. range;
- Good 1973, p. 58-60. P/PP error? p. 58-60.; Hyphen in pg. range;
- Cite uniformity: WP:CITEVAR as of 2025 requires uniform capitalization of source titles. The way the source capitalizes its own title should be ignored. This article mostly uses Title case, but a few words are not capitalized, e.g.:
- The Rhodesian Army: counter-insurgency, 1972-1979".
- Black soldiers in the Rhodesian Army: Colonialism, Professionalism, and Race.
- The wretched of the empire: Politics, ideology and counterinsurgency in Rhodesia, 1965–80"
- .. others? ...
- I think that guideline is seriously wrong-headed (I think that this kind of variation boosts article credibility by demonstrating that editors have actually consulted the sources and care enough about them to use the author's preferred title), but done in the interests of consistency with it. Nick-D (talk) 10:24, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
ZKang123
I shall take a look at this.
Lead:
- The relatively large Rhodesian Security Forces, most of whose personnel were conscripts, contributed to the government having the confidence Would ...contributed to the government's confidence be more adequate?
- Is it stated how long their national service should be?
Background:
- including restrictions on land ownership and the jobs they could work in. – Erm, I think saying "restrictions on land ownership and jobs" might suffice. Or "employment"
- with there being This phrase is a bit odd
- during most years of the country's existence. I actually considered whether during much of the country's existence would be better but then the meaning would be vaguer and might refer to the area.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 11:52, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
More comments to come.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 09:36, 29 March 2026 (UTC) Conscription of whites and other minority groups:
- A labour conscription scheme was also introduced during 1940 Would "in 1940" be more suitable? Similar for "During 1963"
- Territorials were frequently called up during the period between 1953 and 1963 – "during the period" is quite redundant
- Also "in which" -> "when"
- I note some commas are absent after time periods (e.g. "In 1962", "By 1967" or "At this point"). I did some edits on this myself to keep it consistent, but it's your choice whether to use commas or otherwise
- the period of full time national service remained four and a half months – "remained at four and a half months"
- also led to multiple changes to the periods for which conscripts were required to serve and the eligible age ranges Might suggest using "duration" instead of "period"
- a range of changes Might just say "changes"
- I was actually wondering who were exactly the "nationalists" until I figured these were the guerilla forces fighting for African nationalism, which you have already linked in the first instance. There isn't exactly an article for Zimbabwe nationalism?
- Following the withdrawal in 1975 might rewrite to Following the 1975 withdrawal
- this change badly harmed morale in the Security Forces Might say "damaged" rather than "badly harmed". Also "badly" isn't necessary since "harmed" already implied a negative connotation
- Following considerable debate among whom and where?
- The worsening war situation required the continuation of large scale call ups though. Remove the "though". If required to add a contrast, just add "However" at the beginning of that sentence
- (one of the two main nationalist groups during the Bush War) Would prefer moving this as a hatnote and cite accordingly.
- The most senior coloured soldier in the army resigned in protest Is it known who he is?
More comments to come.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 05:10, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
Conscription of black Rhodesians:
- White Rhodesians considered it unfair for them to be required to undertake national service if blacks were not given the country was now, at least in theory, racially integrated. This sentence seems a bit confusing, particularly with the lack of commas. Might suggest splitting.
- published regulations setting out the arrangements Might be quite repetitive. Could be shorter
- at least three years secondary education – at least three years of secondary education
- It was estimated by who?
- as the white authorities did not want to relinquish power and it was anticipated there would be resistance to this measure among the black majority – ...and they anticipated resistance to this measure...
- including as the government attempted to address the resultant manpower shortages by increasing the conscription requirements facing other population groups. Sentence here might be a bit too clunky
Administration:
- The criticism led to Cowper being forced to resign – The criticism led to Cowper's resignation
- No other issues for administration section.
To continue.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 00:42, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
Impact of conscription on the Rhodesian Security Forces:
- Throughout the Rhodesian Front's period in power – When the Rhodesian Front was in power
- to support its goals While we all might know what these goals here, might reiterate briefly what these goals were (to reinforce white rule)
- The British government believed intervening would lead to combat. Might say The British government believed that intervention would lead to armed conflict.
- assessed a larger force would be required to disarm the Rhodesian Security Forces and then administer the country than was immediately available This clause here is quite clunky.
- They made an important contribution to security for the 1979 Rhodesian general election and fought well in some districts, however. The "however" at the end is quite odd. Suggest They nevertheless made an...
- a live and let live approach Might link to the wiktionary entry because not everyone would understand the idiom.
- with some committing serious crimes. Such as?
- the nationalists press-ganged black Rhodesian What's press-ganged?
- due to the size of the white population and the important role white men played in the economy. – Might rewrite due to the size of the white population and their importance in the economy.. Trying to see how to also reiterate it's because of the small population (cos "size" is a bit vague)
To continue.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 01:36, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
Social and economic effects:
- These views were common across families with different political opinions Might rewrite: These views were common across families regardless of political opinions
- Some were enthusiastic about serving in the Security Forces while others were uncommitted This statement might be stronger if there's any data of how many are actually enthusiastic
- were seen as unreasonable might clarify if it's the white Rhodesian families
- caused many Rhodesians to conclude the war was lost Only the whites or Rhodesians in general?
- It's interesting this section said there is enthusiasm for being called up, yet the previous sections noted that there were those who evaded conscription or deserted.
- over the absence of young white men, including as they were often managers in factories This part here reads quite awkwardly
- This damaged the Rhodesian economy, which was also faltering for other reasons. Other reasons such as?
Conscription and emigration:
- Staying would involve more frequently being required to fight in a war that appeared lost. Might rewrite to Staying would require more frequent call-ups to fight in a war that appeared lost. or"...to fight a losing war."
- From 1977, the sons of adults who were preparing to emigrate from Rhodesia were required to complete national service if they were called up before their parents completed the necessary paperwork to leave the country A bit clunky here.
- To feel like prisoners sound a little unencyclopedic here.
- A Rhodesian conscript told The Guardian in 1977 his request for asylum was rejected as he was considered a supporter of the Rhodesian government because he was serving in the armed forces. Split this sentence
- I wonder if this section could just be renamed "Emigration" because conscription is already the subject of the article in general. Subsections could be renamed "Migration policies" and "Impact on the white population".
That's all my comments. Would be happy to support once these comments are addressed. A very comprehensive article at this stage.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 07:34, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Hawkeye7
Support. I reviewed this at A-Class and support this nomination. A couple of comments:
- the British Home Office did not automatically grant asylum to men seeking to enter the UK to avoid fighting for the Rhodesian government, with applications being assessed on their individual merits.
- By 1977, most of the Rhodesia Regiment's infantry companies were well below their authorised strengths.
- What was the strength of the Rhodesian forces?
- That's noted in the second para of the 'Impact of conscription during the Bush War' section. The size fluctuated a bit. I haven't been able to provide useful figures on the total size of the military on a year by year basis - I tried using old editions of The Military Balance to develop a graph on the size of the Territorial Forces, but had to give up as each edition in the 1970s used a different methodology for accounting for numbers of personnel across the security forces. Nick-D (talk) 10:49, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- What was the strength of the Rhodesian forces?
2024 East–West Line disruption
This article is about one of Singapore's worst train disruptions in its history, since it took a vital train line out of commission for nearly a week, affecting about 2.6 million commuters. The reason is due to an old train whose axle box somehow fell out and damaged the tracks and other equipment, and it derailed while it was being pulled out of service. This incident was even mentioned by a few international news organisations. A report later emerged that fixing the operator's Hot Axle Box Detection System's "Null ID" error could have identified the affected train and prevented the incident. ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 00:29, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- Suggest scaling up the map. Nikkimaria (talk) 04:47, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Nikkimaria: I've done so.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 00:05, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
Icepinner
I vividly remembered this incident (having experienced its impacts), so seeing it up on FAC is a surprise. A quick disclosure that I am one of the top 5 contributors to this article, but all my edits took place around the incident. I have also consulted with other users on this matter, and they said that it was okay. Due to this, I will not support or oppose this nomination. Icepinner (Come to Hakurei Shrine!) 00:17, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- Also as an FYI, ZKang gave me permission off-Wiki to BOLDly address comments, so keep that in mind. Icepinner (Come to Hakurei Shrine!) 15:00, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
Background
- "The MRT network began" link Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) here? You should also put the full name here
- "and the stretch between Outram Park MRT station and Clementi MRT station" perhaps rephrase it to "Outram Park and Clementi stations"? It's already established that the system is the MRT, so no need to repeat it.
- "A power outage at Buona Vista station led to service disruptions on the EWL, NSL and the Circle Line (CCL) in April 2016.[11][12]... Another power outage on the EWL, NSL and CCL occurred in October 2020.[11][14][15]" Is it necessary to mention these incidents? Sure, they are there to establish context, but there have been a myriad of power outages on the MRT since its operation. The mentioned power outages lasted for 2-3 hours, but I felt like this was the case with most of the MRT power outage incidents?
Incident
- "At about 9 a.m. Singapore Time (SGT)" have colons per MOS:TIME?
- Done.
- Footnote a: "initially reported as 1.6 km (0.99 mi)" First word should be capitalised...
- Done.
- "suspended train services between Queenstown and Boon Lay stations" link Boon Lay MRT station here.
- Done
Repair and migration works
- "engineers had to use mechanical jigs" link Jig (tool)?
- Done
- "On 29 September, In a joint statement, SMRT and LTA" ah...
- Fixed
Impact
- "given the emainations' full duration" emaination...?
- Examinations. Typo
- "the National Transport Workers' Union" link National Trades Union Congress here?
- Not sure, given NTWU is kinda a union within NTUC
- It's mentioned in National Trades Union Congress#Service Sector Unions, so I'd link it.
- Not sure, given NTWU is kinda a union within NTUC
Investigation
- "Jumadi Husani from the Road and Transport Authority in Dubai said the axle box, bogie, and train wheels should not have come off under normal circumstances, and suggested it might be due to improper installation of parts after maintenance or that the defective component are not replaced" " Iirc, Husani's statement was initally a quote, hence the singular quotation mark?
- Fixed
Aftermath
- "the upcoming Jurong Region Line" link Jurong Region Line
- Done
Lead
- "Experts described the incident as "rare".[2]" this already mentioned in the body, so no need for the lead per WP:LEADCITE
TheNuggeteer
I will do the source review. I will continue later. I am done reviewing. 🍗TheNuggeteer🍗 (My "blotter") 02:10, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
- "between Outram Park station" please tell why this station is important, as it is not mentioned in the lead.
- Because... the MRT network opened in stages? And this affected segment opened in 1988?
- "The East–West Line (EWL) is operated by SMRT Trains" source does not show this.
- Source says: SMRT operates the North-South Line, East-West Line, Circle Line, Thomson-East Coast Line and the Bukit Panjang LRT.
- "The Kawasaki Heavy Industries C151 first-generation trains" not mentioned in source 6.
- The trains, which cost around $827 million, will replace 66 first-generation trains which have been in service from the time the MRT started more than 30 years ago. The wikilink also made it clear the Kawasaki C151 is the first generation train.
- Still, in my opinion, that is original research. The brand and type of train is not even mentioned by the source, just said as "66 first-generation trains". I do not know where Kawasaki Heavy Industries C151 comes from.
- "in April 2016" add the day (25 April 2016)
- "In November 2017, a software error in the EWL signalling system caused the Joo Koon rail accident when two trains collided at Joo Koon station" you should add the day and the number of injuries, like the Clementi rail accident mentioned above.
- There is something wrong with the link of the MOT final report; use this archive link instead
- "At about 9:00 a.m. Singapore Time (SGT)" not mentioned in the page.
- Mentioned in FN17. That report is more to cite what the train number is
- "The dislodged bogie damaged the third rail" the specific rail is not mentioned in the source.
- Mentioned in FN17.
- Then why is FN20 placed at the end of the sentence and not both FN17 and FN20?
- "Power cables and two of the three damaged point machines" source says all three.
- ""the axle box, bogie, and train wheels should not have come off under normal circumstances, and suggested it might be due to improper installation of parts after maintenance or that the defective component are not replaced"" some of this shouldn't be placed in quotes
- "by Alstom Movia R151 trains" the brand is the only thing mentioned in the source after, not the type. Please also add an instance of source 65 after this sentence too.
- Please put both instances of source 49 at the last paragraph of Aftermath to the end of the paragraph.
- It's to attribute to the currency conversion.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 01:42, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- @ZKang123: why didn't you ping me? All issues seem to be resolved, so I will support this for FA. Good job!
🍗TheNuggeteer🍗 (My "blotter")12:18, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
Crisco 1492
- dislodged, derailing the train, and damaging the track and equipment between Clementi and Dover stations. - No comma after "derailing the train", as both are effects of the dislodgement rather than parallel constructs
- Services resumed on 1 October. feels like it would be better in Paragraph 2, as it deals more with the disruption, while Paragraph 3 focuses on the aftermath.
- The LTA report concluded the failure began with degraded grease in an axle bearing that caused overheating and fire damage to the chevron springs, leading to the detachment of the axle box and the train derailment near Dover station. - Are any of these technical terms worth wikilinking? "Axle bearing", "chevron springs"?
- switchover - When a verb, is switchover one word or two (switch over?)
- I think it's two words
- Before moving the train back to Ulu Pandan Depot, - You've mentioned several stalled trains; since I'm assuming you're referring to T310, would it be possible to make this more explicit?
- I said T310 train then.
- The next day, SMRT and LTA reported that their engineers made "significant progress" with the maintenance and the completion of heavy rail delivery work. - Feels like "had made" is appropriate here, as they are announcing something that was in the past at the time it was announced.
- said "the axle box, bogie, and train wheels should not have come off under normal circumstances, and suggested it might be due to improper installation of parts after maintenance or that the defective component are not replaced". - Two things. One, as this is a direct quote, as I understand WP:V there should be a reference here. Two, the construction of "said" in Wiki-voice and "suggested" in the direct quote is a bit awkward. Any chance of reworking this?
- too burnt and damaged in the incident - Is "too" necessary here?
- Because SMRT was required to continue regular maintenance of old trains still in service,[65] SMRT had authorised two extensions to this interval through an internal waiver process - Perhaps replace the second SMRT with a synonym? ("The company", "it", etc.) — Chris Woodrich (talk) 03:12, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Support - Looks good, lah! — Chris Woodrich (talk) 22:26, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
EG
I will leave some comments next week. – Epicgenius (talk) 14:50, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Here are my initial comments.Lead
- Para 1: "Singapore Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) East–West Line (EWL)" - Is there a better way to write this? Technically, there is no problem, just that the two parenthetical passages right next to each other seem a bit clunky.
- Para 1: "an axle box of a Kawasaki C151 train dislodged" - Should this be "on a Kawasaki C151 train", since the issue was specifically that the axle box fell off the train?
- Para 1: "This resulted in the suspension of regular services between Boon Lay and Queenstown stations" and Para 2: "services were expected to be restored only some days later." - Do we know when service was restored? If so I would add the date when service resumed.
- Para 2: "Experts described the incident as "rare"" - It would be interesting if there were data on exactly how rare such incidents were.
- Para 3: "SMRT was subsequently fined S$2.4 million (2020) (US$1.74 million)" - The two parenthetical passages directly next to each other are definitely clunky here.
- Background
- Para 2: "two trains to collide Clementi station" - This should be "two trains to collide at Clementi station".
- Para 2: "due to an error in the track alignments" - This, similarly, can be "due to an error in track alignment".
- More next week. – Epicgenius (talk) 14:58, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Addressed most of the comments above. As for the comment: "Do we know when service was restored? If so I would add the date when service resumed.", the last paragraph said services were restored on 1 October. Also, adjusted the SGD convert template to not show the date.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 01:41, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- Incident:
- Para 1: "The 850 passengers on the train disembarked and SMRT staff guided them to Clementi station" - Wait, so they disembarked in between stations, before the train was taken out of service?
- Actually the 850 passengers is another stalled train; shifted it
- Actually, I would recommend making the infobox map of the disruption area more prominent. I think it would be helpful to have that be shown by default, rather than auto-hidden.
- Will need more time to work on this
- Para 1: "the T310 train had to switch over at Queenstown station. Near Dover station, a defective axle box dropped onto the tracks..." - It may be helpful to note that Dover is between Clementi and Queenstown (e.g. "Partway through the trip, near Dover station, a defective axle box dropped onto the tracks.")
- Wrote that the train was already heading westward
- Para 1: " damaged the third rail, some power cables, some point machines that enable trains to change tracks, and some rail fasteners" - I would remove "some", which is repeated three times here. By default, "the bogie damaged power cables" (for example) means that at least some of them were damaged. If all power cables were damaged, this would have been stated explicitly.
- Done
- Para 1: "The 850 passengers on the train disembarked and SMRT staff guided them to Clementi station" - Wait, so they disembarked in between stations, before the train was taken out of service?
- Repair and mitigation works:
- Para 1: "The incident caused "extensive damage" to the affected track stretch; it included 46 rail cracks, exposure of the third rail's cables, and damage to three point machines, power cables, and rail fasteners" - The damage is already mentioned in some detail above. I recommend moving this info so all the details about the damage are in the same place.
- Shifted around
- Para 2: "The authorities initially hoped to restore partial services between Jurong East and Buona Vista by 27 September" - What would this have entailed? It sounds like partial service was already restored with the shuttle trains.
- The partial service is only between Queenstown and Buona Vista, and Jurong East to Boon Lay. There were no trains running on the stretch between Buona Vista and Jurong East.
- Para 3: " Once repairs were finished, systematic and functional tests, including checks on tracks, power supply and train signalling, and running trains at different speeds to ensure smooth operations, were planned for 29 September 2024" - I would add emdashes, or spaced endashes, before and after "including checks on tracks, power supply and train signalling, and running trains at different speeds to ensure smooth operations", since that clause is an entire parenthetical phrase.
- Done
- Para 3: "On this day, it was estimated 374,000 passengers were affected" - Here, "estimated" can be interpreted both as an active and passive verb, which is confusing. I would change to "On this day, it was estimated that 374,000 passengers were affected) or "On this day, an estimated 374,000 passengers were affected".
- Fixed. I think someone forgot "that"
- Para 4: "completion of locomotive stress tests, and other tests for electric meggering and track circuiting" - Why not "completion of locomotive stress tests, electric meggering and track circuiting tests"?
- Done.
- Para 4: "The LTA and SMRT announced train services would resume on 1 October with temporary speed restrictions on westbound tracks for safety. " - From the above, I thought the incident took place on an eastbound train (before it had the chance to switch over at Queenstown).
- No, it's on the westbound. I also fixed accordingly.
- Para 1: "The incident caused "extensive damage" to the affected track stretch; it included 46 rail cracks, exposure of the third rail's cables, and damage to three point machines, power cables, and rail fasteners" - The damage is already mentioned in some detail above. I recommend moving this info so all the details about the damage are in the same place.
- Impact:
- Para 1: "According to CNA and South China Morning Post, the incident was the worst disruption to the MRT system in its history." - I would say "most severe" rather than "worst"; the former is more formal, and the latter can be erroneously treated as an opinion (even though it may be factual).
- Fixed.
- Para 1: "the long walking distance between Jurong East station and its bridging bus stop" - I suggest "associated" before "bridging bus stop".
- Fixed.
- Para 2: "The disruption was estimated to have affected more than 2.1 million commuters as of 30 September" - Presumably, these aren't 2.1 million unique passengers, but rather 2.1 million trips since many people are likely to be regular or semi-regular commuters.
- Sources say 2.1 million passengers and erm, that's not unusual because Singapore has six million people. And that west side is about a third of Singapore
- Based on an off-wiki chat with ZKang, it looks like the sources do say 2.1 million unique people. To reiterate what I said offline, sources sometimes conflate "rides" (how many times a farecard is swiped into or out of the station) and "riders" (the physical number of people who ride). It is actually quite plausible that 2.1 million unique people were affected, but I wanted to check. Epicgenius (talk) 21:49, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Sources say 2.1 million passengers and erm, that's not unusual because Singapore has six million people. And that west side is about a third of Singapore
- Para 2: "According to minister Chee, passengers travelling between Boon Lay and Queenstown were not charged, and bridging and regular bus services were provided for free." - I don't think we need to attribute Chee here, per WP:INTEXT, unless for some reason this was controversial, or the buses were not in fact carrying passengers for free.
- Fixed
- Para 3: "According to MOE, on 26 September, five students were late for their papers. One student took the examination in a different examination centre, and all of them were given the examinations' full duration." - That second sentence may be excessive detail, since you already mentioned that students were granted the full time for their paper. Also, the fact that one student sat their paper at a different location seems really minor here.
- It's a bit unique here since you have to take the exam in the school.
- Oh I see. In my country there is an option to take (some) exams online. Epicgenius (talk) 21:49, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- It's a bit unique here since you have to take the exam in the school.
- Para 1: "According to CNA and South China Morning Post, the incident was the worst disruption to the MRT system in its history." - I would say "most severe" rather than "worst"; the former is more formal, and the latter can be erroneously treated as an opinion (even though it may be factual).
- Regulatory and parliamentary response:
- No issues
- I will continue my review later, and hope to be finished early next week. – Epicgenius (talk) 15:06, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed the above issues.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 04:15, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Investigation:
- Para 1: "suggested it might be due to faulty assembly of components after maintenance or the failure to replace defective parts" - This should probably be "suggested it might have been due to faulty assembly of components after maintenance or the failure to replace defective parts", since this is talking about something in the past tense.
- Fixed.
- Para 1: "Malcolm Dobell, who is the former Head of Train Systems for London Underground," - You can drop "who is".
- Fixed.
- Para 1: "The investigation would seek the root cause of the axle-box failure, and the fault-detection and incident-handling procedures." - Just to clarify, what was the investigation doing with the fault-detection and incident-handling procedures? (There is no verb before this clause, so usually this would read "the investigation would seek ... the fault-detection and incident-handling procedures", but this doesn't sound quite right.)
- "Examine" in source. So I added a verb.
- Para 2: "Both investigations concluded the" - I would add "that" after "concluded" for clarity
- Fixed.
- Para 3: "Both investigations also established the train had exceeded its prescribed overhaul interval of 500,000 kilometres" - For the non-railfans, what is an "overhaul interval"? We both know what it means, but I don't know if a regular reader would know. Also, I would suggest "Both investigations also established that the train"
- Clarified as a footnote.
- Para 4: "The TSIB report noted while" - Same here: "The TSIB report noted that while". (Incidentally, I find it both fascinating and alarming that the controller was trained to ignore errors they couldn't fix.)
- This has become a DYK fact in some way btw. Also fixed.
- Para 4: "SMRT eventually rectified the error." - This is also mentioned in the second paragraph of "Aftermath" ("The operator also resolved the HABDS system fault"). It may be better if you linked to the "Aftermath" section (e.g. "SMRT eventually rectified the error (see {{section link||Aftermath}}") or removed this sentence altogether, mentioning this rectification only in the Aftermath section.
- Okay, done.
- Aftermath:
- Para 1: " all Kawasaki C151 trains were set for decommissioning in the third quarter of 2025" - First, I would suggest "were scheduled for decommissioning" instead, as that is more formal. Second, I would make it clear that the axle-box overhauls were a temporary measure because the R151 was already being planned to replace the C151.
""*Added this was done in October 2024.
- Para 3: "global supply chain disruptions" - Perhaps link to 2021–2023 global supply chain crisis?
- Done
- @ZKang123, that's it from me. Please let me know when you get around to these. – Epicgenius (talk) 13:37, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed all the above issues. Thanks for the thorough review.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 10:45, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- No problem. I support this article for FAC promotion. – Epicgenius (talk) 20:31, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed all the above issues. Thanks for the thorough review.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 10:45, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
HMS Mallow (K81)
- Nominator(s): Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 05:45, 17 March 2026 (UTC)
This article is about a British corvette that ended up serving under four flags. She conducted nearly 100 convoy escort tasks during WWII, first with the British then with the Yugoslav navy-in-exile. While under the British flag she sank a German U-boat (with assistance from smaller ship) and drove others away from convoys, for which her captain was decorated. After the war the new Yugoslav government had to relinquish her, and she ended up serving with the Egyptian navy. This is one of the few remaining non-Featured articles of the 36-article Featured Topic Ships of the Royal Yugoslav Navy. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 05:45, 17 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- Suggest adding alt for the lead image. Nikkimaria (talk) 04:45, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done, thanks Nikki! Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 09:52, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
Simon Harley
- Wouldn't it be better to use cite book instead of cite web for the Navy Lists? e.g. The Navy List for June 1943. Vol. 2. National Library of Scotland. 1943. p. 1878. To take that June 1943 issue as an example, it seems odd for a 2258 page edition in two volumes to be rendered as an article rather than a book.
- Sure, done. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 09:49, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
- Do the full names of the captains really have to be given? If so, then possibly reference the pages where you got the full name.
- Probably not, reduced to initials. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 09:49, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
- Possibly add RN, RNR and RNVR as appropriate after the captains' names.
- Done. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 09:49, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
- If you have, the MoS requires that these abbreviations be given in full at first mention. And really there should also be a brief in line explanation of what each means. Gog the Mild (talk) 16:25, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Good point Gog. I've placed them in full after each and linked to the relevant article. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 04:51, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- If you have, the MoS requires that these abbreviations be given in full at first mention. And really there should also be a brief in line explanation of what each means. Gog the Mild (talk) 16:25, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- More to come. —Simon Harley (Talk). 06:02, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
Support by ZKang123
Will leave a review.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 06:17, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
Design, description and construction:
- Many ships of the class were modified while they were under construction So these ships weren't originally intended for this class?
- Yes, but as lessons were learned, mods were made with later ships of the class and of ships already in service. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 09:24, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- included a total of "a total of" is redundant.
- Good point, deleted. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 09:24, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
Career:
- During the balance of 1940, What does "balance" mean here
- The remainder of 1940. Changed. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 04:44, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Personally, I will try to avoid WP:PROSELIST given most sentences here tend to begin with dates (e.g. "During 1941", "On 1 July 1941" etc.) Also, in fact within the same paragraph, you don't have to keep mentioning the year since it's also largely in chronological order.
- Have tweaked these, see if there are any others you think need trimming? Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 04:44, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- conducting a total of 17 convoy escorts Again "a total" is unnecessary
- Quite, done. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 04:44, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- as her crew was not considered "politically reliable" because they were not aligned with Josip Broz Tito's Partisan forces. A bit of a run on here (...as ...because...); would suggest splitting
- Done. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 04:44, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- The requirement to return Partizanka was a painful blow to the Yugoslavs Why does Partizanka need to be returned?
- The British required it. Tweaked the wording. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 04:44, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- This occurred in the immediate aftermath of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and was part of a significant fleet expansion. How did this transfer come about? Like, did Egypt purchase the ship or loan it?
- Purchase, clarified. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 04:44, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
These are all my comments. Quite short, but in good shape for FA.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 04:48, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks so much for taking a look, ZKang123. See what you think of my edits in response? Cheers, Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 04:44, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
GGOTCC
- Will review as well. GGOTCC 00:13, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- G'day GGOTCC, I've responded to the above review now, so feel free to review at your leisure! Cheers, Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 04:45, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Sure thing! I got sidetracked by my classes, but will do that now! Sorry about the delay. GGOTCC 05:15, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- G'day GGOTCC, I've responded to the above review now, so feel free to review at your leisure! Cheers, Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 04:45, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Under the first paragraph of "Design, description and construction", I think it would be great to include information about the Flower-class and the intended purpose. The article states that they were based off Southern Pride, but why? The first paragraph is shallow, as the reader has no idea why the sketch was made or what the drydock had to do with the Royal Navy
- Do any of the sources mention the namesake of the Flower-class? This can be used to state that a Mallow is a flower.
- Are the stats in the first section specifically for Mallow, or her class? In USS Gyatt, I generalized the measurements and cited data applied for the entire class because each vessel varied from one another. Here, you could state that the dimensions are for the Flowers in general, not just Mallow
- Shoreham-class sloop HMS Rochester I understand MOS:SEAOFBLUE issues, but why not link Shoreham-class sloop if both whaling ship and Southern Pride are linked before?
- Lieutenant Commander W. B. Piggott, RNR Is writing the branch of service like this a British thing? I only seen it as shorthand for "Lieutenant Commander W. B. Piggott of the Royal Navy Reserve" when it is fully written out in the prose.
- Is it MOS to use dashes to abbreviate a timespan? AutoWikiBrowser switches them out when I use it.
- Transfer date of 11 January 1944 is never cited in the article
- I am happy to see small ships get attention the deserve! However, I have a few questions. I assume you have nothing about what happened after she was decommissioned in 1975, why the Royal Navy wanted her back (and why the Yugoslavs obeyed), or why the ship was given to the Royal Yugoslav Navy if they were considered unreliable (and whose allegiance were they too)? Explanations at these points would really flush out the article
- Is convoyweb.org.uk reliable?
- Great job, @Peacemaker67:! I am tired and will go to bed, so this is all from me. GGOTCC 07:15, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
History of education in Wales (1870–1939)
This article is about what it says on the tin; an education system. That education system, like the nation it served, was both closely integrated with England and peculiar to itself. The article discusses politics and everyday life in the classroom. The sometimes awkward place of education in a society with two languages and two nationalities. How the system was both embraced and rejected by the people it was suppose to benefit and influenced social change. I hope that didn't sound too pretentious and that it's interesting to read.
I got this article to good status a couple of years ago. I recently largely rewrote it and received a very helpful peer review. Another article in this series was promoted to FA status last year. Llewee (talk) 00:58, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- File:Ca._1914_World_War_I_propaganda,_pictorial_map_of_the_British_Isles.jpg: what is the author's date of death?
- File:Three_Richards_children,_St._Dogmaels_(7879407074).jpg: is a more specific tag available? Ditto File:Pupils_of_Llanfair_Caereinion_Intermediate_School_(7542504976).jpg
- File:Teachers_of_the_British_school,_Llanymddyfri_NLW3363482.jpg needs a US tag and author date of death. Ditto File:Standard_2_pupils_of_the_British_school,_Llanymddyfri_(1891)_NLW3363477.jpg, File:The_endowed_schools,_Dolgellau_(1876)_NLW3363156.jpg, File:Wern_Fawr,_Harlech_(2).jpg
- Added PD-UK-unknown and PD-US-architecture to the Wern Fawr image as it is anonymous. The others are by John Thomas and I have added his lifespan from his article. His article commented that the images were used in a magazine from the turn of the century so I have added PD-US-expired.--Llewee (talk) 00:27, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- File:Battle_of_Bosworth_Field.jpg: what is the author's date of death? Ditto File:Southall's_census_map_of_Wales.jpg
- File:University_college_of_Wales_%26_parish_church,_Aberystwith.jpeg: when and where was this first published?
- File:Southall's_census_map_of_Wales.jpg: see MOS:COLOUR
Comments by Bgsu98 (3/14/26)
- Lead
- "The Elementary Education Act 1870 was intended to provide sufficient elementary schools for all children. Schooling was made compulsory up to the age of ten in 1880 and free at the elementary level in 1891. The minimum school leaving-age was increased to 12 in the 1890s and
to14 by the Education Act 1918." -- a few stylistic recommendations.
- "By the end of the period, a third of adolescents entered secondary school." --> Recommend using the past tense and not the past progressive.
- "Secondary schools taught an academic curriculum which reflected parents' aspirations for their children." --> Missing apostrophe on "parents".
- Isn't "percent" one word? Regardless, I would recommend simply writing 58%, 26%, etc.
- "knowledge of the three R's" --> I would recommend rewriting as "academic knowledge", or something similar.
- "The three r's" is quite a common phrase to refer to a basic education focused on literacy and numeracy. I don't think think there is any harm in including it, especially as its meaning is explained.--Llewee (talk) 00:53, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- As a drive-by, I'll note that the OED definition for "The three R's" treats it as regular English, (i.e. doesn't call it out as slang or informal) and cites uses back to 1807. If you felt the need, you could cite that as Oxford English Dictionary, “'the three R's' in R (n.), sense I.3,” December 2025, https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/1078002274. RoySmith (talk) 02:37, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Terminology
- "Elementary schools, equivalent to primary education, were most people's sole experience of schooling." --> This sentence reads awkwardly.
- I don't think anything can be done about that sorry. I think primary education is a better link than primary school. The former is about the concept in general rather than a specific institution. Llewee (talk) 12:00, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- "Young children in elementary schools were referred to as
theinfants." --> Recommend removing the "the".
- "Their age range overlapped with elementary schools..."
- "The usual starting age at Welsh secondary schools was 12[21] and many students only attended for a few years.[22]" --> Citations must go after punctuation marks or at the end of sentences, so source no. 21 needs to be moved to the end of the sentence.
- Where is that a policy? It just says inline citations are "close to the material it supports, for example after the sentence or paragraph" at WP:CITETYPE. The citations are covering different parts of the sentence. Llewee (talk) 16:17, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- "The term England was often used to refer to the whole of the island of Great Britain in this period, including Wales.[26]" --> This seems largely irrelevant to this topic; recommend removing altogether.
- Historical context, 1870 — 1939
- "Most of Ireland left the United Kingdom forming the Irish Free State in the early 1920s." --> Unsourced, but also irrelevant to this topic; recommend removing.
- "Numerous unsuccessful proposals were made to create a National Council of Education during this period; a committee of Welsh officials that would have authority over Wales's education system." --> Recommend shuffling the sentence thusly: "Numerous unsuccessful proposals were made to create a National Council of Education, a committee of Welsh officials that would have authority over Wales's education system, during this period."
- "...recalled about the street where she was born in Pontypool" --> Recommend rephrasing as "spoke (or wrote) about the street..."
- I prefer the previous wording as it emphasises that she was writing a long time later. Llewee (talk) 16:40, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- "Recall" is a transitive verb; it needs a direct object or nothing at all, but not a prepositional phrase. The "about" in that sentence needs to go. Bgsu98 (Talk) 17:27, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- "The expanding[40] middle-class were interested in Welsh culture.[34]" --> Move source no. 40 to the end of the sentence.
- "The Cymru Fydd (Wales Will Be) movement promoted Welsh nationalism[40] and the idea of home rule began to be debated.[46]" --> Move source no. 40 to the end of the sentence.
- "It started to fall, thereafter, but the economic recovery was slower in South Wales than in most parts of the United Kingdom."
- Laws, politics and administration
- Is "Nonconformist" a proper noun or not?
- "In others, there was more controversy which sometimes led to a referendum of local people." --> This sentence is unclear.
- "The usual argument made against their creation was that it would increase, local taxation, the rates." --> I have italicized this portion of the sentence that reads very awkwardly.
- "There were sometimes allegations that local landowners put pressure on their tenants to vote against."
- "there were complaints that Nonconformist leaders coerced their religious followers into voting a certain way."
- "Electoral behaviour often differed from national elections."
- You use a hyphen in the phrase "school-leaving age" earlier in this article, but not here. Pick one.
- "children who wished to leave school at the age of twelve took the Labour Proficiency Examination
, in the three R's."
- "Compulsory education was extended to disabled children between the 1890s[3] and the First World War.[19]" --> Move source no. 3 to the end of the sentence.
- You have some ages given as numbers and some spelled out. Pick one to use consistently.
- MOS:SPELLNUM says to spell out sometimes, and use digits other times. I have not looked at this article to see if it applies the MOS:SPELLNUM algorithm correctly, but it should not use "all one or all the other". Noleander (talk) 01:01, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Per MOS:SPELLNUM: “Comparable values near one another should be all spelled out or all in figures, even if some of the numbers would (or could) normally be written differently.” Bgsu98 (Talk) 01:08, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- MOS:SPELLNUM says to spell out sometimes, and use digits other times. I have not looked at this article to see if it applies the MOS:SPELLNUM algorithm correctly, but it should not use "all one or all the other". Noleander (talk) 01:01, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- "These authorities were partially responsible for funding all state schools in their areas"
- "All Welsh counties, with the exception of Radnorshire and Brecknockshire, refused to fully implement the new system at the end of that year."
- "...a reference to the Coercion Acts."
- The term "Coercion Acts" was used to refer to a large number of laws passed over several centuries. I think adding "the" would give the impression it was referring to a specific thing. Llewee (talk) 17:44, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- The fact that "Acts" is plural makes it clear that the sentence is not referring to one specific thing. But the phrase "to Coercion Acts" sounds awkward. Bgsu98 (Talk) 17:57, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Not sure what the bold highlighting above (throughout this review) is supposed to signify. In at least six of them, the grammar and spelling looks perfect to me. But maybe I'm not understanding the intent of the bold? Noleander (talk) 01:01, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- I think the plural of "curriculum" is "curricula". At least according to my spellcheck.
- "a medical department was set up in the Board of Education, and LECs were required to appoint school medical officers and conduct physical examinations of pupils."
- It's a list of things so "and" is between the final two things in the list. Llewee (talk) 17:44, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- There is no "and" there at present. That's why I included it here; it needs to be added. Bgsu98 (Talk) 17:51, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- There is an "and" between the point about school medical officers and the final point about medical inspection.
- If "conduct physical examinations of pupils" is your last element in a sequence, then it needs a subject in front of it like all of the other elements in this list. As written, "LECs were required to appoint school medical officers and conduct physical examinations of pupils" is one element. Bgsu98 (Talk) 18:23, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Private, charitable and specialist schools
- "The government assumed that after the 1870 Act, 5% of children..."
- "Certain schools existed to cater to wealthy families[78] and these households sometimes sent their children away to be educated.[79]." --> Move source no. 78 to the end of the sentence.
- "They were often criticised by school inspectors; for instance, being considered unhygienic." --> Recommend rewriting as "They were often criticised by school inspectors for being unhygienic."
- "They later became widespread across Wales and England..."
- "The Waifs and Strays Society and the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children established orphanages..."
Llewee: I am maybe 1/4 of the way through the article and have generated a laundry list of comments as you can see above. There are numerous errors: excessive and improperly-used semicolons, citations placed mid-sentence and not after puncutation, inconsistent uses of numbers v. words, improper use of the past progressive when the simple past should suffice, and so on. I recommend another close re-reading of this text. I do not want to continue doing this review at this point until some efforts are made toward improving the prose. Let me know when you've had a chance to examine my comments and further improve your article before I return to it. Oppose until substantial improvements are made. Bgsu98 (Talk) 22:19, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Bgsu98, just as a drive-by comment: citations being placed mid-sentence is not necessarily disallowed; per WP:TSI, if that citation only supports the part of the sentence immediately preceding it, then the location of the citation is fine. Of course, putting the citation at the end of the sentence is acceptable, but is by no means required. Your other comments are fine. – Epicgenius (talk) 01:09, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- User talk:Epicgenius: I have been told the opposite in the past. And of course I have passed along that information to others. Thank you for your clarification. Bgsu98 (Talk) 20:49, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
Support Comments from Noleander
- He was complementary of elementary school teachers at a time when they were often viewed with little respect,... Supposed to be complimentary?
- The proportion of day school pupils at private school ... Can the term "day school" be defined at first use with a footnote or parenthesis? I'm guessing it is British term for "not a boarding school"?
- That is one of the meanings but the main point here is the contrast with sunday schools, I have added a footnote.--Llewee (talk) 22:18, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- Candidates tended to be elected to represent religious factions; by the end of the 19th century, this was replaced by political party affiliations in larger towns. - The word "replaced" is a bit ambiguous: could mean "legally mandated change"; or could mean "gradually evolved".
- m-dashes: I think some m-dashes have spaces on either side, which is prohibited by WP:DASHVAR
- m-dashes: some book cites use m-dashes for date range xxxx—yyyy, but MOS:RANGE says that n-dashes should be used for a range of numbers.
- I see that Bgsu98 has identified quite a few grammar issues ... I'm chagrined, because I did a peer review on this article, and I feel bad that I did not find those before the article got here to FAC. That reviewer wrote "I do not want to continue doing this review at this point until some efforts are made toward improving the prose. Let me know when you've had a chance to examine my comments and further improve your article before I return to it." ... it would be nice if they could continue with their review: they clearly have outstanding copy-editing skills.
- Size: The article is at 11,910 prose words, which is well above the 9,000 size recommened by WP:SIZERULE. I know that guideline is not a mandate, but most other FAC nominations are under 11,000. For example, Manhattan Project feed materials program is 10,253 prose words.
- Images: the images are very informative, engaging, and relevant. I have not examined them for free-to-use status.
- Typo? ...by school boards in elementary' school buildings ... the apostrophe after the word "elementary"?
- Why in quotes Around the time of the First World War, the subjects listed on inspection reports as being taught at elementary schools included "English, Arithmetic, history and geography, music and drawing". Some schools taught practical subjects, such as "needlework, laundry, handicraft, hygiene and school gardens" - Unless there is some reason to doubt the source, just list the topics in the encyclopedia's voice.
- Why quotes: The subjects taught included "book-keeping, shorthand, cookery, woodcarving, ambulance work and handicrafts"
- Why name the source: John Hughes, a professor of education, commented in 1928 that the teaching of Welsh-speaking children in English was still common "in backward schools and areas".Johnes comments that some physical punishment for speaking Welsh at school likely continued in the early 20th century If those sources are reliable, simply state the facts in the encyclopedia's voice; if not reliable: remove it entirely.
- The article seems to have a bit more detail than normally seen in FA articles, such as:
- School boards were elected every three years.
- Around 18 governesses were working in Anglesey in 1871.
- Research relating to a group of teachers who worked in the Rhondda, during the late 19th century, suggested that a clear majority had attended training colleges. -> Of the teachers in Rhondda, a majority had attended training college.
- Schools employed young people to help adult staff with teaching.
- Young members of staff sometimes struggled to control their pupils or were themselves distractable.
- They had to be at least sixteen, or fifteen in rural areas, to allow for them to attend secondary school before their training.
- Parents tended to be supportive of corporal punishment but could become angry if they considered discipline excessive; mentions of parents complaining about the issue appear in school records.
- Roald Dahl wrote that he had few memories of attending Llandaff Cathedral School in the 1920s;[123] one of his recollections was being caned for playing a prank on a shopkeeper.[124] The headmaster told his mother that corporal punishment was a part of British education which she, being a foreigner, could not understand. - Anecdotal.
- The society continued to build some schools during this period, for instance, opening one in Gyffin, Caernarfonshire in 1910.
- Morgan Thomas wrote that she found writing and arithmetic lessons difficult at her Welsh elementary school.[166] She recalled history[167] and drawing[168] lessons more fondly, while, her first years at school were focused on play.[169] She indicates that pupils were taught to be polite and deferential to authority. - Anecdotal. Not high priority in a large article.
- Daniel Parry-Jones [Wikidata], who was born in 1891 and a Welsh-speaker with difficulties understanding his lessons,[214] remembered learning at school that English was "the language of the boss-nation. Vaguely we knew that something had happened in the past to bring about such a state of things, which we now calmly accepted and went our own way of business." - Anectdotal
- Clio was a training ship docked in the Menai Strait; it was designed to prepare adolescent boys from various backgrounds to become sailors[309] and received visits from school inspectors. Unless Clio became famous for some reason, probably too trivial?
- ... etc ...
- Regarding the list above: The examples fall into three categories:
- Too trivial for an encyclopedia
- Anecdotal: a fact about an individual person (not about Wales or schools)
- Self-evident fact (always true in all schools in the world)
- If the article were small, including some trivial or anecdotal facts might be okay. But at nearly 11,454 words, the article is on the large size ... will the verbosity be off-putting to readers? Can the text be tightened and made more engaging?
- Looking at the FA criteria (FACR), my assessment of this article is:
- 1a) Well-written - See below
- 1b) Comprehensive: - Meets FACR
- 1c) Well-researched, good sources, & Verifiable - Meets FACR But I have not done a spot check.
- 1d) Neutral- Meets FACR
- 1e) Stable - Meets FACR
- 1f) Copyright, etc- Meets FACR
- 2a) Lead - Meets FACR
- 2b) Structure & sections- Meets FACR
- 2c) Citations- Meets FACR
- 3) Media - Meets FACR. Images are excellent and informative. I believe all have Alt text. I have not done a free-to-use review of the images.
- 4) Size -
See belowMeets FACR
- 1a) PROSE: The FA criterion is: "its prose is engaging and of a professional standard". Regarding "engaging": the topic is a bit dry for my tastes; but that reflects on my tastes, not the prose. Regarding "professional", reviewer User:Bgsu98 above found it wanting and wrote "Let me know when you've had a chance to examine my comments and further improve your article before I return to it. Oppose until substantial improvements are made". I'm curious to see if recent copy editing by the nominator has resolved those concerns.
- I chose one section at random to examine ("Legacy"). I got as far as "There was also a growing awareness that the Welsh language was declining which education was sometimes blamed for." before I gave up. Plus, there is the inexplicable use of a semicolon instead of a colon to introduce a quote in the preceding paragraph. Bgsu98 (Talk) 16:26, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- 4) SIZE: The size is currently 10,704 prose words, which exceeds the 9,000 words suggested in WP:SIZERULE. That guideline provides an exception: "Probably should be divided or trimmed, though the scope of a topic can sometimes justify the added reading material." [emphasis added]. This nominator had a similar article last year in FAC, History of education in Wales (1701–1870), which was 10,200 words and was promoted to FA. Manhattan Project feed materials program was just promoted at 10,372 words. Query: The date range of this article is 1870-1939, does that range come from the sources? Or was it an arbitrary range selected by WP editors?
- Thank you for the review, I will be away for the next couple of days as I have a real world deadline on Thursday but will carry on working on the article after that and review your nomination on the weekend. There is a lot of support in the sources for a starting point of about 1870. The issue came up at the end of the sister article's FA nomination. The 1939 end point reflected the end of a chapter in the first book I used when writing this series of articles. I also think it makes sense as plans for postwar education reforms started to be made during WW2. Llewee (talk) 21:42, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Regarding the size of the ariticle (10,500 prose words) .. I note that the Douglas MacArthur article is FA, yet has 16,000 words. There is an WP:FAR on that article here. It appears that the article will retain its FA status, because the WP guideline on size is very vague and doesn't establish firm limits. In light of the fact that several FA nominations have been promoted to FA over the past year with sizes of 10,000 words or more, I cannot in good conscience raise the size issue for this nomination. So, I retract my comments about the size being too large.
- Supporting this nomination. The article meets all FACR criteria, in my opinion. I note that there are some prose issues raised by the first reviewer, above. The prose reads fine to me (but I'm not the world's best copy editor). In any case, it is not unusual to see a successful FA nomination undergo between 40 to 100 prose corrections during the nomination process. Fine article! Noleander (talk) 03:04, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
IAWW
Since this was one of my first GA reviews over a year ago, I thought it would be fitting that it be my first FA review. I really love these articles!
- Thank you It is a wonderful world, I have responded to all your comments and made changes relating to most of them.--Llewee (talk) 15:05, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
Having reviewed a significant chunk of the article, I want to note a few recurring issues with the prose. I fixed almost all of these issues myself, as they are normally very minor fixes. I summarise them here so you can fix them in the future.
- I think the biggest area for improvement in this article is making it flow better. It reads so often like a list of related facts. This issue is omnipresent in the text, so I haven't included it much in individual prose points, or I would be adding a comment every two sentences or so. This is the only major issue I have spotted which will remain after I have passed through the whole article with comments. Since I am inexperienced with judging prose at an FA level, I am going to ask for a third opinion once I finish my first pass through, to determine whether this issue is worth opposing over.
- Semi-colons are very commonly used wrong. They should be used to join two independent clauses; they can be thought of as joining two clauses that could function as separate sentences if they were on their own. WP:SEMICOLON explains this better with examples.
- Similar to the above point, I suggest reading WP:CINS to understand when commas should be placed before connectives. Like with semi-colons, the comma should only be placed before the connective when it joins two independent clauses (also thought of as "clauses which could function as their own sentence").
- Comma splices were a less common occurrence. This again runs off the theme of how to connect independent clauses vs dependent clauses. IAWW (talk) 08:37, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
I suggest installing this duplinks script, which highlights duplicated links. I think there are several that are unintentionally repeated in this article. IAWW (talk) 19:14, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Lead
Will review after the body
Welsh education in the early- to mid-19th century
I assume the function of the background section is to make the article more accessible to readers just jumping in to this point in the timeline. If that's the case, I think it is much too detailed. Primary statistics should be replaced with secondary summaries as much as possible. For example, consider the sentences:
- The proportion of day school pupils at private schools fell in Wales from 58 per cent in 1833 to 26 per cent in 1851. The Revised Code of 1862 introduced a system of payment by results, with grants based on pupils' knowledge of the three R's and attendance.
If these were shortened to something like
- "Between 1833 and 1851, the proportion of day school pupils at private schools had fallen. A system of payment by results, with grants based on pupils' knowledge of the three R's and attendance, had also been introduced."
Then not only would it be more accessible and engaging, but the word count would be decreased to be closer to the WP:TOOBIG guideline. Also, information which will not aid in understanding the rest of the article has no reason to be in the background section. Examples of information which I think is overly detailed and should be cut are:
- The founding dates and denominations of the societies that founded the voluntary schools
- Information about Welsh which is not highly relevant for understanding the "Growing acceptance of Welsh" section
I think in total, once these changes are made, this section should be cut by about a quarter. IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
The proportion of day school pupils at private schools fell in Wales from 58 per cent in 1833 to 26 per cent in 1851: What exactly is the proportion here? Day school pupils at private schools to Sunday school pupis at private schools, or day school pupils at private schools to day school pupils at voluntary schools? Or something else? Some clarity would help here. IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Its meant to be the proportion of day schools pupils, hopefully this isn't an issue now that the exact figures have been removed--Llewee (talk) 13:32, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
Teaching English was widely seen as the main function of working-class schooling and Welsh was often entirely excluded from day schools.[6] Excluding Welsh from lessons was not an effective way of teaching English.[7] The British government never forbade the use of Welsh in schools.[8] The 1862 Revised Code did not include Welsh as a grant-earning subject: I think these sentences need to flow better for FA-quality prose. Can you connect them together to create that flow? It reads very choppy. IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- I have removed some repetition and combined two sentences together.
The 1868, Taunton Commission identified 28 boys' grammar schools with combined student numbers of 1,100: Is the Taunton Commission especially notable or unreliable? If not I see no reason just to cut the name and just state the fact. IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
The National Commercial Directory (1835) by Pigot & Co noted 96 private boarding schools in Wales: Same here with the dictionary name and company name. IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
Terminology
This first paragraph reads more like a bullet list of facts rather than well-written prose. It would flow much better if related sentences were joined in a non-editorializing way. For example, these two sentences are both about the groupings of students:
- Young children in elementary schools were referred to as infants. Older pupils were grouped into six standards.
They could be connected with
- Young children in elementary schools were referred to as infants, while older pupils were grouped into six standards. IAWW (talk) 09:41, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- I have gone through the section and attempted to smooth out the wording.--Llewee (talk) 17:33, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
In the 19th century, schools created by the National Society, British Society and school boards were respectively known as National, British and Board schools: Are these elementary schools? If so, could you make this clearer? If not, I don't think it should be situated in the paragraph about elementary education. IAWW (talk) 09:41, 6 April 2026 (UTC) I've clarified that the National and British schools were elementary in the "Welsh education in the early- to mid-19th century" section.--Llewee (talk) 17:21, 18 April 2026 (UTC) Young children in elementary schools were referred to as infants: This is not strictly accurate, as the source says those below the first standard were considered infants, regardless of age. Maybe introduce the standards first and then explain the term infants referring to those below the first standard. IAWW (talk) 09:41, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
Historical context, 1870—1939
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland—comprising Wales, England, Ireland and Scotland—had been established in 1800: "established in 1800" is a little inaccurate as the laws came into effect in 1801. IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
Maude Morgan Thomas, whose family immigrated to the United States when she was a young girl in 1912,[42] recalled the street where she was born in Pontypool:[43] The houses showed trim faces to the street. Slate roofs gleamed, windows glistened and a general air of neatness and a well-scrubbed look attested to the Welsh passion for cleanliness. Housewives were especially proud of the appearance of their front doors. Brass knockers and letter slots were always gleaming, and the doorsteps were always immaculately white ... And certainly no caller, no matter how early he came, could complain of her untidiness.: I think this is definitely overly detailed. I suggest moving all of this to a footnote or cutting it, especially since the source is not about the history of education. IAWW (talk) 13:35, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
I really like how this section mostly uses sourcing relevant to the topic of the article, meaning it can't be considered original research to add it in.
Laws, politics and administration
The 1902 Education Act abolished School Boards and replaced them with local education authorities (LECs).: Where did the acronym "LECs" come from? There's no acronym used in the source, and the Wiki article on them uses the acronym "LEAs". IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- I don't have access to all the sources at the moment but I have checked the history of the inspectorate and it uses the term LEA. I have therefore assumed it was a mistake and changed it.--Llewee (talk) 14:58, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
According to historian W. B. Stephens, the Elementary Education Act 1870 began the transition to compulsory education and a school system run directly by the state. However, he also describes it as a compromise which only started that process: As much as I love summary statements like this, I don't think this is fully supported by the source. The source does not support that the Act "began" the transition (in fact, it states it was "another step" toward secularization and state control), and it does not support the contrasting "However" (see the last paragraph of WP:EDITORIAL). IAWW (talk) 18:02, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
The bill was considered a disappointment by many Welsh Nonconformists: "Many Welsh Nonconformists" is very vague, especially since it was Welsh Nonconformitsts who agreed on the bill at the conference. Can it be more specific? IAWW (talk) 18:02, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- The conference was before the bill was published and the bill did not meet what they wanted at the conference. I have moved around the text to try and underline that. I've also added some detail about the nature of the unhappiness.--Llewee (talk) 15:28, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
he also describes it as a compromise which only started that process: A compromise with whom? IAWW (talk) 18:02, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
the method proposed for opting children out of religious instruction was deemed inadequate: Is there any more information on why exactly they deemed the method inadequate? If the information exists, I think it is relevant enough to be in the main text, but given the length of the article it should probably be in a footnote. IAWW (talk) 18:02, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
denominational education: What is this? IAWW (talk) 18:02, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Schools aligned with a particular religious group (like this). I have added a link to Faith school.--Llewee (talk) 22:15, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Voluntary schools had access to less funding than Board schools, and by the end of the 19th century, were often in a poor condition. The 1902 Education Act abolished School Boards and replaced them with local education authorities (LEAs). These authorities were to be partially responsible for funding all state schools in their areas, including former voluntary schools: Were voluntary schools abolished then? This isn't clear. IAWW (talk) 18:02, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- My source refers to them after the act being "non-provided" schools. I can't find much information about that term but it seems that autonomous religiously aligned schools carried on existing (see Voluntary aided school).--Llewee (talk) 23:35, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
The idea of denominational Anglican and Roman Catholic schools being funded by the rates upset Nonconformists: This is the first time the word "rates" has been used in the main text. It's quite WP:JARGONy, so I think it should be explained or replaced with a more common word. IAWW (talk) 18:02, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
I love the use of cartoons as images. I think they really help the reader to understand the sentiment of the Welsh people at the time.
Private, charitable and specialist schools
20 such schools with around 500 pupils were located in Swansea in 1876: I think add "in total" to make it clearer they didn't have 500 pupils each. IAWW (talk) 18:40, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
They were often criticised by school inspectors; for instance, they were considered unhygienic: Is this referring to all private schools or just the ones in Swansea? IAWW (talk) 18:40, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- A number of localities are mentioned none in Swansea. I have moved the Swansea statistic to a footnote to avoid comfusion.--Llewee (talk) 05:44, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
No reason is given for why private schools were on the decline. That seems quite important to me. IAWW (talk) 18:40, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Added a bit about increased competition. The source implies that there was a link between the disapproval of inspectors and their decline but does not make clear what that was.--Llewee (talk) 05:44, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
The Waifs and Strays Society and National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children established orphanages for destitute children in Wales: Why is this relevant to the history of education? Did they have schools in them? IAWW (talk) 18:40, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- I decided to include that point because the source described them as a progression on the ragged schools. It is a bit of a stretch so I have taken it out--Llewee (talk) 06:03, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
I'm really loving the footnotes, which all seem to be interesting and relevant. I think it's much better keeping them in footnotes like this rather than cutting them entirely or having the article be excessively long.
- Yes, that was a very helpful suggestion by the person who did the review above yours.--Llewee (talk) 06:03, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
Attendance, teaching and discipline
Education officials believed that poverty also contributed to low attendance; including a pressure on some children to work illegally: The semi-colon should link two independent clauses; the second clause is not independent here. I fixed most the instances of this myself, but I'm not sure how best to word this one. IAWW (talk) 17:36, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
I think "Rhondda" should be linked. Also, should there be a "the" before Rhondda? IAWW (talk) 21:09, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- I have added a link. Rhondda tends to be prefixed with "the" for reasons unbeknownst to human understanding.--Llewee (talk) 10:13, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
The first college in Wales for women teachers: I think "female" would be more formal. IAWW (talk) 21:09, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- I think the word "female" has certain negative connotations. I don't tend to use it unless its not clear if women or girls are being referred to--Llewee (talk) 10:45, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
The first college in Wales for women teachers: I think the difference between these two categories needs to be explained in the main prose, or the different name carries no meaning. IAWW (talk) 21:09, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'm not sure what you mean here. Did you intend to give a different quote?--Llewee (talk) 10:45, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
I absolutely love the way this article is structured so far. It's really well broken up into topics, which I think makes it much easier to process than if it were chronological. It also makes it much easier to find specific information.
School buildings and equipment
In 1900, a slight majority were board schools and a clear majority of elementary school places were at such schools: This worded awkwardly, especially "elementary school places were at such schools". Is it meant to mean that a clear majority of elementary schools were at other board schools? IAWW (talk) 21:42, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Board schools were elementary schools controlled by school boards. A slight majority of elementary schools were controlled by school boards. Board schools tended to be urban, therefore larger, so were attended by a disproportonate share of elementary school pupils (about 65% in 1900).--Llewee (talk) 11:04, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
Schools in the countryside were frequently small and only moderately influenced by architectural fashions. Schools in urban areas often had elaborate designs that reflected styles such as Queen Anne Revival: This is an example of where two sentences could be joined to aid flow. I think the biggest area for improvement in this article is making it flow better. It reads so often like a list of related facts. I'm going to revisit this point after making my first pass through. IAWW (talk) 21:42, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- I've done this and gone through the "elementary school organisation" section making similar changes. I will do the same throughout the rest of the article as I go through.--Llewee (talk) 14:28, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
Note 27: HMI E.M. Sneyd-Kynnesley commented about a national school in North Wales he visited during the early 1870s, "there are desks for the upper standards only; the other children sit on benches with no back-rails: both desks and benches are evidently the work of the carpenter on the estate".: What is a "national school"? This term hasn't come up yet so I think it should be linked in this note and its first appearance in the main prose later on. It doesn't seem common enough to be worth an explanation in the Terminology section though. IAWW (talk) 21:42, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- An Anglican, national society, school. Its mentioned in the terminology section.--Llewee (talk) 22:56, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
Schools, especially those that had been built by the voluntary societies, were often in a poor physical condition;[146] for instance, being an uncomfortable temperature or lacking toilets and cloakrooms: The second sentence is not an independent clause here, so a semi-colon should not be used. IAWW (talk) 21:42, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
Revised Code era
The large majority of pupils passed the Revised Code examinations: What was the Revised Code? Could a sentence be added to introduce this? IAWW (talk) 18:13, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- A system of standardised testing. It's mentioned in the "Welsh education in the early- to mid-19th century" section.--Llewee (talk) 18:04, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
At the start of this period, inspectors: Similar to the above point, the start date of this period is never mentioned. IAWW (talk) 08:20, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
The large majority of pupils passed the Revised Code examinations: An exact statistic would be less vague. Is this possible? IAWW (talk) 08:20, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Johnes doesn't give a general figure but I have put some statistics in a footnote.--Llewee (talk) 18:04, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
At the start of this period, inspectors frequently considered arithmetic standards in Welsh schools to be poor.[153] Welsh speakers often found arithmetic relatively undemanding as it required less vocabulary than other subjects; though written mathematical problems given to older children could be difficult for them to understand: There's an unexplained discrepancy here. The students found arithmetic "undemanding", yet standards were "poor". Do any sources explain this discrepancy? IAWW (talk) 08:20, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'm not a entirely certain, its the sort of annoying descrepency which can appear when you use more than one source. I think Smith is focused on the views of inspectors. While Johnes is emphasising teachers' perspective and main concern is language issues.--Llewee (talk) 13:56, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
Should "the three R's" have an apostrophe? The wiki article on it doesn't. IAWW (talk) 08:20, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- This dictionary definition includes an apostrophe.--Llewee (talk) 13:56, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
This reflected a worry among Nonconformists that Wales had become a more secular society and Sunday School attendance fallen: Do you mean "as Sunday School attendance had fallen"? IAWW (talk) 08:20, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- I think "and" works better here. The source describes it as a more general trend that extended beyond the decline of Sunday schools.--Llewee (talk) 14:55, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
After the Revised Code
Payment by results was ended for the three R's in 1890 and for other subjects in 1897: A half sentence on why would be appropriate. IAWW (talk) 13:46, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
"English, Arithmetic, history and geography, music and drawing": Why is Arithmetic capitalized but history etc. not? I assume there's a reason for this and I'm curious. IAWW (talk) 13:46, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Some schools taught practical subjects, such as "needlework, laundry, handicraft, hygiene and school gardens".: "school gardens" isn't a subject. IAWW (talk) 13:46, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Morgan Thomas wrote that she found writing and arithmetic lessons difficult at her Welsh elementary school.[172] She recalled history[173] and drawing[174] lessons more fondly, while her first years at school were focused on play.[175] She indicates that pupils were taught to be polite and deferential to authority.[176] Girls were taught needlework.[177] Girls in Standard Six practised housework in a model house on the school grounds; a baby was brought into the school so they could practise caring for it.[178] Most of the children had voluntary piano lessons after the school day had ended.: I think this is a bit overly detailed and a decent chunk should be cut. Also, Morgan Thomas needs to be briefly introduced if she is completely cut from the background section as I suggested. IAWW (talk) 13:46, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- I have added an introduction of Morgan Jones. I am inclined to defend using her memories as the other sources are a bit weak on early 20th century elementary schools. I've reworded the section a bit.--Llewee (talk) 16:29, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
The study of geography, history, nature study: "Study" being used twice like this is not correct. IAWW (talk) 13:46, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Growing acceptance of Welsh
Note 44: It was not apposed to pupils being forced to speak English in order to practice the language: Do you mean not "opposed"? IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
The Society for Utilizing the Welsh Language was established in 1885; it was a small organisation but had a number of prominent and dedicated members: What did they actually do? IAWW (talk) 14:17, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- It seems most of their significance was through having friends in high places. I've tried to make that clear.--Llewee (talk) 23:18, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
British and Welsh patriotism
Note 56: for that grave is in the heat of every true Cymro: Is it meant to say "heart"? IAWW (talk) 19:09, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- The source says "heat" but the original textbook says "heart" so I have changed it to that. Llewee (talk) 15:36, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
Note 57: It praised Thomas Picton for helping Britain defeat Napoleon and Henry VII, a Welsh-born King of England, for establishing "the foundations of British unity and greatness".: The "for establishing..." bit tagged on the end makes the sentence not make sense. Do you mean "and for establishing..."? IAWW (talk) 19:09, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- That was what they were praising him for. I've put dashes around "a Welsh-born King of England" to try and make clear that isn't the main point of the sentence. Llewee (talk) 15:51, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
I think "Glyndŵr's rebellion" should be linked. IAWW (talk) 19:09, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Morgan Thomas described her elementary school history lessons as a series of violent stories—"Every page was red with blood."—about conflict between the mediaeval Welsh and English.[181] Dannie Abse, who grew up during the interwar period, remembered that one of his teachers appeared close to crying when he told the class that Owain Glyndŵr had been a hero and read them extracts from Flame Bearers of Welsh History (1905), a patriotic history book by Owen Rhoscomyl.: I think one of these anecdotes should be relegated to a footnote. I lightly suggest the Dannie Abse one be kept in the main text, as there is already some anecdotes from Morgan Thomas. IAWW (talk) 19:09, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- I think using specific examples is the easiest way of making a subject like this accessible to the reader. I would prefer to keep both here as the focus of the rest of section is on British patriotism so removing one of the Welsh patriotism examples could leave it a bit unbalanced. Llewee (talk) 16:41, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
At Fishguard National School in 1909, children lined up in the playground to salute the Union Flag being raised and sang British and Welsh patriotic songs before receiving lessons on the British Empire.[239] Welsh department guidance for schools celebrated the contribution of Welsh individuals to the British state.[note 57] A pamphlet from 1915 compared Glyndŵr's rebellion to the resistance of the people of Serbia and Belgium, Britain's allies, against the central powers' invasions of their countries.[242] A teacher working in Canton, Cardiff, in the early 1920s, who was a committed British patriot, aimed to combine the two national allegiances. She explained to the children that the Union Flag was flown in countries around the world "to show that it belongs to us and we are going to rule that land".[243] She taught her class about the importance of Welsh mining to the British economy and Royal Navy. They made model daffodils, learnt the lyrics to God Bless the Prince of Wales and listened to stories about Welshmen who fought for liberty.: I think this should be cut down significantly. It spends too long describing various instances of patriotism rather than describing the general trends which is the part that's relevant to the article. IAWW (talk) 19:09, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- I've moved the Fishguard point to a footnote as its fairly repetitive of the later content about St David's Day. I think the Glyndŵr bit doesn't really fit in the previous footnote or I would move it their. I think the Cardiff example is a useful way of showing how combining the two nationalities might work in practice. Llewee (talk) 16:41, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
Suggest delinking "Rhondda" as it has already come up in the text. IAWW (talk) 19:09, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Politics, laws and administration
the Charity Commission could reorganise existing endowments for secondary education in order to provide girls' schools: This commission didn't provide the schools themselves right? They provided funding for some other organisation/department to do it? IAWW (talk) 07:58, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- The source says that the commissions were responsible for reorganising the endowments (i.e ordering the money be used in different ways). The endowments were charitable gifts of money towards education, some of which were from people who had died centuries earlier.--Llewee (talk) 22:56, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
There were various private girls' schools in Wrexham, which advertised in The Wrexham Advertiser and the North Wales Guardian. The two newspapers also reported on prize days in the schools: I think this is probably overdetail. Why were there private schools in Wrexham more notable than all the others? IAWW (talk) 07:58, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- I wanted to give a specific example but it is probably better suited to a footnote.--Llewee (talk) 22:56, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
A small group were to prepare students for Oxbridge. A larger number were intended to provide more practically orientated instruction and send students to the Welsh university colleges: An example of sentences which can be merged to improve flow. IAWW (talk) 07:58, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Done this and made similar changes throughout the secondary schools section.--Llewee (talk) 23:59, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
They were encouraged by the Welsh department but some were unwilling: I originally read this as some parents were unwilling to sign the agreement. Could you make it clearer who "some" refers to? IAWW (talk) 07:58, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
Curriculum and conditions
No major issues :)
Continuation classes and specialist education
No major issues :)
University colleges
This led to the creation of the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, Cardiff and University College in North Wales, Bangor in 1883: The source says that the University College of North Wales was established the following year in 1884. It should also be "of" North Wales, not "in" North Wales. IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
Note 75: In 1922, the Welsh National School of Medicine was founded: The source says it was founded in 1931 IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
The University of Wales Press and Board of Celtic Studies were founded in 1922: The source says "The creation of the University of Wales Press and the Board of Celtic Studies by 1922", which isn't the same as "in 1922". This source says the Board of Celtic Studies was established in 1918. IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- The second source says that the Haldane Commission was in 1918 not that the two bodies were founded then. I have added that source and said it was created after WW1.--Llewee (talk) 13:59, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- I've gone through the universities section improving the wording.--Llewee (talk) 16:56, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
Political education
No major issues :)
Contemporary views
Some parents apposed subjects they considered irrelevant being taught at elementary schools: Do you mean "opposed"? IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- I've gone through the legacy section and tidied up the wording.--Llewee (talk) 23:11, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
Effectiveness of language teaching
Language change and influence of education
Historians and cultural memory
Sources
Health/formatting
I suggest installing the script User:Lingzhi2/reviewsourcecheck. It highlights some ref issues which need fixing. IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
I heavily suggest adding archive links to all the online sources. In a couple of years, some of the links will probably be dead. IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Links to Internet Archive website are great. It is rather hard to insert them by hand, so I try to use a tool to do it automatically: https://iabot.wmcloud.org/index.php?page=runbotsingle Unfortunately, that tool often times out or gives up ... I'm not sure if the tool is at fault, or IA is at fault. Having IA links is not required for FA. If the tool fails for me, I generally skip it, because Wikipedia runs the tool automatically every few months on most articles, so my FA articles get IA links eventually. Noleander (talk) 18:43, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
Source-text integrity and copyvio
Some preliminaries (not random checks, will do a full random spot check later):
[10]: I think you must have the wrong citation or page number here. IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'm not sure if the source numbers have changed but I have checked 9 and 10 which seem to be fine.--Llewee (talk) 14:12, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
[25]: This goes a bit beyond the source. Especially the "similar institutions" part. IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
[337]: Source says "by 1933 there were more than 4,000 students in over 200 classes." Not by 1924 IAWW (talk) 11:24, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
`
Oppose from Whonting
Echoing some of the above, while the article is very, very well researched and illustrated, the prose is quite dry. Looking at the lead: the sentences are generally stumpy and don't flow, either in the writing or conceptually, it feels we are simply reciting facts. The sentiment Bgsu98 expresses at User talk:It is a wonderful world#Wales is a red-flag - it should not be a chore to get through engaging prose, and if anything with more text the prose should be more compelling to justify the length. Whonting (talk) 04:59, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- I have gone through most of the article improving the wording. I still have the Terminology section and parts of the elementary school curriculum section to do which I will work through over the next couple of days. Llewee (talk) 23:46, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- Whonting, I have worked on the whole page and hope its a lot more readable now.--Llewee (talk) 17:38, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks @Llewee, I've had a look. It does look better, though in the lead particularly it still reads like a recitation of facts. One thing that is limiting flow is overuse of semicolons; control F finds 158. I'll take terminology:
- Elementary schools—primary education—were most of the Welsh population's sole experience of schooling.
- Good, punchy start, although I may add a bit to remind that we're in background, talking about the start of the period and a few words (more stylistic/preference), e.g.
- For much of the 19th century, elementary schools—primary education—were the only schooling most Welsh people received.
- In the 19th century, schools created by the National Society, British Society and school boards were respectively known as National, British and Board schools.
- Are these the only types or are there others? It reads like the latter, though a) if so we can make that clearer, and b) if not we can reword to talk about the types of school in general and avoid the awkward "In the 19th century, created by" framing.
- Pupils in elementary schools were first referred to as infants and then advanced through six standards; children often joined Standard One at the age of seven, but progression was based on academic performance rather than age.
- First here is at first glance ambiguous (chronologically, progressively). Leading in with progression being based on performance rather than age would make it clear why we are being vague with the timelines of different grades.
- Standard Seven was added in 1882, but some schools did not include this grouping.
- I would prefer some wording to the effect of "grading changed over the period" to exit us from the mindset of this being chronological background, and this could be tightened by just saying that some schools introduced it (it's therefore implied that some didn't).
- Respectfully, I don't think there is a need to "exit us from the mindset of this being chronological background". The point of the background section is to provide information which will help the reader understand the rest of the article in one place which they can easily refer to. The point of terminology section is to explain words which are likely to be unfamiliar but are useful for the reader to understand the article. Those words include the names of groupings in schools.--Llewee (talk) 14:47, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- Young adults sometimes attended elementary schools in the late 19th century; the upper age limit of elementary schools was set at fifteen in 1907.
- Here, the use of a semicolon connects these ideas, even as they obviously don't make sense together. If we are saying young adults (just adults in the source) were only attending in the 19th century, why would this be brought in when they weren't? What is Jones 1982 saying around this? I note Johnes 2024 is citing an 1862 text to characterize the practice occuring "throughout the century".
- The ideas do link together because they both relate to the top of the elementary age range. I don't think it is for us to start judging the quality of Johnes evidence. He has presumably seen multiple sources saying this and used that as an example. I have added a couple more pages from that book which support the same point.Llewee (talk) 14:47, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- Here, the use of a semicolon connects these ideas, even as they obviously don't make sense together. If we are saying young adults (just adults in the source) were only attending in the 19th century, why would this be brought in when they weren't? What is Jones 1982 saying around this? I note Johnes 2024 is citing an 1862 text to characterize the practice occuring "throughout the century".
- Whonting (talk) 07:02, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- Whonting, I have worked on the whole page and hope its a lot more readable now.--Llewee (talk) 17:38, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- I have gone through most of the article improving the wording. I still have the Terminology section and parts of the elementary school curriculum section to do which I will work through over the next couple of days. Llewee (talk) 23:46, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
Black hole
- Nominator(s): Shocksingularity (talk) 22:19, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
I have been working on this article since October 2025, and I feel that it has improved significantly since. @Johnjbarton and I have worked on editing the factual content to ensure all content is accurate and verifiable, and add sources from scientific journals (as new as possible, when relevant) to replace old sources from popular science websites. We have also cleaned up some information that was not within the scope of the encyclopedia. @Noleander and @Femke did a peer review of this article and helped clean up MOS violations and non-standardized styles.
A few notes, because I know these will be commented on:
- WP:PROSESIZE is currently at about 10,650 words, shortened from over 13,000. Given the scope of the article, I believe that this word count is appropriate.
- For standardization and to avoid extremely lengthy citations, each citation with more than 3 authors is capped to 2 authors et. al.
- Any claim that needs 3+ sources to verify all of its content is encased in a WP:CITEBUNDLE.
- Page numbers in citations: When a source is used only once, or the same page number is used each time, the pagenumber attribute within the citation template is used. Otherwise, template:rp is used.
- ID numbers on sources: As many ID numbers as possible are used.
- The Interstellar black hole image (without lens flare) is not a fair-use image; It is actually under a CC-BY license. However, the black hole image with lens flare is under a more restrictive license that is not allowed on Commons, which is why the non-lens-flare image is used.
Thank you in advance to anyone who reviews this article! Your time is appreciated. Shocksingularity (talk) 22:19, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- I made changes to the History to address the items raised by RoySmith for that section, except the last three items. Johnjbarton (talk) 04:13, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hey @Shocksingularity, I think it will be better to use Sagittarius A* image rather than Messier 87 image Abdullah1099 (talk) 16:06, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
Support Comments from Noleander
- I did a peer review of this, so I'll continue here with a FAC review.
- Prose size: this is a Level 3 WP:Vital article with about 2 million page views per year. So exceeding the 9,000 word guideline from WP:SIZERULE by about 18% seems acceptable.
- Clairfy/wording:
- For a nonspinning, uncharged black hole, the radius of the event horizon, or Schwarzschild radius, is proportional to the mass, M, through [formula omitted] where rs is the Schwarzschild radius and M☉ is the mass of the Sun. For a black hole with nonzero spin or electric charge, the radius is smaller, until an extremal black hole could have an event horizon close to [formula omitted] half the radius of a nonspinning, uncharged black hole of the same mass.
- These two sentences contain several important facts. The bold text should say For a black hole of the same mass with nonzero spin or electric charge, the radius is smaller. The current text puts the " black hole of the same mass" far away at the end of the 2nd sentence where most readers won't make the connection. Suggest make this 3 sentences by breaking the 2nd sentence into two; and adding words as shown in the blue text above.
- For a nonspinning, uncharged black hole, the radius of the event horizon, or Schwarzschild radius, is proportional to the mass, M, through [formula omitted] where rs is the Schwarzschild radius and M☉ is the mass of the Sun. For a black hole with nonzero spin or electric charge, the radius is smaller, until an extremal black hole could have an event horizon close to [formula omitted] half the radius of a nonspinning, uncharged black hole of the same mass.
- I have reworded this per your suggestion. Shocksingularity (talk) 02:35, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- Same green text as immediately above: "... until an extremal black hole could have an event horizon close to..." The word "until" reads awkwardly and will confuse some readers. I think it is trying to say "... in the limit where rotational speeds and charge are extremely large ... the radius approaches half the radius of a non-spinning uncharged black hole of the same mass." Or something like that.
- I changed this to As a black hole's charge and spin approach the maximum allowed value, the radius of the event horizon nears [formula]. Does this sound better to you? Shocksingularity (talk) 02:35, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ref Check tool says that Book citations are not showing city/location consistently: "Inconsistent use of Publisher Location (3 with; 23 without)". Probably easiest to remove the "location" field from the 3 book templates that have it.
- I removed the location field. Shocksingularity (talk) 02:35, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ambiguous: ... can be inferred through its interaction with other matter and with electromagnetic radiation such as visible light. There are two ways to read that: does "interaction" apply only to matter? or also to EM radiation?
- I changed this to can be inferred through its interaction with matter and electromagnetic radiation.... Hopefully that makes it clearer (that it applies to both). Shocksingularity (talk) 00:35, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Does the Evolution section need an introductory sentence or two? That section follows the Formation section, but it may not be clear to readers what Evolution section covers. Consider 1 or 2 sentences at the very start of Evolution section that say something like "After a black hole is formed, it may experience additional events or transformations, including merger, ... etc ..."
- Done. Added this to the lead: After a black hole forms, it may change through phenomena such as mergers, accretion of matter, and evaporation via Hawking radiation. Shocksingularity (talk) 00:35, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Merge Open questions section with Alternatives section into a "Future research" or "Areas of investigation" section? The phrase "Open questions" is a bit idiomatic, and in fact there is a box on the right side that uses the alterntive term "Unsolved problem" ... which is it? You and I know, but readers w/o native English knowledge may get confused by the two phrases. And the "Alternatives" section is also discussing an open question, true? To clarify for lay readers: Consider merging both sections into one called "Areas of investigation" .. (and "Alternatives" becomes a subsection under the merged section).
- Done. Good idea. Shocksingularity (talk) 00:35, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done for now. I've gone over the article, and I'm struggling to identify any possible improvements: prose, style or citations. In conjunction with the Peer Review I did on this article a couple of weeks ago: I'm leaning support. Ping me in a few days, around 17 March, and I'll make a final pass. Noleander (talk) 22:29, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Noleander: Pinging per request. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:30, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
Second pass
- I skimmed through the notes provided below by RoySmith and they are very constructive and useful. The article was in great shape a week ago, and it is even better now. That said, I'll see if I can find more suggestions.
- The turn of the millennium saw the first 3 candidate detections of black holes in this way... Word "saw" is confusing since it is in the context of detecting objects (seeing black holes). Should "3" be "three" per MOS:SPELL09? Consider The first three candidate black holes of the millenium were detected this way ...
- Reworded and fixed the number. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:00, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- This [2022] was also the first determination of an isolated black hole mass, 7.1±1.3 M☉ I'm not certain what this means. Could be:
- The first time they got the mass of a black hole without accompanying bodies;
- the first time they got the mass of a black hole far from any other bodies; or
- the first time they got the mass of a black hole with mass 7.1 M☉.
- I know it is not (3), but emphasizing the mass 7.1 is probably not needed and detracts from the point of the sentence. Is "isolated black hole" an important concept? If so, maybe add a couple of words defining it such as "without accompanying bodies" or "far from any other bodies"
- Removed the mass and clarified what the sentence means. The sentence in the article also kind of understated the discovery, so I adjusted the wording. (This was the first detection of an isolated stellar black hole whatsoever, not just the first detection whatsoever) Shocksingularity (talk) 04:00, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- This is a small thing: a couple items in "External Links" section are using Sentence case:
- 6-year-long study tracks stars orbiting Sagittarius A*
- Computer visualisation of the signal detected by LIGO
- 3D simulations of colliding black holes hailed as most realistic yet
- Fall into a black hole
- All the sources in the article use title case, so these Ext Links jump out (to me at least). The article is so elegant, it is a shame to have this minor inconsistency. Not required for FA.
- Fixed. Note that I did change some of the links in this section since, but I made sure all of the titles were titlecase that are now in the section. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:00, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- ... black holes do not themselves emit any electromagnetic radiation other than the hypothetical Hawking radiation, so astrophysicists searching for black holes must generally rely on indirect observations.
- Pointing out that Hawking radiation is extremely weak would be helpful.
- Mentioned. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:00, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hawking Radiation is 99% concrete as a theory, no? Maybe dispense with the word "hypothetical".
- I don't know if I want to remove the "hypothetical" just yet because Hawking radiation still hasn't been confirmed. Although the theory is certainly sound, we still haven't detected any Hawking radiation, and efforts to do so by searching for black hole "explosions" haven't turned anything up. Plus, the existence of Hawking radiation causes problems e.g. the information paradox. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:00, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- The word "generally" is not needed is it? There are no direct observations, correct?
- Removed the word "generally" because that is true. However, I'm not sure if I really like that clause, because it implies that the only way to observe/detect something is by observing its electromagnetic radiation, which is not true. I'll have to think on that and whether to remove it. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:00, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- Consider ... black holes do not themselves emit any electromagnetic radiation other than the extremely weak Hawking radiation, so astrophysicists searching for black holes rely on indirect observations.
- I don't really care about WP:CAPFRAG, but other reviewers might, so heads up: the MOS says "Most captions are not complete sentences, but merely sentence fragments, which should not end with a period or full stop. ". Article has some captions that are fragments and yet end in a period, e.g.:
- The M87* relativistic jet; inset is the black hole shadow.
- An M87* image with superimposed lines representing the magnitude and direction of polarisation.
- ... others? ...
- THis one is missing a period at the end: Two galaxies from the first billion years after the Big Bang. The galaxy on the left hosts a luminous quasar at its center
- Like I said, not a show-stopper for me.
- Fixed. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:00, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- In the section "Observational evidence" is a list of indirect evidence that may be a sign of a black hole. I was expecting to see "accretion disk" and "Jets" listed prominently as evidence; but they are sort of buried within the "Active galactic nucleus" subsection. Maybe accretion disks & jets only appear in the context of galactic nuclei? I.e. jets are only observed from a giant black hole at the center of a galaxy? Makes sense. I'm not suggesting any changes here; just thinking out loud.
- There were originally sections for "jets" and "accretion disk" in "observational evidence", but they were moved to "structure" because there were no sections on jets/disks there and they were more about theory rather than actual observation/observational techniques. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:00, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- That's all from me. Let me know when the above have been considered. Noleander (talk) 03:57, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
- The article is in excellent shape: prose is great, content broad and appropriately detailed, accurate physics, superb images. Happy to support. Noleander (talk) 07:02, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
RoySmith
I was watching the PR, so I'll jump in with both feet now.
Lead
- A black hole is an astronomical body so compact that its gravity prevents anything Is the defining characteristic its compactness or its mass? Maybe this will get clarified later on, but it's odd to have the first sentence raising such questions in my mind. The second sentence also uses the word "compact". I think the problem here is that there's a common English meaning for "compact" and there's a technical meaning for it as described in Compact object and they're not quite the same thing. So at a minimum, I'l link to Compact object, but even better would be to describe it in lay terms, perhaps "... so massive and dense that ...".
- I have linked to compact object. I am a bit wary about putting "massive" or "dense" because a black hole need not be particularly massive (at least in the lay sense of the term) nor dense. (For example, Andromeda's central SMBH is about as dense as water, at least if we are using the classical "mass/volume" formula, which may not apply for black holes.) Shocksingularity (talk) 03:11, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
Just as a heads up, WP:MTAU is probably going to be one of my main themes in this review, so expect more comments like the above. I have a technical background; I'm not your primary audience. You're writing for high-school kids, and lay people. Not an easy task to make a topic like this approachable to that audience, but that's the task you've taken on.
- In general relativity, crossing a black hole's event horizon seals an object's fate. Two comments here. One clarify that you mean "crossing inbound". Second, what does it mean to seal an object's fate?
- I have reworded seals an object's fate to traps an object inside. I am not sure how to clarify the "crossing inbound" part without giving readers the wrong idea (eg, that there is some way to cross outbound). Any ideas? Shocksingularity (talk) 03:08, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
History
- Michell correctly hypothesized that such supermassive but non-radiating bodies ... Here you're using "supermassive" in a generic sense. I think some readers will be confused and think you're talking about supermassive black holes. Is there a different word you can use here?
- Removed "supermassive". Shocksingularity (talk) 03:08, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- In 1796, Laplace mentioned ... See WP:SAID
- Clarified. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:08, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- published in a journal edited by Von Zach I'd give the name of the journal here.
- Journal name added. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:08, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- showed that the laws of electromagnetism would be invariant why "would be" as opposed to "are"?
- Changed to just "are". Same meaning in this context. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:08, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- Einstein predicted ... half of the lensing effect of gravity on light The use of "half" implies that this is precisely 50% of the effect. Is that correct, or is it just "one of two factors which cause ..."?
- Clarified. Shocksingularity (talk) 02:20, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ralph Fowler showed that quantum-mechanical degeneracy pressure was larger than thermal pressure ... explain what "degeneracy pressure" and "thermal pressure" are.
- Reworded by User:Johnjbarton to remove mention of degeneracy pressure at all (I agree with this solution, as degeneracy pressure is kind of hard to explain) Shocksingularity (talk) 02:20, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- In this period, more general black hole solutions were found. You talk about "solutions" in multiple places. I know what you mean, but I suspect most lay readers (by which I mean anybody who has not taken differential equations, i.e. just about all of our readers) will have no clue. So this bears some explaining.
- Reworded by User:Johnjbarton Shocksingularity (talk) 02:20, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- Roger Penrose proved that general relativity without quantum mechanics requires that singularities appear in all black holes this implies that GR with QM does not require that. Was that your intent?
- The article now clarifies GR vs GR with QM Shocksingularity (talk) 02:20, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- Almost every galaxy had a supermassive black hole at its center, many of which were quiescent What does it mean to be quiescent? Also, I assume it's the black holes that are quiescent, not the galaxies?
- Quiescent is now explained. Shocksingularity (talk) 02:20, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- Since the initial discovery in 2015, hundreds more gravitational waves have been observed by LIGO and another interferometer, Virgo move the explanation that LIGO and Virgo are interferometers to the first sentence in this paragraph.
- That sentence has been removed since LIGO/Virgo already are mentioned earlier. Shocksingularity (talk) 02:20, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- Andrea Ghez and Reinhard Genzel shared one-half I don't think you need the hyphen in "one-half". I could be wrong about that.
- Hawking's extensive theoretical work on black holes would not be honoured since he died in 2018 "had died", I think.
- Fixed. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:08, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- In December 1967, a student reportedly suggested the phrase black hole Is the student's name known?
- The student is unknown; this is oral history. Johnjbarton (talk) 17:09, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
(that takes me to the end of History; I'll work my way through this bit by bit over a few days)
Definition
- However, there are several other definitions that can be used to describe or identify a black hole, although they are not universally agreed upon by physicists. "Although" is redundant with "However".
- Removed "however". Shocksingularity (talk) 03:08, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
Properties
- these Schwarzschild black holes are the only vacuum solution that is spherically symmetric Give some short but comprehensible explanation of what a "vacuum solution" is. The article you link to is anything but comprehensible.
- I removed the sentence, as this is not insanely important and is a bit too technically complex for the article IMO. Shocksingularity (talk) 00:23, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- The total electric charge Q and the total angular momentum J are expected to satisfy the inequality ... There's a few undefined terms here: e0, c, G. Also, now that we've started to introduce scary equations, is there some way to summarize this for the lay reader? You say "constrained by the mass", but it took me a bit of looking at the equation to get to "More massive black holes can have more charge, and they can have more angular momentum. And moreover, each of charge and angular momentum eats into the other one's budget in some weird non-linear way". I more or less understand this stuff; a typical lay reader will have no clue what this means. Also, what does "expected" mean? Does it mean "We think this is how it works, but we're not really sure"? If so, say that. As for Black holes with the maximum possible charge or spin satisfying this inequality are called extremal black holes, if I understand extremal black holes correctly, "maximum possible charge or spin" is not really the right way to describe that. It's not "charge or spin", it's "combination (in that weird non-linear way) of charge and spin".
- I reworded the sentence before the equation to While a black hole can theoretically have any positive mass, its charge and angular momentum are limited by its mass, with this limit being greater for more massive black holes. Hopefully this explains the physical meaning better. I also added the meaning of constants in the equation, changed maximum possible charge or spin to maximum possible combination of charge and spin, and removed "expected" before the inequality (because if it violated the inequality, it would be a naked singularity, which is not a black hole anyway). Shocksingularity (talk) 03:08, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- Sagittarius A* rotates at about 90% of the maximum rate I assume this means "maximum as predicted by that Q^2 + J^2 < M^2 inequality from the previous section? Does that inequality have a name?
- I am not aware of any name, but I did add "possible" in front of "rate" to hopefully clarify it better. Shocksingularity (talk) 00:41, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- On the topic of charge, I assume we're talking about net charge? That should be stated somewhere.
- I changed "total charge" to "net charge" at the beginning of the section. Shocksingularity (talk) 00:41, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- A spinning black hole has angular momentum you've already stated that all black holes spin, so the logical conclusion here is that all black holes have angular momentum.
- Comment: Since the distribution of mass is unknown and potentially all located at a singular point, there need be no connection between rotation and angular momentum. However I do not recall seeing any published discussion of this. Johnjbarton (talk) 16:19, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- That uncharged limit is ... I had to do a little algebra to see that this is just the original inequality with Q set to 0. So you should explain that's where this comes from.
- Mentioned: The article now says this: By setting
equal to 0, the maximum spin of an uncharged black hole can be simplified to... Shocksingularity (talk) 03:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- Mentioned: The article now says this: By setting
- Most black holes are believed to have an approximately neutral charge, ah, so that answers my question above about net charge. Why not put the "Charge" sub-section before the "Spin and angular momentum" sub-section, and then you can say something like, "Since Q is likely to be close to zero, we can simplify the above inequality as ...", which also answers the question I've been silently wondering about, i.e. which of these two terms usually dominates?
- The charge Q for a nonspinning black hole is bounded by as with above, you should explain that this is obtained by setting J=0 (I assume it is; I haven't done the algebra) in the big inequality (and a little bit more reshuffling to make the e0, etc, go away)
Classification
- This is the first time you use the symbol M☉, so you should define it here.
- done Johnjbarton (talk) 18:18, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- Smaller progenitor stars, with masses less than about 8 M☉, will be held together by the degeneracy pressure of electrons ... the star will be held together by neutron degeneracy pressure I don't understand this. My understanding of degeneracy pressure is that is pushes things apart, not holds them together.
- yes. I rewrote that section then moved part of it to Formation and reworked the section. Please recheck.Johnjbarton (talk) 18:18, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- I'm not the FA reviewer, but it looks good to me. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:49, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- yes. I rewrote that section then moved part of it to Formation and reworked the section. Please recheck.Johnjbarton (talk) 18:18, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- greater than 10^9-10^10 solar masses ... once a black hole reaches 50–100 billion times the mass of the Sun Why the switch from exponential notation to writing out "billion"? It just makes it hard to compare the numbers.
- Now consistenly using {{solar mass}} Johnjbarton (talk) 18:18, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
Structure
- Regarding File:Anatomy of a Black Hole.jpg, see MOS:TEXTASIMAGES
- These jets can extend as far as millions of parsecs from the black hole itself most lay readers will have no clue what a parsec is, so define it here. To be honest, I'm not even sure what it is other that "a big unit of distance that astronomers use". Bigger than a light-year, I think? Yeah, looking it up, it's 3.26 light-years. Is there any reason in this article to use both units? Saying "millions of light-years" would be just as accurate as saying "millions of parsecs", and one less thing to befuddle the lay reader.
- Changed. Shocksingularity (talk) 00:48, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- converting its gravitational energy into heat and releasing a large flux of x-rays Is it important to say "flux" here? Would not the plain English word "amount" work just as well? Again, one less thing for the lay reader to stumble over, and the linked-to flux article is just going to be gibberish to them.
- Changed flux to amount. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:50, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- The temperature of these disks can range from thousands to millions of Kelvin I'm not sure, but I think the plural "Kelvins" is more correct.
- kelvins evidently per Kelvin. Done. Johnjbarton (talk) 17:27, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- In the Radius sub-section, you need to define all the terms in the equations.
- Defined terms. Shocksingularity (talk) 00:48, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Since the volume within the Schwarzschild radius increase with the cube of the radius I think you want "increases".
- Fixed. Shocksingularity (talk) 00:48, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
Formation
- Other more speculative mechanisms include primordial black holes created from density fluctuations in the early universe, the collapse of dark stars, a hypothetical object powered by annihilation of dark matter, or from hypothetical self-interacting dark matter Some of the commas here delimit list items, others set of explanatory phrases. I can't find where the rule is written down (part of WP:MOS, I'm sure), but what you want to do in this case is alternate between semicolons and commas.
- Observations of quasars at redshift z∼7 explain what z~7 means.
- Removed this altogether. Redshift values just identify how old a source is based on the expansion of the universe, and it is already mentioned that they are from less than 1 billion years after the Big Bang, so the technical term is not needed. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:53, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
Evolution
- Black holes can also merge with other objects It's kind of odd to start a new section with an "also" sentence, since it's not clear what the antecedent of "also" is. Maybe add an introductory, "In addition to ..., black holes can also ..." or something along those lines. Or maybe just drop the "also".
- Removed. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:02, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- As a binary of supermassive black holes approach each other, most nearby stars are ejected it seems counter-intuitive (what doesn't in this field?) that stars would get ejected. Can you explain this a bit? I see there's a good explanation at Binary black hole#Final parsec problem, so just pull some of that up to here.
- Changed "ejected" to "slingshotted", because the stars are being gravitationally slingshotted away (this is actually what causes the BHs to get closer to each other). I also added a wikilink to gravity assist. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:13, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- About 90% of this energy is released within about 20 black hole radii you don't need both abouts.
- Fixed. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:02, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- At a certain rate of accretion ... the black hole should unable to accrete any faster Why "should" instead of "will"?
- I tried to make this section flow a bit better. It is mentioned why they "should" (but don't necessarily do) a couple sentences later: However, many black holes accrete beyond this rate due to their non-spherical geometry or instabilities in the accretion disk. I have changed "should" to "should, in theory" and "however" to "realistically" to hopefully connect these points better. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:02, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- A possible exception is the burst of gamma rays emitted in the last stage of the evaporation of primordial black holes how long does that burst last?
- It lasts about a microsecond. I have added that into the article. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:16, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- black holes have entropy which scales with their surface area What does "scales with" mean? Are you saying it's directly proportional, or some other function?
- It is directly proportional, I have added a wikilink there. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:02, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- However, these conclusions are derived without a complete theory of quantum gravity, although it's weird to have both "however" and "although" in the same sentence.
Observational evidence
- Instead of the somewhat verbose "Detection of gravitational waves from merging black holes" L3 heading, perhaps just "Gravitational waves from merging black holes"?
- just "Graviational waves" IMO, done. Johnjbarton (talk) 02:38, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- The laser beams reflect off of mirrors in the tunnels and converge at the intersection of the arms, cancelling each other out mention and link to Destructive interference.
- done Johnjbarton (talk) 02:38, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Since then, one of the stars what is "then" 1995? 1998?
- cut all the dates Johnjbarton (talk) 02:38, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- a feature unique to black holes perhaps "the defining feature of ..."?
- done Johnjbarton (talk) 02:38, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- One such effect is gravitational lensing: The deformation of spacetime around a massive object causes light rays to be deflected, making objects behind them appear distorted my understanding (I could be wrong) is that in British English, you don't capitalize the word after a colon.
- done Johnjbarton (talk) 02:02, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
Alternatives
- the model for stellar-mass black holes assumes of an upper limit for the mass of a neutron star ... "assumes the existence of", perhaps? Or just drop the "of" entirely?
- I fixed this but may have broken other things in the paragraph. I didn't like "poorly understood" because the theories are well understood, just not validated. Johnjbarton (talk) 01:51, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
Open questions
No issues.
In fiction
No issues.
Review summary
OK, that does it for a full read-through. Despite the volume of items I've noted, I think this is in pretty good shape. The early couple of sections (say, before Properties) I think should be approachable by anybody with reasonable scientific literacy. It gets (pardon the pun) hairier after that, but that's OK and to be expected for an article about such an advanced subject. RoySmith (talk) 00:12, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- I'm very close to supporting this. I'm sure there's still lots of tweaks that can be made, but overall this is extremely well written and does an admirable job meeting WP:FACR #1 (prose is engaging) and of making a highly technical topic understandable per WP:MTAU.
- My one remaining complaint that's keeping me from declaring support is that this really is image-heavy to the extent that page layout suffers. As I've mentioned elsewhere, you should take a hard look at all of the images and figure out which of them really do advance the reader's understanding and which could be dropped without loss and/or reduced in size. The elephant in the room in that regard is File:Anatomy of a Black Hole.jpg. It not only makes a mess of layout due to its size, but violates MOS:TEXTASIMAGES as noted above. I really think it has to go. RoySmith (talk) 12:57, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
- Removed File:Anatomy of a Black Hole.jpg
- Removed File:Observing—and Imaging—Active Galactic Nuclei with the Event Horizon Telescope Fig1b.png because there were too many images in that section and that one seemed to convey the least info
- Moved File:LIGO measurement of gravitational waves.svg to the left so it wouldn't push down the EHT image past the EHT paragraph
- Removed File:Images of gas cloud being ripped apart by the black hole at the centre of the Milky Way ESO.jpg: has nothing to do with the content of the section
- Removed File:Rxj1242 comp.jpg: large image not needed for a phenomenon given one sentence of text
- Removed File:LIGO measurement of gravitational waves.svg from Gravitational Waves section of observational evidence: this image is already in the history section, and this section is more theoretical now. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:38, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
Current events
I just noticed Did Scientists Just Detect an Exploding Black Hole? in the NY Times today (that URL should get you past the paywall for 30 days). I don't know if there's anything in there worth adding, but take a look. RoySmith (talk) 20:46, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
TompaDompa
I meant to weigh in on the peer review, but never found the time. I'll try to do better here. At minimum, I should be able to find the time to take a look at the "In fiction" section (I am the main author of the black holes in fiction article). If I haven't got round to it in a week or two, please ping me. TompaDompa (talk) 23:39, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- I'm sure some of the FAQ hard core will object, but if we're going to do fiction, surely we need to mention the drink. RoySmith (talk) 23:57, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you for the feedback! I am currently quite busy, but I will work on those edits as soon as I have time. I just wanted to let you know that I did read them. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:44, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- In fiction
I'll start with looking at this section, and we'll see if I find the time to look at the rest.
- The section has a {{main}} template linking to Black holes in fiction. I don't think this section does a very good job at being a summary of that article per WP:SUMMARYSTYLE. The balance of different aspects does not seem right, and there is nothing about supermassive or micro black holes, for instance.
- The balance of sources used for this section strikes me as a bit peculiar. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia, The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy, and Science Fiction Literature Through History: An Encyclopedia are all high-quality sources on science fiction written by established experts on the genre, but the other sources are quite a bit more marginal (not counting Kip Thorne, who is a great source on black holes in general and if anything too close to Interstellar to be appropriate to cite there, but not really someone known for insights on science fiction more broadly).
- I will note that the source citing Kip Thorne is only for the ratio of time dilation used in the movie, which is pretty objective (if you do the math, you will find that he is right). Shocksingularity (talk) 02:44, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- It can't be right that Thorne is only cited for the ratio—what's the source for the Interstellar example apart from Thorne? It's not The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy, the other source cited for the sentence (and which was published in 2005, way before Interstellar). TompaDompa (talk) 22:30, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thorne is explicitly cited "for example", is clearly about Interstellar and black holes, so I'm confused about what the issue could be here.
- Can we back up to "the other sources are quite a bit more marginal"? Which sources are you doubting?
- Rodriguez, M. “Blame it on the Black Star”: Black Holes in Culture.
- Uncited; I removed it.
- Fraknoi, A. (2010, August). Science Fiction Stories with Good Astronomy and Physics: A Topical Index. In Science Education and Outreach: Forging a Path to the Future (Vol. 431, p. 526).
- 9 citations, but that is common among articles for teaching; I would move it to verify
Black holes have been portrayed in science fiction in a variety of ways.
which is about all it says.- I removed it altogether, I don't think we need an individual source for Black holes have been portrayed in science fiction in a variety of ways when the entire point of the section is to talk about the variety of ways in which they are portrayed. That is, the statement is backed up by the rest of the sources in the section. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:26, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- 9 citations, but that is common among articles for teaching; I would move it to verify
- Tayag, Yasmin (2019-04-20). "How 'High Life' Created a Black Hole That Looks Just Like the Historic Photo". Inverse. Retrieved 2026-03-31.
- Quotes from ETH astronomers, credible content
- Rodriguez, M. “Blame it on the Black Star”: Black Holes in Culture.
- We could lose the last sentence "black holes can feature as hazards " Johnjbarton (talk) 23:45, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Removed. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:26, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- It can't be right that Thorne is only cited for the ratio—what's the source for the Interstellar example apart from Thorne? It's not The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy, the other source cited for the sentence (and which was published in 2005, way before Interstellar). TompaDompa (talk) 22:30, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- I will note that the source citing Kip Thorne is only for the ratio of time dilation used in the movie, which is pretty objective (if you do the math, you will find that he is right). Shocksingularity (talk) 02:44, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- I don't think File:Interstellar black hole (no lens flare).jpg adds basically anything here. There is already the very similar-looking File:Black Hole Desktop & Phone Wallpapers (SVS14146 - BH accretion disk viz desktop).png in the "Accretion disk" section, and that's a better image.
- I added an additional sentence about scientific visualizations of black holes in fiction, and updated the Interstellar image's caption accordingly. I felt like it was useful to include.Shocksingularity (talk) 02:44, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- It seems rather odd to me to speak of "Disney's The Black Hole", "Christopher Nolan's science fiction epic Interstellar", and "the 2018 Netflix reboot of Lost in Space", but omitting the authors of all the written works.
- Added the name of some authors. Shocksingularity (talk) 02:44, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- The Skylark of Space should be in italics: The Skylark of Space.
- Fixed. Shocksingularity (talk) 02:44, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- "As black holes grew to public recognition in the 1960s and 1970s, they began to be featured in films as well as novels, such as Disney's The Black Hole. Black holes have also been used in works of the 21st century, such as Christopher Nolan's science fiction epic Interstellar." – this seems rather trivial, no? It doesn't say much other than that black holes have continued appearing in fiction and that some of these appearances have been in films.
- I removed the latter sentence. Shocksingularity (talk) 02:44, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- "Additionally, black holes can feature as hazards to spacefarers and planets: A black hole threatens a deep-space outpost in 1978 short story The Black Hole Passes, and a binary black hole dangerously alters the orbit of a planet in the 2018 Netflix reboot of Lost in Space." – the sources cited here not being my first choice of ones to rely on for something like this aside, this sentence makes connections that I do not see those sources making.
- Removed the sentence. Shocksingularity (talk) 04:26, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
I might take a closer look at the section later. I think it would benefit from some editing directed by the guidance laid out at WP:ANALYSISBEFOREEXAMPLES. TompaDompa (talk) 22:22, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
The section looks quite a bit different now, and not necessarily for the better. There are two different ways to approach a section like this one, given the existence of the stand-alone article Black holes in fiction. One is to cover the same ground as Black holes in fiction and serve as a much briefer condensation of that article's main points per WP:SUMMARYSTYLE (in which case the section should include {{Main|Black holes in fiction}}). The other is to cover different ground than that article does (in which case the section should include {{Further|Black holes in fiction}}), such as the points "Fictional treatments of black holes are [...] used as a mechanism for teaching science." and "Fans of science fiction art typically want the fiction to closely follow the science.". As it stand, the section doesn't really commit to either approach. Either way, the section is rather heavy on examples for such a comparatively short section (and the section should probably be fairly short as per WP:DUEASPECT). A couple of other comments:
- "Lynn Gamwell in her book Conjuring the void: the art of black holes used the black holes as example to explore how art and science interact." – the book title should be given in WP:TITLECASE, and the sentence is an anacoluthon.
- "Fans of science fiction art typically want the fiction to closely follow the science." – I don't think "science fiction art" is the right term here, since it usually refers to illustrations (cover art for science fiction magazines) rather than narrative science fiction (books, films, and so on). I am also fairly confident that this is simply wrong: science fiction fans are usually not only interested in hard science fiction (as the popularity of e.g. Star Wars and Star Trek attests to). This is also not what the source says—it says "Science Fiction enthusiasts are stereotypically, and perhaps ironically, overly concerned with the accuracy and believability of the science fiction films they watch.", which is significantly different.
TompaDompa (talk) 21:55, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Your general point: I agree. All I did was convert a random collection of claims into a verifiable random collection of claims. Black holes in fiction almost exclusively about depiction. I tried a compromise, let me know if it is getting better.
- Gamwell: fixed (I claim). Fans/art: I changed art to films. However I disagree about Star Wars/Trek: these popular works transcended exactly the "fans" part. I guess most viewers of Star Wars would not class themselves as "science fiction fans", thus the source seems ok to me. Johnjbarton (talk) 23:58, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- The new approach with a separate "depictions" subsection is an improvement, yes. That said, I think what you are saying about it being a "random collection of claims" is pretty on point—it's not much of a summary, and that's a problem. It is almost certainly possible to write a brief WP:SUMMARYSTYLE condensation of Black holes in fiction here, but it would look quite different to what we currently have, and I would question whether it would represent due weight for the overarching topic of black holes. I think it would be better to leave the description of how black holes have been depicted almost entirely to the sub-article Black holes in fiction. From the current "In fiction" section, I would keep the first paragraph, and from the "Depictions" subsection I would keep only (1) that objects with the overall characteristics of black holes appeared in fiction prior to the term being adopted, (2) that relativistic effects such as gravitational time dilation have been portrayed, and (3) that black holes have been portrayed as means to traverse space (whether as wormholes or otherwise). I would then incorporate those three points in the first paragraph, and do so without naming any examples. That could be two fairly short sentences.
- Maybe Star Wars and Star Trek weren't the best examples, but my point about science fiction fans for the most part being interested in more than just hard science fiction still stands (even in well-regarded works, violations of the square–cube law are commonplace, faster-than-light travel is a common plot device, and so on). More importantly, the source doesn't say "typically" but "stereotypically", which indicates that it might be a misapprehension (i.e. "science fiction fans are widely held to be concerned with scientific accuracy" rather than "science fiction fans are concerned with accuracy"). At any rate, we can't say "typically" where the source says "stereotypically". This issue would of course be sidestepped entirely if this part is omitted (e.g. by following my suggestion in the paragraph above). TompaDompa (talk) 05:05, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
Graham Beards
I am impressed by the quality of this contribution. I have a couple of nitpicks for now:
- The use of the {{clear}} template under Microlensing is generating too much whitespace.
- Removed template. Not sure why that was even there. Shocksingularity (talk) 19:39, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Reference 5 is used in the Lead alone and not under Event Horizon. This seems odd. Are the citations necessary in the Lead? (See WP:LEADCITE)
- I have removed the reference from the lead and moved it to the proper section. Shocksingularity (talk) 19:39, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
Perhaps more to come. Graham Beards (talk) 16:44, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Regarding the {{clear}}, I think it generally causes more problems than it solves. The real problem is too many images which starts pushing things out of whack starting around Direct interferometry. Perhaps not all of these images are needed? The "EHT telescopes observe from different angles" one, for example, really doesn't add anything useful. Note that MOS:IMAGEREL says
Images must be significant and relevant in the topic's context, not primarily decorative.
At least some of the image used don't really obey that. Or perhaps {{multiple image}} (especially withdirection=horizontal) could be used to get a more compact layout. Another possibility is to scale some of them down withupright=0.85(or whatever number works). RoySmith (talk) 17:08, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- I think the general reader will be thankful for the economy of equations. This comment is just to note that I have checked the ones included for accuracy and I have not found any issues. Also, I like the way the article balances established knowledge with more speculative ideas. I have reservations about the Further Reading section, and the External Links to a lesser extent. This is not an esoteric subject. Do our readers really need this guidance? I doubt it. Graham Beards (talk) 08:41, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- I have removed the "further reading" section and overhauled the "external links" section:
- Replaced BBC's In Our Time podcast episode on black holes (from 2001) with more recent NOVA episode Black Hole Apocalypse (2017).
- Fixed a dead link for ESA's black hole simulation interactive.
- Removed a link to Hubble information on black holes that does not really provide much more information beyond what is in this article
- Removed a Q&A last updated in 1995 that mostly covers what's already in the article
- Removed paywalled NYT article that is mostly about low-importance/outdated/already stated information
- Removed video of stars moving around Sag A*: we already have a video of that in the article, and the linked video is from 2008
- Removed "Movie of black hole candidate" video (the "candidate" in question was Sag A* and the source was last updated in 2002)
- Removed link to paper w/ videos of gravitational waves - hard to access videos, and we already have a video of GW
- Added link to black hole parameters calculator
- Added link to NASA simulation of falling into a black hole and explanation video
- Added link to PBS Space Time black holes playlist
- Shocksingularity (talk) 04:33, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
- I have removed the "further reading" section and overhauled the "external links" section:
- I Support the promotion of this candidate, subject to a problem-free source review. Graham Beards (talk) 16:14, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
Esculenta
Some comments, mostly about the physics: Esculenta (talk) 20:17, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- GRS 1915+105 is misidentified as supermassive. The "Spin and angular momentum" section states: "One supermassive black hole, GRS 1915+105, has been estimated to spin at over 1,000 revolutions per second." GRS 1915+105 is a stellar-mass black hole (approximately 12–14 M☉) in an X-ray binary system — a microquasar, not a supermassive black hole. "Supermassive" should be changed to "stellar" or "stellar-mass".
- Fixed. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:05, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Retrograde ISCO radius is wrong by a factor of two. The "Innermost stable circular orbit" section states the retrograde ISCO "can be as far out as about
". Per Bardeen, Press & Teukolsky (1972), the retrograde ISCO for a maximally spinning Kerr black hole is at
. The article appears to have confused the gravitational radius
with the Schwarzschild radius
. This should read
(or equivalently
).
- That was my bad, thanks for catching it! Fixed. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:05, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- The photon sphere radii for Kerr black holes are incorrect. The "Photon sphere and shadow" section states the prograde photon sphere is "1–3 Schwarzschild radii" and the retrograde photon sphere is "3–5 Schwarzschild radii" from the centre. Again per Bardeen et al. (1972), the actual ranges (expressed in gravitational radii
) are: prograde
to
, i.e.
to
; retrograde
to
, i.e.
to
. The stated ranges are wrong regardless of whether "Schwarzschild radii" is read as
or as
(the retrograde upper bound should be 4, not 5, even in gravitational radii).
- Fixed. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:05, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- There are incompatible unit systems for the charge bound. The "Mass" section gives the general Kerr–Newman inequality in SI form with the explicit
factor:
- However, the "Charge" section gives the nonspinning charge bound as:
- which follows from setting
only in Gaussian units (i.e. without the
). In SI, setting
in the inequality above yields
. The two equations as written use incompatible unit conventions for charge; one or the other needs to be adjusted for consistency.
- I was wondering about that charge formula. I tried my best to catch all the unit conventions but I guess I missed this one! Thanks for the catch. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:05, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Minor: "38% diameter reduction" for charged black holes may be misleading. The "Charge" section states: "The presence of charge can reduce the diameter of the black hole by up to 38%." That is misleading as written. For the event horizon itself, an extremal Reissner-Nordström black hole has a horizon radius of
, not
, so the horizon diameter is reduced by 50%, not 38%. The 38% figure appears instead to refer to the diameter of the black hole's shadow, as discussed in the cited sources (Zajaček et al. 2018; Zakharov et al. 2005). The wording should therefore be checked against those sources and revised to make clear that it is the shadow diameter, not the event-horizon diameter, that is being described.
- I was wondering about that, because I thought that it was 50% too. I guess I didn't notice the shadow part, thanks for catching! Shocksingularity (talk) 03:05, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Minor: event horizon formula in the note uses implicit geometrised units. The note gives the outer event horizon radius as
, which is in geometrised units (
). The main text uses SI throughout (with explicit
and
). This is not wrong per se, but could confuse readers given the conventions used elsewhere in the article.
- Internal contradiction on spin: earlier the article says Schwarzschild black holes have no angular momentum, but later it says "All black holes spin, often fast." In a general article, those two statements cannot both stand unqualified.
- Schwarzschild black holes are more of a theoretical construct than an actual astrophysical thing. In reality, all black holes spin because there are infinite ways to spin but only one way to not spin.Shocksingularity (talk) 03:05, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Newman solution misdescribed as cylindrical: the history section says Newman found a "cylindrically symmetric" rotating, charged black-hole solution. Kerr–Newman is stationary and axisymmetric, not cylindrically symmetric.
- Fixed. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:05, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Photon-sphere capture criterion phrased wrongly: the article says rays with impact parameters smaller than "the radius of the photon sphere" fall in. That is the wrong quantity. Capture is set by the critical impact parameter; for Schwarzschild it is b_crit = 3√3 M, not the photon-sphere radius 3M.
- I removed that sentence altogether, since it doesn't make sense to be in the photon sphere section anymore given the correction. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:05, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Wrong wikilink target in the M87 paragraph: the sentence about M87 links "galactic centre" to Galactic Center, i.e. the Milky Way page, which is the wrong destination in a sentence about Messier 87.
- Removed that wikilink, not sure why it was there in the first place. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:05, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Irrelevant supporting citation on GRS 1915+105: the second reference on that sentence is Eilon & Ori (2016), a paper on gravitational shock waves inside a spherical charged black hole. It does not support a claim about the observed spin of GRS 1915+105.
- Removed. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:05, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Minor copy-edit and markup slips:
- "gasses" should be "gases"
- Fixed. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:05, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- "progenated" is wrong and should be something like "formed from" or "produced by"
- "Sagittarius A*; The data had been collected in 2017" should not capitalise after the semicolon
- Fixed. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:05, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- "gasses" should be "gases"
Source and image review and spotcheck
Going to head up that given the scope of the article, I am not trying to review completeness. I see that many of the known luminaries in black hole research are cited, though. Some sources might need a ref?none. What's https://web.archive.org/web/20090423053437/http://nrumiano.free.fr/Estars/int_bh.html? File:BKLChaotic.gif needs some kind of source. File:X-RayFlare-BlackHole-MilkyWay-20140105.jpg doesn't appear on its source. ALT text and sectioning of the images seem OK. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:45, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Regarding "Some sources might need a ref?none" : A Ref Check tool is indeed showing several warnings: "Harv warning: There is no link pointing to this citation." Those warnings are mostly within bulleted (bundled) cites such as:
- 97) Coleman
- 126) Page
- 206) Philip Gibbs.
- etc
- I believe that is an artifact of the bullets: the Ref Check tool cannot parse the bullets properly and issues those false-positive warnings. Noleander (talk) 18:10, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- BKLChaotic is the uploader's own work, which is why it doesn't have a source. I'll look into the others. Shocksingularity (talk) 00:46, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- I am unable to find this image in the article now. Johnjbarton (talk) 15:37, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
Regarding File:BKLChaotic.gif, I meant a source saying that the black hole behaviour actually resembles this graph. Anyhow, since a spotcheck was asked for, here's one for this version:
- 5 OK
- 30 OK
- 35 OK
- 77 I know I'll sound ridiculous, but what is the name of Sagittarius A* in these tables?
- 96 Might need a source that says a black hole actually gains mass during accretion (white dwarfs sometimes lose it). I mean, the reverse would be unphysical but it's not a common knowledge á la conservation of energy
- 123 OK
- 126 OK although I wonder if MDPI is a good source here.
- 140 OK
- 149 Is this applicable outside of Bonnor–Vaidya spacetime, or is this distinction irrelevant?
- 158 OK
- 178 OK
- 226 OK. Been always wondering if we can actually assume black-bodiness for this radiation (e.g in charged black holes) or not.
- 232 Where does it say that no such flashes have been observed? Might also want to tag the statement with an "as of 2025"
- 242 OK
- 245 I kinda worry this source is one theory among several, and thus not quite strong enough to support the claim.
- 254 Might want to use a source that explicitly mentions an observed binary black hole.
- 256 OK
- 292 OK
- 298 Need a quote.
Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:36, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- For BKLChaotic, per the BKL Singularity page it says that the video was created in Mathematica using equation 35 of the article. I am not sure exactly where they found this equation, but I did find a similar equation (2.42) in this paper. I suspect they may be mathematically the same but I am not positive yet because there is a lot of notation and prior steps to dig through. I will look into it further to see if I can find a source that specifically uses the formula given in the WP article. Shocksingularity (talk) 03:03, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- 77: Sgr A* (10th row of the table, dimensionless spin parameter is given in column four (J))
- 126: What is MDPI?
- 149: Yes. The part of this source that's verifying the claim is actually section 2.1 which discusses the radius of the photon sphere in Reissner-Nordstrom spacetime
- 232: Interestingly, the final phase of the evaporation of a black hole is potentially observable if a population of black holes exists with masses significantly lighter than those of stellar origin implies that we have not yet observed one (or they would not have used "potentially").
- 245: What do you mean by "theory" here?
- 254: Source already mentions that LIGO has observed merging BBHs: Since its first historic detection, LIGO has discovered dozens more gravitational waves generated by merging black holes, a few colliding neutron stars and neutron star/black hole mergers, and even some 'mystery' events... Shocksingularity (talk) 03:24, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- MDPI is very uneven. I don't reject them out of hand, but some editors do. A lot of almost fringe but also some reviews on less popular topics. Johnjbarton (talk) 04:39, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Means that there are multiple possible neutron star EoSes and thus multiple theories on the maximum mass of a neutron star; unless we've established the One True NS EoS we can't cherrypick one of them. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 10:02, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- True, but the TOV limit represents the maximum mass of a neutron star. It is not part of any theory of a specific equation of state, although getting a better idea of a NS EOS would narrow it down. So regardless of what NS EOS is true, the statement still holds. Shocksingularity (talk) 01:51, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- 299
Source Verifier
I ran the experimental Source Verifier resulting in this Report. The tool has several technological limitations. Supported claims are typical OK but the partial/unsupported ones are really just a list of issues to check.
- What do the green-check-done notations mean? Does that mean you've manually verified those entries? RoySmith (talk) 13:40, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yes exactly, thanks. I added these marks in manual edits after the Report was created. The Report has a link to version scanned at the top. But if you compare the Report to the current version some entries will be confusing because I made corresponding changes. Johnjbarton (talk) 16:15, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
Great white shark
- Nominator(s): LittleJerry (talk) 20:28, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
You've read that right. The great white shark is ready for the gauntlet. Special thanks to Macrophyseter and Noleander. LittleJerry (talk) 20:28, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
UC
You wait three hours for a species article at FAC, and then...
- I noticed this on the European rabbit article as well: the rather pretty {{Fossilrange}} template is absolutely useless when that range is less than about 20 million years – present. This one's not quite as bad, but it's very difficult to see the marker at all at standard screen size, and harder still to register that it is a marker (rather than, say, interpreting the chart to mean that the range goes from Precambrian to Neogene). I don't think that's necessarily this nominator's or this article's problem, but I think it's worth putting out.
- In an interesting coincidence, there's actually a template in the works by User:Chaotic Enby to deal with this sort of problem, but I'm not sure it's ready yet to implement on FACs/FAs. But there's hope! SilverTiger12 (talk) 19:18, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- The template is coded already at {{Period fossil range}} – I was mostly waiting to see if the consensus favored its original version with the bars stacked on each other, or the sandboxed one with the zoom-in, before we could officially mark it as ready for mainspace. I was thinking whether we should make a "Neogene + Quaternary" bar or even a Cenozoic one, and this seems like a good case for it! We currently have these per period, but many recent taxa extend back to the late Neogene, given how short the Quaternary is compared to every other period. Chaotic Enby (talk · contribs) 19:59, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ooh, that's good. Personally, I'm not sure a template needs positive consensus for use in mainspace -- WP:BEBOLD and all that. We might well seek consensus if we were going to replace existing templates en masse, and of course consensus may develop not to use a template in mainspace, but fundamentally adding one is no different in outcome to making an edit (albeit a very large, complicated and code-heavy one) in the page itself -- it's just that most of the changes are physically made on a different page. UndercoverClassicist T·C 07:33, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- The template is coded already at {{Period fossil range}} – I was mostly waiting to see if the consensus favored its original version with the bars stacked on each other, or the sandboxed one with the zoom-in, before we could officially mark it as ready for mainspace. I was thinking whether we should make a "Neogene + Quaternary" bar or even a Cenozoic one, and this seems like a good case for it! We currently have these per period, but many recent taxa extend back to the late Neogene, given how short the Quaternary is compared to every other period. Chaotic Enby (talk · contribs) 19:59, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- In an interesting coincidence, there's actually a template in the works by User:Chaotic Enby to deal with this sort of problem, but I'm not sure it's ready yet to implement on FACs/FAs. But there's hope! SilverTiger12 (talk) 19:18, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- I've implemented the feedback I got from other folks, and the template got a very positive reception, so I believe consensus is there! There's a Cenozoic bar, so something like the following could work: Chaotic Enby (talk · contribs) 14:54, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- Definitely looks like an improvement to me. We can carry on refining and improving, of course, but I'd 100% support pushing it to the article for now. UndercoverClassicist T·C 15:13, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- I've implemented the feedback I got from other folks, and the template got a very positive reception, so I believe consensus is there! There's a Cenozoic bar, so something like the following could work: Chaotic Enby (talk · contribs) 14:54, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- the largest living macropredatory shark and fish: what does macropredatory mean? Even for a reader who can parse it as "big" and "eating living things", the meaning isn't obvious (I had to look it up), and even then it's not particularly clear why it's a useful distinction (what's the alternative? Are non-macropredatory animals generally bigger?) It might help to give this space to breathe: something like "it is the third largest living species of fish, and the largest to feed on live prey; the two larger are both filter-feeding sharks"? Might have to move this to somewhere else in the lead to do that.
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 23:05, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- They are estimated to reach a length close to 6.1 m (20 ft): the last subject was "males": are we now talking about great whites in general?
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 23:05, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- I missed this, but as MPF says below, the metric figure should be rounded to 1 sf. UndercoverClassicist T·C 07:47, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- They said 0. LittleJerry (talk) 13:26, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- One significant figure: so the rounding to 6 we have now is correct. UndercoverClassicist T·C 14:27, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- They said 0. LittleJerry (talk) 13:26, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- They are estimated to reach ... The shark has about 300 ... White sharks: can we pick a lane on singular/plural? Personally I'm not a huge fan of "the shark eats seals" -- it makes it sound like there's just the one of them -- but either's workable as long as it's consistent.
- This is typical in books and articles on species. LittleJerry (talk) 23:05, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- On which: is it worth sticking to "great white shark" versus "white sharks"? I know we've said in the first sentence that they're the same thing, but part of me wants to interpret "white sharks" as a category of which "great white shark" is a member. See in particular The great white shark has had a fearsome reputation among the public. It is featured in the 1974 novel Jaws and its 1975 film adaptation, both of which portray it as a ferocious man-eater. In reality, white sharks normally do not prey on humans
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 23:05, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- Juvenile white sharks typically inhabit shallower water and cannot eat marine mammals until they reach around 3 m (9.8 ft).: the sharks or the mammals?
- I think its obvious. Why would readers think the mammals?
- It's grammatically rather than logically ambiguous (admittedly, it's not ridiculous that an animal would have a minimum prey size, but 3m seems rather big) -- more a matter of sub-optimal prose than likely confusion. UndercoverClassicist T·C 07:31, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 19:05, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- I think its obvious. Why would readers think the mammals?
- Though an apex predator, the species is sometimes preyed on by orcas: doesn't an apex predator have no natural predators of its own? Or is it a bit more complicated than that?
- The literature still considers it an apex predator. LittleJerry (talk) 23:05, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- I did some digging and found this article that explicitly discusses the phenomenon, calling them "coexisting apex predators" while also saying that orcas are the sharks' (only) natural predator. I think we're good here for the lead: I haven't seen how it's presented in the body yet. UndercoverClassicist T·C 07:45, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- The literature still considers it an apex predator. LittleJerry (talk) 23:05, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- White shark aggregations have attracted tourists who may view them ... in shark cages.: it sounds here like we mean that the sharks are in cages.
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 23:05, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- . As of 2025, it is estimated to have declined in numbers by 30–49% over the past 159 years: this is slightly odd phrasing. I would go for "it is estimated to have declined in numbers ... between 1866 and 2025".
- Removed.
- Major threats have included bycatching by commercial fisheries: I think it's still bycatch when we mean the action/process rather than the fish. Googling "bycatching" gets a load of results using "bycatch" like that, and nothing for the term itself.
- Changed
- protective drum-lines and gillnets along beaches: what's a drum-line and/or a gillnet?
- Linked. LittleJerry (talk) 23:12, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- Several governments have enacted protections for the species, including bans on catching and killing.: suggest adding it, although I like the idea of a ban on sharks killing people.
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 23:05, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
That's the lead: more to follow. UndercoverClassicist T·C 21:04, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- Juvenile white sharks typically inhabit shallower water and cannot eat marine mammals until they reach around 3 m (9.8 ft): see above, but this seems to be another candidate for false precision rounding: if the source says 3m, round to 10ft. UndercoverClassicist T·C 14:27, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 16:58, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
I can see that others have got their (multiple rows of?) teeth into the body below, so I'll hold off to avoid duplication -- could you ping me with the comments from Femke and Noleander are addressed? UndercoverClassicist T·C 17:51, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Okay. LittleJerry (talk) 20:24, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
I won't put my oar in too deeply until the others have finished, for everyone's sake, but a quick one I notice on re-read:
- is also present near the coasts of South America, but appears to be uncommon: this contradicts the map in the infobox, which says it may have been extirpated from there. That latter suggestion is not mentioned in the article text, as far as I can see, and therefore is not cited. UndercoverClassicist T·C 12:13, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 13:27, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
- UndercoverClassicist, how about now? LittleJerry (talk) 21:12, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Reading Femke's comments below, I can see that most (including several not marked, like "cephalopods" and "project" have been actioned, though I still have concerns here. This is, as she notes, a prominent article that can expect, more than most, a non-expert audience. It's therefore particularly incumbent upon us to make the prose clear to them, and I don't think we're doing that effectively at the moment. A few passages that I found completely impenetrable, or suspect others might:
- Most phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data or anatomical features place the white shark as the sister clade to the mako shark clade with the Lamna clade as the sister clade to all others in the family
- This section's subject is already highly technical and there is no other way to put this without looking amateurish. I don't get the push to become Simple English Wikipedia. LittleJerry (talk) 21:35, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- If you look at the rules at simplewiki (for instance, their use of Basic English), you'll see that the suggestions in this review stop short far from what is required there. I'm sure I'm using more than 850 words, and that the text I'm suggesting is not suitable for children and people with learning disabilities. I'm trying to focus on a typical person without prior knowledge on the topic, who might be on the younger side (say 15), but not a child. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 08:27, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- This section's subject is already highly technical and there is no other way to put this without looking amateurish. I don't get the push to become Simple English Wikipedia. LittleJerry (talk) 21:35, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Teeth from the same geologic layer may exhibit significant variation in serration development and morphology
- That's pretty understandable. Its not jargon, but educational language. LittleJerry (talk) 21:39, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- I disagree on both points here. Clear writing isn't amateurish in the slightest: after all, any fool can make complicated ideas sound complicated. The tricky thing is making complicated ideas sound straightforward, but that's exactly what the FA criteria require us to do. UndercoverClassicist T·C 22:14, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- So now we're saying that "anatomical", "morphology" and "significant" are too complicated for average readers? I am perplexed by this. I need more opinions. WP:OVERSIMPLIFY states that: "It is important not to oversimplify material in the effort to make it more understandable". LittleJerry (talk) 22:29, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- I'd say 'significant' is an easy enough word, and not ambiguous in this context. Anatomical is more difficult, but perhaps can be derived from context if the context is clear enough. Serration and morphology are likely more challenging. Not sure how to reword this though. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 08:27, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- If I asked an average native English-speaking teenager what "morphology" is in the context of "morphology of the tooth". They would absolutely get it. You're confusing jargon with "official" word. We can't change Nasal mucosa to snot. LittleJerry (talk) 20:23, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- Snot is in an informal register, which I agree is unsuitable for Wikipedia. If we simplify register to span from informal, plain, to formal, Wikipedia ideally choses the middle register, which is easy to read but does not feel off or childish. That's not always possible. For instance, in English, there is only an informal and formal word for tummy/abdomen, and we might have to err towards a more formal word. When we have to, we should make the surrounding text easy enough to understand for people to understand. This light jargon might not need an explanation, as many people sort of know what it is, but only as long as the context is clear.
- Now, I understood this second example on first read, because climate scientists talk about coastal morphology. I can imagine that people without a scientific background would not know this. My guess is that about 30% of readers know what morphology is. I'm not sure how to simplify serrations (I saw a museum describe it as saw-like edges, which might work, but might be vaguer in some sense), but one step towards simplifying could be "Teeth from the same rock layer can differ significantly in their shape and their serrations". —Femke 🐦 (talk) 20:49, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- In addition to this, we should help readers understand why we're talking about layers of rock here -- the key point here is that geological layers correspond to (usually very long) time periods. UndercoverClassicist T·C 21:18, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- so I have to explain geology too? LittleJerry (talk) 23:39, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- If anything, the argument for explaining here is even stronger -- it may well be true that the median reader of an article about sharks will have a higher-than-average background knowledge about sharks, but we can't rely on them having knowledge of a different field to understand what we've written. UndercoverClassicist T·C 10:19, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- I literally changed it from strata to "geologic layer" so it can paint a visual picture. The average reader already associates geology with time. LittleJerry (talk) 12:01, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- If anything, the argument for explaining here is even stronger -- it may well be true that the median reader of an article about sharks will have a higher-than-average background knowledge about sharks, but we can't rely on them having knowledge of a different field to understand what we've written. UndercoverClassicist T·C 10:19, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- so I have to explain geology too? LittleJerry (talk) 23:39, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- "My guess is that about 30% of readers know what morphology is" How would you know that? You seem to be assuming that every technical word is unfamiliar to average readers. Technical does not mean its an alien language. They can easily enter the lexicon and I can guarantee that the average person is familiar with the term symbiosis. LittleJerry (talk) 23:38, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- It's a guess, so I don't know. I asked my partner, who has a PhD in an unrelated field, if he could explain morphology. Without context, he could not, with a bit of context his guess was that it means 'change' (you morph into something else). With the word symbiosis, I think the share of people who know what it means is higher, as it's a more common word that sometimes occurs in pop culture (symbionts in Star Trek for instance). With a simple enough context, that word might not need explaining. Most Wikipedia editors, and I suspect you, are highly educated and have read a lot. As such you might experience the curse of knowledge, where you overestimate the knowledge of others in topics you have expertise. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 08:20, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- In addition to this, we should help readers understand why we're talking about layers of rock here -- the key point here is that geological layers correspond to (usually very long) time periods. UndercoverClassicist T·C 21:18, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- If I asked an average native English-speaking teenager what "morphology" is in the context of "morphology of the tooth". They would absolutely get it. You're confusing jargon with "official" word. We can't change Nasal mucosa to snot. LittleJerry (talk) 20:23, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- I'd say 'significant' is an easy enough word, and not ambiguous in this context. Anatomical is more difficult, but perhaps can be derived from context if the context is clear enough. Serration and morphology are likely more challenging. Not sure how to reword this though. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 08:27, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
- So now we're saying that "anatomical", "morphology" and "significant" are too complicated for average readers? I am perplexed by this. I need more opinions. WP:OVERSIMPLIFY states that: "It is important not to oversimplify material in the effort to make it more understandable". LittleJerry (talk) 22:29, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- I disagree on both points here. Clear writing isn't amateurish in the slightest: after all, any fool can make complicated ideas sound complicated. The tricky thing is making complicated ideas sound straightforward, but that's exactly what the FA criteria require us to do. UndercoverClassicist T·C 22:14, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- On seperate note, I have quite a few copyediting points, particularly for the "Etymology and naming" section; the article could really do with a close read for MoS, grammar and stylistic consistency. I'm happy to give some illustrative examples later but an exhaustive list would be quite long. UndercoverClassicist T·C 21:24, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Illustrative (but not exhaustive) examples:
- In the "Etymology and naming section", we occasionally (Lamia) mark, but usually don't mark, words used as words. This creates ambiguity in phrases like "Australian variant white pointer": only part of that is a name.
- described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae: only Systema Naturae (which should have lang templates) is a title, but for some reason the edition info has been sucked into the formatting.
- Note a consists entirely of a string of lower-case Latin: it needs to be rewritten to be absolutely clear what it is (the translation of Belon's book title), and formatted appropriately. The following sentence of body text is impenetrable to anyone who doesn't speak Latin.
- The province of KwaZulu-Natal, via the KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board (KZN),: KZN is the abbreviation for the province, not the sharks board, and should be placed as such.
- Since 1997, the US federal government has prohibited harvesting of the white shark in US waters and any individual that is caught is expected to be released immediately: on first read, I thought that any individual that is caught meant any fisherman caught harvesting sharks.
- In 2009, white sharks were also given legal protections from fishing and capturing by the European Commission specifically Regulation No 43/2009: the end of this sentence is not grammatical, and I can't see any easy fix short of a rewrite. The Numero sign is always abbreviated with a dot, but that's not the biggest issue here.
- The "Bites" section uses single and double quotes variously (see MOS:SINGLE) and has a few easily spotted grammatical errors (e.g. Fisherman were the most likely to encounter a shark.
- an estimated 3–4 m (9.8–13.1 ft) white shark: needs a false precision fix.
- In other cases, the prose is grammatical but lacks the fluency and polish needed at FA: see for instance:
Prior to the 1970s, the white shark as a species was known mostly to biologists and fishermen. The release of the 1971 documentary Blue Water, White Death is crediting with bringing the shark to public attention. The white shark's popularity would increase further with the 1974 novel Jaws written by Peter Benchley, and its 1975 film adaptation directed by Steven Spielberg. The novel and film helped create the image of the species as a dangerous man-eater. Benchley would later express regret stating "I cannot rewrite Jaws, nor make an ignoble monster of this magnificent animal
- I think this is all very fixable, but it will require some close attention from a capable nit-picker: perhaps better done at PR than here. I would oppose promotion until these issues are fixed, as I think they are incompatible with meeting the criteria. Please ping me or reply if/when you've had a good pass through and are ready for another look. UndercoverClassicist T·C 22:31, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed all points except 3 and 8, since I don't know Latin nor how to fix the false precision. Mox Eden (talk) 03:47, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- You will need to make that conversion "by hand", ie without using the template. Gog the Mild (talk) 15:31, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed all points except 3 and 8, since I don't know Latin nor how to fix the false precision. Mox Eden (talk) 03:47, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Reading Femke's comments below, I can see that most (including several not marked, like "cephalopods" and "project" have been actioned, though I still have concerns here. This is, as she notes, a prominent article that can expect, more than most, a non-expert audience. It's therefore particularly incumbent upon us to make the prose clear to them, and I don't think we're doing that effectively at the moment. A few passages that I found completely impenetrable, or suspect others might:
- UndercoverClassicist, how about now? LittleJerry (talk) 21:12, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
MPF
- "The species is estimated to reach a length close to 6.1 m" — looks like spurious accuracy; change to 6 m, or if 6.1 m is an accurate measurement, remove 'estimated' and specify the source.
- 20 ft is the important measurement. LittleJerry (talk) 01:34, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- @LittleJerry Check MOS:METRIC. I'd suggest using {{convert|6|m|ft|0}} to avoid spurious accuracy. - MPF (talk) 02:12, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- "Though an apex predator, the species is sometimes preyed on by orcas" — Clearer wording "Though often considered an apex predator, the species is preyed on by orcas". This seems to happen regularly (see e.g. here), with GWS fleeing an area if Orca are present. That GWS are preyed on, however commonly or rarely, means they are not the apex predator in the ecosystem (the term "apex predator" is heavily over-used in popular writing for a wide range of predators that are not at the apex).
- They are considered to be apex predators in the literature. LittleJerry (talk) 01:34, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Check engvar compliance per the tag at the top of the page; I've already corrected multiple 'gray' and 'behavior', but I may well have missed some others. - MPF (talk) 01:15, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- This is US English. White sharks aren't found in UK waters. LittleJerry (talk) 01:34, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- @LittleJerry They do occur in UK waters, though only rarely; but more significantly, they are important in Australian and South African seas just as much or more than US waters, so MOS:TIES does not apply; therefore, MOS:RETAIN does apply. I just checked the history of the page (back to 2006), and it was using 'behaviour' spelling pretty consistently in the early days of the page. The engvar tag was added by @Mazewaxie in 2020 and reconfirmed in 2024; perhaps they can add their reasons for doing so - MPF (talk) 02:02, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- They are famously absent in UK waters, but I can accept Australian English. That's probably what it was made to be. Not Oxford English. LittleJerry (talk) 02:03, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- @LittleJerry They do occur in UK waters, though only rarely; but more significantly, they are important in Australian and South African seas just as much or more than US waters, so MOS:TIES does not apply; therefore, MOS:RETAIN does apply. I just checked the history of the page (back to 2006), and it was using 'behaviour' spelling pretty consistently in the early days of the page. The engvar tag was added by @Mazewaxie in 2020 and reconfirmed in 2024; perhaps they can add their reasons for doing so - MPF (talk) 02:02, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- This is US English. White sharks aren't found in UK waters. LittleJerry (talk) 01:34, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- Alt text shouldn't replicate captions
- File:Great_white_shark_size_comparison.svg: what's the source of the data used for this comparison?
- File:The_American_Museum_journal_(c1900-(1918))_(17973126708).jpg: is a more specific tag available?
- File:Lamna_nasus.jpg: source link is dead. Ditto File:Isurus_oxyrinchus.jpg
- File:Carcharodon_carcharias_skeleton.jpg needs a US tag and author date of death
- File:White_shark_Pacific.png: see MOS:COLOUR. Nikkimaria (talk) 04:36, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed all. LittleJerry (talk) 21:14, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
Support Comments from Noleander
- I did a Peer Review on this - I'll follow that up with some comments here in FAC.
- Images in the article are superlative.
- Images: Can an image be placed into the Conservation section? That section is a big wall of text with no pics. MOS:SECTIONLOC says that images are not required to relate to the section they are placed in: "An image should generally be placed in the most relevant article section; if this is not possible, try not to place an image too early, i.e., far ahead of the text discussing what the image illustrates, if this could puzzle the reader. "
- Couldn't find a suitable pic. File:Atlantic Shark Institute White Shark Capture.webp probably needs to be deleted as there is no evidence that it is free to use. LittleJerry (talk) 13:26, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Needed word? "The great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), also known as the white shark, white pointer, or simply great white..." is "great white" so different than "white shark" or "white pointer" to deserve a "simply"?
- Removed. LittleJerry (talk) 13:26, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Unusual phrasing: "The white shark has had a fearsome reputation among the public..." Not sure exactly what that choice of words is trying to imply ... are those words suggesting that the shark no longer has a fearsome reputation? My gut feeling is that it is still feared thanks to Jaws & Shark Week. Can the word "had" be eliminated?
- Removed. LittleJerry (talk) 13:26, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Word raises questions: "The white shark is the sole recognized extant species in the genus ...". The word "recognized" suggests that there is some controversy, as if some scientists have tried to add more species into the genus and were rebuffed. If that is not the case, consider removing the word. If it is the case, add some details about the dispute.
- Removed. LittleJerry (talk) 13:26, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Only 1 of 7 books contains city of publication: Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Francis, Malcolm; Dunn, M. R.; Finucci, Brit; Ford, Richard; Hitchmough, Rod; Rolfe, Jeremy (2018). Conservation Status of New Zealand Chondrichthyans (Chimaeras, Sharks and Rays), 2016 (PDF). Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. For uniformity, suggest removing the city so it uses same pattern as other books cited.
- Removed. LittleJerry (talk) 13:26, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Alt text for wrong animal: "A world map shows killer whales are found throughout every ocean, except parts of the Arctic. They are also absent from the Black and Baltic seas."
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 13:26, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Better word? "... being dwarfed only by the whale shark and basking shark...." Sounds a bit sensational and may have misleading connotations. I know those other two fish are a lot bigger, but consider a plainer wording. e.g. ... but it is smaller than both the whale shark and the basking shark
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 13:26, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Word needed? "The white shark is considered to be one of the largest living sharks and fish, ..." Is "considered to be" needed?
- Removed. LittleJerry (talk) 13:26, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- No need for quote marks: ...and the species' genome shows "positive selection in key genes involved in the wound-healing process" ... Unless that author is saying something controversial, that fact should be stated in the encyclopedia's voice. You may need to change a few words or re-arrange to avoid overly-close paraphrasing.
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 13:26, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Some cites have a very long list of authors e.g. Huveneers, C.; Apps, K.; Becerril-García, E. E.; Bruce, B.; Butcher, P. A.; Carlisle, A. B.; Chapple, T. K.; Christiansen, H. M.; Cliff, G.; Curtis, T. H.; Daly-Engel, T. S.; Dewar, H.; Dicken, M. L.; Domeier, M. L.; Duffy, C. A. J.; Ford, R.; Francis, M. P.; French, G. C. A.; Galván-Magaña, F.; García-Rodríguez, E.; Gennari, E.; Graham, B.; Hayden, B.; Hoyos-Padilla, E. M.; Hussey, N. E.; Jewell, O. J. D.; Jorgensen, S. J.; Kock, A. A.; Lowe, C. G.; Lyons, K.; Meyer, L.; Oelofse, G.; Oñate-González, E. C.; Oosthuizen, H.; O'Sullivan, J. B.; Ramm, K.; Skomal, G.; Sloan, S.; Smale, M. J.; Sosa-Nishizaki, O.; Sperone, E.; Tamburin, E.; Towner, A. V.; Wcisel, M. A.; Weng, K. C.; Werry, J. M.
- Listing all authors is not required in WP cites, and looks ugly, IMHO. Consider providing just one or two authors then have "et al" using this:
| last1 = Huveneers | first1 = C. | display-authors=etal
- That is adequate for this encyclopedia's needs.
- I'm pretty sure we have to cite all of them. LittleJerry (talk) 13:26, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- It's your choice ... doesn't impact FA approval or not. But using "et al" is common in WP citations, even in FA articles. Noleander (talk) 14:26, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- It's common in the footnotes -- but it's usual and probably important to have the full citation somewhere on the page. This article uses only a single list of references, which makes that approach less practical: it would need to have a separate "works cited" or "bibliography". I don't think I've seen an FA which only lists sources as e.g. "Smith et al". UndercoverClassicist T·C 14:53, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- I've been looking for a WP guideline that covers this issue, but I cannot find one. I know that lots of FA articles use "et al" (even for sources cited only once). For example, the Sun article uses "et al" ten times. I've used "et al" a few times in my FA articles, because I'm too lazy to type all the names, and because I think a huge name list looks ugly. It seems like an encyclopedia should not have to follow the same citation rigor as an academic journal (where tenure requires getting named). That said, I'd have no problem complying with a WP guideline that told me that a full name list was required at least once. Noleander (talk) 15:04, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- I suppose it becomes less of a drama the more bibliographic information is provided -- if you have e.g. date, journal, volume, pages and a link, there's no real obscurity and no real problem. If you leave off information that readers would need to track down the original source, that is a problem. UndercoverClassicist T·C 15:19, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- I've been looking for a WP guideline that covers this issue, but I cannot find one. I know that lots of FA articles use "et al" (even for sources cited only once). For example, the Sun article uses "et al" ten times. I've used "et al" a few times in my FA articles, because I'm too lazy to type all the names, and because I think a huge name list looks ugly. It seems like an encyclopedia should not have to follow the same citation rigor as an academic journal (where tenure requires getting named). That said, I'd have no problem complying with a WP guideline that told me that a full name list was required at least once. Noleander (talk) 15:04, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- It's common in the footnotes -- but it's usual and probably important to have the full citation somewhere on the page. This article uses only a single list of references, which makes that approach less practical: it would need to have a separate "works cited" or "bibliography". I don't think I've seen an FA which only lists sources as e.g. "Smith et al". UndercoverClassicist T·C 14:53, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Caption accuracy White shark near two surfers off southern California That is one surfer and one one paddleboarder. Not sure how to re-word it. "Two humans"? "Two people"?
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 15:34, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Wording There is some fear that interactions with tourists could affect the sharks' behavior. Is "concern" a better word?
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 15:34, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Wording "...of anglers doing such activity and ..." Reads a bit awkwardly. Not sure how to improve it.
- Removed. LittleJerry (talk) 15:34, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Quotes within quotes: "Not All Sharks Are "Swimming Noses": Variation in Olfactory Bulb Size in Cartilaginous Fishes". MOS says to use single quotes for a quote within a longer quote (and that overrides the fact that the source's own title had double quotes) ... so: "Not All Sharks Are 'Swimming Noses': Variation in Olfactory Bulb Size in Cartilaginous Fishes".
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 15:34, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Overall: compliance with MOS meets FA criteria (with a few exceptions noted above)
- Overall: prose quality meets FA criteria (with a few exceptions noted above). I'm sure other reviewers can spot some additional improvements.
- Breadth/depth: I am not a fish expert, so I cannot assess if all appropriate material is included. But from a lay persons viewpoint: the article answers all my questions.
- Cites/sources: Formatting and quality meet FA criteria.
- That is all I have for now. Leaning support. Notify me when the above have been considered, and I'll make a 2nd pass. Noleander (talk) 15:25, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Noleander, done. LittleJerry (talk) 20:24, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Second pass
- Wording The overwhelming majority of fossils as a result are teeth. A bit awkward. Consider As a result, the overwhelming majority of fossils are teeth.
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Simplify Another white shark from South Africa was tracked and documented swimming to ... can "and documented" be removed?
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Wording ... and may dive to depths of up to 1,300 m (4,300 ft) but are typically closer to the surface. consider ... are typically found close to the surface but may dive to depths of up to 1,300 m (4,300 ft).
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fact or not? White sharks are said to prefer prey with high fat content, ... Who says they prefer high fat food? Scientists? is that fact in dispute?
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Verbose: ... to concede via the most tenacious splashing, which appears to be determined by a cumulative signal strength of vigor and strength The bolded text seems a bit clunky; and is perhaps unneeded?
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Scare quotes: ... have implemented "shark control" programs (shark culling) to reduce... Consider ... have implemented shark culling programs to reduce...
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Clarify: A 2018 study of sharks off eastern Australia and New Zealand found that juveniles had a survival rate of over 70%, while adults survived at a rate of over 90%. I'm not sure what "survival rate" means here. Does the juvenile 70% mean that 70% of juveniles typically survive to adulthood? That makes sense. The 90% for adults is confusing: does it mean that 90% of adults survive until ... what? old age?
- It doesn't say. It is probably old age. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- No need to say it came from a study: A 2024 metastudy concluded that white sharks ... I suppose 99% of the fact in the article come from a study. Unless there is some dispute about the fact, no reason to tell the reader that a metastudy was conducted. Consider moving "metastudy was conducted" into an efn footnote?
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Precise or not? ...but can sprint close to 24.1 km/h ... the use of a decimal point: 24.1 vs 24 tells me the scientists measured pretty accurately, so the "close to" is confusing. Does the source support "sprint up to 24.1"?
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Clarify Increased observation of young sharks... could be interpreted to mean "more scientists are watching". Consider Increased sightings of young sharks...
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Clarify: There is evidence that the species can change pigments, adding melanin to blotches of white. - Change over multiple generations? Or an individual can change over its lifetime? Within a single day?
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Typo? ... Atlantic (which is known to deter white sharks)> and ...
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Its long gill slits do not reach around the head. Is that common? unusual?
- No idea. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Clarify: According to shark expert J. E. Randall, the largest white shark reliably measured was a 5.94 m (19.5 ft) specimen reported from Ledge Point, Western Australia in 1987. While unconfirmed, Randall states that the species can likely grow larger than 6 m (20 ft) in length" Does "while unconfirmed" refer to the preceding "5.94 m" or the follwing "6 m"?
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- I see reviewer Femke below wrote: "... the article assumes too much background knowledge. This is a topic a lot of folks will find interesting, not only people with prior knowledge about biology ... [ping me] once you've ... ensure[d] the article meets WP:MTAU ...". As a non-fish person, maybe I can help resolve that (valid) concern by pointing out some parts of the article that may be too technical. List follows:
- Lead: consider pinnipeds -> seals
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Lead: consider ovoviviparity -> delete word & use it as a wikilink for the following "pups hatching from eggs .."
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Lead: 4.6–4.9 m (15–16 ft) in length and weigh 1,000–1,900 kg (2,200–4,200 lb) while males average 3.4–4.0 m (11–13 ft) and weigh 680–1,000 kg (1,500–2,200 lb). - that is a whole lot of digits in the first paragraph (!) of the lead ... may be off-putting to lay readers. Consider deleting all of it from the lead. The killer whale FA article has no numbers in the lead.
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Etymology: aquatilibus duo, cum eiconibus ad vivam ipsorum effigiem quoad ejus fieri potuit, ad amplissimum cardinalem Castilioneum - If the book were significant, it would have a WP article. Consider deleting this book title (or move it into an efn footnote).
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Phylogeny: Body text is much nicer now than yesterday. Consider adding a sentnece or two at the end of the body text which defines "cladogram" and tells readers how the following two diagrams relate to the Taxonomy section body textz.
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- And have a Wikilink to cladogram somewhere, e.g. in the clad. diagram titles?
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fossil: piscivorous - eliminate and make it a wikilink from the following "fish-eating"
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Convert quote from source to encyclopedias voice (and plainer English): "became confused by Pleistocene climatic oscillations"
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Convert quote from source to encyclopedias voice (and plainer English): "white shark mitogenomes are informative about the species’ deep history but are of very limited use for estimating recent connectivity"
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Populations: A bit technical: This differed significantly from the study's mitochondrial DNA, which suggest older divergences and deep geographic structuring of haplotypes. The observed level of segregation far exceeded that predicted by forward-in-time simulations of sex-specific philopatry from the demographic model, indicating that neither philopatry nor genetic drift alone can explain the mito-nuclear discordance.[20] The autosomal divergences are assumed to have been caused by climate-driven oceanographic changes.
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Populations: consider elasmobranchs -> sharks and rays
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Size: Consider caudal fin -> tail fin (and add wikilink)
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Senses: nictitating membranes -> Consider adding parenthetical definition after this e.g.: (a transparent third eyelid)
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Physiology: White sharks are somewhat warm-blooded, or more specifically regionally endothermic.[67] This allows them to be active and hunt in cool waters, and one study found that stomach temperatures ranged from 24.7–26.8 °C (76–80 °F) in waters 12.9–16.1 °C (55–61 °F).[68] Regional endothermy involves a complex blood vessel system known ... Thoughts: (1) First sentence: eliminate "specifically regionally endothermic" and replace with something like "use a system of blood vessels to warm-up portions of their body" (2) Move the bunch of numbers towards the end of the paragraph; (3) introduce and link "regionally endothermic" in 2nd or 3rd sentence.
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Distribution ... will congregate in anticyclonic eddies ... Those two wikilinks are not too helpful. I presume this is what the source means: .. will congregate in the middle of high pressure zones ..., correct?
- No idea. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Diet: mechanoreceptors - Either define in parenthesis after; or replace with plain English e.g. " a sensory receptor that responds to pressure"
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Reproduction: claspers - Either define in parenthesis after; or replace with plain English
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Reproduction: lek mating - Either define in parenthesis after; or replace with plain English
- I already describe it. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Mortality: ectoparasitic - Wikilink or define.
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:48, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- That is all the improvements I can find. I think if you address some of the items above, that might resolve the "too technical" concerns, but - of course - I cannot speak for other reviewers. It is a great article!! I really enjoyed reading it, and I learned a lot. Notify me when you've considered the above, and I'll support the nomination. Noleander (talk) 22:14, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Supporting this nomination: the prose, MOS compliance, and cite/source formatting meet FA requirements. I have not done a source review or image review. The article is not overly technical, from my viewpoint as a lay person. This is a level 4 Vital article, with about 950,000 annual views. The article is interesting, aesthetically pleasing, and engaging. A great read! Noleander (talk) 14:50, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
Femke
Not promosing a full review yet, but my initial comments:
- I would avoid mentioning the order in the lead: As a member of the order Lamniformes, it is closely related to the mako sharks, the porbeagle, and the salmon shark.. It's already in the infobox, and it's jargon that some people might not be familiar with. Simply say "It is closely related to"
- There's three measurements in the lead. I would leave out either the sex-based one or the extreme one. You can't avoid the conversion to US units in the article, but these conversions do make the article look untidy if there's too many numbers.
- Link temperate -> mild jargon
- De aquatilibus duo --> use the lang template so screen readers can pronounce correctly.
- The white shark is the sole recognized extant species in the genus Carcharodon -> what is extant. Are there unrecognized species? If not, omit recognized.
- The Phylogeny section is overly technical. I've reviwed enough animal articles to know about clades, but that remains jargon. Is there a plain english heading possible? What is topology, clocks, autosomal, snp? Are lamnids lamiformes?
- White sharks communicate with each other through a complex array of body language. --> with each other is unnecessary
- two–to–ten pups --> this should not have an n-dash. Easiest is to use spaces, but you can also do 2–10 pups.
- Explain chumming
- I don't understand what a recovery score is.
—Femke 🐦 (talk) 09:01, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed all. LittleJerry (talk) 14:03, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- The first one is still open, and clade is not explained. The figure uses the term Lamniformes and the text Lamnidae. Are those the same?
- The article defines the difference in the first paragraph of the section. LittleJerry (talk) 00:57, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- The text around recovery is still unclear. To me, the text says it's both in decline and recovering. Does this mean the overall numbers are going down but in 59% of its range there is a local recovery? Or does it refer to different time periods? —Femke 🐦 (talk) 15:58, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Removed. LittleJerry (talk) 22:20, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- A more recent 2024 clock using shifted the range between 57.2 and 31.8 mya --> rm using
- Removed fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 19:32, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Pilocene -> Pliocene
- Fixed.
- Define mya on first mention
- Fixed.
- Sisten species?
- Fixed.
- chronospecies?
- Fixed.
- megalodon?
- Fixed.
- Almost 60% of the white shark's genome consists of repeated sequences and is relatively stable --> Quite a long paragraph. Can it be cut in half?
- Fixed.
- " became confused --> unnecessary space
- Fixed.
- A 2024 study states that "white shark mitogenomes are informative about the species’ deep history but are of very limited use for estimating recent connectivity". This autosomal (non-sexual nuclear DNA) study concluded that white shark populations can be divided into three major clades, --> My guess was that autosomal meant mitochondrial DNA, but this text implies it's something different. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 15:41, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed.
- The white shark has a stocky, torpedo-shaped body with a short, cone-shaped snout; long gill slits that do not reach around the head; a large triangular first dorsal fin, which partly lines up with the pectoral fins, and tiny second dorsal fin; a caudal fin with similarly sized lobes and one keel; and a tiny anal fin. --> Give the reader a bit more breathing room here, by making it multilpe sentences. Something like "The white shark has a stocky, torpedo-shaped body with a short, cone-shaped snout. Its gill slits are long but do not extend around the head. The first dorsal fin is large and triangular, and sits roughly in line with the pectoral fins, while the second dorsal fin is much smaller. The tail fin has two lobes of similar size and a single keel, and the anal fin is tiny."
- Fixed.
- Isn't countershading a type of camoeflage? Might be nice to highlight for those unfamiliar
- I already defined it. LittleJerry (talk) 19:32, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- You say what it is, but not what it's for. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 19:35, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 17:27, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- You say what it is, but not what it's for. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 19:35, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- I already defined it. LittleJerry (talk) 19:32, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- explain dermal dentrites. Ologies had the most amazing episode about teeth including these amazing dentrites . Definitely worth a listen, even if you might already be familiar with more of the science than I was
- Fixed.
- Typically, one wants to avoid 'former' and 'latter' as it makes the reader jump back. You can say something like "Females are generally larger than males, averaging 4.6–4.9 m (15–16 ft) in length compared with 3.4–4.0 m (11–13 ft) for males, and weighing 1,000–1,900 kg (2,200–4,200 lb) versus 680–1,000 kg (1,500–2,200 lb)." That way you also put the two comparisons next to other, avoiding more jumping for readers. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 17:09, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed.
- About the two conflicting statements about longest shark: is the newer source superseding the older? If so, no need to mention the older one I wouldn't think. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 17:13, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Labelling the latter as the largest ever would be OR when there's no other reception. Randel's statement is historically important. LittleJerry (talk) 19:32, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 19:59, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Labelling the latter as the largest ever would be OR when there's no other reception. Randel's statement is historically important. LittleJerry (talk) 19:32, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- White sharks display various surface behaviors, .. very long sentence. I'd say something like "White sharks also display several surface behaviours. These include poking their heads above the water, or spyhopping, to observe objects at the surface. Another behaviour, known as “repetitive aerial gaping”, occurs when a spyhopping shark repeatedly opens its mouth while floating belly-up, possibly as a sign of frustration after missing bait"
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 23:52, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Can we say seals instead of pinnipeds? I had no idea we were talking about seals there :). In the lead, each word should be understandable on sight (in the body ideally as well of course)
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 23:52, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- The arrival of orcas in an area can cause white sharks to flee, as has been documented both off South Africa and California. A 2026 study off Neptune Islands concurred this, but found that orcas alone are unlikely to cause white sharks to leave an area long term --> I don't think 'concurred this' is correct English. We don't have to say this explicitly, a rewording as "However, a 2026 study at the Neptune Islands found that orcas alone are unlikely to drive them away permanently" makes this clear too.
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 23:52, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- ectoparasite?
- Linked. LittleJerry (talk) 23:52, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- That's at the bottom of the explanation pyramid. Please explain.
- Due. LittleJerry (talk) 17:30, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- That's at the bottom of the explanation pyramid. Please explain.
- Linked. LittleJerry (talk) 23:52, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- ampullae of Lorenzini --> relink upon second mention?
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 23:52, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- At Neptune Islands, it was found that white sharks used more energy during encounters with cage divers. --> more energy compared to interactions with tourist? or are these the tourists?
- They are the tourists. LittleJerry (talk) 23:52, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Please clarify the text. Perhaps it's because cage diving is unexplained. I visually cage diving as having both the shark and the human in a cage in captivity. Given you've explained the sentence refers to humans, I now imagine a cage with a human in being lowered into the sea to look at sharks.. Probably also wrong, but it's a difficult step from the previous sentence. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 07:30, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- No reader is going to think that the shark is in the cage with the diver. That's ridiculous. LittleJerry (talk) 14:30, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- the beginning of the subsection literally states that tourists watch them from inside cages. It's explained enough. LittleJerry (talk) 14:56, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hah, I should be more careful reviewing just before bed (must have glazed over the first paragraph, or it didn't click that these shark cages go underwater and the people inside 'dive'). I don't think the image of a shark cage in the article is clear without clicking on it. Perhaps the best way to explain is to simply replacing the fourth gallery image with the lead one in shark cage? That one shows the tourists diving, rather than just hovering on the surface. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 15:46, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 17:46, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hah, I should be more careful reviewing just before bed (must have glazed over the first paragraph, or it didn't click that these shark cages go underwater and the people inside 'dive'). I don't think the image of a shark cage in the article is clear without clicking on it. Perhaps the best way to explain is to simply replacing the fourth gallery image with the lead one in shark cage? That one shows the tourists diving, rather than just hovering on the surface. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 15:46, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- the beginning of the subsection literally states that tourists watch them from inside cages. It's explained enough. LittleJerry (talk) 14:56, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- No reader is going to think that the shark is in the cage with the diver. That's ridiculous. LittleJerry (talk) 14:30, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Please clarify the text. Perhaps it's because cage diving is unexplained. I visually cage diving as having both the shark and the human in a cage in captivity. Given you've explained the sentence refers to humans, I now imagine a cage with a human in being lowered into the sea to look at sharks.. Probably also wrong, but it's a difficult step from the previous sentence. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 07:30, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- They are the tourists. LittleJerry (talk) 23:52, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- chumming is still unexplained.
- I wrote "throwing of chum in the water". LittleJerry (talk) 23:52, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- That is a hint to explaining chumming, but I imagine most people would not know what chum is.. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 07:30, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- They'll know when looking at the context and "chum" sounds like food. Chum is already linked in the above in the section. LittleJerry (talk) 14:32, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- To me, chum does not sound like food. This is not a case of me asking for an explanation because I believe others don't understand it. I did not understand the word before clicking on it. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 15:26, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 17:46, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- To me, chum does not sound like food. This is not a case of me asking for an explanation because I believe others don't understand it. I did not understand the word before clicking on it. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 15:26, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- They'll know when looking at the context and "chum" sounds like food. Chum is already linked in the above in the section. LittleJerry (talk) 14:32, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- That is a hint to explaining chumming, but I imagine most people would not know what chum is.. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 07:30, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- I wrote "throwing of chum in the water". LittleJerry (talk) 23:52, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
That was my first read through. Overall, the article assumes too much background knowledge. This is a topic a lot of folks will find interesting, not only people with prior knowledge about biology. Not ready to support yet, but feel free to ping me once you've done another pass-through to ensure the article meets WP:MTAU (not only my examples), and ideally once the review is a bit further along. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 20:32, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- In January 2023, the Mexican government banned white shark tourism at Guadalupe; due to reports --> semicolon does not seem correct there. What about "In January 2023, the Mexican government banned white shark tourism at Guadalupe. This followed reports of .." —Femke 🐦 (talk) 15:34, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 18:34, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Femke, fixed all. LittleJerry (talk) 23:56, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- There's one more hidden commentabove about the explanation of how the species can be both in recovery and in decline. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 09:33, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 22:14, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Femke? LittleJerry (talk) 13:28, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 22:14, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- There's one more hidden commentabove about the explanation of how the species can be both in recovery and in decline. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 09:33, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
Second read
- The fishbase link to common names does not load for me. Glitch or dead link? this might be the link needed?
- Its archived. LittleJerry (talk) 23:27, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- Libri de Piscibus Marinis -> use the lang template for accessibility
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 23:27, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- I love evolutionary history, and will give comments about that subsection when not close to bedtime. After having read the cited papers there, I finally understand what the section is trying to say. My initial suggestion is to change 'phylogeny' into evolutionary history, as it's good practice to give readers and understandable TOC.
- Explain strata?
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 23:27, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- Recent genetic evidence --> skip recent per MOS:RECENT
- Removed. LittleJerry (talk) 23:27, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- The sentence starting with "A 2024 study using nuclear DNA" is quite complicated and has some minor issues with punctuation. What about "A 2024 study using nuclear DNA concluded that white shark populations can be divided into three major clades: North Atlantic (represented by the US East Coast and the Mediterranean), Indo-Pacific (represented by Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa), and North Pacific (represented by California, Baja California, and East Asia). These clades diverged relatively recently, around 100,000–200,000 years ago, in response to lowered sea levels"
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 23:27, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- The white shark is considered one of the largest living sharks and fish --> 'is considered'? this is a fact, not a matter of opinion right?
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 01:25, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- Like previously in the lead, put the comparisons of length and weight next to each other, to prevent a reader having to switch back.
- I have no idea what this means. LittleJerry (talk) 01:25, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- You're now comparing the weight and length in a staggered way (length female, weight female, length male, weight male). Like you implemented for the lead before, instead compared length Vs length and weight Vs weight. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 07:36, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- This is how I've done it for other FAs. Length and weight go together when compaing. LittleJerry (talk) 17:28, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- As juveniles, they .. This is awkward grammatically, as 'As juveniles' usually signals a subject. Better phrasing would be "In juveniles, they are elongated and pointed, but they become broader and more serrated as the animals mature"
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 01:25, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- allowing them to project in and out -> maybe simpler wording is possible? Is project jargon?
- No project is not jargon, is a verb. LittleJerry (talk) 01:25, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- Good to know, that means you can choose a more natural sounding verb like extend without losing precision? —Femke 🐦 (talk) 07:49, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- olfaction (smell) -> start with the plain English to avoid a tiny moment of confusion
- I dont see the need
- also appears to play a role in olfactory sensing: olfactory sensing -> smell
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 01:25, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- White sharks range from > the next sentence starts with 'it'. Keep it consistent, either singular or plural.
- A 2018 study indicated that white sharks will congregate in anticyclonic eddies in the open ocean > possibly replace 'anticyclonic eddies' with warmer areas? The conclusion of the paper was they seek out these ocean weather systems likely to minimise energy expenditure.
- I have no idea if thats the way to phrase it. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- White shark aggregations can also differ in composition of individuals based on age and sex > RM also, not doing much here
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Cephalopods > explain by giving an example
- That's what links are for. I can't keep giving examples in parentheses because it looks amateurish. This is not Simple English Wikipedia. Readers should expect some scientific language when reading a biology article.
- Per MOS:JARGON and Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking#General_points_on_linking_style, links are not substitutes for explaining terms. You've written an article about perhaps the most famous shark of all. We're going to see children, teenagers, movie fans etc read this, who will have no inkling of what these terms mean. You're right that explaining things in parenthesis is can make text less engaging, but that's far from the only solution. You can sometimes avoid jargon altogether (using summary style to omit unimportant details, or using plain English), you can explain is as a natural part of the sentence, or you can give contextual clues for less heavy jargon (or when you repeat jargon after explaining it elsewhere; readers will forget when there are too many explanations). —Femke 🐦 (talk) 17:59, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- That's what links are for. I can't keep giving examples in parentheses because it looks amateurish. This is not Simple English Wikipedia. Readers should expect some scientific language when reading a biology article.
- Cetaceans > similarly explain with an example
- Fine. Done both. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Same. LittleJerry (talk) 17:45, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- Australian subspecies > RM because summary style. Tough sentence to read
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Mob the shark : explain?
- It's linked and the average reader knows what it means to be mobbed. Mob is part of the lexicon. LittleJerry (talk) 17:45, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- Sharks over that length> larger sharks. I first read 'over that length' as referring to an area before conclusion that doesn't make sense
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Birth intervals last two or three years > They give birth every two to three years
- I have to paraphase. Thats closes to the source. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- For the growth rate, do we need the historical study? I'm assuming with modern technology the newer study supersedes the older?
- Yes. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- These cateceans > these whales or the orcas (keep it simple)
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Their meat was considered tasty but was not considered worth it due to the difficulty of hauling them in -> slightly awkward with the double 'considered'. What about "Their meat was considered tasty, but not worth it, as the sharks were difficult to haul in" or "Their meat was considered tasty, but the difficulty of catching them made it not worth the effort."
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Of all shark species, the white shark is responsible for the largest number of recorded shark bite incidents on humans, with 351 documented unprovoked bite incidents on humans since 1580 as of 2024 -> Among all shark species, the white shark accounts for the greatest number of recorded bite incidents involving humans, with 351 documented unprovoked cases since 1580 as of 2024 (sentence was a bit too long)
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- I love your description of the debate around reasons for biting humans
- Attempts had been made since 1955 -> have been?
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Bit awkward phrasing: "In the same area, excessive boats drove away many sharks, though the implementation in 2012 of new regulations on the number of licensed boat operators and number of operating days per week allowed for the population to recover" > What about "In the same area, heavy boat traffic drove many sharks away; however, regulations introduced in 2012 limiting the number of licensed operators and operating days allowed the population to recover", or "In the same area, intensive boat activity drove many sharks away, but regulations introduced in 2012—limiting the number of licensed operators and their operating days—enabled the population to recover."
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Another unnecessary WP:ALSO: There is also no strong evidence.
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- The biggest threat to white shark populations is accidental catching in fishing nets and, in Australia and South Africa, beach protection programs, where they are caught in protective drum-lines and gillnets. -> a slightly awkward sentence: I don't think 'shark populations' are caught in drum-lines and gillnets. I don't know what drum-lines and gillnets are, and as a Dutch person, the term beach protection means erosion control / beach nourishment. What about wording like "The greatest threat to white shark populations is accidental capture in fishing nets, as well as in shark control programs in Australia and South Africa, where drum lines and gillnets are used to protect swimmers.".
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- A 2025 study suggested the global population at a minimum of 5,800 individuals, and co-author Gavin Naylor states that the population is likely 20,000. -> A bit awkward 'suggested' without 'that'. What about "A 2025 study estimated a minimum global population of 5,800 individuals,[1] with co-author Gavin Naylor suggesting the true figure may be closer to 20,000."
- allows for the use of nets -> allows nets to be used
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- at the state level; some of which -> comma instead of semicolon
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- The 2006 Consolidated Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Fishery Management Plan manages Atlantic white sharks, while Pacific Fishery Management Council (under the West Coast HMS Fishery Management Plan) manages the species in the Pacific. -> long sentence, I would use summarty style to omit 'under the west coast HMS fishery management plan
- waters up to offshore -> one citation might be enough, two should be enough. Mid-sentence citations can impede readability.
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- include; its genetic isolation -> another incorrect semicolon. Can just be omitted.
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- An EU funded program -> an EU-funded program
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:40, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
I was going over the article for a third read in the hope I could put down a support, but I think there's still issues that preclude me from supporting. I agree with UC that some of these issues might be better solved outside of the FAC process, so I'm afraid I'm landing on oppose to avoid a WP:FIXLOOP. The fact that the article is now being copy-edited by GOCE, something that should happen before an article ends up here, is not a great sign. Some of the comments from my first read are not resolved (e.g. clade is still unexplained), the lead still doesn't fully meet WP:EXPLAINLEAD with words like 'cephalopod', there's accessibility issues with WP:NOHIDE, and more instances of inelegant or overly complicated text I didn't spot before, like the quote that the species's genome shows "positive selection in key genes involved in the wound-healing process".
There's a lot to love about the article. Many subsections are now engaging and understandable. But I do think the evolutionary history section in particular is missing information and is difficult to parse.
In broad strokes, I would suggest:
- Start with when the shark (teeth) appeared in the fossil record. Start simple. I think most people are interested in evolution, and want to understand at least the basics. Finish with the phylogeny (which also allows you to move the big images at the end of the section)
- Thats not chronolofical accruate. LittleJerry (talk) 19:27, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- It is likely the ancestral, unserrated population had already been regularly targeting marine mammals for millions of years -> Doesn't this contradict the last sentence of the previous paragraph?
- No it doesn't. LittleJerry (talk) 19:27, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Can we say "Fossil teeth from this period" instead of "Teeth from the same geologic layer". That clarifies what you're implying with geological layer
- on molecular data -> this is genetic information right? Molecular is unclear.
- Changed both. LittleJerry (talk) 19:27, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Explicitly explain what serrations are for (eating more tough prey), isntead of implying it.
- I've been told that they are for stablizing in dinosaurs, but the sources aren't clear. LittleJerry (talk) 19:27, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- I'm surprised to see a 1996 study explicitly mentioned in the text. Surely we have better estimates now?
- We do. I mentioned a 2024 article.
- It might be nice to say more about the 2025 study, that is, that it's common to get different estimates in sharks using mitochondrial evidence and nuclear DNA evidence and that it is not clear why. The current text makes me want to know more.
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 19:27, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Are you citing supplementary data for the 47.4 mya? I cannot find it easily in the source.
- Removed,. LittleJerry (talk) 19:27, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Give an introductory sentence to the paragraph about phylogenetics. Something like "Researchers use different types of DNA–mitochondrial DNA inhereted via the female line, the Y chromosome inhereted via the male line and the remaining nuclear DNA inhereted from both sexes–to study evolutionary classification between species. Does not have to talk about the different DNA types, but I found that interesting to read in the 2025 paper. Do start the paragraph less abruptly.
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 19:27, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
- Almost 60% of the white shark's genome consists of repeated sequences. -> Why is this relevant?
- Removed.
- haptotypes?
- Removed. LittleJerry (talk) 19:27, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
—Femke 🐦 (talk) 19:59, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
Third read, hopefully third time's the charm
- Finally thought of ways to make this sentence less awkward: "The white shark is one of the largest living shark and fish species, being smaller than the whale shark and basking shark." If you replace being with 'but' or 'though', the flow improves
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- White sharks inhabit tropical and temperate ocean waters around the world and can be found both along the coast and further out to sea -> Can be slightly more concise by saying "White sharks live in tropical and temperate oceans worldwide, near coasts and in the open sea"
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- It is also a prolific scavenger of whale carcasses. -> I would shorten this to "They also scavenge whale carcasses." for rythm.
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- I don't think this is correct, and I cannot find it in the two cited sources: "The scientific generic name, Carcharodon, is a portmanteau of two Ancient Greek words." A portmanteau mixes two words, whereas this seems like a standard Compound (linguistics). The sources don't use this linguistic term either, so you'll likely have to omit it to say "combines two Ancient Greek words"
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Does Laso-Jadart et al. (2025) have a philogenetic tree (cited in the right-hand tree)? I thought this was cited solely for the now removed detail around dating before. There was another study I did look at with this tree.
- Removed. The cladograms weren't added by me. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- mother inherited -> maternally inherited or mother-inherited (etc). The adverb is more elegant imo
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- WP:NOHIDE with the molecular clocks. They don't quite fit on the screen with Vector22, so you might need to show an example molecular clock instead of both. Putting one under the other would likely put undue weight on this topic
- Removed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- According to shark expert John Ernest Randall, --> This is a 2003 statement. The text now implies contradiction and I'm not sure the sources actually disagree. You could position this in time by adding "by 2003" after his name
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- I would replace 'state' with 'argued' as it's an educated guess that they can be longer
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Awkward phrasing: "A 2014 study of white shark catch records in the northwest Pacific concluded that the longest reliably measured shark was 6.02 m (19.8 ft) in total length and the heaviest weighed 2,530 kg (5,580 lb)" This could be something like "A 2014 study of catch records in the northwest Pacific found the longest reliably measured shark to be 6.02 m (19.8 ft) and the heaviest 2,530 kg (5,580 lb)"
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- The front teeth are adapted for penetrating prey, while those located towards the back of the mouth, being more flattened at the sides and bent backwards, are designed for tearing -> overly wordy. Could it be something like "The front are adapted for penetrating prey, while the rear teeth, flattened at the sides and bent backwards, are designed for tearing?
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Spiracles, extra breathing holes behind the eyes common in bottom-dwelling sharks, are reduced or absent in this species -> Do we know more about this since 1991? Do some have them but other don't? Or is it still unknown whether it's reduced or absent?
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- ... stores lipids, fatty acids, and oils -> Does this need 3 citations? WP:OVERCITATION can impede flow
- I think all three are need.. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- One study found that stomach temperatures ranged from 24.7–26.8 °C (76–80 °F) in waters 12.9–16.1 °C (55–61 °F) -> Why is this important? Is it a good indicator of sort of average temperature? If so, say so, now it feels a bit disjointed. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 13:14, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Why would I need to state it? The researchers have used this as an indication of white shark temperature. I don't see the big deal.
- at Guadalupe Island suggests --> suggested to keep tense consistent with previous sentences
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- I would relink the White shark cafe in each section, as it's a slightly odd phrase. Is it possible to hint upon second mention what this is? My guess was wrong; a fancy word for their diet.
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Capitalise green status? It now sounds like green means it's doing well, instead of referring to a system. Perhaps repeat the abbreviation (IUNC Green Status) and explain the difference with the other metric?
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- requiring a special permit for both -> Four citations, are they all necessary? The rest of the para is very readable, so not super concerned, but is it a bit much.
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- In September 2019, California governor Gavin Newsom signed Assembly Bill 2109 into law, banning the luring of white sharks using bait, chum, and decoys in California waters and prohibiting their usage within one nautical mile of any shoreline, pier, or jetty when a shark is present -> Do we need to know all these details like the month, the signer, the name of the bill? A bit more summary style would work better I'd say. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 14:04, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Changed. LittleJerry (talk) 00:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
That's all from me. I can definitely see myself scratching that oppose. I hope this will also address some of UC's comments around prose not being ready for FAC. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 14:04, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
Happy to support now. The article has improved tremendously during the FAC. Thanks for bearing with me over these weeks. If you have another vital animal article, feel free to ping me during the PR stage and I'll do my best to provide feedback. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 07:21, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you. Will do. LittleJerry (talk) 17:24, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
Support Comments from AxonsArachnida
I want to know too much about great white sharks, so I'll have a look through this. AxonsArachnida (talk) 06:11, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- @LittleJerry Alright, that's every comment I can think of. Just ping me when you're done. AxonsArachnida (talk) 02:10, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- "between 60 and 43 million years agao (mya)"-> "Ago" is misspelled.
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 18:40, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- "A 2025 study affirmed the existence of these three clades, but found"-> I don't think the comma is necessary?
- I'd need a second opinion. LittleJerry (talk) 18:40, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- ")ne study found that stomach temperatures ranged from" -> "One".
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 18:40, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- The author names in the synonym list could be linked.
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:13, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- "Shark being baited in Guadalupe Island Biosphere Reserve, Mexico" image doesn't have alt text.
- It does. LittleJerry (talk) 18:40, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- The species/genus name in references 8, 62, 73, 81, 118, 138 aren't italicised.
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 18:40, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- "These names are thought to refer to its white underside, which is noticeable in dead sharks lying upside down" -> You could just say "These names refer to its white underside, which is noticeable in dead sharks lying upside down"
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 18:40, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- "The white shark first unambiguously appears in the fossil record in the Pacific basin about 5 mya at the beginning of the Pliocene." I can't see where this is stated in either of your references.
- Cite 21: "It gradually evolved from the non-serrated Carcharodon hastalis during the late Miocene, transitioning first into the finely serrated Carcharodon hubbelli approximately 8–7 Ma, then evolved into the coarsely serrated C. carcharias approximately 6–5 Ma" Thus the white shark was there by 5 mya. LittleJerry (talk) 17:59, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- "Around 8 mya, a Pacific stock of C. hastalis evolved into C. hubbelli. This divergent lineage was characterized by a gradual development of serrations over the next few million years." I don't see where the reference says this. In the abstract it says "The recalibration of the absolute dates suggests that Carcharodon hubbelli sp. nov. is Late Miocene (6–8 Ma) in age". Unless I've missed something, you should include the full range.
Added. LittleJerry (talk) 17:59, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- "Almost 60% of the white shark's relatively genome consists of repeated sequences. It has remained relatively stable in its evolution.". You could also mention the size of the genome here (4.63 Gbp).
Too techincal. LittleJerry (talk) 17:59, 12 March 2026 (UTC)- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 18:10, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- "A 2024 study using non-sexual nuclear DNA, concluded that" You don't need to put "non-sexual".
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 18:40, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- "The datings by the 2024 study coincide with the Penultimate Glaciation" "Penultimate Glaciation" doesn't need to be capitalised.
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 18:40, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- "There is evidence that the species can change pigments like a chameleon, adding melanin to blotches of white" You should mention that this is on a time scale of months. I also wouldn't compare it to a chameleon.
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 18:40, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- "Sizes of two white sharks sampled during a NOAA fisheries survey" You should link NOAA.
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 18:40, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- You should link "John E. McCosker".
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 18:40, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- J. E. Randall is John Ernest Randall (and you can link them too).
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 18:40, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- This paper might be interesting to include: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1520348/full
- I'm hesitant same Frontiers is a dodgy journal publisher. LittleJerry (talk) 18:40, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- "This classification has the qualifiers "Data Poor" and "Threatened Overseas". It also has the qualifier of "Conservation Dependent".
- Added. LittleJerry (talk) 17:43, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- The New Zealand Threat Classification System stuff is out of date. The most recent assessment is from 2024: https://nztcs.org.nz/assessments/181931
- Done. LittleJerry (talk) 00:13, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- "A 2018 study of sharks off eastern Australia and New Zealand found that juveniles had a survival rate of over 70%, while adults survived at a rate of over 90%" I'm a bit unclear on this. Is this a 70/90% chance of surviving one year? 70/90% chance of surviving the duration of the study?
- The study doesn't make it clear. LittleJerry (talk) 23:01, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- Okay I think I figured it out. They state that "ϕA" is annual adult survival, so I'm pretty sure that both percentages given are annual survival rather than over the period of the study.
- Added. LittleJerry (talk) 17:42, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- Okay I think I figured it out. They state that "ϕA" is annual adult survival, so I'm pretty sure that both percentages given are annual survival rather than over the period of the study.
- The study doesn't make it clear. LittleJerry (talk) 23:01, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- It would be good to also talk about the copepod parasites since they seem to be common parasites of the shark. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224425001257
- Added. LittleJerry (talk) 23:21, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- " Nemesis Lamna" species name is capitalised. AxonsArachnida (talk) 00:58, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 17:42, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- " Nemesis Lamna" species name is capitalised. AxonsArachnida (talk) 00:58, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- Added. LittleJerry (talk) 23:21, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- In the evolutionary tree with cytochrome b, for your date ranges you use hyphens instead of endashes. Ie "65‑46 mya". Is this just meant to be applied different in figures?
- Fixed. LittleJerry (talk) 17:42, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- I'm unclear on what the reason(s) for their migration are. I think it's also worth noting that previously only the male was thought to migrate (https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1114898).
- The article already mentions food (seals near shore, fish at the Cafe) or possibly mating (at the Cafe).
- Added more. LittleJerry (talk) 17:55, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- "White sharks display various surface behaviors. These include spyhopping (poking head out of surface) to observe an object above the water, as well as 'Repetitive Aerial Gaping' where a spyhopping shark repeatedly gapes its mouth while belly-up, possibly as a sign of frustration after missing a bait." This is fine, but I wanted to ask why you chose to describe these two behaviours in particular? The paper you cited has seven other behaviours.
- These behaviors are too tedious to mention, like "lateral inspection of object". I also get into breaching below. LittleJerry (talk) 17:42, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
CommentsSupport from Shocksingularity
Lead
- Its massive, fatty liver can reach over a quarter of its body weight and provides buoyancy and stores energy. This sentence reads as a little awkward to me; it sounds a bit run-on-like. Perhaps you could reword it as something like this? {{green|Its massive, fatty liver can reach over a quarter of its body weight, providing buoyancy and storing energy.
Taxonomy and evolution->Fossil history
- This species had teeth alike to the modern white shark's, except that the cutting edges lacked serrations I don't believe that the word "alike" is used this way grammatically. I would swap for the word "similar" instead. Additionally, "expect for" is typically used rather than "except than". I would recommend this change: This species had teeth similar to the modern white shark's, except for their cutting edges, which lacked serrations
- C. hastalis occupied a lower position in the food web compared to modern white sharks, and was probably fish-eating with some addition of marine mammals to its diet. The last part of this sentence is unclear. Did the shark mostly eat fish? What does "some addition" mean: is this in comparison to modern-day white sharks?
- Around 8–6 mya, a Pacific stock of C. hastalis evolved into C. hubbelli. What does "stock" mean here? This is the first time you use the word, so I'd either explain the term or put a wikilink.
- Teeth from the same strata may exhibit significant variation in serration development and morphology, which may be indicative of persistent interbreeding with C. hastalis for at least some time. Similar problem here: What does "strata" mean?
Taxonomy and evolution->Populations and genetic history
- Almost 60% of the white shark's 4.63 Gbp genome consists of repeated sequences. Since you only mention Gbp once, I would just write out the full name per MOS:ACRO1STUSE.
- It has remained relatively stable in its evolution What is "it" and "its" referring to here? The genome? The repeated sequences? The shark?
- A 2020 mitochondrial DNA study concluded that Mediterranean sharks show closer affinity with Australia/New Zealand and North-eastern Pacific sharks than with sharks from South Africa and the north-western Atlantic. A dash is not needed between "North" and Eastern/Western. Change to Northeastern Pacific sharks and Northwestern Atlantic.
- ...which diverged more recently around 100,000–200,000 in response to lowered sea levels. I'm assuming you mean 100,000-200,000 years ago?
- Analysis of Y chromosome (father-inherited) haplotypes likewise found no clear geographic structure, consistent with recent fragmentation. What is a haplotype? Explain or Wikilink.
Appearance and anatomy->lead
- The white shark has a stocky, torpedo-shaped body with a short, cone-shaped snout. Its long gill slits do not reach around the head. It has a large triangular first dorsal fin, which partly lines up with the pectoral fins, and tiny second dorsal fin. The tail fin has two lobes of similar size and a single keel, and the anal fin is tiny. Wikilink to pectoral fins and caudal keel (yes I know these are links to sections of articles, but this is still useful to the reader).
Appearance and anatomy->size
- The white shark is considered one of the largest living sharks and fish, but is smaller than the whale shark and basking shark. Females measure on average 4.6–4.9 m (15–16 ft) in length and weigh 1,000–1,900 kg (2,200–4,200 lb) while the latter average 3.4–4.0 m (11–13 ft) in length and weigh 680–1,000 kg (1,500–2,200 lb). Females of what species? And who is "the latter" referring to? Also, does "the latter" refer to just females, or both females and males?
Appearance and anatomy->teeth and jaws
- The jaws are strengthened by mineralized cartilage; Wikilink to mineralized tissues here.
Appearance and anatomy->internal physiology
- White sharks appear to have strong immune systems and can tolerate high amounts of toxic heavy metals in their blood, more so than other vertebrates. The article for toxic heavy metals says that the term is "misleading" and has no clear definition. What does it mean in the context of this article?
- In addition, the species has an enlarged, thickened heart and its blood contains more red blood cells and hemoglobin than even most mammals and birds. Why "even" here? Do fish tend to have less red blood cells and hemoglobin than mammals and birds?
Distribution and habitat->lead
- A 2018 study indicated that white sharks will congregate in anticyclonic eddies in the open ocean. See WP:SEAOFBLUE. Also, possibly explain what these are? Particularly "eddies", because the technically complex article is not going to help a lay reader understand what they are.
- I have no idea hown to explain them. LittleJerry (talk) 10:26, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- Increased sightings of young sharks in areas they were not previously common, such as Monterey Bay on the central California coast, suggest climate change may be forcing juveniles towards the poles. Monterey Bay is not a polar region. Why does this indicate that climate change may be forcing juveniles towards the poles?
- It says "TOWARDS" the poles, it doesn't say Monterey is a polar region.
Distribution and habitat->migration
- White sharks go on vast migrations in response to food availability, temperature changes and possibly to mate. "Food availability" and "temperature changes" are part of the list starting with "in response to", but "possibly to mate" is not. ("In response to food availability" and "in response to temperature changes" make grammatical sense, but "in response to possibly to mate" does not.) I'd recommend changing it to something like this: White sharks go on vast migrations in response to food availability and temperature changes, as well as possibly to mate.
- In May 2024, a satellite tag was recovered from an Indonesian fisherman which was determined to have come from a subadult female white shark... What does "subadult" mean here? Is this equivalent to juvenile or does it have a more specific meaning?
- between juvenile and adult. LittleJerry (talk) 10:26, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- In the northeastern Pacific, white sharks travel between the coastal US and Mexico and the Hawaiian Archipelago; they feed along the coast mostly during fall and winter, and farther out to sea during spring and summer. Grammar is awkward here in terms of what "mostly" is referring to: mostly along the coast or mostly during fall/winter? If the former, I'd reword it as they mostly feed along the coast during fall and winter, and further out to sea during spring and summer.
Behavior and ecology->lead
- At nighttime, one individual was recorded swimming slowly in one direction along a current with its mouth open should either be "at night" or "during the nighttime"
- By contrast, a 2019 study found that sharks around Neptune Islands gathered in non-random aggregations. Wikilink to Neptune Islands here.
- Its already linked.
Behavior and ecology->diet and feeding
- Marine mammals preyed on include seals and cetaceans. They are also recorded to bite sea otters but do not usually consume them. The mammals or the sharks? (I know it's obvious from context, but grammatically it is not)
- In 1984, Tricas and McCosker suggested that white sharks bite seals, release them and then wait for them to bleed to death before eating,[108] though this has been refuted. Use the full names of authors here. (I believe this is somewhere in the MOS but I can't seem to find it.)
- Fixed all, expect for a few that were commented on. LittleJerry (talk) 10:26, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
Might add more later... Shocksingularity (talk) 04:46, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
Jens (drive-by comments)
I already left some comments before this was nominated at FAC (here). I won't have the time for a full review, but here some drive-by comments at least:
- Footnote "a" misses the first word
- Another name used for the white shark around this time was Lamia, first coined by Guillaume Rondelet in his 1554 book – according to the source, the name was not coined by Rondelet, but is actually a figure from Greek mythology (which should be mentioned, and linked). --Jens Lallensack (talk) 06:58, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed both. LittleJerry (talk) 19:29, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
UndercoverClassicist and Femke, I made changes and a copyedit was done. Before I withdraw, are you willing to look one more time? LittleJerry (talk) 01:49, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'll try to make some time later this weekend. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 07:16, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- UndercoverClassicist? LittleJerry (talk) 00:07, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- I've got a lot of open tasks and not a lot of time at the moment; I can't promise that I'll be able to do another full review of an article this size in the very near future. Having very quickly scanned the changes since 22 March (when I left my last comments), I can see improvement on many of the explanations, but wouldn't expect to overturn my earlier worries on prose quality, especially (where the problem was most pronounced) in the second half of the article. UndercoverClassicist T·C 12:38, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- UndercoverClassicist? LittleJerry (talk) 00:07, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
European rabbit
This article describes the European rabbit, by far the most well-known species of rabbit around the world. Domesticated for food, fur, and as a pet, introduced to unsuspecting ecosystems to devastating effects, and endangered in its native Iberia, it's an animal recognizable in many shapes and sizes. I have been working on this for a long time and owe credit for much of the groundwork on this article to Mariomassone and Menah the Great, among others. This article has been through a good article review and I've sought out peer review a few times. Literature about this species is being published all the time, but a lot of that research belongs more in rabbit health or domestic rabbit than it does here. -- Reconrabbit 19:17, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
Support from Femke
My pre-FAC comments all seem to be adressed. Really interesting article, well-written and written engagingly. A few additional comments:
- Territoriality and aggression play a large part in the development of young and adolescent rabbits and help ensure survival of the population -> not intuitive to me. I see how aggression can be a good strategy for individuals, but why is it good for the species?
- After reading a few recent sources on this subject more in-depth I don't see much about the development of the young - I did add later on that those approaching sexual maturity are kicked out of the warren, and removed this sentence. -RR
- Greater maternal investment may result in higher birth weights for bucks. Investment in pet food companies? I assume it means eating more?
- I can't find a way to make this make sense without it being an obvious statement ("when baby rabbits are fed more they grow up bigger?") so I have removed it for now.. -RR
- 4 more years - four more years
- Done -RR
- given that the rabbit doesnt occur in the US, consider omitting us-specific unit conversions.
- It is unclear exactly what function a dewlap perform -> 2009 source. Still unclear?
- The purpose is elucidated, though all sources I could find about them are probably describing domestic rabbits, not wild ones. Species accounts and current papers I have access to don't have too many mentions. I responded to MPF about this below. -RR
- Are there freely licensed recording of the sounds they make?
- There is this audio file: https://openverse.org/audio/58028211-efc9-4629-8a2d-7ed8d48612d6?q=rabbit&p=22 I don't think it's too much better than the one currently in the infobox. -RR
- Captive-bred European rabbits may be fed on fodder consisting of furze and acorns, which leads to considerable weight gain - a 1910 source? Is that still the diet?
- Updated for 2024 - we don't need to use acorns anymore, now that all your nutrition comes in an alfalfa pellet. -RR
- Like other lagomorphs -> like other rabbits and pikas, or explain if you're reusing the term multiple times
- Article no longer refers to lagomorphs in the body (only in the infobox) -RR
- Both foxes and badgers dig out kittens from shallow burrows, with the latter predators being too slow to catch adult rabbits -> avoid 'the latter' and be concrete to avoid making the reader skip back to the start of the sentence.
- Reworded with semicolon, though I don't like this sentence very much -RR
- I don't understand what honest signalling means and how it helps them escape
- I added an aside. -RR
- have faced subsequent downturns > subsequent is an unnecessary word
- Removed
- Humans likely began hunting rabbits as a food source, but further research is needed to verify this. -> we are 3 decades later. Is this now researched? —Femke 🐦 (talk) 20:52, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- See MOS:COLOUR
- File:Lepus_diazi_02_transparent.png: what is the author's date of death? Ditto File:Wild_animals_of_North_America,_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_(Page_511)_(Sylvilagus_palustris).jpg, File:Lepus_cuniculus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-(white_background).jpg, File:Lepus_timidus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-(white_background).jpg, File:O._c._cuniculus_skull_(dorsal).png, File:O._c._algirus_skull_(dorsal).png
- File:The_Rabbit_(1898)_'Maternal_instinct'.png: where was this published? Nikkimaria (talk) 05:40, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- I have addressed all of the image issues, but what is referred to by MOS:COLOUR? Should the colours in range maps with legends be made to match Wikipedia:WikiProject Maps/Conventions/Area maps? -- Reconrabbit 14:14, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
- The range maps should not rely solely on colour to convey meaning - they should be distinguishable either by shade, texture, or labelling. Nikkimaria (talk) 02:47, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- I tried to use a different texture to indicate the native range on maps and changed legends accordingly, though there is no legtab template as on Commons so it is not perfect. -- Reconrabbit 16:28, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Nikkimaria, new images have been since added to the article. All should have appropriate licenses, but File:Iberian Lynx cub carrying an Europian rabbit.jpg has a broken link that appears to be unrecoverable right now and File:Rabbit skins.jpg is only usable if the "taken circa 1905" is accurate, as attested to by Alamy and Getty Images. I have created an alternative map image (File:World-Oryctolagus-Pattern-Legend.svg that uses two different patterns for range identification, though I don't particularly like the checkerboard pattern; is there a better alternative? The recently promoted Tiger does not use any such techniques. -- Reconrabbit 17:14, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- The alternative for the map would be to use a different technique, such as shading, to allow the ranges to be distinguishable.
- File:Chaucer_Conyes.png: per the tag, the image description should identify steps taken to try to identify the author.
- File:Rabbit_skins.jpg is missing details on first publication. Nikkimaria (talk) 04:38, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- File:Chaucer_Conyes.png: The author of the text is Chaucer, and I have written as much as I can about the identification provided by the source library (unknown scribe).
- File:Rabbit_skins.jpg: Replaced with an image (File:Rabbit fence Cobar October 1905.jpg) that has author and publication details from NSW state library. -- Reconrabbit 14:03, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hello Nikkimaria, are all your concerns resolved now? FrB.TG (talk) 15:57, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yes. Nikkimaria (talk) 23:49, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hello Nikkimaria, are all your concerns resolved now? FrB.TG (talk) 15:57, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Nikkimaria, new images have been since added to the article. All should have appropriate licenses, but File:Iberian Lynx cub carrying an Europian rabbit.jpg has a broken link that appears to be unrecoverable right now and File:Rabbit skins.jpg is only usable if the "taken circa 1905" is accurate, as attested to by Alamy and Getty Images. I have created an alternative map image (File:World-Oryctolagus-Pattern-Legend.svg that uses two different patterns for range identification, though I don't particularly like the checkerboard pattern; is there a better alternative? The recently promoted Tiger does not use any such techniques. -- Reconrabbit 17:14, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- I tried to use a different texture to indicate the native range on maps and changed legends accordingly, though there is no legtab template as on Commons so it is not perfect. -- Reconrabbit 16:28, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- The range maps should not rely solely on colour to convey meaning - they should be distinguishable either by shade, texture, or labelling. Nikkimaria (talk) 02:47, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
UC
A first batch: more to follow. UndercoverClassicist T·C 13:25, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) or coney is a species of rabbit native to the Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal and Andorra) and southwestern France.: I think it's worth getting into the first sentence, or at very least the first paragraph, that European rabbits live in a much greater area than this -- perhaps something like "native to the Iberian Peninsula ... and subsequently introduced to much of northern Europe, southern Australia, and other regions worldwide"?
- The parentheticals make the first sentence read as rather long as it is, so I separated this out to a second sentence (subsequently...) -RR
- It is the only domesticated species of rabbit, and all known breeds of rabbit are its descendants: we need of domestic rabbit or all known domestic breeds -- I appreciate it's repetitious, but the phrasing as written is open to misinterpretation: breed usually means "variety produced by humans via intentional breeding" but doesn't have to.
- I did not know that. Added -RR
- Starting from the first century BCE, it has been introduced to at least 800 islands and every continent with the exception of Antarctica,: I can't see from the map or the text that we're counting North America here: most people would count that as a separate continent from South America.
- Despite all my searching I could not find a map that showed all of the locations that the rabbit has been introduced to. I am working from what IUCN produced in 2008 - their later assessments don't even have range maps. The only North American location that I am certain the European rabbit has invaded, based on literature, is Washington State on the San Juan islands. (I have a friend in Boise, Idaho who can confirm a population of feral rabbits there, but so far I haven't seen anyone writing about it. This can happen anywhere there are breeders.) -RR
- Works with me: those are mentioned in the text, so we're OK. UndercoverClassicist T·C 07:38, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Despite all my searching I could not find a map that showed all of the locations that the rabbit has been introduced to. I am working from what IUCN produced in 2008 - their later assessments don't even have range maps. The only North American location that I am certain the European rabbit has invaded, based on literature, is Washington State on the San Juan islands. (I have a friend in Boise, Idaho who can confirm a population of feral rabbits there, but so far I haven't seen anyone writing about it. This can happen anywhere there are breeders.) -RR
- Rabett itself is derived from the Middle Dutch robbe: can we say what robbe actually means -- just "rabbit", or is it more encompassing?
- Barrett-Hamilton et al., 1910 says "The source appears to be the Walloon form rabett, still in common use at Liege, from Middle Dutch robbe=a "rabet" with the suffix ett(Skeat)." This is in my opinion not very elucidating but I believe it just means "rabbit". -RR
- Rabbit is also pronounced as "rabbidge", "rabbert" (North Devon) and "rappit" (Cheshire and Lancashire).: this is cited to a 1910 source: I live in Manchester and grew up in the West Country, and have never heard any of these pronunciations! I think you need to say "as late as the early C20th" or similar.
- Qualified with the age of the source, looking at modern dictionaries only one pronunciation is given (/ˈræbɪt/). -RR
- Ælian: always written as Aelian: it's not normally treated as a digraph like in Æthelred the Unready.
- Fixed -RR
- Varo and Pliny: Varro. Can we introduce these people?
- Introduced as "Roman scholars" -RR
- An improvement; I might be tempted to give a date ("Romans" existed from c. 750 BCE to c. 1453, depending on how you count it). Roman etymology is pretty much 100% bunk, but I don't know if this is really the place to point that out. UndercoverClassicist T·C 07:38, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- I don't see a non-awkward way to do it because of the positioning of these figures ("the first-century BCE/BC and CE/AD scholars Varro and Pliny"?) -- Reconrabbit 18:28, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- "The Roman scholars Varro and Pliny, who wrote in the first centuries BC and AD respectively, [fancifully] connected it to cuneus"? UndercoverClassicist T·C 07:35, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Introduced as "Roman scholars" -RR
- Ballester and Quinn 2002: source link is dead.
- Fixed with an archive link -RR
- Ancient Greek: ὀρυκτός (oryktos, 'burrowing'): don't use the langx template for this, as it adds an unwanted colon: instead, do something like "the Ancient Greek word {{lang|grc|ὀρυκτός}}".
- Done -RR
- has been hunted and raised as a food source since medieval times.: the Romans ate them too: see here and here. Our article on Cuniculture has quite a bit here, though the sources aren't great. It seems like rabbits may have been hunted since the Paleolithic: at any rate, we give the game away with Starting from the first century BCE, it has been introduced to at least 800 islands and every continent with the exception of Antarctica, -- people introduced them for 600 years or so before thinking to eat one?
- My intention there was "raised as food since medieval times", not describing the time frame of hunting, but it's better worded now (since they were raised in the first century too).
- However, the species is listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature: the infobox says "Near Threatened", which is two steps above "Endangered".
- Fixed this in the last section but forgot to do it at the top. -RR
- it has faced population declines in its native range: decline, I think.
- Done -RR
- predators that rely intensely on the rabbit as food: just rely -- I don't think you can really "rely" on something if that reliance isn't a big deal.
- Simplified -RR
- native names in English or Celtic,: Celtic isn't a language; it's a language family. Suggest "the pre-English Celtic languages of the British Isles" -- but then is this really relevant here, since what's important is the language we're writing in (English), not the geographical origin of that language?
- Since Barrett-Hamilton et al., 1910 does not make the distinction until later (noting two post-Norman names for the rabbit in the Celtic languages Welsh and Irish), would it be appropriate to replace "Celtic" with "Welsh or Irish" in the first sentence? -RR
- I think the second bit is the bigger problem: why does it matter that there's no native word in Welsh, versus (say) Polish? After all, the rabbit is no more native to Wales or Ireland than it is to Poland. Even then, the Celtic languages of the British Isles include, notably, Scottish Gaelic, Manx and Cornish. I assume the story is the same for them? UndercoverClassicist T·C 17:54, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Since the word that we're using throughout the article is the English "rabbit", I think I'll restrict the "native names" introduced to just English. I can add Spanish, French, and Portuguese names (liebre, ) if that makes sense for their "native range". -RR
- I think the second bit is the bigger problem: why does it matter that there's no native word in Welsh, versus (say) Polish? After all, the rabbit is no more native to Wales or Ireland than it is to Poland. Even then, the Celtic languages of the British Isles include, notably, Scottish Gaelic, Manx and Cornish. I assume the story is the same for them? UndercoverClassicist T·C 17:54, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Since Barrett-Hamilton et al., 1910 does not make the distinction until later (noting two post-Norman names for the rabbit in the Celtic languages Welsh and Irish), would it be appropriate to replace "Celtic" with "Welsh or Irish" in the first sentence? -RR
- according to Swedish zoologist Wilhelm Lilljeborg, who created the genus in 1874: according to is odd phrasing here -- sounds like it's debateable, when he was the one who came up with the name, so really ought to know what he is talking about.
- Removed as redundant -RR
- the European rabbit's closest relatives are the hispid hare (Caprolagus hispidus), the riverine rabbit (Bunolagus monticularis), and the Amami rabbit (Pentalagus furnessi).: if I've understood the cladogram right, we're doing this in an odd order: Bunolagus is the closest relative, followed in order by Caprolagus and Pentalagus.
- Corrected, with a citation from 2016 (though I could have just as easily used Pereira 2019 if it's preferred). -RR
- The range maps in the "subspecies" table miss out at least much of the respective ranges, as indicated by the text in the same cells. This doesn't seem ideal.
- I don't see a good solution for this. The only alternative is to use world maps (as is done in the infobox) and doing that for O. c. algirus would not be particularly useful because of how small the islands of its non-native range are. -RR
- I think I'd start from the position that any map is meant to help clarify and inform: if there isn't a map which does that (as opposed to misleading the audience), then having no map is preferable. There are a few options: use slightly larger-scale maps (perhaps with small territories, such as islands, circled for visibility); remove the maps altogether and use a bulleted list; or some hybrid approach that makes clearer that the map is only part of the range. UndercoverClassicist T·C 10:35, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
- I don't see a good solution for this. The only alternative is to use world maps (as is done in the infobox) and doing that for O. c. algirus would not be particularly useful because of how small the islands of its non-native range are. -RR
- what are likely Neanderthal burial sites: the title of this paper puts "burial" in scare quotes, which is a clue -- it's very controversial whether Neanderthals intentionally buried their dead, as opposed to Neanderthal corpses ending up in places (like hollows in caves) where they are likely to become buried by natural processes.
- I wasn't aware of the controversy. I do not have access to the cited article for this fact, but it may not warrant inclusion since this is a single site and going in depth on Neanderthal funerals may be out of scope. -RR
- If nothing else, if it's a single site, we can't use the plural sites. I haven't looked at the source itself but removing might be a good move, depending on how confident the "burial site" label actually is. UndercoverClassicist T·C 07:40, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- I wasn't aware of the controversy. I do not have access to the cited article for this fact, but it may not warrant inclusion since this is a single site and going in depth on Neanderthal funerals may be out of scope. -RR
- It was likely first brought to Britain by the Normans after the 1066 conquest of England, as no pre-Norman British allusions to the animal have been found.: this may not be true: at least one Roman rabbit has been found in England (see here and here as well. We might well be able to say that the Romans probably didn't bring many rabbits over, but that's not quite the same thing: there's also a debate here that needs some presentation. We also need to clarify that by allusions we mean literary/artistic mentions, rather than physical remains (of which some certainly exist).
- Qualified (re-evaluated) in the text, please let me know what you think. I didn't find very much about the topic in literature through Springer or Sage. -RR
- connynge + erthe ('cony'+'earth'): space here or not? And doesn't coney have an E in it?
- Barrett-Hamilton 1910 uses both spellings of cony, but prefers without an e; for consistency I changed all mentions to coney since it appears at the first sentence. -RR
- Originally assigned to the genus Lepus by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, the European rabbit was consigned to its own genus, Oryctolagus, in 1874 by Swedish zoologist Wilhelm Lilljeborg: Are we introducing people by nationality/profession or not? Linnaeus is famous in his field, but not that well known to non-specialist readers.
- Showing my bias here. Introduced properly now. -RR
- on nuclear and mitochondrial gene analysis: suggest something like "analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA" to be clear that "nuclear analysis" isn't a thing -- it sounds like something very different to what we mean!
Let's do a bit more:
- Subspecies other than O. c. algirus and O. c. cuniculus have been recommended for abandonment: what does this mean? It sounds like someone advocates leaving your pet bunny by the side of the motorway if it's from the wrong subspecies? Not sure I'm keen on the passive, either. Who recommends this?
- as they have very little evolutionary history: this can't be what you mean. All rabbits living at the same time have precisely as much evolutionary history as each other (more interesting things may have happened in one case than another, but that's different).
- The subspecies O. c. habetensis, conmay have been introduced: error for may?
- Who are/were the Phoenicians and when did they live?
- For all of the above: I thought that Ferrand (2008) had more support for this theory on importation of rabbits to Africa, but I am not finding support for it anywhere else. There is one PhD thesis that he cites about it. His statement is hard to corroborate - I have read that the Phoenicians spread rats throughout the Mediterranean on their ships, but I am less certain that "rabbits may have been introduced in North Africa by Phoenicians at the time of the first historical contacts established by navigating the Mediterranean". No other source mentions such a distribution and some place the rabbit's distribution throughout the region much later (Campbell 2014 attributes this lack of records to a confusion between records referring to "hares" which were already widespread and "rabbits"). I did a rewrite of that section that makes fewer assumptions. "Evolutionary history" was intended as "evolutionary scenarios" as in it doesn't make sense for algirus and cuniculus to have this clearly traced pattern of genetic divergence in different regions and the rest of the widespread subspecies having no such diversity. -- Reconrabbit 19:03, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- There is no clear scenario for the divergent evolution of other subspecies besides O. c. algirus and O. c. cuniculus, evidenced by a lack of genetic diversity: I still don't understand this. Between them? Within each subspecies? Come to think of it, the first half is pretty unclear as well. Do we mean something like "it is considered unlikely that other subspecies besides ... have ever evolved, since... [some clearer explanation of how genetic diversity shows this]"?
- Genetic studies undertaken in 2008, however, indicated only two extant subspecies, O. c. cuniculus and O. c. algirus, native to the Iberian Peninsula and parts of northern Africa, where most of the European rabbit's evolutionary history is centred; as of 2022, only these two subspecies are recognized: it feels like the weighting is wrong here. We started with six subspecies presented in a nice authoritative list, and then we've gone back and said "actually, we lied -- only the first two of these are real". I think it would be clearer to start with the two, and then saying that biologists previously identified six, but now think that there's no way that extra subspecies evolved from the two (for the genetic-diversity reasons mentioned above), so have decided that the rabbits they previously called brachyotus, cnossius, and habetensis are really just cuniculus, and the ones they previously called huxleyi are the same as algirius.
- @UndercoverClassicist: Here's my efforts on rewriting the "Subspecies" subsection: User:Reconrabbit/sandbox/subspecies I didn't touch on why the more recently accepted subspecies were synonymized, though more on the historical front is covered. Some authors are also not described in detail (ex. "American naturalist") because I could not find that information (but could extrapolate based on location, publication topic...) -- Reconrabbit 19:02, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- It looks pretty good, at least to my non-expert eyes. I'd have a few minor quibbles about various things, but it's probably best to handle those once it's pushed here to avoid making this review even more confusing and complicated by splitting it into two places. UndercoverClassicist T·C 20:01, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- Do we need to do anything with the names kreyenbergi, vermicula and vernicularis here?
- I'm working on a rewrite of the above 3 points in a sandbox - this whole paragraph needs to be redone. kreyenbergi has its deal spelled out here, and in 1912 vermicula and vernicularis were described as nomina nuda. This should probably be the case for algirus honestly given how sparse it is but we have to deal with what the texts say. -RR
- Introduced to the Azores, Madeira, and Canary Islands, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily.: this is a compound list thanks to the and after Madeira, so we need a semicolon for every comma after Canary Islands.
- Done -RR
- The oldest known fossils of the currently living European rabbit species, Oryctolagus cuniculus, appeared in the Middle Pleistocene age in southern Spain: slight nit-pick: better to say that they date from then (we care about when the rabbit lived, not when the corpse became a fossil). Better nit-pick: can we put a date on the Middle Pleistocene?
- I wrote it out later for some reason. 0.6 Mya. Redone. -RR
- I would spell out MYA on first use.
- Done (with the Ma template also). -RR
- The first fossils assignable to the genus Oryctolagus appeared during the Miocene epoch: as above.
- Glacial activity would confine European rabbit populations to the Iberian Peninsula and southern France by the Early Holocene epoch: ditto. I think this needs a bit more explanation (e.g. that and when glaciers spread over most of what is now northern and central Europe).
- I had trouble here... I was able to find information on widespread permafrost, but not what the specific glaciation event was. -RR
- It's the Last Glacial Period: the existence of the glaciers whose retreat (the Holocene glacial retreat) started the Holocene. UndercoverClassicist T·C 17:04, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- I had trouble here... I was able to find information on widespread permafrost, but not what the specific glaciation event was. -RR
- Adult European rabbits measure on average 40 centimetres (16 inches) in length, and typically weigh 1.2–2.0 kilograms (2.6–4.4 pounds).: it's a bit odd that we've got a single length figure but a large range of weights -- do we have 40cm long rabbits weighing 1.2kg and weighing 2kg?
- I updated that with 2016 numbers (in a 2026 work). Larger(?) ranges. -RR
- Size and weight vary according to food and habitat quality, with rabbits living on light soil with nothing but grass to feed on being noticeably smaller than specimens living on highly cultivated farmlands with plenty of roots and clover: more readable and flows better as Size and weight vary according to food and habitat quality. Rabbits living on light soil with nothing but grass to feed on are noticeably smaller than specimens living on highly cultivated farmlands with plenty of roots and clover.
- I think I corrected this from another reviewer's comments as you were writing this! -RR
- One large specimen, caught in February 1890 in Lichfield: I would clarify that Lichfield is in England.
- +England, -RR
- The skull of the European rabbit displays a significant facial tilt of roughly 45° forward relative to the base of the skull at rest, which supports their means: agreement is off here.
- Changed to 'its' -RR
- their growth and use is correlated to that of the rest of the rabbit's body,: correlated with. The use of the rabbit's hind legs is correlated with the use of the rest of its body?
- I couldn't find explanation on this in the original source or elsewhere, this is removed and the paragraph expanded with a different, more recent source. -RR
- The degree of territorial behaviour varies with habitat; for example, rabbits found in chalk grassland are more territorial than those found in regions with abundant shrubs: has anyone suggested why?
- This altered behaviour isn't mentioned often and the cited source doesn't provide a reason why it happens - might be best to exclude this for now. -RR
- it typically only moves 25 m (82 ft): assuming the 25m is the original figure, I would round to 80: I don't think the source mean 25 as opposed to 24 or 26.
- Rounded with sig figs. -RR
- Dominance hierarchies exist in parallel for both bucks and does: we haven't yet explained what these are: we previously said "males" and "females". I would be tempted to stick with that, but we should at least bracket on first mention.
- I added clarifications at the start of the section ("males, referred to as bucks...") and also added etymology to the relevant section before (copied from Rabbit). -RR
- Introduced populations in the Southern Hemisphere experience breeding seasons during the other half of the calendar year: this is exactly the reason we have MOS:SEASON: we've previously said that the breeding season runs from autumn to spring. In the Northern Hemisphere, that's roughly September to May, but in the southern hemisphere, it's roughly March to October. What we currently have is ambiguous: do we mean that it's the other half of the months, or the opposite seasons? A rework is needed, I think.
- I think that sentence is an unnecessary inclusion. What other half of the calendar year? One was mentioned to begin with. -- Reconrabbit 16:07, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Well, "from spring to autumn" would be the obvious misreading. UndercoverClassicist T·C 16:55, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Right. I also meant "wasn't mentioned" above. I believe all of the above points have been answered now (is "During the Last Glacial Maximum," appropriate for one of the un-replied notes?). -- Reconrabbit 17:13, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- With a date, I assume? Would sound good to me in that case. UndercoverClassicist T·C 16:12, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- I've tried to give dates based on "by the start of the Early Holocene" but the texts have been reticent on providing concrete time periods for when the glaciers started and stopped affecting the rabbit populations. -RR
- With a date, I assume? Would sound good to me in that case. UndercoverClassicist T·C 16:12, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Right. I also meant "wasn't mentioned" above. I believe all of the above points have been answered now (is "During the Last Glacial Maximum," appropriate for one of the un-replied notes?). -- Reconrabbit 17:13, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- their mouths lack the bare-earth characteristic of burrow entrances: no hyphen here.
- Done -RR
- I notice that the "Communication" section has recently been orange-tagged. Can you think of what information might be missing here, bearing WP:DUEWEIGHT in mind?
- Mariomassone added that tag with a note about 'body language' not being covered in depth, which is a fair thing to note if it is present in literature. Right now there is only one sentence on non-verbal communication, but you can find all kinds of websites that say things like "what is my rabbit feeling based on its ears position?" I'll look into it. -RR
- Grasslands in Doñana National Park,: I would give the country here.
- Done -RR
- It may live up to the treeline: it's not massively clear what this means: we're talking about altitude, I think?
- I removed this sentence - the intended meaning is "it will inhabit the entire grassland up to the point where it becomes forest", but it does not seem like a particularly helpful sentence and I don't have Harris and Yalden to refer back to (one of the few works that is heavily cited here I don't have access to). -RR
- as long as the land is well-drained and shelter is available.: no hyphen.
- Done -RR
- Warrens tend to be larger and have more interconnected tunnels: to have.
- Done -RR
- The European rabbit's grazing habits tend to promote their ideal open habitat: singular/plural mismatch here.
- Changed to 'its'. Also made some changes in the Diet section. -RR
- favouring the young, succulent leaves and shoots of the most nutritious species: might be tempted to cut succulent: it's not really our job to give tasting notes on grass, and this would avoid the misreading that we're talking about the leaves of succulent plants.
- That is... a weird descriptor that I left in. Reworded. -RR
- In the region posterior to the colon in the hindgut, soft pellets (caecotropes) filled with protein-rich bacteria are formed: this could be clearer: perhaps "after passing it through the colon, the rabbit's digestive system forms it into soft pellets..."
- Passive voice is too much of a habit. Keeping "In the region..." but connected it differently. -RR
- Brown rats can be a serious threat to kittens,: I would say "to rabbit kittens", as we've been talking about quite a few different species here.
- Clarified as "young rabbits" and added a more recent source on this. Surprisingly there are not many published works on rats attacking rabbits. -RR
- During escape, the tail display may serve two functions: One, as an honest signal, it indicates to a predator that the rabbit would be costly to catch; two, it may help to confuse the predator: MOS:COLON has recently been updated to advise not using a capital letter after one, and I'm not convinced that we'd use one here even under the old system.
- Fixed -RR
- A study in Spain suggests it may avoid areas where the recent scat of predators which have eaten rabbit is detected: it's not a medical article, but there's some good sense in WP:MEDRS on things like this -- many studies don't replicate or otherwise turn out to have problems, so it's often unwise to put too much weight on them until they get picked up in review articles, books and so on. How confident are we that this one makes WP:DUEWEIGHT?
- I'm commenting this out; I wasn't able to find any reviews citing it. -RR
- I don't really understand the bit about RHD. It sounds like the first bit we're talking about, which kills animals within 30 days, is the rarer but stronger strain?
- This had to be updated quite a bit, so it should be more straightforward now.
- a common ancestor that obtained this trait roughly 8 million years : there's an external link on the 8, which doesn't seem to fit Wikipedia:External links: External links normally should not be placed in the body of an article.
- This is formed by Template:Ma, it also appears in the Fossils section earlier. I removed it for now. -RR
- Are gene names italicised? We vary.
- I think the intention was for the CCRs to refer to the protein the gene encodes, but that doesn't make a lot of sense with the word "gene" right there. -RR
- The gene IGKC1, responsible for the principal immunoglobulin light chain, shows high amino acid divergence between domesticated types and ferals derived from them. This divergence can be as high as 40%, and indicates high genetic diversity of populations surviving over evolutionary time scales.: is this bit really about diseases, parasites, or immunity? I'm not seeing it.
Traumnovelle
- During the 1950s, the intentional introduction of a virus that causes myxomatosis provided some relief in Australia. I don't see why myxoma virus shouldn't be mentioned here.
- Myxomatosis can also infect pet rabbits (the same species) is it necessary to mention 'same species' as its mentioned further up that the domestic rabbit is the domesticated form of the European rabbit?
- strain of a second deadly rabbit virus, rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD)
RHD is a disease not a virus.
- cecotropes caecotropes in British English. Traumnovelle (talk) 00:01, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
- File:The Rabbit (1898) 'Maternal instinct'.png book was published in London but there is no UK tag for the copyright.
- File:Animal Parcours 08.jpg evidence the account has the rights from Parc'Ours to upload this image is required. Traumnovelle (talk) 20:40, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Lodge passed 72 years ago so PD-old-auto has been applied. The latter image was replaced with File:Rabbit - French Lop breed 2.jpg but I can find a better image if I keep looking. I was also considering File:Domestic mini lop rabbit.jpg -- Reconrabbit 21:56, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Support Traumnovelle (talk) 19:11, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Bgsu98 (3/7/26)
- Lead
- You don't need to wikilink Spain, Portugal, or France.
- Subspecies
- You don't need to wikilink Australia, New Zealand, Chile, or Africa.
- You don't need to wikilink Portugal or Spain.
- Description
- "The skeleton and musculature of the European rabbit, like other leporids (rabbits and hares), are suited to survival..."
- Reproduction and development
- Recommend de-wikilinking the seasons, as those are exceedingly common words.
- Are baby rabbits called "kits" or "kittens"?
- Diet
- "...creating a gradient of low vegetation and nutritional content closer to the burrow (where grazing is most intense) to high vegetation and available nutrition further away (where the rabbit is more exposed to predators and uses more energy to escape)" --> Recommend removing the parentheses and offsetting those phrases with commas instead.
- "...for about 2 to 8 days"
- "Like other lagomorphs..." What are lagomorphs?
- Diseases, parasites and immunity
- "...on the 11th or 12th day of infection"
- Origins
- I'm not sure the "Southern" in "Southern France" needs to be capitalized.
- Photo caption: "Two rabbits on the steps of the Finnish National Opera in Helsinki"
- Done all of the above -RR
- Linguistic record
- "Hyraxes, like rabbits, are not rodents." --> This does not seem to be a relevant detail and could probably be deleted.
- De-wikilink Greece and Italy.
- "...because the species wasn't native to Greece and Italy (though it is present there nowadays)." --> Like above, recommend removing the parentheses and offsetting with a comma instead.
- Domestication
- "The European rabbit has been refined into a wide variety of breeds[1] during and since the emergence of animal fancy in the 19th century." --> Citations should occur only after punctuation marks or at the end of sentences, so that first citation (currently source no. 97) should move to the end of the sentence.
- As an introduced species
- "The first known mention of the rabbit as an invasive species (and possibly the first documented instance of an invasive species ever) was made in regard..." --> Recommend offsetting the phrase in parentheses with either commas or en-dashes.
- De-wikilink Australia and New Zealand, and Ireland.
- "...from the 11th through 13th centuries"
- Again, de-wikilink New Zealand.
- "Myxomatosis can also infect pet rabbits
(the same species)." --> That last element is unnecessary. - "RHD was also introduced—illegally—in New Zealand with less success due to improper timing." --> I would remove the dashes.
- Dewikilink Chile and Ukraine.
- "the early 20th century by Austrian nobleman Graf Malokhovsky," --> Recommend slightly rephrasing "the early 20th century by the Austrian nobleman, Graf Malokhovsky,"
- Dewikilink Switzerland.
- "...in 1894 or 1895"
User:Reconrabbit: Let me know when you've had a chance to examine my comments! Bgsu98 (Talk) 12:30, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Bgsu98 ▪︎3 should be "...from the 11th to the 13th centuries" ("11th through 13th" is incomplete as it necessitates a later end time, except in American, which this page is not) - MPF (talk) 15:34, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Bgsu98 I've looked at all of your comments and have made all of these changes. I would have liked to find a better solution to the mid-sentence footnote under Domestication as that source does not provide a timeline of the breeds' introduction, as does the reference that follows and was originally at the end of that sentence. -- Reconrabbit 14:33, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
MPF
- A full check-through for engvar consistent with the tag at the top of the page is needed. I spotted, and corrected, a few engvar errors, but could easily have missed some.
- Images: Both the taxobox image, and the nominate subspecies in the subspecies section, show feral animals outside of the species' native range. These should be replaced with photos of native individuals if at all possible. - MPF (talk) 02:42, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- I'm sorry to be difficult, but I don't think this is a major consideration. MOS:IMAGEREL tells us to pick the image that most looks like the thing we're describing; MOS:IMAGEQUALITY to Use the best quality images available. Yes, if there are images of equal quality of rabbits in their native range, we might think about swapping them, but switching for an image of lower quality for that reason would be a mistake. I note that the infobox image in particular is a particularly good one, aesthetically and as an illustration. UndercoverClassicist T·C 15:48, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- I think it's reasonable to have an image representative of the nominate subspecies in its native range, which I added in the subspecies table. There are many available on iNaturalist. I agree that the infobox image should remain. -- Reconrabbit 16:36, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- @UndercoverClassicist @Reconrabbit thanks; but I'd disagree on the taxobox image, precisely because of the introductory sentence, "Due to their history of domestication, selective breeding, and introduction to non-native habitats, wild and domesticated European rabbits across the world can vary widely in size, shape, and colour" - a specimen from an introduced population is not fully representative of the species. It's like you wouldn't use a photo of a dog in the taxobox of wolf; even though it is the same species, it is not reliably representative of the natural wild form - MPF (talk) 17:11, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- The infobox photo can replace the current image that provides heading for the section "In Australia and New Zealand". What do you think of this image of (probably) O. c. cuniculus in northeastern Spain? https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/49453023 -- Reconrabbit 17:26, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Reconrabbit thanks! Yes, that's a good idea on using the current box photo for the Au & NZ section. That one at iNat is a nicely focussed pic, but it is very small; I'd think there might be better? I'll take a look myself later - MPF (talk) 17:44, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- Some more options: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/235971415, https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/279456872, https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/271957949, https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/94969762 (kinda grainy). -- Reconrabbit 18:27, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Reconrabbit thanks! Yes, that's a good idea on using the current box photo for the Au & NZ section. That one at iNat is a nicely focussed pic, but it is very small; I'd think there might be better? I'll take a look myself later - MPF (talk) 17:44, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- The infobox photo can replace the current image that provides heading for the section "In Australia and New Zealand". What do you think of this image of (probably) O. c. cuniculus in northeastern Spain? https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/49453023 -- Reconrabbit 17:26, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- @UndercoverClassicist @Reconrabbit thanks; but I'd disagree on the taxobox image, precisely because of the introductory sentence, "Due to their history of domestication, selective breeding, and introduction to non-native habitats, wild and domesticated European rabbits across the world can vary widely in size, shape, and colour" - a specimen from an introduced population is not fully representative of the species. It's like you wouldn't use a photo of a dog in the taxobox of wolf; even though it is the same species, it is not reliably representative of the natural wild form - MPF (talk) 17:11, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- I think it's reasonable to have an image representative of the nominate subspecies in its native range, which I added in the subspecies table. There are many available on iNaturalist. I agree that the infobox image should remain. -- Reconrabbit 16:36, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- I'm sorry to be difficult, but I don't think this is a major consideration. MOS:IMAGEREL tells us to pick the image that most looks like the thing we're describing; MOS:IMAGEQUALITY to Use the best quality images available. Yes, if there are images of equal quality of rabbits in their native range, we might think about swapping them, but switching for an image of lower quality for that reason would be a mistake. I note that the infobox image in particular is a particularly good one, aesthetically and as an illustration. UndercoverClassicist T·C 15:48, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- The Dewlaps section needs some clarification / expansion; personally, I've never seen dewlaps on a wild rabbit, but they are large and obvious on domesticated rabbits. Are they present, but small and inconspicuous, on wild rabbits, or actually absent? In many birds, secondary sex characteristics (like bill knobs) are either absent, or very small, in wild populations, but highly exaggerated in domesticated breeds (compare e.g. wild Swan Goose with the domesticated variant). I'm guessing the same might apply with rabbits, but don't know - MPF (talk) 11:31, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- I am finding trouble getting a hold of any literature that describes the dewlap in wild rabbits. Either it is not mentioned at all (species accounts by
- Schai-Braun & Hackländer 2016, Delibes-Mateos et al 2018, Delibes-Mateos et al 2023) or describe it as "large and pendulous, more prominent in the female" (veterinary manuals and accounts obviously describing domesticated breeds). -- Reconrabbit 14:14, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks! I wonder if this whole Dewlaps subsection might be better moved to the Domestication section, then? - MPF (talk) 16:23, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- I don't know if it's really appropriate there. It is a component of their physiology. Maybe it could be moved entirely to domestic rabbit? -- Reconrabbit 20:49, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks! I wonder if this whole Dewlaps subsection might be better moved to the Domestication section, then? - MPF (talk) 16:23, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- One more thing that's been niggling at me: under the Taxonomy section, we have "Populations considered native to North Africa, ..., were likely introduced by Phoenicians navigating the Mediterranean Sea; they are considered to be O. c. cuniculus ...., BUT the accepted southwestern Iberian subspecies is O. c. algirus Loche, 1858. If this isn't named after (and thus originally described from) Algeria, I'll be very surprised. If I'm right, we are either dealing with a widespread misapplication of Loche's name, or else the contention that North African rabbits are introduced from the nominate subspecies is wrong. It'll necessitate digging out Loche's protologue, which may not be easy to find. And even then, anything we say would strongly risk contravening WP:NOR . . . MPF (talk) 23:14, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ha! Yes, I'm right: Lapin d'Algérie Cuniculus algirus. Nothing to do with southwestern Iberia. Big can of worms to be opened! - MPF (talk) 00:09, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Frustratingly this article that discusses both subspecies tosses out "algirus is endemic to northern Africa" without explaining how that's possible. I could use this article along with the 2016 account to support a statement like "the endemic populations found in northern Morocco and Algeria pertain to algirus, while introduced populations in northern Africa previously considered as the subspecies O. c. habetensis are synonymous with cuniculus"? -- Reconrabbit 00:24, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- The original account of Cuniculus algirus to which Loche's authority is given is fairly unhelpful: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41949401#page/43/mode/1up. It at least establishes that the Iberian rabbit (then the Algerian rabbit) lived in Algeria and was discovered by Victor Loche if nothing else. Schai-Braun & Hackländer write in 2016 that O. c. algirus is restricted to SW Iberian Peninsula, N Morocco, and N Algeria. The discrepancy in the described distribution probably comes from Fontanesi, Utzeri and Ribani 2021, which doesn't include Africa at all when describing subspecies and their invasion out of Iberia. I have added to the subspecies table the locations where huxleyi is found too. Just have to reconcile the above paragraph since I have not found a work that describes how habetensis is part of cuniculus but algirus is allowed to stay (or when its common name changed). -- Reconrabbit 00:13, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Good sleuthing! I'm not even convinced that Loche's name is validly published; there's no diagnosis or description to support his new name. All there is, is a citation of Lereboullet in Gervais's Histoire naturelle des mammifères, and all that has (here) is Le Lapin de l'Algérie a été décrit par M. Lereboullet comme avant aussi des caractères particuliers. ("The Rabbit of Algeria which is described by Mr. Lereboullet also has some particular characters."). Hardly saying how it can be distinguished! I'd like to hope that Loche deposited a type specimen in a museum which has subsequently been DNA-tested and found to match SW Iberian samples, but I won't hold my breath! Unfortunately doing any real work on all this would be original research not suited to wikipedia . . . - MPF (talk) 01:31, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- I have made some changes based on UC's analysis. No comment on the subspecies name (besides that nearly everyone accepts it as "Iberian rabbit" now). -- Reconrabbit 19:45, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- I emailed the author of a recent paper and actually heard back!!! They pointed me to this article: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12549-024-00605-6 -- Reconrabbit 10:30, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Good sleuthing! I'm not even convinced that Loche's name is validly published; there's no diagnosis or description to support his new name. All there is, is a citation of Lereboullet in Gervais's Histoire naturelle des mammifères, and all that has (here) is Le Lapin de l'Algérie a été décrit par M. Lereboullet comme avant aussi des caractères particuliers. ("The Rabbit of Algeria which is described by Mr. Lereboullet also has some particular characters."). Hardly saying how it can be distinguished! I'd like to hope that Loche deposited a type specimen in a museum which has subsequently been DNA-tested and found to match SW Iberian samples, but I won't hold my breath! Unfortunately doing any real work on all this would be original research not suited to wikipedia . . . - MPF (talk) 01:31, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ha! Yes, I'm right: Lapin d'Algérie Cuniculus algirus. Nothing to do with southwestern Iberia. Big can of worms to be opened! - MPF (talk) 00:09, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Lead
- "wild and domesticated European rabbits across the world" → "wild and domesticated European rabbits worldwide"
- A suggestion.
- I changed it to "around the world" rather than "across", which I prefer here instead of "worldwide" -RR
- A suggestion.
- "every continent with the exception of Antarctica" → "every continent except Antarctica"
MSincccc (talk) 17:40, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- Naming and etymology
- "old French" → "Old French"
- "celtiberian" → "Celtiberian"
- I don't see this in lowercase anywhere -RR
- Connil comes from the
- If you don't have any issues with a double space, it is fine. Else I just wanted to point out that there's a double space after "comes".
- I don't mind fixing it -RR
- If you don't have any issues with a double space, it is fine. Else I just wanted to point out that there's a double space after "comes".
- Evolution
- The following cladogram encompassing the known genera of rabbits and hares is based on work done by Matthee and colleagues in 2004 and clarifications from Abrantes and colleagues in 2011
- Iberian Peninsula could be linked on first mention in the body (rather than on the second mention).
- "Molecular studies confirm that the resemblance between the two is due to convergent evolution" → "Molecular studies confirm the resemblance is due to convergent evolution"
- all of which were characteristics not seen in hares
- This portion could be rephrased/trimmed.
- An attempt was made. -RR
- This portion could be rephrased/trimmed.
- Description
- Size and weight vary according to food and habitat quality, with rabbits living on light soil with nothing but grass to feed on being noticeably smaller than specimens living on highly cultivated farmlands with plenty of roots and clover.
- This sentence could be trimmed.
- Split off the first third. -RR
- This sentence could be trimmed.
MSincccc (talk) 04:38, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Life history and behaviour
- "Nonverbal communication" → "Non-verbal communication"
- Oxford spelling.
- "Male ranges tend to be larger than those held by females"
→ "Male ranges tend to be larger than those of females"
- More idiomatic?
- "Female home ranges have been observed as larger than those of males" → "Female home ranges have been observed to be larger than those of males"
MSincccc (talk) 09:03, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- Held by is less clear than "of" , changed that. Was unaware of the oxford spelling there. Corrected all of these per your recommendations -- Reconrabbit 14:12, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ecology
- "up to treeline" → "up to the treeline"
- "pass down to the rectum" → "pass to the rectum"
- "after which the eyelids swell, with the inflammation quickly spreading to the base of the ears, the forehead, and nose" → "after which the eyelids swell, and the inflammation quickly spreads..."
- You could rephrase it; I leave it to you.
- During escape, the display of the tail can serve both to indicate the rabbit's ability to escape through honest signalling, which shows a potential predator that the rabbit would take a lot of energy to catch, and to potentially confuse a predator.
- You could split this sentence and/or rephrase it. It reads a bit too long at present.
- "with death usually following on the 11th or 12th day of infection" → "with death usually following on day 11 or 12"
MSincccc (talk) 09:35, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ii've added all of these changes (and changed "dwell" to "live" in the first referenced sentence). I don't love the way I had to rewrite the section about honest signalling, if you have a better suggestion please offer it. -- Reconrabbit 16:17, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Reconrabbit Apologies for the delay. How about this: During escape, the tail display may serve two functions. One, as an honest signal, it indicates to a predator that the rabbit would be costly to catch. Two, it may help confuse the predator. MSincccc (talk) 12:55, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- Human relationships with rabbits
- "a term sometimes described as 'rabbit starvation'" → "sometimes termed 'rabbit starvation'"
- Might be 'termed as' but I am going with your wording -RR
- "archaeological studies finding uses of their bones" → "archaeological studies have found that their bones were used"
- More idiomatic?
- Changed along with the transition from ...besides their meat... -RR
- More idiomatic?
- Catullus used the name cuniculus (a latinization of the Western Iberian word κόνικλος[11] and the etymological origin of the Castilian name conejo, Portuguese coelho and Catalan conill,[115] and the English name coney[116]), and referenced its abundance in Celtiberia by calling this region cuniculosa, i.e. rabbit-ridden.
- It's a bit long and could be split. How about making use of an explanatory footnote?
- I used an efn and clarified Catullus' nationality/profession. -RR
- It's a bit long and could be split. How about making use of an explanatory footnote?
- "is the only rabbit to" → "is the only rabbit species to"
- Done -RR
- The European rabbit has been refined into a wide variety of breeds during and since the emergence of animal fancy in the 19th century,[122][123] and several breeds are widely used in research; the European rabbit is one of the first mammals to have its whole genome sequenced, and it has been important in the field of immune system research.[124]
- This sentence could be split as well.
- You're right. The addition on use in research doesn't need to be tacked on with a comma and semicolon. -RR
- This sentence could be split as well.
- "used since ancient times in efforts to raise" → "used since ancient times to produce"
- Done -RR
- "third most popular house pet" → "third most popular pet"
- More standard?
- Makes sense, pets are generally house pets. -RR
- More standard?
- The European rabbit has been introduced as an exotic species into several environments, often with harmful results to vegetation and local wildlife, making it an invasive species.
- I would suggest avoiding repetition of "species".
- Reworded (by removing "as an exotic species"). -RR
- I would suggest avoiding repetition of "species".
- Though the European rabbit thrives in many of the locations where it was introduced, within its native range in Iberia, populations are dwindling.
- A suggestion.
- Taken, done. -RR
- A suggestion.
- Bottom line
- Reconrabbit Overall, I found the prose to be engaging, but a few sentences could be trimmed and/or rephrased for clarity. I look forward to your response. Best, MSincccc (talk) 09:28, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Reconrabbit I look forward to your response. A gentle ping, in case you missed my final batch. Best, MSincccc (talk) 15:49, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hello, I did see your last batch, it's just taking me time to get to these last notes. Distracted. -- Reconrabbit 18:11, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Okay, done. -- Reconrabbit 18:42, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- No worries. I have no further suggestions.
- I will support the nomination. MSincccc (talk) 05:29, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- @FAC coordinators: This nomination has not seen any comments in the last nine days. MSincccc (talk) 14:26, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
Source review
- "Lacher et al. 2016" throws an error message "harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLacherMurphyRoganSmith2016 (help)".
- Some sources give pp and then only one page number.
- I am not sure that I'd use The Guardian or Suomen Kuvalehti for a scientific question, better use the primary source if there is one.
- What makes "Blázquez, José Maria (1975). La romanización. Ciclos y temas de la historia de España (in Spanish). Istmo S.A. ISBN 978-84-7090-068-6.", "López Seoane, V. (1861). Fáuna Mastológica de Galicia, ó historia natural de los mamíferos de este antiguo Reino, aplicada á la medicina, á la agricultura, á la industria, á las artes y al comercio [Mammalian Fauna of Galicia, or Natural History of the Mammals of this Ancient Kingdom, Applied to Medicine, Agriculture, Industry, the Arts, and Commerce] (in Spanish). Manuel Mirás.", "Savory, Theodore Horace (16 January 1962). "Naming the Living World" – via Google Books.", "Russo, Tom (12 July 2023). "Carnival company hands out rabbits, unaware of Greenfield ordinance". Greenfield Daily Reporter.", "Swenson, Haylie (28 April 2020). "Hares, conies, and rabbits: The hunted and the melancholy". Folger Shakespeare Library. Retrieved 31 March 2026." and https://fabclinicians.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Companion-Rabbit-Article.pdf a reliable source?
- Matthee, Conrad A.; et al. (2004). is throwing an "unused" error. As is "Vennen, Kristine M.; Mitchell, Mark A. (1 January 2009). "Rabbits". In Mitchell, Mark A.; Tully, Thomas N"
Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:37, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- I am not getting that error, it may be having trouble calling Template:HMW Volume 6 correctly. This has happened before, but I don't know why that reference would fail and not Lagomorphs2018. I directly gave it the harvid parameter to try and fix it.
- Fixed.
- I have replaced or removed the Guardian and Suomen Kuvalehti sources with academic papers where appropriate. Addley 2019 could be kept as a supplement to Hatcher & Battey 2011, but it is out for now.
- I will explain my reasoning for using (or presumed reason if others added) the named sources below. I can see reasoning for replacing some more than others.
- Matthee 2004 has been superseded by Lopez-Seoane et al., 2019; removed. Vennen & Mitchell 2009 footnote was removed when the section on Dewlaps was migrated to the Domestic rabbit article.
- Blázquez, José Maria (1975). La romanización. Ciclos y temas de la historia de España (in Spanish). Istmo S.A. ISBN 978-84-7090-068-6: Blázquez was an authority on the ancient history of Spain; this work and below were cited by Menah the Great, who I asked for page numbers, for the section on Roman history. I can look for more recent sources on the subject.
- López Seoane, V. (1861). Fáuna Mastológica de Galicia, ó historia natural de los mamíferos de este antiguo Reino, aplicada á la medicina, á la agricultura, á la industria, á las artes y al comercio [Mammalian Fauna of Galicia, or Natural History of the Mammals of this Ancient Kingdom, Applied to Medicine, Agriculture, Industry, the Arts, and Commerce] (in Spanish). Manuel Mirás: See above.
- Savory, Theodore Horace (16 January 1962). "Naming the Living World" – via Google Books.: Savory was an arachnologist and translator. This book was positively reviewed in The American Biology Teacher and Science.
- Russo, Tom (12 July 2023). "Carnival company hands out rabbits, unaware of Greenfield ordinance". Greenfield Daily Reporter.: Removed this and the other associated citation; I don't see much in secondary sources describing carnival prizes as major sources of abandoned rabbits.
- Swenson, Haylie (28 April 2020). "Hares, conies, and rabbits: The hunted and the melancholy". Folger Shakespeare Library. Retrieved 31 March 2026: While it is listed under "blogs", this is a secondary source that provides citations to literary references of rabbits, which are directly linked and confirm e.g. that Gascoigne did describe a method for hunting Conies with ferrets.
- https://fabclinicians.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Companion-Rabbit-Article.pdf: This has been replaced with Delibes-Mateos et al., 2018. @Jo-Jo Eumerus: -- Reconrabbit 16:06, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- I guess this is fine, then. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:12, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
Cognition
Cognitions are mental processes that deal with knowledge. They are a pervasive part of mental life, encompassing psychological activities that acquire, store, retrieve, transform, or apply information. This is a level-4 vital article with over 400,000 page views last year. Thanks to Magnesium Cube for the GA review and to Yesterday, all my dreams... for the peer review. Phlsph7 (talk) 10:21, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- File:Simplified model of perception and memory.svg: OK
- File:Generalization process using trees.svg: OK
- File:Metacognition2.svg: OK
- File:Artificial neural network colored.svg: OK
- File:Jean Piaget in Ann Arbor (cropped).png: OK (found a full scan of the same yearbook here and couldn't find a copyright notice)
- File:BonoboFishing04.jpeg: OK
- File:1206 FMRI.jpg: OK
- File:John Locke.jpg: OK
- Hello Howardcorn33 and thanks for the image review! Phlsph7 (talk) 13:42, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Lead
- Connectionism models the mind as a complex network of nodes where information flows as nodes communicate with each other.
- Definition
- You could link "sensory information" on first mention in the body.
- This information is then transformed as different ideas are linked, resulting in the storage of information as memories and beliefs are formed.
- cognition is not limited to humans and encompasses animal and artificial cognition
MSincccc (talk) 06:54, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- Types of cognitive processes
- This distinction rests on the idea that higher-order processes depend on basic processes and could not occur without them.
- "Data from these different modalities is integrated" → "Data from these different modalities are integrated"
- "a cognitive process that was initially controlled can become automatic, thereby freeing up cognitive resources for other tasks." → "a process that was initially controlled can become automatic, freeing up resources for other activities."
MSincccc (talk) 16:36, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- Development
- Jean Piaget's theory divides
- A surface reader might assume the theory to be linked to a general article on theory rather than a specific one.
- I moved the wikilink to Jean Piaget to a later mention so that the whole expression now links to Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Phlsph7 (talk) 18:43, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- A surface reader might assume the theory to be linked to a general article on theory rather than a specific one.
- I will read through the Theories later, when I have the time.
MSincccc (talk) 16:41, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- Non-human
- Another often-studied capacity is the power to form and remember a spatial map of the environment.
- expressed in the ability to understand a category and apply it to novel instances
MSincccc (talk) 13:23, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- In various fields
- You could link to Computational model and Mathematical model.
- "The choice of method depends a lot on the studied cognitive process" → "The choice of method depends on the studied cognitive process"
- Another method examines patients with brain damage. It seeks to understand the role of a brain area indirectly by studying how cognition changes if the area is impaired.
- How about spinning off "History" into a section of its own rather than a subsection?
MSincccc (talk) 08:39, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Theories (Classical computationalism)
- "cognitions operate on strings to create new strings" → "cognitions operate on strings to create new ones"
- "individual processes work similar to an electronic calculator" → "individual processes work similarly to an electronic calculator"
- "The intermediary level involves the decomposition of the process into" → "The intermediary level decomposes the process into individual steps"
- "mental states like beliefs and desires are realized through mentalese sentences" → "mental states like beliefs and desires are realized as mentalese sentences"
More to follow. MSincccc (talk) 16:03, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- Theories (Connectionism)
- "The nodes are locally linked with each other"
→ "The nodes are locally linked to each other."
- "At the end of the process stands an output layer" → "At the end of the process is an output layer"
- "and broadcast to nodes" → "and is broadcast to nodes"
- "on a higher level of abstraction" → "at a higher level of abstraction"
- "electrochemical activities of neurons" → "electrochemical activity of neurons"
- A few more suggestions. Please don't mind if the review is taking longer than usual. MSincccc (talk) 17:12, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- Theories (Representationalism and anti-representationalism)
- "depict the state of the world" → "depict states of the world"
- "arises from the interaction between an organism and its environment" → "arises from interaction between an organism and its environment"
- "critical of the prioritization of internal representations" → "critical of prioritizing internal representations"
MSincccc (talk) 07:01, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- I also noticed that a source uses Anti-Represenationalism: Dynamical Stystems Theory, A-Life and Embodied Cognition.
Should it be "Anti-Representationalism" or is it intentionally misspelt? MSincccc (talk) 10:23, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Nice catch. It turns out that it is a spelling mistake in the source. I fixed it. Phlsph7 (talk) 10:34, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Theories (Other theories)
- "that the mind is entirely composed of modules" → "that the mind is entirely modular"
- Its central idea is that representations of the environment can be more or less reliable and that the laws of probability theory describe how to integrate information and manage uncertainty.
- "the brain creates and adjusts its internal representation of the environment by predicting what is going to happen, comparing the predictions to reality, and updating the internal representation accordingly" → "the brain predicts outcomes, checks them against reality, and updates its internal model" or similar versions.
- Bottom line
Phlsph7 That should be all from me. I might return with a more suggestions later, if any, but the article is in good shape. MSincccc (talk) 15:07, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for all the helpful comments! Phlsph7 (talk) 18:55, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Good luck with Cognition. Hopefully, it won't meet the same fate as Rules of inference. I will support the nomination. Cheers. MSincccc (talk) 10:30, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- Yes, I have my fingers crossed. It was not quite enough for Rules of inference, but it's looking better here so far. Phlsph7 (talk) 11:01, 17 March 2026 (UTC)
- Good luck with Cognition. Hopefully, it won't meet the same fate as Rules of inference. I will support the nomination. Cheers. MSincccc (talk) 10:30, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
UC
At first glance, looks like another well-presented and clearly explained Phlsph7 article on the basics of philosophy. I don't really feel qualified to comment on most of the content, so will focus on clarity and any grammatical/MoS mistakes I can spot.
- Hi UndercoverClassicist, thanks for leaving your comfort zone to review this article! Phlsph7 (talk) 18:22, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
More to follow. As ever, I'm enjoying it greatly: I apologise for the nit-pickiness of many of these, but I hope they're to the good of the article. UndercoverClassicist T·C 21:18, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi UC, is there more to come from you? Gog the Mild (talk) 15:49, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
Yup -- will take another look now.
- the node's activation value is determined by its weighted inputs and broadcast to nodes in the subsequent layer.: I was doing pretty well with this paragraph until here: I have no idea what most of this means.
- They assert that intelligence arises from interaction between an organism and its environment rather than from internal processes alone: the interaction or interactions, I think.
- following stimulus-response patterns: endash (and one later).
- environmental stimuli are directly processed and translated into behavior: you'll know more about this than me, but is that quite fair to the behaviorists? My understanding was that they considered the intermediate steps unknoweable (and therefore not worth bothering with as scientists), not that they denied that people/animals actually had internal psychology between stimulus and action.
- The point in this context is not that there is no internal psychology in the widest sense (some processing still needs to happen) but that no mental representations mediate between stimulus and response. I slightly qualified the claim to not imply that all behaviorists (such as pure methodological behaviorists) hold this. From Groome 2005: situated robotics ... the workers in this field have abandoned any attempt to build a representational model of the world and rely on direct processing of the environmental stimuli ... it appears to echo some of the claims of the behaviourists in their emphasis on the study of stimulus-response associations at the expense of mental states.
- 4E cognition examines the relation between mind, body, and environment, including embodied, embedded, extended, and enactive cognition.: "including" makes it sound like this list is non-exhaustive.
- Enactive cognition asserts that cognition arises from the active interaction between organism and environment: is there such thing as passive interaction? If so, what makes this kind of interaction different from it?
- Bayesianism is sometimes combined with predictive models. According to them: suggest "according to the latter", "according to these", or similar.
- the default-interventionist model, the automatic system generates intuitive judgments while the controlled system monitors them and intervenes if it detects problems. The parallel-competitive model, by contrast: I think we want endashes here.
- ancient Indian philosophy ... Ancient Chinese thought: can we put rough time periods on here? It's helpful to avoid the slightly reductionist/stereotyping presentation that "we" have culture/philosophy etc that's rooted in dynamic historical contigency, whereas "they" fundamentally haven't ever changed.
More to come. UndercoverClassicist T·C 16:03, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
Yestsrday, all my comments...
I am very sorry, but I did not do a proper peer review, because I did not want to be negative. I just made a couple of simple comment. This is a really complicated subject and with a 1000 apologies I should say that this article is nowhere near FA class although a lot of work has gone into it. I am sorry, that is all I can say. No further comments. Yesterday, all my dreams... (talk) 02:12, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hello Yesterday, I'm sorry to hear your vague opinion, but there is not much I can do without a "specific rationale that can be addressed". Phlsph7 (talk) 09:47, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Yesterday, all my dreams..., I'm very sorry as well, as this may sound rather blunt, and I hope this doesn't come across as sarcastic or ingenuine. However, you're (1) basically saying that this is "nowhere near FA class" without explaining why, and (2) in so doing, made several basic grammatical errors. I do not think this review is going to be helpful to the nominator. – Epicgenius (talk) 01:18, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Genius, first no need for you to be sorry. Blunt is my middle name and sarcasm is my profession, so we are in the same boat. I ONLY responded above because I was "thanked" for having done a peer review, which I had not done. If you know where my peer review is, please let me know, I would like to read it. Now, if I wanted to list all my concerns here, we would all have gray hair by the time I was half finished. The first article sentence flatly says that cognition is about knowledge. I wanted to scream. It has 3 sources but the article also talks about animals. Hello? What can I say... And the quicksand of consciousness is another issue. I will certainly not get involved in that discussion, andt I advise you not to. Twenty-five years ago David Chalmers was a bright, hopeful and energetic young man before he started walking down that path. He is still a bright fellow and knows more than then but it was obviously a hard journey. So do not go there. I will definitely say no more here. As for grammatical errors, no wway. Me make nevr no grammar or spel errors. Nevr. Yesterday, all my dreams... (talk) 15:44, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Here? Wikipedia:Peer review/Cognition/archive1
- Animals don't have cognition? -- Reconrabbit 19:36, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- I really want to stop, and will after this. But if that is a peer review, then I am Archimedes. I only commented on the choice of image and the complexity of the subject. Animals do have cognition, whatever it may be, but knowledge is a different game. And not all that deals with knowledge involves cognition... Knowledge involves information which involves entropy in some approaches. If you have a definition for information, publish it and be famous. Anyway, may be you all should start by reading this which is not mentioned in the article. Yesterday, all my dreams... (talk) 22:37, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Genius, first no need for you to be sorry. Blunt is my middle name and sarcasm is my profession, so we are in the same boat. I ONLY responded above because I was "thanked" for having done a peer review, which I had not done. If you know where my peer review is, please let me know, I would like to read it. Now, if I wanted to list all my concerns here, we would all have gray hair by the time I was half finished. The first article sentence flatly says that cognition is about knowledge. I wanted to scream. It has 3 sources but the article also talks about animals. Hello? What can I say... And the quicksand of consciousness is another issue. I will certainly not get involved in that discussion, andt I advise you not to. Twenty-five years ago David Chalmers was a bright, hopeful and energetic young man before he started walking down that path. He is still a bright fellow and knows more than then but it was obviously a hard journey. So do not go there. I will definitely say no more here. As for grammatical errors, no wway. Me make nevr no grammar or spel errors. Nevr. Yesterday, all my dreams... (talk) 15:44, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
Support from Femke
As always, exciting to delve into these broad topics. A tough topic to describe, but I'm impressed with how you manage to make it understandable and to the point.
- Why is Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument listed in see also? Seems too niche for this article
- Similarly, cognitive holding seems undue, as Cognitive shuffle and cognitive liberty
- Perception organizes sensory information, interpreting physical stimuli, such as light and sound, to construct a coherent experience of objects and events > Does 'organise sensory information' and 'interpreting physical stimuli' not express the same idea? Maybe that sentence can be slightly simplified.
- Metacognition involves knowledge about knowledge or mental processes that monitor and regulate other mental processes. -> I don't fully understand what this sentence means.
- Cognitive processes do not always function as they should and can lead to inaccuracies, either because of natural errors associated with cognitive biases or as a result of pathological impairments from cognitive disorders. -> I would put in a comma after should, because I was initially parsing this with a comma after function which is a confusing read.
- For example, prosopagnosia is a perceptual disorder in which individuals lack the ability to recognize faces without impacting other visual abilities. --> I would add a comma after faces, as " without impacting other visual abilities." refers back to prosopagnosia. Or add 'without it affecting, or 'but without affecting. Not sure what the best wording was but it took me a couple rereads to understand. Or wording like "For example, prosopagnosia is a perceptual disorder in which individuals cannot recognize faces, even though their other visual abilities remain intact."
- Cognitive scientists typically rely on idealized models that consider the activation levels of and connections between nodes without modelling the neurophysiological mechanisms in the brain that underlie these operations. --> Quite a tough read. Is "Cognitive scientists often rely on idealized models that describe activation levels and connections between nodes rather than the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms in the brain." better?
- Will pick up from development later. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 19:42, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- The different forms of memory play a central role in learning, which involves the acquisition of novel information, skills, or habits, as well as changes to existing structures --> Not sure what 'changes to existing structures' means. Can it be omitted?
- Cognitive development is most rapid during childhood. Some influences occur even before birth, due to factors like nutrition, maternal stress, and harmful substances like alcohol during pregnancy. --> these two sentences don't follow logically. The word 'even' sets up a contrast between the two sentences, but they talk about different things (speed of development vs impacts of cognition). —Femke 🐦 (talk) 21:48, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- I may be overly allergic to WP:REFERS to construction, but I'd start the animal cognition sentence something like this: Animal cognition encompasses the processes by which animals acquire, process, and use information to guide flexible, goal-directed behavior.
- no hyphen for tool-use, right? It's not an compound adjective.
- These difficulties overlap with the problem of anthropocentrism or the tendency to see human cognition as exceptional and superior to that of other animals --> Not the most elegant to have difficulties and problem so close to each other. I still love a good m-dash, despite the curse of LLMs, and would reword the sentence like "These challenges relate closely to anthropocentrism—the tendency to regard human cognition as exceptional and superior to that of other animals." —Femke 🐦 (talk) 21:48, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- Will continue from artificial later.
- phenomenal consciousness?
- Education studies is the field of inquiry examining the nature, purposes, practices, and outcomes of education. > studies already implies 'field of inquiry'. I would simply say "Education studies examine .."
- The way CBT is explained omits any mention of the behavioural element
- I added a short mention. Phlsph7 (talk) 14:00, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- I meant in describing the therapy. The way it's explained here makes it seem like CBT is only cognitive therapy. For some forms of CBT (e.g. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia), the stronger part of the evidence is for the behavioural interventions, such as 'leave your bed when you can't fall asleep within 20 minutes', or start going to bed later to avoid lying awake. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 07:46, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- I added a short mention. Phlsph7 (talk) 14:00, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Should Eleanor Rosch be mentioned in the history section? Or Anne Treisman, given Donald Broadbent is mentioned?
- I guess we could mention them but I'm not sure that it's necessary. I looked up three overview source (Smith 2001, Solso & MacLin 2000, Thagard 2023): they don't mention them. Phlsph7 (talk) 14:00, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- With a recent source not including them, I'm happy. I'm always a bit hesitant to trust sources from ~2000, as they might not give due credit to female pioneers. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 17:44, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- Note two is not quite clear: What about something like "Tip-of-the-tongue states exemplify this distinction; the first stage of meaning identification succeeds, while the second stage of phonological retrieval fails". That gives space to explain phonological rtrieval. Or is there a plain Eglish way to say this? —Femke 🐦 (talk) 08:43, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments Support from Shocksingularity
Seems like an interesting article. Sorry if I repeat any of the suggestions mentioned above, I only skimmed through them. Be warned that I am a bit of a nitpicker, don't take it too much to heart!
- Hello Shocksingularity and thanks for reviewing the article! Phlsph7 (talk) 11:17, 17 March 2026 (UTC)
Lead
- Researchers discuss diverse theories of the nature of cognition. This is kind of awkward, because it sounds like you're just trying to avoid starting the sentence with "there are". I would consider just simplifying to There are many different theories on the nature of cognition or something along those lines.
Definition
- Cognitions are a pervasive part of mental life "Mental life" is a bit awkward wording, in my opinion. Could you change it to something like Cognitions are a pervasive psychological process or Cognitions are a pervasive part of daily life?
- Thought is a paradigmatic form of cognition. I think that a lot of readers might trip over the word "paradigmatic" here. I would suggest you use a more common word.
- However, cognition is not limited to abstract reasoning You say this after mentioning thought. Does this mean that thought is a form of abstract reasoning? If so, say that.
Types of cognitive processes->Perception and attention
- [[File:Simplified model of perception and memory.svg]] Alt text is needed for this image per WP:ACCIM.
- These signals are processed in various brain regions to construct a coherent experience of distinct objects and events while situating them in a spatial-temporal framework. Wikilinking to spacetime seems weird here, considering that spacetime is a physics topic and cognition is a psychology topic. Is there any articles you could link to that relate to the psychological experience of space and time?
- I get your point, but I don't know about a fitting alternative article. I decided instead to just link the expression "spatial-temporal" so that readers unfamiliar with the term have something to click on without implying that the article also covers the part about the psychological framework. Phlsph7 (talk) 11:17, 17 March 2026 (UTC)
- Certain cognitive processes are responsible for detecting basic features in sensory data, such as edges, colors, and pitches, while others process spatial location. Which ones?
- Although sensory data is a central factor of perceptual experience, it is not the only factor, and various other forms of information influence the underlying cognitive operations. For instance, memories from earlier experiences determine which objects are experienced as familiar. Other factors include the expectations, goals, background knowledge, and belief system of the individual. You could wikilink and/or mention bottom-up and top-down approaches here. (Or a better article if there's one specifically for psychology; I couldn't find any.)
- It would be nice to have an article on these relations, but I'm not sure that we do. Bottom-up and top-down approaches is already linked in the subsection on language. Phlsph7 (talk) 11:17, 17 March 2026 (UTC)
- Attention is a central aspect of mental processes that focuses cognitive resources on certain stimuli or features. Again, what mental processes?
Types of cognitive processes->Thinking
- To assess the probability of an outcome, people use various heuristics, such as the representativeness heuristic, the availability heuristic, and anchoring. Maybe give a brief description of what each of these are?
Types of cognitive processes->Language
- The Whorfian hypothesis and the thesis of linguistic relativity propose pervasive influences... According to the wikilinked article, both of these are the same thing. I would just mention the latter: The theory of linguistic relativity proposes...
- Along the same lines: This hypothesis is controversial, and it's the only hypothesis mentioned in this section. I would consider moving it to the "theories" section so as not to accidentally give it WP:UNDUEWEIGHT.
- If we were to move it to the theories section, we would probably have to start a new paragraph for it. It's not clear that this would reduce its weight since it's currently only mentioned in a single sentence in the middle of a paragraph. It should be mentioned somewhere and it seems to fit best here. Phlsph7 (talk) 14:02, 17 March 2026 (UTC)
- ...the identification of an abstract semantic representation of the intended concept... It is not super clear what this phrase means or is trying to describe.
Types of cognitive processes->Others
- To be honest, I feel like the title of this section is a bit misleading? It is not really "other types of cognitive processes", it is more of "other ways to categorize cognitive processes". For example, the beginning of this section says: Cognitive processes can be conscious or unconscious. Conscious processes, such as attentively solving a math problem step by step or recalling a vivid memory, involve active awareness. The given examples are demonstrating previously-mentioned cognitive processes (attention/problem-solving and recall respectively). I'm not exactly sure what I'd change the section title to right now, but I don't think that just "Others" is the best title for the section.
- Phenomenal consciousness involves a qualitative experience of mental phenomena, whereas access consciousness is an awareness of information that is available for use but not actively experienced at the moment. Consider italicizing new terms when you introduce them, per MOS:TECHNICAL (which, ironically, uses the exact same example). It took me a couple of rereads to realize that "access consciousness" was a whole term in and of itself rather than just some really weird grammar.
- Cognitive processes do not always function as they should, and can lead to inaccuracies, either because of natural errors associated with cognitive biases or as a result of pathological impairments from cognitive disorders. The topic of the article you wikilink to (neurocognitive disorder, redirected from cognitive disorders) seems to be different than what you are describing in this article. According to that article, neurocognitive disorders are defined by deficits in cognitive ability that are acquired (as opposed to developmental), typically represent decline, and may have an underlying brain pathology. It seems like in the cognition article, you define them as any disorder that affects cognition, regardless whether it meets those specific requirements. Consider using a different term or removing the Wikilink.
- The sentence you quoted from Cognition does not really define "cognitive disorder". Roughly simplified, it says "if something goes wrong it may be because of something else or because of a cognitive disorder". This should be compatible with the sentence from the article Neurocognitive disorder. As a sidenote: I'm not sure that the definition in neurocognitive disorder is generally accepted for the term "cognitive disorder". For example, that definition would probably exclude the down syndrome, but https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12103642/ characterizes it as a cognitive disorder. I removed the wikilink. Phlsph7 (talk) 14:02, 17 March 2026 (UTC)
- For example, prosopagnosia is a perceptual disorder in which individuals cannot recognize faces, although their other visual abilities remain intact. I myself have prosopagnosia so I will note two things: 1. Prosopagnosia doesn't necessarily mean that you can't recognize faces altogether, and 2. you don't have to have perfect vision to have the disorder. I would change this to something like For example, prosopagnosia is a perceptual disorder in which individuals struggle to recognize faces, although their other visual abilities remain unaffected.
Theories
- In its classical form, it argues that the brain represents information through strings of symbols. Consider wikilinking to string (computer science) here.
- Theories extend this symbol-based approach with more sophisticated devices of knowledge representation, such as semantic nets, schemata, and frames, to explain how the mind handles complex data involving many entities and relations. Possibly give a brief explanation of what semantic nets, schemata, and frames are.
- They are all approaches to knowledge representation, but their differences are not that straightforward. They are not essential here and explaining them may distract from the discussion of classical computationalism. They are wikilinked, so the curious reader can get more information. Phlsph7 (talk) 10:35, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
- Another difference is the connectionist focus on non-symbolic processes: the activations of individual nodes perform computations without the use of symbols. Slightly awkward grammar here, consider changing to: Another difference is that connnectionism focuses on non-symbolic processes...
- Representations can take various forms, such as symbols, images, and concepts, as well as subsymbolic patterns used to model higher-level structures. What are "subsymbolic patterns"?
- According to the default-interventionist model, the automatic system generates impressions while the controlled system monitors them and intervenes if it detects problems. Explain what impressions are
In various fields
- Early cognitive psychologists made extensive use of introspection, in which researchers examine and reflect on their own experiences to understand mental processes. Consider explaining why introspection is not used so much anymore.
- To bridge disciplinary and methodological divides... Divides between what? The different fields?
- Cognitive scientists seek to coordinate empirical experiments with theoretical models to produce testable theories that link the different levels.} You don't need both "empirical" and "experiments".
Otherwise, I think it looks good! I'm leaning towards a "support" vote right now, but ping me when you've considered my new comments and I'll give a final verdict. Shocksingularity (talk) 21:10, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hey Shocksingularity, Thanks for all the thoughtful suggestions, I hope I didn't miss any! Phlsph7 (talk) 10:35, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
Source review
Another of these broad concept articles. Standard disclaimer that I can't tell "comprehensiveness" for topics this broad. I must once again note that since Google Books links work selectively by region and search history, we can't link to it on the basis of "for this editor this page works". Is it just me or are there even fewer non-Western sources than usual? I am kinda unsure if Journal of Intelligence is a reliable source, MDPI has a dodgy reputation. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:03, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- The page preview links are primarily included for helping with WP:Verifiability; curious readers may be interested in our earlier discussions of the pros and cons in other FA reviews. For some of the non-Western sources, see Khatoon 2012, Mesquita 2012, Baptista et al. 2017, Jiajia & Haosheng 2022, Ardila 2018, Fang, Hassan & Horng 2026, Sahay 2024, Dumont 2008, and Gomez Martinez 2017. I replaced the MDPI-source with a better alternative. Thanks for another broad-concept article source review! Phlsph7 (talk) 10:42, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
Query
@FAC coordinators: May I start another nomination? This one has three supports, received image and source reviews, and is over 3 weeks old. Phlsph7 (talk) 09:19, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- You may. Gog the Mild (talk) 12:00, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
Gu Yanwu
- Nominator(s): Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 07:42, 5 March 2026 (UTC)
This article is about a noted historian who lived at a time of great upheaval in early modern China. Gu was a Ming loyalist who, rather than fighting to the end for the cause, took to wandering around the country and writing. He remained influential to future generations, and even got a temple in his honor in Beijing by the 1800s. Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 07:42, 5 March 2026 (UTC)
MCE89
Prose and writing are excellent, just a few suggestions from me:
- You could consider adding ILLs for Rizhilu [zh] and Yinxue wushu [zh]
- Done.-G
- the rest, including a variety of poetry, geographical texts, and notes, were published by his lone disciple Pan Lei after his death — It might be worth mentioning here that (per the body) there were other works that were never published or were lost
- Good idea, done.-G
- Although Gu's work was relevant throughout the Qing period... — I'm not quite sure what "relevant" is intended to mean here?
- Reworded.-G
- Later, revolutionaries such as Liang Qichao emphasized his work — "Emphasised" feels a little vague, would something like "praised" be accurate?
- Good idea, done.-G
- I'd probably add a comma after Resenting both modern scholarship and the imperial examination system..., but up to you
- Done.-G
- he allegedly joined the Fushe, a literary and political revival movement — "Allegedly" feels like it implies that this is something potentially negative, is there a reason this is treated as an allegation?
- Changed to "purportedly"
- Gu's biological father, Gu Tongying died that year — Suggest adding a comma after Gu Tongying
- Done.-G
- ...and began focus on private studies — Should be either "began focusing" or "began to focus"
- Done.-G
- ...disputed the legitimacy of the Gu's adoption — I don't think "the" is needed here in front of "Gu's adoption"
- Fixed.-G
- to protect China against the Manchu — "From" the Manchu feels a little more natural
- Fixed.-G
- ...the landowner with whom Gu had a property dispute — Given that you haven't previously mentioned this dispute, I'd replace "the landowner" with "a landowner"
- He's now introduced earlier.-G
- ...a group of his friends and relative — Should relative here be plural?
- Fixed.-G
- In the sentence beginning The American historian Willard J. Peterson... you use both the present tense "describes" and the past tense "noted" — suggest making the tense consistent
- Fixed.-G
- His family landholdings in Kunshan likely was — Suggest changing to "His family's landholdings in Kunshan were likely..."
- Fixed.-G
- He worked with the scholar Wang Hongzhuang (王宏撰) — This sentence seems to be unfinished?
- Removed it.-G
- in the collect Tinglin yishu huiji — Should be "collection"?
- Fixed.-G
- ...the removal or alteration of taboo characters — Probably a dumb question, but does "characters" here mean characters or characters?
- Linked Chinese characters.-G
- ...provide useful insight into the past; criticizing scholars... — I'd replace this semicolon with a full stop or conjunction, as it takes a while to get to the next main clause
- Fixed.-G
- Suggest linking Han dynasty
- Fixed.-G
- Li Guangdi described Gu as being seen to "unsociable and eccentric" — Suggest rephrasing, as "to" doesn't work gramatically
- Fixed.-G
- Perhaps move the sentence about how Li Guangdi described him to earlier in the paragraph where you discuss Li's biography of him?
- Done.-G
- The discussion of Gu Yanwu's political philosophy was largely dismissed — I'm not sure that "the discussion... was dismissed" is quite right. Would it be more accurate to say either that his philosophy was dismissed, or that the discussion was limited?
MCE89 (talk) 09:42, 5 March 2026 (UTC)
- Done.-G
@MCE89: Ach! I had implemented most of these already but forgot to ping. Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 13:56, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- Sorry for the delay, completely forgot about this! Happy to support. MCE89 (talk) 07:50, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- File:Gu_yanwu.jpg needs a US tag. Nikkimaria (talk) 05:52, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
- PD_China_1996 includes a US tag, no? Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 06:33, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Thank you for the "Use American English" template, it helps. I have a busy week ahead, but here's my review:
- Lead
- "19th century scholars" → "19th-century scholars"
- Fixed.-G
- Early life and education
- "Gu's father Gu Tongying was born in 1585." → "Gu's father, Gu Tongying, was born in 1585."
- Fixed.-G
- Taking Gu Shaofei's advice, he began to focus less on the examinations, and began to focus on private studies.
- You could avoid repeating "focus" in close proximity.
MSincccc (talk) 07:06, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed.-G
- Career
- Gu did not go, partially because he had not yet officially buried his mother, and partially because the servant described the prince as having difficulties establishing a firm control over the region.
- You could avoid repeating "partially" and could split the sentence; I leave it to you.
- Fixed.-G
- He worked with the scholar Wang Hongzhuang (王宏撰) Gu did not
- A typo in this sentence – a missing full stop or conjunction; I leave it to you.
- Fixed.-G
- Collected Posthumous Writings of Gu Tingli
- I suppose it should be "Tinglin", or is "Tingli" an alternative name?
- Oops, yep. Fixed.-G
- I suppose it should be "Tinglin", or is "Tingli" an alternative name?
MSincccc (talk) 07:35, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
- Philosophy
- Writing that the junxian system itself had grown obsolete, Gu argued that a new system which combined elements of both systems, featuring both a strong central authority and local devolution of power.
- I would suggest inserting a verb after "argued".
- Fixed.-G
- I would suggest inserting a verb after "argued".
- Bottom line
- Generalissima That's all from me. A few stylistic suggestions remain in my sandbox. Let me know if you need any further comments; otherwise, that should be all and it is a fine article indeed. I hope my suggestions have been useful.
MSincccc (talk) 09:25, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Generalissima: I look forward to your response. Thanks. MSincccc (talk) 03:29, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- @MSincccc: Sorry for the delay! Responded. Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 15:35, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Generalissima No worries. I was not aware of the subject, until I came across it at FAC, but it meets the standards (like your other articles). Hence, I will support. Best, MSincccc (talk) 16:22, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- @MSincccc: Sorry for the delay! Responded. Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 15:35, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
ThO
As the GA promoter, I feel I should have a go at this. Saving a spot here, but ping me if I don't get to it in a few days. ThaesOfereode (talk) 02:08, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- @ThaesOfereode: Obligatory ping! Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 15:35, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Generalissima: Apologies for my tardiness. Comments below. ThaesOfereode (talk) 00:26, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
- Lede
- Feels like the lede could be beefed up a bit. For one, the first paragraph (the thing almost everyone stops reading at!) is basically not terribly informative nor indicative of the interesting life Gu led. The first sentence is good, but maybe explain what "the Ming–Qing transition" was in clearer language – e.g., the transition from the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty – for those innocent of the workings of medieval Chinese power transitions). I'd recommend shifting the other two sentences down into paragraph two, which is always good as a simple overview of his bio. Third paragraph will be good for retrospectives and anything else you think is important.
- Rewrote parts of the lede.
- adoptive mother and grandfather – Meaning "adoptive mother and adoptive grandfather" or "adoptive mother and biological grandfather"?
- Clarified.-G
- he passed preliminary examinations in 1626 – Might be worth explaining what examinations. You and I know that its the scholar-official exams, but will the average reader know that?
- Clarified.-G
- repeatedly failed to advance beyond the triennial examinations to achieve the scholarly rank of juren – A bit awkward in wording. Did he attain juren or not? Hard to tell from this syntax.
- Clarified.-G
- Soft suggestion to link Statecraft and Historiography, especially the latter since that's not necessarily something even a high school student learns about
- Done-G
- Same for Phonology
- Done.-G
- Early life and education
- Suggest putting Gu's birth name in Chinese characters/pinyin here.
- Done.-G
- Also suggest clarifying his birth name in the infobox.
- Done.-G
- in the Chinese village of Qiandun – Soft suggestion to delete "Chinese" per WP:POSA, but it's fine.
- Done.-G
- city of Kunshan, in what was then the province of Jiangnan – We might say what this place is now to avoid a MOS:FORCELINK. Same with Qiandun above btw. I get why you don't do it later during his itinerancy, but here makes sense.
- I'm not quite sure what you mean.-G
- Gu's family had been scholar-officials – We might gloss what a "scholar-official" is for the reader.
- Fair.-G
- He married a woman with the surname He – Presumably He (surname), no? If so, a character here would be good too, but not mandatory.
- Fair.-G
- had five sons with her and at least five daughters – Just a q, but five sons for sure, but only "at least" five daughters?
- Yep, that's what Peterson says. I don't have access to the original source, but I think we might only have marriage records to attest the daughters.-G
- While he was an infant, Gu was adopted as the grandchild of his father's paternal uncle, Gu Shaofei, in order to become the heir of Shaofei's deceased son, Gu Tongji. Tongji had died in 1601 at the age of eighteen while betrothed to a woman with the surname Wang. – These structures are somewhat difficult to follow. Can I recommend While he was an infant, Gu was adopted as the grandchild of his father's paternal uncle, Gu Shaofei. Shaofei's son Gu Tongji had died in 1601 at the age of eighteen while betrothed to a woman with the surname Wang. In order to become Shaofei's heir, Yanwu was adopted. (The last sentence may need more work, but it's important to try and break up this somewhat alien family structure and unfamiliar names to an English-speaking audience.)
- Good idea.-G
- Is there anything to add about why Shaofei felt he had to adopt Yanwu? If my dad's first cousin died, I don't think my great uncle would have adopted me, especially if my dad were still alive (?).
- All Peterson mentions is that Yanwu/Jishen was the *second* son of Tongying, and thus less important to keep the bloodline going. I tried adding as much context as I could. -G
- a woman with the surname Wang – Presumably Wang (surname), no?
- Gave the character.
- He then began attending a local school when he was seven – So this was probably not compulsory/public education at the time, right? Were the adoptive Gu's well off? Does that explain the adoption?
- Yeah, clarified that they had money.-G
- However, on the advice of a family friend, he began training him for this. – Nothing more to say here? Seems like there must have been something of a reason for Shaofei to turn heel like this, given we just heard how he resented the Ming system writ large and the organization of the exams.
- Added some context.-G
- he purportedly joined the Fushe, a literary and political revival movement – What kind of movement? Song revivalism?
- Added context.-G
- The following year, he married a woman with the surname Wang from Taicang and changed his name to Gu Jiang. – Was this conventional for a marriage or potentially the result of something else?
- He often achieved the
firsthighest rank in the annual examinations, but achievedonlythethirdlowest possible rank in the higher-level preliminary examinations. – I think you can cut these out and not lose anything, while gaining flow.- Done.-G
- Career
- beginning a property dispute. Shaofei's death sparked an inheritance dispute within his family, as Shaofei's nephews disputed the legitimacy of Gu's adoption. – The word "dispute" here three times feels like a lot.
- Done.-G
- They unsuccessfully attempted to force Gu and Wang to leave the family estate. – Which Wang? Wife or adoptive mother?
- Oh, clarified.-G
- A Ming rump state, the Southern Ming, – I can't quite articulate why, but I recommend switching these two clauses around.
- Done.-G
- After he left, the Manchu – Made sense not to link Manchu previously to avoid a WP:SOB, but I would link it here.
- Done.-G
- In the sixth month of the year (using the Chinese calendar) – Can we not just do the math and say this was "October" or whatever?
- It's complicated; the Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar which changed in small increments throughout Chinese history, and didn't line up with the Western months in when the year and when months ended (thanks to the lunar cycle not lining up with Western calendar months). So, you could have a situation where the 6th month could be somewhere in the second half of October and the first half of November, for instance. Plugging it into a conversion table is complicated and bordering on OR; for instance, just for the 1640s, there is a disagreement on when the leap month was in one year, and multiple competing versions of the calendar in use at the same time thanks to the civil war. -G
- the Prince of Tang, a Southern Ming imperial claimant in Fujian – Is the term claimant here being used as some kind of euphemism for pretender? Or did something happen to the Hongguang Emperor?
- Clarified.-G
- @Generalissima: I don't think this was addressed. If it was, I don't feel this has been adequately explained. ThaesOfereode (talk) 23:22, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Clarified.-G
- Additionally, the servant described the prince as having difficulties establishing a firm control over the region. – Which region? Like, Fujian specifically or Southern Ming at large?
- Clarified.-G
- As an enjoyer of Chinese poetry myself, have you considered adding the original Chinese poem? I highly recommend adding a drop down like with the Greek at Argos (dog).
- Done.-G
- To help facilitate his frequent pilgrimages to Hongwu's tomb, he purchased a secondary residence on Shenlie Mountain. – Okay, I'll bite: Where the hell is Gu getting all this money? He's got two houses, travels regularly, and (later) has at least one servant. I don't feel this was typical of early Qing-dynasty Chinese and it doesn't seem like Shaofei's estate has ever really been settled. Later we read Gu's family's landholdings in Kunshan were likely the source of most of his income but is there any information about how he came to possess them?
- I talk about this a little later; I don't want to move the discussion forward, so I can keep him acquiring the holdings near Jinan chronological.-G
- either beat him to death or drowned him – Drowning is very specific. Why the different accounts?
- I think it just is relayed differently in different period sources.-G
- After this, he had his sentence reduced to a beating. – Can we say what kind? Ten lashes is quite different from a hundred, after all.
- Doesn't seem to say.-G
- gifts from friends and Qing officials – Qing officials?? Where the hell did that good favor come from?
- He had some renown as a scholar at this point; clarified a little.-G
- obtained a number of Tang-era inscriptions – Link Tang dynasty
- he may have intended to evaluate the Qing government's control over the region – Why this theory? In conjunction with my previous Qing question, it seems like Gu acquiesced to Qing rule and began collaborating?
- while staying at a monastery in Beijing – Presumably a Buddhist one? If so, recommend link to Buddhist monastery or Vihāra, whichever you feel is more appropriate.
- None of the sources say, and it's not clear what kind of monastery it was; since there are also Daoist priesthoods and monasteries. -G
- Some 19th-century sources in Shanxi describe him and his friend Fu Shan – Who's "him"? Dai or Gu?
- Clarified.-G
- The adoption was later used as an example in Qing legal discourse of adoption – As an example or as precedent?
- Clarified.-G
- his condition greatly worsened. He died the following day at the age of seventy. – I feel like this is a jarring cut. I might just say he died rather than indicating his condition worsened for like a day and change.
- Reworded.-G
This should be good for now. I'll return to the rest later. ThaesOfereode (talk) 00:26, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
Returning to finish; I apologize again for the delay. See comments below. ThaesOfereode (talk) 00:31, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Works
- He frequently sought out inscriptions when traveling near historical and religious sites. – To what end? He was a historian so that's not that surprising is it?
- Not all historians were epigraphers, and Gu was unusual in collecting large volumes of them while traveling.-G
- Many of his works were lost after his death, while others survived only as manuscripts and never saw proper publication. – I might reword this. It sounds like he published more than two works, but only two survive. Is that true? Or should I read this as two publications and everything lost was manuscript?
- The latter; clarified.-G
- Pan Lei collected some of his poems and letters and published them for the first time in the collection Tinglin yishu huiji – Can we say roughly when this was? Was it the year after Gu died or some decades later?
- There is not a given publication date.-G
- Suggest linking History of the Ming dynasty if it hasn't been already.
- Done.-G
- are common focuses – Are they common? Or are there just chapters dedicated to the topic?
- advise on the use of natural resources – Feels like this needs an object for the verb advise; recommend either leaders or the public as appropriate.
- Link Historical geography
- Pan Lei edited a full 32-juan version – the full 32-juan version?
- expresses many of Gu's historiographical ideas – Any worth mentioning?
- Link Anti-Manchu sentiment
- in order to evade censorship – Recommend rephrasing this so you can link Literary inquisition, with or without an appropriate #Ming or #Qing section link
- the phonology of Old Chinese – Probably better just to link Old Chinese phonology, no? You can link phonology in the next sentence and Old Chinese in the Guyin biao sentence.
- at the time of the compilation of the Chinese classics – Gloss the rough dates
- Guyin biao (古音表) – Translate
- catalogue – Soft suggestion for catalog here per AmEng (recognizing both are used stateside)
- Tang yunzheng (唐韻正) and Yinlun (音論) – Translate
- "Coming to the East" (赴東; Fu dong) – Minor quibble but is a better translation 'Coming East'?
- critiquing elements of society – Any in particular?
- alteration of taboo characters – Alteration or alternation?
- @Generalissima: ? ThaesOfereode (talk) 23:22, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- was reduced to five or four juan – Why the uncertainty here?
- @Generalissima: It's possible this is an unanswerable question, but why "five or four" instead of the more natural "four or five"? If you insist on the former, consider five, or even four or similar. ThaesOfereode (talk) 23:22, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Philosophy
- Gu was generally critical of Neo-Confucianism – Given that he was a Confucian, I might rephrase this to Gu was a conservative Confucian critical of Neo-Confucianism or similar. It makes it sound like he was some other religion/kind of philosopher.
- Was Zhu Xi a follower of the Cheng brothers? Can we say anything about his philosophy if not?
- adapt to new circumstances – Moral circumstances or just political?
- fengjian – Characters?
- junxian – Characters?
- Gu argued that it endured – What's "it"? Chinese civilization or Tianxia?
- Link Devolution of power
- impaired the ability for local – Of instead of for?
- Link Rational self-interest (?)
- Link Sovereignty
- Why did others see the Hongwu Emperor as despotic when it appears he handed power back down?
- over-reliance on legal and administrative codes – Is "legal and administrative codes" supposed to be a stand in for "regulations"? If so, clarify.
- unintentionally delegates decision-making power to corrupt officials, eunuchs, and clerks – Did he see these roles as necessarily corrupt?
- @Generalissima: ? ThaesOfereode (talk) 23:22, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- infallible → inerrant – Infallible means unable to make a mistake; inerrant means having no mistakes. The pope is infallible, the Bible is inerrant.
- Sima Qian, the Han dynasty author of the Shiji, was Gu's model for proper historical research – How?
- Same with the following sentence. How?
- One of his indirect descendants – Through adoption?
- compiled by Gu Yansheng – Related? If so, how?
- The first nianpu (chronological biography) – Characters?
- and to "mock both the ancient and the contemporary" – "and known to"?
- new nianpu were compiled – Were these more positive? Is there anything we can say about these newer ones?
- Gloss Huang Zongxi since he doesn't even have a redlink.
- Characters for Hanxue?
- Link Han Chinese, if that's the Han in Hanxue.
- I might extend the link for the Century of Humiliation to "the waves of crises faced by the dynasty" to avoid an WP:EGG issue; I thought it was going to be a more general concept.
- This became a community of scholars – The temple became a community of scholars?
- Characters for Kaozheng?
- Suggest linking Counter-Japanese resistance volunteers in China somewhere in the Zhang Binglin sentence
- The Japanese sinologist Naitō Konan briefly summarized Gu's thought in his studies on Chinese historiography. – Okay, and? Did he say anything interesting about it?
Okay, that's about all I've got. Great work on an interesting fellow. Please ping me when the above have been addressed. ThaesOfereode (talk) 00:31, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- ThaesOfereode Oh no, I forgot to ping you, but I think I got to all these. Generalissima (talk) (it/she) Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 04:35, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- No problem; happens to the best of us. I've plucked out a few issues I think are still outstanding. ThaesOfereode (talk) 23:22, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Generalissima have you addressed the remaining issues? Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 18:04, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- Sorry, traveling. Will get to this over next couple days. Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 18:10, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Generalissima have you addressed the remaining issues? Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 18:04, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- No problem; happens to the best of us. I've plucked out a few issues I think are still outstanding. ThaesOfereode (talk) 23:22, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
Min968
- "He praised the Ming dynasty's founding Hongwu Emperor," → "He praised the Ming dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor,"
- Much of Gu's poetry focuses on contemporary events, such as his 1644 poem Daxingai (大行哀; 'The Death of the Emperor'), made in mourning for the Chongzhen Emperor. — In my opinion, I should introduce the Chongzhen Emperor in this section or in the "Career" section, where I mention the fall of the Ming dynasty in 1644.
Min968 (talk) 13:29, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
Source review
Only need to know if the Qing History Journal and https://www.mh.sinica.edu.tw/MHDocument/PublicationDetail/PublicationDetail_2001.pdf are reliable, as I don't know much about Chinese-language journals. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:30, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Jo-Jo Eumerus The latter is a journal from the modern history institute of Academia Sinica, Taiwan's national academy. The Qing History Journal is published by Renmin University of China, one of the larger and older mainland Chinese universities. Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 12:56, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- OK. While one has to factor in Chinese censorship with PRC sauces, I don't think they'd care about a subject so far removed from present-day concerns. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:59, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
Curlew sandpiper
- Nominator(s): monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 04:30, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
This article is about the curlew sandpiper, a small migratory shorebird found across Eurasia. This article is pretty short, but I'm pretty sure it covers all that needs be be covered. (I'm using American goldfinch and cactus wren as reference.) This is my first FAC, after working on an assortment of articles on various other birds from around the world, namely the rock wren, American crow, and brown cacholote, all of which I brought to GA status. monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 04:30, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- Suggest adding alt text
- File:Curlew_sandpiper_rangemap.svg: see MOS:COLOUR
- File:Grasläufer_(Calidris_subruficollis)_am_Strand_im_Willapa_National_Wildlife_Refuge_(cropped).jpg is tagged as lacking description, author and source. Nikkimaria (talk) 05:39, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Nikkimaria details added at Commons now - MPF (talk) 00:42, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
ZooBlazer
- The curlew sandpiper is a small wader, 18–23 cm (7–9 in) in length, 44–117 g (1.6–4.1 oz) in weight,[10] and a wingspan of 38–46 cm (15–18 in) - change to something like "in weight, and has a wingspan of"
- The first-time breeders plumage is similar to the adult summer plumage - Missing an apostrophe, should be breeder's
- Occuring from January to May, the spring moult is a partial moult, with only the body feathers are replaced, not flight feathers - Occurring is missing an r and maybe change "with only the body feathers are replaced" to something like "where only the body feathers are replaced" or something else more grammatically correct
- The post-juvenile moult... is a partial to incomplete moult, with the body feathers and some flight feathers are replaced - Similar issue to above with "are replaced"
- the Arctic fox would hunt Arctic-breeding waders including the instead - I assume you're missing "curlew sandpiper" between "the" and "instead"
- In Langebaan Lagoon of South Africa, where curlew sandpiper are the most numerous - change to something like "where curlew sandpipers are the most numerous" or "where the curlew sandpiper is the most numerous"
- They have an vast extent of occurrence - change to "a vast"
- BirdLife International, which provides the ICUN conservation status for birds - I assume it should be "IUCN"
- as over the span of 15 years, the population has declined and estimated 30 to 49% - change "and estimated" to "an estimated"
- While in breeding plumage, curlew sandpiper can be confused with red knot breeding plumage, as both are reddish on the belly - missing a "the" and a little awkward to compare a bird directly to plumage, so maybe something like "While in breeding plumage, the curlew sandpiper can be confused with the red knot, as both are reddish on the belly"
- The female moves around an area about a few hectares large - A little awkwardly phrased, I'd suggest something like "The female moves around an area of about a few hectares" or "a few hectares in size"
- consisted of the male lowering his head and neck parallel to the ground and pulled back towards his body - change "pulled" to "pulling"
- Stopping chase at the boundaries of their territory, suggesting awareness of their neighbor's territory - Maybe change to "They stop the chase"
That's all I have to say. Congrats on your first FAC nom! If you're interested, I also have an open FAC if you'd like to review it. If not, no worries. Ping me when you have addressed the issues above. -- ZooBlazer 06:01, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
- @ZooBlazer I think I've addressed all the issues listed, let me know if there's any other concerns. Thanks! monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 23:46, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
Generalissima
- Interesting - File:325 - CURLEW SANDPIPER (6-17-2016) barrow, alaska -03 copy.jpg says it's from northern Alaska, which isn't shown as part of the bird's range on the map. Was this a vagrant, or is the range in the Arctic broader than shown on the map?
- More pressing on the verification front is the lack of page numbers or pages for journal and book sources. I would highly recommend using SFNs or a similar system to break down page ranges. To give an example, Cactus wren uses RPs for this, while Saxaul sparrow uses SFNs (I find the latter preferable but ultimately up to you).
- The final paragraph of "Description" is cited to dozens of pages across six different books. This can surely be reduced to prevent overciting.
- Dates are given inconsistently. Sometimes its a full date down to the day, sometimes it's just a year, sometimes it's a month and a year. I would just keep all the dates for the citations as a year, as it isn't really as useful to know what month or day an academic text was published.
- I recommend linking to archive.org when a link is avaliable, as it is for Handbook of the Birds of Europe
- citing "britishbirds.co.uk" sounds a lot sketchier than listing and linking to the website as its full name, British Birds
- Be consistent on how you capitalize sources, even if the source capitalizes them differently. Tomkovich & Soloviev should be "Site Fidelity in High Arctic Breeding Waders", for example, while "Birds of the western Palearctic" should be "Birds of the Western Palearctic".
- Be consistent about which format you give ISBNs in. I spot some old ISBN-10s in there.
- You wikilink to one or two journals, but not most of them. Be consistent one way or another about this.
- You give ISSNs for some journals, but not all. Be consistent about this.
- You give the translations of the names for some foreign-language books and articles, but not all.
- In Langebaan Lagoon of South Africa, where curlew sandpiper are the most numerous this is an ambiguous sentence. Is this the most numerous site for curlew sandpipers in the world, or are they the most numerous bird found in this lagoon?
- I think theres' a lot more info you can milk out of the IUCN red list page, with the "in detail" sections.
- Some of the external links seem like articles that should either be cited or removed if they aren't used.
- The first half of the article has many images, but the second half has almost nothing. Surely there's pictures to illustrate mating and feeding behavior for instance.
- Footnotes need citations.
This might seem like a lot but all in all this is very good work for your first FAC! I think this is all fixable with only a bit of elbow grease. Let me know when you want me to take another look. Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 06:04, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
- @MPF: For The final paragraph of "Description" is cited to dozens of pages across six different books. This can surely be reduced to prevent overciting, could you break the citations up in half, one for the ruff and one for the buff-breasted? Thanks in advance.
- I've cleaned up a lot of the sources, hopefully I'll be able to get more done tomorrow, including converting all the citations to Holmes & Pitelka 1964 to sfn. There aren't a lot of images on commons of the curlew sandpiper breeding/nesting, since they mostly do that in the Siberian arctics. monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 23:45, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
- No worries if the pictures aren't extant. I assumed you've checked INaturalist? Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 03:58, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- I've asked on iNaturalist for a file that I think illustrates the curlew sandpiper's breeding range pretty well (link). That's the only photo of curlew sandpiper in their breeding range that is high quality enough on iNaturalist so hopefully I'll be able to get a free file for this.
- I've also converted all the Holmes & Pitelka 1964 to sfns, so that should be a bit better. I'll take a look at the IUCN page next. Thanks for the patience, I was pretty busy over the weekend. monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 20:26, 2 March 2026 (UTC)
- No worries if the pictures aren't extant. I assumed you've checked INaturalist? Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 03:58, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
Support from Femke
Such a cute bird! Really lovely photos you've selected.
The first paragraph is overly technical. We do not need details about the history of classification in the first sentence (or even in the lead). Omitting those details also means you do not have to explain jargon like genus. Similarly, the word monotypic does not belong per WP:EXPLAINLEAD, as words in the lead typically need to be understandable on sight. The detail on forming hybrids could also be omitted.
- Be consistent in using it vs they
- peachy-buff? Is there a plain English way of saying buff? If not, link to wiktionary or a glossary
- wing covert feathers?
- trilling calls?
- link clutch
- precopulatory - redundant with copulation later, which isa simpler version of that word
- grammar: They occasionally hybridises
- the stilt sandpiper (Calidris himantopus) - single common name is enough, you already indicate they share a genus
- Conversion to US units is optional for scientific articles. My preference is to omit to make the prose more engaging, but I know opinions differ.
- tarsi?
- primaries?
- grammar: The post-juvenile moult, which occurs from October to December (and can finish as late as April), is a partial to incomplete moult, with the body feathers and some flight feathers are replaced.
- Is there a recording available with a suitable license somewhere?
- "Curlew sandpipers show little fidelity to breeding sites, making it hard to predict where a specimen overwinters based on its breeding site; however, the reverse is not as true: adults tend to prefer overwintering in the same regions and resting at stopovers at the same points, and males are more faithful to their sites compared to females." The reverse of what? Should the first bit of the sentence say juvenile? The sentence is quite long. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 21:07, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
- The conservation section starts quite abruptly. The red list page described the threats in more detail. You could use that source to provide an introductory sentence
- The sentence about climate change is quite long. Can it be split or condensed? —Femke 🐦 (talk) 07:58, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- I see User:MPF has removed explanations for jargon in quite a few places. I see where they're coming from, as the explanations where quite wordy and glossing terms does not make for elegant text. Are there more elegant ways to explain these terms? Which ones can be replaced by plain English? Which ones can be explained by giving hints (like how you explain the jargon for the opposite of albino with a picture)? Which ones can be explained as part of a sentence? A few glosses are okay of course, but the article has so much jargon that it can't work everywhere. I'm assuming that the "broadest likely audience" includes lay people, as it's a bird with a large-scale population. Is that your interpretation of WP:MTAU too? —Femke 🐦 (talk) 08:06, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- Section-targeted links to List of terms used in bird topography is how I've seen it done on some other species pages. Unfortunately, that page is incomplete and with some odd onward links that need clearing up, e.g. the link for scapular feathers leads to the article scapula, a page almost entirely about the human shoulder blade bone . . . - MPF (talk) 11:52, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- Linking is at the bottom of the explanation pyramid: it can work for jargon like 'rufous', 'genus', 'plumage' where we expect a large share of the readers to be familiar with the terms already. Or for bits of the article we expect is only of interest to academics. I imagine the description of the bird is of interest to a wide audience however. It's a last resort, as it requires readers to leave the page they're trying to understand. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 12:31, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Femke @MPF I've thought of a few approaches that don't require significant prose refactoring, I'd like both of your thoughts:
- Liberal use of {{efn}}s to explain stuff. I'd prefer this, since MTAU#Explain new concepts says to provide concrete examples/analogies; and putting those in the prose would clutter up the text too much.
- Alternatively, using the {{tooltip}} template to define stuff. Not too keen on this since it doesn't display on mobile.
- Having a preface to the "Description" section providing a short definition for all the terms used. Probably a MOS violation in numerous ways, but what do I know? I've only been here for 6 months...
- Any suggestions are welcome. Thanks in advance. monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 19:49, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Femke @MPF I've thought of a few approaches that don't require significant prose refactoring, I'd like both of your thoughts:
- Linking is at the bottom of the explanation pyramid: it can work for jargon like 'rufous', 'genus', 'plumage' where we expect a large share of the readers to be familiar with the terms already. Or for bits of the article we expect is only of interest to academics. I imagine the description of the bird is of interest to a wide audience however. It's a last resort, as it requires readers to leave the page they're trying to understand. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 12:31, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- Section-targeted links to List of terms used in bird topography is how I've seen it done on some other species pages. Unfortunately, that page is incomplete and with some odd onward links that need clearing up, e.g. the link for scapular feathers leads to the article scapula, a page almost entirely about the human shoulder blade bone . . . - MPF (talk) 11:52, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- " ... their heads in the water to clean them. Likewise, they mainly roost in large mixed-species flocks on sandspits, ... " I don't what the word 'likewise' does there, it can likely be omitted. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 08:18, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- Their breeding plumage is much more striking, with the entire front side tinted a deep rufous, with the tint being stronger in males -- more elegant as "Their breeding plumage is much more striking, with the entire front tinted a deep rufous, more intense in males."? —Femke 🐦 (talk) 09:51, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- A couple of drive-by comments on the above. First, I agree that conversion to US units are optional for scientific articles (and I say that as somebody who grew up speaking gallons, inches and pounds. People just need to learn how to deal with the units that the vast majority of the world uses. And I'm not a fan of {{efn}}. It's really no better than a link to another article; in both cases, they need to click on something which takes them away from what they're reading now. As for tooltips, yuk. It's not what people expect and there's no visual hint to let them know it even exists. And if, as you say, it doesn't work on mobile, that's a hard fail for me. A majority of our readers are on mobile. For most terms, all you need is a couple of words in parentheses. It's really not that disruptive. Certainly less disruptive than repeating every length and weight in a different unit system. RoySmith (talk) 02:12, 5 March 2026 (UTC)
- Glossing (putting an explanation between brackets) is certainly the way to go for all the instances where you cannot explain things more elegantly. Leaving out the jargon comes first, and if you can hint clearly, that can be very elegant too. For instance, the sentence with the 'vagrant' can be reworded as "The curlew sandpiper rarely appears in North America, and when it does, it is usually seen along the Atlantic coast.", where you link 'rarely appears' to vagrant. One possible solution for the description section is to find a diagram of a bird which points to the key jargon if that's available and matches how you describe the elements. You can create some space for an image by slightly expanding the lead, for instance with the size of the bird and facts about the flock size. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 08:04, 5 March 2026 (UTC)
- A couple of drive-by comments on the above. First, I agree that conversion to US units are optional for scientific articles (and I say that as somebody who grew up speaking gallons, inches and pounds. People just need to learn how to deal with the units that the vast majority of the world uses. And I'm not a fan of {{efn}}. It's really no better than a link to another article; in both cases, they need to click on something which takes them away from what they're reading now. As for tooltips, yuk. It's not what people expect and there's no visual hint to let them know it even exists. And if, as you say, it doesn't work on mobile, that's a hard fail for me. A majority of our readers are on mobile. For most terms, all you need is a couple of words in parentheses. It's really not that disruptive. Certainly less disruptive than repeating every length and weight in a different unit system. RoySmith (talk) 02:12, 5 March 2026 (UTC)
MPF
A few comments; I fear the page has become worse in the last couple of days, verging on "TLDR":
- Far too much use of "the".
- Singular, countable, non-proper nouns generally require an article. For example, in the sentence "The bird eats a worm", "the" and "a" are not stylistic additions but compulsory grammatical elements. In some cases where you removed "the", it was needed. Most of these seem to have been fixed, but please don't remove them again. – Michael Aurel (talk) 00:52, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Michael Aurel I'd disagree; it is not always normal in ornithological or other similar scientific literature. "Curlew Sandpiper often form mixed flocks with Dunlin, Sanderling, Little Stint, Ringed Plover and other similar small waders" is perfectly normal grammar; conversely, "The Curlew Sandpiper often form mixed flocks with the Dunlin, the Sanderling, the Little Stint, the Ringed Plover and other similar small waders" is just plain weird. - MPF (talk) 01:29, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- I think we might have a few things mixed up here. Your second sentence is ungrammatical because of a plurality clash ("the curlew sandpiper" is singular, but "form" takes plural nouns), not the use of "the", stylistically awkward as it may be. In your first sentence, you treat "curlew sandpiper" as plural; this may well be acceptable, but it's a slightly different issue, as I was talking about singular nouns. For example, you changed "The dunlin also looks similar" to "Dunlin also looks similar", which isn't grammatical. (I would, by the way, write the sentence you've provided as "Curlew sandpipers often form mixed flocks with dunlins, sanderlings, little stints, ringed plovers, and other similar small waders".)
- In any case, my main goal was to make sure the nominator wasn't receiving too much mixed advice: I added some "the"s, you removed some, and an earlier reviewer suggested adding some, which you protested, all of which could be understandably confusing for a first-time nominator. If you'd like to continue this conversation (I would be happy to), the talk page is probably the best place. – Michael Aurel (talk) 10:23, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Michael Aurel (keeping it here for the continuity!) A tricky one! Though I'd say "Curlew Sandpiper often forms mixed flocks with Dunlin, Sanderling, Little Stint, Ringed Plover and other similar small waders" is equally acceptable English usage. Of your version, "dunlins" (at least in UK English; but that is the engvar relevant here) is verging on as unusual/quaint as "grouses" or "sheeps" or "deers"; it usually does not have a plural -s; the others, not taking an -s is variable, some people do, some don't; "I counted 25 Ringed Plover on the beach today" is quite common, but so is "I counted 25 Ringed Plovers on the beach today".
- What would you say of "Body size close to Dunlin C. alpina but silhouette more attenuated" or "longer-billed and relatively longer-legged than Knot C. canutus."? Or "Normally separable in flight from all congeners except White-rumped Sandpiper C. fscicollis by broad white band above tail."? MPF (talk) 23:35, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- I do think there's a worthwhile discussion in all this, but it's a bit off-topic for this FAC page. When I have a moment, I'll restart this discussion in a more appropriate location, and ping you. – Michael Aurel (talk) 13:13, 2 March 2026 (UTC)
- Explanation of feather tracts, etc., is not necessary; instead link terms like scapulars to the feathers page where they are explained.
- All the citations to Mlodinow|Medrano|2023: I'd strongly recommend removing these, as they are in some peculiar foreign language. Replace them with details from Cramp BWP, which is 100% reliable, and very well-written.
- Watch out for creeping Americanisation of spellings; this must be avoided!
I've started on some cleanup, but it's 2 am now so the rest will have to wait - MPF (talk) 02:01, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- Mlodinow & Medrano 2023 is also reliable, see Wikipedia:Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 471#Birds of the World. It's the worldwide, digitized version of Birds of North America. It does require a paid subscription, but they do provide short introductions, see here. monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 02:56, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- It may be reliable, but the language (particularly in respect of moulting) is totally impenetrable (see my previous note on the GA review here), and inappropriate US-POV-pushing for an Old World species. In the Pontoppidan and Blasius Merrem citations, there are translations "|quote=Knuſſel, Calidris. Schnabel walzenförmig, gegen die Spitze hin dicker, glatt. Mittlere und äuſsere Zehe etwas verbunden. Tringa calidris, arenaria u. a.|trans-quote=Knussel, Calidris. Beak cylindrical, becoming thicker toward the tip, smooth. Middle and outer toes somewhat connected. Tringa calidris, arenaria and others." If we are going to have citations from Mlodinow & Medrano, they also need translating from their weird jargon into English, if a translation can be found, if anyone has a clue what they mean, so e.g. "Sfn|Mlodinow|Medrano|2023|loc=Plumages, Molts, and Structure § Second and Definitive Prebasic Molts |trans= Plumages, Moults, and Structure § moults from second-winter and adult winter to summer plumage" [?; possibly!]. But is that the correct translation? Does anybody know? "Prebasic" isn't even a word, it doesn't exist in the OED (I just looked up), so how can it be translated? That's why I'm suggesting changing to BWP; it is clear and easily understood, so anyone wanting to check what is written here can compare it with the original; that is not feasible with the Mlodinow & Medrano stuff - MPF (talk) 11:24, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- Prebasic does exist in Collins dictionary and this glossary. I'm not sure what you mean by translated as the original seems to be in English there too? You seem to be asking a lot in terms of work (replacing a very up-to-date reliable source), for what I consider unclear gain. Might it be worthwhile asking for a third opinion from one of our more experienced bird editors (I'm not one). —Femke 🐦 (talk) 11:41, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- Perhaps @Jimfbleak can suggest ideas, he's a very experienced birder. See also this paper Moult terminology: Let's make it simpler! (free access), which points out that this American terminology system is completely unknown outside a very small section of "ivory tower" bird people in the USA, so not appropriate for a global audience - MPF (talk) 12:03, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- I'd argue that it's probably entirely unnecessary to "translate"(explain the meaning) of the Birds of the World section headers, as if you have access (I or Jimfbleak can provide as PDFs, since we both have subscriptions) the meaning of each of the moult stages are adequately explained. monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 20:55, 2 March 2026 (UTC)
- @MSK I'm not thinking so much of myself, as Wikipedia's target casual readers, who will [a] most likely be from within the range of the species, and [b] not have access to the paywalled site. If they read a part of the text in regular English and then look at the reference, they see unfamiliar American jargon in the sfn quote which bears no visible relationship to the text in the page: they will think "How do they get this from that? There's no match!". That's why I'd very much rather change to citing BWP, which has all the same information, but presented in a manner which directly matches what we have here, and will be familar to a far greater readership - MPF (talk) 22:56, 2 March 2026 (UTC)
- I'd argue that it's probably entirely unnecessary to "translate"(explain the meaning) of the Birds of the World section headers, as if you have access (I or Jimfbleak can provide as PDFs, since we both have subscriptions) the meaning of each of the moult stages are adequately explained. monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 20:55, 2 March 2026 (UTC)
- Perhaps @Jimfbleak can suggest ideas, he's a very experienced birder. See also this paper Moult terminology: Let's make it simpler! (free access), which points out that this American terminology system is completely unknown outside a very small section of "ivory tower" bird people in the USA, so not appropriate for a global audience - MPF (talk) 12:03, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- Prebasic does exist in Collins dictionary and this glossary. I'm not sure what you mean by translated as the original seems to be in English there too? You seem to be asking a lot in terms of work (replacing a very up-to-date reliable source), for what I consider unclear gain. Might it be worthwhile asking for a third opinion from one of our more experienced bird editors (I'm not one). —Femke 🐦 (talk) 11:41, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- It may be reliable, but the language (particularly in respect of moulting) is totally impenetrable (see my previous note on the GA review here), and inappropriate US-POV-pushing for an Old World species. In the Pontoppidan and Blasius Merrem citations, there are translations "|quote=Knuſſel, Calidris. Schnabel walzenförmig, gegen die Spitze hin dicker, glatt. Mittlere und äuſsere Zehe etwas verbunden. Tringa calidris, arenaria u. a.|trans-quote=Knussel, Calidris. Beak cylindrical, becoming thicker toward the tip, smooth. Middle and outer toes somewhat connected. Tringa calidris, arenaria and others." If we are going to have citations from Mlodinow & Medrano, they also need translating from their weird jargon into English, if a translation can be found, if anyone has a clue what they mean, so e.g. "Sfn|Mlodinow|Medrano|2023|loc=Plumages, Molts, and Structure § Second and Definitive Prebasic Molts |trans= Plumages, Moults, and Structure § moults from second-winter and adult winter to summer plumage" [?; possibly!]. But is that the correct translation? Does anybody know? "Prebasic" isn't even a word, it doesn't exist in the OED (I just looked up), so how can it be translated? That's why I'm suggesting changing to BWP; it is clear and easily understood, so anyone wanting to check what is written here can compare it with the original; that is not feasible with the Mlodinow & Medrano stuff - MPF (talk) 11:24, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- Also, could you explain the reasoning of using "it" instead of "their" in the lead? Thanks in advance. monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 02:58, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- Because we are speaking of the species as a single unit; that's normal: "The curlew sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea) is a small wader first described in 1763 by Erik Pontoppidan in the genus Tringa before being moved to their current genus, Calidris, in 1804 by Blasius Merrem. They are ..." in the second sentence is a sudden change in plurality; it would only work if the page started "Curlew sandpipers are small waders....". - MPF (talk) 10:28, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Femke@MPF Hopefully I managed to change everything to singular instead of plural when referring to curlew sandpipers. monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 21:25, 2 March 2026 (UTC)
- Because we are speaking of the species as a single unit; that's normal: "The curlew sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea) is a small wader first described in 1763 by Erik Pontoppidan in the genus Tringa before being moved to their current genus, Calidris, in 1804 by Blasius Merrem. They are ..." in the second sentence is a sudden change in plurality; it would only work if the page started "Curlew sandpipers are small waders....". - MPF (talk) 10:28, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- Just noticed a fairly major error (sort-of thought of it before, but hadn't checked properly until now): when Blasius Merrem described the new genus Calidris in 1804, he didn't include Curlew Sandpiper in his new genus. Unfortunately, finding out who was the first author to explicity use the combination Calidris ferruginea won't be easy; this sort of information isn't well documented (it's not like in botany, where the revising author is a required citation as well as the original author) - MPF (talk) 18:06, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- The text doesn't say that Merrem moved it, just that it was later transferred, OK as it stands, and a major task to find who actually transferred it, so I wouldn't bother Jimfbleak - talk to me? 09:59, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- It did as the text was before I changed it last night (which I didn't feel constrained about, as it was uncontroversial; previous wording was "before being moved to its current genus, Calidris, in 1804 by Blasius Merrem") - MPF (talk) 14:05, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Jimfbleak I think I may have found it; surprisingly recent, as Pontoppidan's Tringa ferruginea was long overlooked with older works using Pallas's Scolopax testacea. It's (probably) in Stresemann, E. (1941). Calidris ferruginea (Pontoppidan) statt Calidris testacea (Pallas). Ornithologische Monatsberichte 49: 21. Regrettably "This item is not available online due to copyright restrictions"🤬 And with it being a German journal published in 1941, it won't be available as hard copy in any UK library, either. - MPF (talk) 17:40, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Jimfbleak @MSK this has been a really fascinating rabbithole to dive into! There are plenty of earlier references (example) to Calidris ferruginea ... but (Brünnich, 1764), not (Pontoppidan, 1763), so a later homonym, even though used for the same species, Curlew Sandpiper. Then this in Witherby's A practical handbook of British birds (1924), which rejects C. ferruginea (Brünnich, 1764) in favour of C. testacea (Pallas, 1764) because of this homonymy, with C. ferruginea (Pontoppidan, 1763) disregarded as "considered indeterminate .... (Hartert however disagreeing)". Looks like Hartert's disagreement with the consensus was eventually verified by Stresemann, leading to the installation of Pontoppidan's name as valid in the inaccessible 1941 Ornithologische Monatsberichte paper. - MPF (talk) 22:19, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Jimfbleak I think I may have found it; surprisingly recent, as Pontoppidan's Tringa ferruginea was long overlooked with older works using Pallas's Scolopax testacea. It's (probably) in Stresemann, E. (1941). Calidris ferruginea (Pontoppidan) statt Calidris testacea (Pallas). Ornithologische Monatsberichte 49: 21. Regrettably "This item is not available online due to copyright restrictions"🤬 And with it being a German journal published in 1941, it won't be available as hard copy in any UK library, either. - MPF (talk) 17:40, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- It did as the text was before I changed it last night (which I didn't feel constrained about, as it was uncontroversial; previous wording was "before being moved to its current genus, Calidris, in 1804 by Blasius Merrem") - MPF (talk) 14:05, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- The text doesn't say that Merrem moved it, just that it was later transferred, OK as it stands, and a major task to find who actually transferred it, so I wouldn't bother Jimfbleak - talk to me? 09:59, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- @MPF: have you tried Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request? It's amazing what people can access. Jimfbleak - talk to me? 08:27, 2 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Jim
To be honest I was surprised that this article seemed to have sailed through GA, let alone be nominated here, despite multiple grammatical errors (notably random switching from "it" to "they") and missing words. I started fixing some of these, but got bored. However, a first FAC is never easy, so I'll do what I can. MSK I have paid access to Cornell Birds of the World, and if you email me I'll send copies of any sections you need, the plumage and moult section in particular might be helpful. The Cornell map doesn't show or mention breeding in Alaska or elsewhere in N America. I'll comment as I go Jimfbleak - talk to me? 16:24, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- I'm not a fan of the bullet-pointed sections, an FA is supposed to show a high standard of writing which lists don't fulfil, particularly inappropriate for territorial behaviour.
- Your text is comprehensive, but you say nothing about predation, which obviously occurs. I appreciate why, since you are unlikely to find a source saying X eats curlew sandpipers, but you can fudge a bit, as I did in Ruff (bird) Nesting and survival section.
- If you want an image in the second half, you could use file:P9200027.JPG, the locationmentioned in the text, and/or file:Tundra in Siberia.jpg to show breeding habitat. I'll do a proper review soon, Jimfbleak - talk to me? 14:13, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- That tundra photo shows shrub tundra (near Dudinka), too far south for Curlew Sandpiper breeding habitat; looking around Commons, this one File:Bennett-Insel 3 2014-08-25.jpg gives a better feel for their breeding habitat, matches the habitat description in BWP - MPF (talk) 17:37, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- Cornell has Females cooperated to spot, warn of, and mob potential predators. Additionally, these aggregations sometimes involved families of other species, including Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), Little Stint (Calidris minuta), and Sanderling (Calidris alba)., worth mentioning? here Jimfbleak - talk to me? 14:32, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- Your map is fine, perhaps provide links to the sources on the Commons page?
- I'd move "Similar species" to immediately follow the rest of the plumage description, rather than having vocalisations in between. Personally, I don't normally bother with images of similar species, but I doubt that there's a guideline on that.
Comments from William Avery
The captions contain a number of imperative statements that are instructions to the reader, beginning "Note...". These are generally to be avoided, per MOS:NOTE. Instead of captions of the form "A bird. Note x.", you could use "A bird, showing x" or similar. William Avery (talk) 13:57, 3 March 2026 (UTC)
RoySmith
- I'll start with a positive: I like that you used the term "formally described" the first time instead of just "described" as many species articles use. The full term makes it clear to the reader that this is not the common-language usage of "describe" which it might otherwise appear to be.
- Many readers will not be familiar with the "Calidris × cooperi" usage for a genetic cross. You do link "hybridises, but that's far enough away from the "x" usage that its not obvious they're connected. Not to mention that the linked-to Hybrid (biology) doesn't explain the "x" nomenclature; it just uses it a couple of times, assuming the reader already knows what it means. So that needs a little clarification.
- There's a few words that need explaining per MOS:TECHNICAL: tarsus, coverts, crest, rectices, primaries, secondaries, scapulars, tertials, rufous, nape, beach wrack.
- MSK you fixed a few of these, but also missed a bunch: coverts, rectrices, etc. Please make sure all of those have some in-line explanation.
- a distinctively white supercilium ("eyebrow") No need to put "eyebrow" in quotes.
- MSK You still have a few of these: "knee" and "ankle" for example. See WP:SCAREQUOTES.
- I'm pretty sure in this case it should be fine, since what is called the "knee" is not actually the knee, so I am actually intending to indicate that the writer is distancing themself from the otherwise common interpretation of the quoted expression, and the those are words to watch, not words to avoid. monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 23:23, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- MSK You still have a few of these: "knee" and "ankle" for example. See WP:SCAREQUOTES.
- grey-brown lores (between the base of the bill and the eyes) should be "the feathers between the base ..."
- the body feathers are largely or completely replaced, but few if any flight feathers are replaced Maybe this is OK, but some readers might wonder what "flight feathers" are. Would is be correct to say "wing feathers", as a more obvious opposite to "body feathers"?
- I agree with William Avery about your use of "note" in captions.
- File:Calidris ferruginea in flight - Paolo Zucca - 228168944.png is not a great photo. Is there a better one which could be swapped in here? If not, then at least a closer crop would probably be useful.
- Only the male sings ... Calls are uttered by both genders explain how a song differs from a call. Is it just that calls are shorter? If so, state that.
- The dunlin also looks similar, but ... You've already discussed the dunlin in the previous paragraph. Could these be consolidated?
- The "Distribution and habitat" section needs a map. I know you've got one in the infobox, but it would be more useful if it was in this section, adjacent to the text which discusses it.
- The curlew sandpiper shows little fidelity to nesting sites can you be more specific about what "fidelity to nesting sites" means? For example, some birds (Ospreys being the example I'm most familiar with) return to the same exact nest they built the previous year. So does a lack of fidelity mean they come back to the same general area but build a new nest, or that they come back to a totally different location?
- It practices preening and bathing and have been observed scratching its head with its claws and dipping its head in the water to clean it "has been observed", perhaps?
- Territories are 1.6–4.0 hectares (4.0–9.9 acres) in size No need for "in size"; that's just fluff that adds no information.
- A male would perform aerial displays and "whine" drop the quotes.
That's it for me for a first reading. Overall, I think this is in pretty good shape. RoySmith (talk) 17:05, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
- Drive-by image comment - I might return with a fuller review, but at first glance, the huge galleries seem unusual, see WP:galleries, especially since there are comparatively few photos of the article's subject itself. No more photos of behaviour and other relevant aspects? Could the galleries be made less dominating by for example using right or left aligned multiple image templates instead? FunkMonk (talk) 17:16, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
- I mostly agree with Monk about the images of other species. I don't think that comparison photos are necessarily a problem but now that Monk has mentioned it, yeah, there do seem to be a lot of them. There's a fine line between "This is what X is" and "How to tell X from Y". The latter is more appropriate for a birding guide, but that's not what we are per WP:NOTHOWTO. The use of "note" in the image captions is related to this. RoySmith (talk) 17:44, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
- @RoySmith this is the only other freely licensed photo on Flickr I could find of the curlew sandpiper's wings, perhaps it might be better? I've removed the "Calidris x cooper" and other scientific names, since they don't add much to the article.
- @RoySmith @William Avery I should have removed all the instances of MOS:NOTE.
- @RoySmith @FunkMonk I've removed some of the unnecessary images, hopefully it's better now. When I get home I'll try to mess around with the galleries to try and make them smaller.
- Thank you all for the reviews! monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 21:16, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
- I've found a couple more photos of the curlew sandpiper in flight on iNaturalist that are freely licensed and better then the current one, let me know which one is the best.
- https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/331094277
- https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230345099
- https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/57619100 - though there are 2 other non-curlew sandpipers
- https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/154901555 - not in flight, but wingstripes are very visible
- https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/187164429 - about the same res as the original, but wingstripes are more prominent
- I've looked through all the CC-BY photos of the curlew sandpiper so if you want to search on your own filter the other freely usable licenses. monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 21:28, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
- I just searched through BY-SA and CC0, found these photos:
- https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/141492937 - amazing photo, but bird itself is pretty low-res
- https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/183637718 - higher res, but is a front-on view and wingstripe is a bit harder to see.
- monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 21:34, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
- I just searched through BY-SA and CC0, found these photos:
- I've found a couple more photos of the curlew sandpiper in flight on iNaturalist that are freely licensed and better then the current one, let me know which one is the best.
MSK
@Generalissima: I have made the citations much more consistent, and I've used the IUCN source a bit more; your concerns should all be addressed (nil the final paragraph of Description/Similar species, as I don't have access to those books.)
@Femke and RoySmith: I've done a lot of work trying to MTAU, hopefully your concerns should all be addressed. For Femke, I've also went and removed all the convert templates, since this bird is native to the Old World and thus shouldn't really need imperial units anyways. RoySmith, I've also removed all the scientific names from the hybrids part in Taxonomy, as they really don't add anything to the article.
@Jimfbleak: I've tried to expand the predation section, I found one source mentioning that they are hunted by the parasitic jaeger and the rufous-breasted sparrowhawk, and another source discussing the predators of Arctic-breeding waters as well. I've removed all of the bullet lists from the prose. All your issues should be fixed now.
Misc:
- Corrected spellings to British English
- Fixed the they/it inconsistency
- Added alt text to all the images
monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 20:27, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- @MSK: Parasitic jaegers and rufous-breasted sparrowhawks have been observed preying upon curlew sandpipers. "Parasitic jaeger" reads oddly in a British English text, and I'd make it clear that the hawk is on the wintering grounds, perhaps something like Arctic skuas and, in the African wintering areas, rufous-breasted sparrowhawks... Otherwise, now ready to Support Jimfbleak - talk to me? 09:24, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
Done monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 20:35, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
- @MSK: Parasitic jaegers and rufous-breasted sparrowhawks have been observed preying upon curlew sandpipers. "Parasitic jaeger" reads oddly in a British English text, and I'd make it clear that the hawk is on the wintering grounds, perhaps something like Arctic skuas and, in the African wintering areas, rufous-breasted sparrowhawks... Otherwise, now ready to Support Jimfbleak - talk to me? 09:24, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- @RoySmith @Generalissima Your comments should all be addressed, if I could nudge you to support that would be great! Thanks in advance. msk 19:46, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments by Aa77zz
The Feeding and diet section needs work.
- Large flocks only occur outside the breeding areas
- Like many other Scolopacidae, curlew sandpipers feed by touch. They probe mud or soft sand in marshy areas with their long bills. This is an important method of foraging and should be mentioned in the article.
- Other than insects, outside the breeding season curlew sandpipers eat polychaete worms (bristle worms), small molluscs, crustaceans etc.
- Feeding at night is very poorly documented in the literature and is doubtful. It is mentioned by Mlodinow & Medrano (2023) but not by BWP.
- The only primary source on nocturnal feeding that I can find is a passing reference in a half page 1981 article by Peter Dann here: Dann, P. (1981). "Resource allocation among 3 congeneric species of sandpiper" (PDF). Stilt. 1: 3..
- "although the frequency at which it forages at night decreases as the time for northwards migration approaches." I think this misrepresents the primary source which is: Puttick, G.M. (1979). "Foraging behaviour and activity budgets of Curlew Sandpipers". Ardea. 67: 111–122.. Puttick checked for night feeding but didn't observe this behaviour - even though the birds were soon expected to migrate and would need to build up reserves. He was questioning whether night feeding ever occurs.
- An article specifically on night feeding by waders here: Rohweder, D.A.; Baverstock, P.R. (1996). "Preliminary investigation of nocturnal habitat use by migratory waders (Order Charadriformes) in northern New South Wales". Wildlife Research. 23: 169–184. doi:10.1071/WR9960169. only contains the sentence "The numbers of terek sandpiper (Xenus cinereus) and curlew sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea) decreased on sandy mudflats at night although where these birds went is unknown."
- In Dann's much longer 1999 article on foraging by curlew sandpipers he doesn't mention nocturnal feeding: Dann, Peter (1999). "Foraging behaviour and diets of red-necked stints and curlew sandpipers in south-eastern Australia". Wildlife Research. 27 (1): 61–68. doi:10.1071/WR98050. - Aa77zz (talk) 11:30, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- I've removed the part about feeding at night; I hopefully will get around to fixing up the Feeding and diet section when I get home in a couple of hours. Thank you for the comments! monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 21:10, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- 3 days late but I finally got around to fixing up the Feeding and diet section; that should be
Done monkeysmashingkeyboards (talk) 19:27, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Aa77zz, how is this looking now? Gog the Mild (talk) 12:47, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- 3 days late but I finally got around to fixing up the Feeding and diet section; that should be
Source review
I wonder if https://www.discoverwildlife.com/animal-facts/birds/do-birds-have-knees is the best source we can use for such an explanation. Same question for https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/how-do-birds-survive-the-winter/ but in my experience this kind of information is really hard to source and kinda banal, so I guess it's OK. Everything else seems fine; as per usual, I think identifiers in citations are a job for the bots not human editors. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:29, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
Jens
- A first-year breeder does not migrate, instead remaining in its overwintering range throughout breeding season – So first-years breed? That is not mentioned in the main text.
- Oops! "Yearling bird" is used later in the text so I used that instead.
- The juvenile plumage is strikingly different – More striking than the difference between breeding and non breeding adults? Or what does the "striking" imply here?
- Don't know why I used striking here, removed.
- The curlew sandpiper is a monotypic taxon, meaning that it has no recognised subspecies. – We should not introduce technical terms just to teach them. You could simply write "There are no recognised subspecies".
- Done.
- and a tarsus (the joint between the "knee" and the "ankle"[a]) – the tarsus is not a joint. It should also link to the Glossary of bird terms (like this: {{birdgloss|tarsus}}), as the article tarsus (skeleton) is about human anatomy and not helpful.
- Never knew about this template, seems useful! Also fixed the misnomer.
- dark brown irises – Link iris
- Done.
- especially on the top of the head – Why is this linked to an article about crests? Does this bird have a crest? Do you maybe wanted to link to crown?
- Done.
- Need to link "rump" (birdgloss, again)
- Done.
- The pre-breeding moult – This is quite technical. Anyways, I would first add a general sentence introducing the different moults, then discuss each of them.
- I added an explanatory sentence to the first paragraph, hopefully it is enough.
- Occurring from January to May, the pre-breeding moult is partial – Contradicts previous sentence that states it is a full moult.
- The previous sentence is a typo, I meant to write "post-breeding moult"
- Returning breeders are sexually dimorphic – So that means that in secondary plumage, they are not sexually dimorphic? Term could be explained too.
- Reworded. Definitive plumages are identical in both sexes.
- Link/explain "crown"
- Replaced with "top of the head" like earlier.
- except with the rust-coloured tinting being almost completely solid – What does "solid" mean? Uniform?
- Replaced with "opaque".
- The juvenile looks similar to the adult non-breeding plumage – This contradicts the lead which says that the juvenile is "strikingly different".
- Done.
- has a less visible eyebrows – singular/plural mismatch
- Done.
- which is similar in colour and build, though it is darker, larger, and has a shorter bill – The image caption mentions the yellowish legs; therefore it is not similar in color!?
- Done.
- where the severe climate with harsh cold winds and short growing period prevent – "prevents"
- Done.
- overwinters in coastal South Asia as well as Southeast Asia – Is an "also" missing, since it does not only overwinter in Asia?
- Done.
- Its behaviour is similar to that of other waders: walking, running, and wading – That's a strange sentence. Behaviours are not restricted to just these three, very general ones. These are just modes of locomotion.
- Done.
- sandspits – should that be "sandpits"?
- Nope, see Merriam-Webster. I will try to MTAU for this later.
- The aerial chase closely resembles territorial conflicts – I think this is poor wording (maybe "resembles chases during territorial conflicts")
- Done.
- repeating the pressing motion from earlier. – What pressing motion?
- I was probably looking at the source when I wrote that, reworded.
- The precopulatory display precedes copulation – That's a tautology. Why not just "Before copulation, …"?
- This was a stylistic choice to stick to the names Holmes & Pitelka gave to each breeding display, though if you'd prefer it I can also reword it to your suggestion.
- That's most of it; there are a few paragraphs I still have to read. --Jens Lallensack (talk) 19:52, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Jens, courtesy ping, see above. Cheers. Gog the Mild (talk) 12:45, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
Spotcheck
- 3 OK
- 4 OK
- 5 OK
- 7 Where is that said?
- 9 I oh so hate photo PDFs.
- 11 Which page?
- 19 Not sure which section this is?
- 21 Not sure which section this is?
- 26 Not sure which section this is?
- 28 Can't access any of this.
- 29 Not sure which section this is?
- 33 OK
- 35 OK
- 48 This needs a page number.
- 53 Doesn't mention "warbling", at times the formulations are quite similar to the sauce.
- 63 Not sure which section this is?
- 64 OK
- 68 Not sure which section this is?
- 75 The source says peregrine falcon.
- 80 Not sure which section this is?
Might take a while to get back here, just as a heads up. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:25, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- For source 7, on the very large table on page 13, near the bottom. For the Birds of the World source, it's closed access with a free preview, but I will send you a PDF. For source 28 you'll have to ask MPF, I don't have access to those either. Source 53, "warbling" is a synonym for "twittering" that is also more common, so I used that instead. I was trying to stick to the source's formatting, but if it is too close, I can re-write that section. For source 75, that was an error on my part, fixed. Thanks in advance. msk 17:14, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- 19 seems to involve more feathers than our article says. 26 doesn't mention white spots/tufts or returning breeders? 63 doesn't imply that mixed species flocks are the norm. 80 is fine, wonder if linking intertidal would be warranted. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:30, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Should be done. msk 20:00, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- I think so, yes. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:37, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Should be done. msk 20:00, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- 19 seems to involve more feathers than our article says. 26 doesn't mention white spots/tufts or returning breeders? 63 doesn't imply that mixed species flocks are the norm. 80 is fine, wonder if linking intertidal would be warranted. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:30, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
Horizon Zero Dawn
This article is about Horizon Zero Dawn, a video game released in February 2017 and the first instalment in the Horizon franchise. The game is set in a post-apocalyptic United States where large robotic machines dominate the Earth while humans live in primitive tribes. The article has been a GA since just a few months after its release, but a lot of new info has occurred over the years which was lacking. OceanHok and I put in a lot of work over the last month or so regarding cleanup and expanding certain areas. We look forward to any feedback. -- ZooBlazer 21:42, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
TheBrickGraphic
Hello! I remember hearing of this game a while back. Overall, this is a great and exhaustive article; here are some prose-related comments. TheBrickGraphic (talk) 23:45, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for the comments @TheBrickGraphic! I have addressed everything I think. Let me know if something needs further work. -- ZooBlazer 00:16, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
Lead
No issues as far as I could tell.
- @ZooBlazer: Just found an issue: it doesn't seem like Jared Diamond nor his non-fiction books are mentioned elsewhere apart from the lead. Additionally, it seems that when talking about The Flight, the article switches between capitalizing the "T" and keeping it lowercase, as in "the Flight"; I believe the capitalized version is correct, so could this be applied for all mentions of them?
- @TheBrickGraphic Both things addressed. Diamond's books were mentioned, but I added his name to make it more clear.
- In that case, I'm glad to Support on prose. Good work to both of you! TheBrickGraphic (talk) 03:38, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- @TheBrickGraphic Both things addressed. Diamond's books were mentioned, but I added his name to make it more clear.
Gameplay
- "These machines and human enemies like bandits and cultists are the game's main types of enemies." Minor, but I'd suggest adding commas surrounding "like bandits and cultists".
- Done
- "In addition to a spear for melee combat, Aloy can also shoot enemies with arrows..." Again, minor, but since the rest of the sentence describes specific tools, like the spear, Tripcaster, and Ropecaster, perhaps "arrows" can be replaced with "bows and arrows"?
- Done
- "Players can also utilise stealth tactics, hiding in foliage to ambush nearby enemies, and distracting enemies by throwing rocks or whistling." The flow of this sentence is kind of awkward, which I think can be fixed if something like "including" or "such as" is placed after the comma following "tactics". This might also mean getting rid of the comma after "enemies".
- Done
- "Players can also complete optional open world activities..." I think a hyphen should go between "open" and "world" here.
- Done
Synopsis
No issues as far as I could tell.
Development
- "The team was inspired by Fallout 3 (2008), a RPG..." "A RPG" or "an RPG"? The latter I believe is grammatically correct.
- Done
- "The team had to significantly scale back the size of the game world after they realised they cannot fill the entire map with content." "They cannot" seems incorrect here, as this is a present-tense phrase located within a sentence clearly taking place in the past. I suggest replacing this with "they could not".
- Done
- "De Man concentrated on memorable themes and leitmotivs..." Not major, but a general question: is there reason to use "leitmotiv" as opposed to "leitmotif"? I know "leitmotiv" is the native German spelling, but I wonder if this spelling is the norm for articles written in UK English.
- I'm not entirely sure which is the one that should be used. The ref for that part uses leitmotiv in a quote from the composer so I think that is why that spelling is used in the article.
- Hm, I think in that case I'd personally use "leitmotif" just to be consistent with what the associated Wikipedia article itself calls it. I don't think it's a major issue though, so I leave the choice to you.
- @TheBrickGraphic! Alright, I ended up switching it since it does seem like the version with an F is more common for English.
- Hm, I think in that case I'd personally use "leitmotif" just to be consistent with what the associated Wikipedia article itself calls it. I don't think it's a major issue though, so I leave the choice to you.
- I'm not entirely sure which is the one that should be used. The ref for that part uses leitmotiv in a quote from the composer so I think that is why that spelling is used in the article.
Release
No issues as far as I could tell.
Reception
No issues as far as I could tell.
Legacy
- "Ashly Burch reprises her role as Aloy, while Carrie-Anne Moss and Angela Bassett are among the cast members." This is worded in such a way that implies Moss and Bassett are notable in some manner; were they fully new cast members? If so, I'd clarify this in the prose.
- Specified that they were new
Gommeh - image review
- Cover art looks fine.
- Gameplay screenshot looks fine.
- The Guerrilla Games logo is public domain, but is it really necessary to include it in the article for the game?
- Seems alright in the development section and it also helps balance the images on the page a little more since the first half of the article has them more spread out. Do you think it should be removed?
- I'm not sure if the image of Joris de Man is of good enough quality. I did an image search on Google and found some decent ones, but am not too sure on their usability in regard to copyright.
- I agree, but also not sure about what I would be allowed to use as a replacement.
- I'm not too familiar with the guidelines on alt text for logos; would that be necessary for the Guerrilla logo? (Asking for guidance.)
- From my experience I've always added alt text for logos. I just assumed it was just another image so it was required to include.
- I'm not satisfied with the alt text for the picture of Ashly Burch; it should mention that she is holding a microphone and perhaps describe Burch's appearance a little more.
- Done
- Same with the picture of de Man.
- Done
- No other issues with the pictures. Gommeh (talk! sign!) 17:56, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
BP! (source review)
- Medium is unreliable
- Even in the context it is used in the article? It's written by Native American writer and used for some of the criticism the game received regarding the depiction between the game's tribes and Native Americans -- ZooBlazer
- De Luca's criticism is covered by Vice, which I think is reliable, so we can technically remove the direct Medium source and leave only the Vice source there.
- ref 240 if possible, can you you replace the source?
- Done
- What makes The Game Post reliable?
- Replaced
- Despite GamingBolt is reliable, it was deemed to be a low quality source for FAC sadly
- Replaced all of them except 61 in the narrative section, since I cannot find any better alternative.
- Is it possible to replace Destructoid source?
- Replaced
- Is GamePressure reliable?
- Replaced
- Seasoned Gaming source probably needs to be replaced
- Replaced
- Please remove Reddit as a source and replace it
- Replaced
- Fandom could be fine for concept development section I guess
- I'm 50/50 about Mashable, but based on their content I think it should be fine
- Other sources are reliable and should be fine already. 🍕BP!🍕 (🔔) 21:28, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Boneless Pizza!: - I think I have addressed all the issues, with the exception of the GamingBolt one. Would you recommend removing the whole sentence outright, or is it fine to keep it there? OceanHok (talk) 05:56, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- @OceanHok Since it is about the name Horizon, maybe we can remove it and just move it to Horizon (video game series) for now? -- ZooBlazer 06:35, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments
- "A special type of ammo" - ammunition....?
- "As players explore, they will collect natural resources and parts dropped by the machine" - machines?
- "The story is set in a post-apocalyptic United States, between the states of Arizona, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah" - this makes it sound like the US is located geographically in between those five states, which I presume isn't the case......?
- When you describe the tribes you have "The Nora are..." (plural), "The Carja are...... (plural)" but "The Banuk consists.... (singular)"
- "because he didn't want people" => "did not"
- "Despite being set centries" - last word is spelt wrong
- "Set in the ruins of the "Old World," the team faced" - the team is not set in those ruins
- That's what I got as far as the end of "The machines". Back for more later...... -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 15:17, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- "and depending on the "strength" of a machine's sensors, the AI might only receive" => "and, depending on the "strength" of a machine's sensors, the AI might only receive"
- Burch image caption is a complete sentence so it needs a full stop
- "while the game's expansion, The Frozen Wilds took inspiration" => "while the game's expansion, The Frozen Wilds, took inspiration"
- Is this article written in British English or US English? I see "Rendering was optimised", which suggests the former but "allowing players to empathize", which suggests the latter.......
- That's what I got up to the end of "music"...... -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 08:29, 2 March 2026 (UTC)
- "The level cap is increased from 50 to 60 and a new skill tree branch called "Traveler" was added" - the tenses disagree here (and in the sentences about Frozen Wild generally)
- "The Complete Edition, which bundled the base game and The Frozen Wilds, and all items from the "Digital Deluxe Edition", was released" => "The Complete Edition, which bundled the base game, The Frozen Wilds, and all items from the "Digital Deluxe Edition", was released"
- "This prevented anyone living in the more than one hundred countries, primarily in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia, where PSN is unavailable, from playing" => "This prevented anyone living in the more than one hundred countries, primarily in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia, where PSN is unavailable from playing"
- "The increased amount of memory of the PS5 allowed Nixxes to increase the number of NPCs and introduced more dynamic NPC behaviours" => "The increased amount of memory of the PS5 allowed Nixxes to increase the number of NPCs and introduce more dynamic NPC behaviours"
- "Melee combat,[28][123] and combat encounters with human enemies,[5][126][130] however, were singled out as weaker parts of the game." => "Melee combat[28][123] and combat encounters with human enemies,[5][126][130] however, were singled out as weaker parts of the game."
- "The game received some criticism for the similarities between the tribes and Native Americans, including having Aloy, a white female, as the lead protagonist" - having a white protagonist is not an example of a similarity between the tribes and Native Americans, so "including" doesn't work there. Maybe "The game received some criticism for depicting the tribes as similar to Native Americans but having Aloy, a white female, as the lead protagonist"
- "He added that the team didn't base" => "He added that the team did not base"
- "The game won awards for 2 of its nominations " => "The game won awards for two of its nominations "
- Make sure everything sorts correctly in the table Currently John Gonzalez and Joris de Man both sort under J when they should sort based on surname
- "The game was released on 18 February 2022 for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, and was ported" => "The game was released on 18 February 2022 for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5, and was ported"
- "The story takes place 6 months after" => "The story takes place six months after"
- That's what I got in the rest of the article. Great work on this article! -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 08:27, 3 March 2026 (UTC)
- @ChrisTheDude I think everything has been addressed. Let me know if I accidentally skipped over something and thank you for the review! -- ZooBlazer 08:59, 3 March 2026 (UTC)
- Support -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 09:15, 3 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments by Vestigia Leonis
General
- British English check: Stylized -> stylised (Guerrilla logo.svg alt text) and skillful -> skilful (Gameplay section)
- Done
- Maybe British English adjustment? Traveler skill -> Traveller skill (The Frozen Wilds). However, if this is how the skill is named in-game, I am unsure myself how this is correctly handled.
- Yeah, that is how it is in-game, so I figured that's how it should despite the article being British English.
- Suggest checking Tony1 tutorial for misplaced formality. Have seen utilise / utilising in a couple of paragraphs for example.
- Interesting. Done
- Inconsistency with using player vs. players (MOS:VGGP).
- Did not realize that was a thing. I changed most instances to singular because it felt fitting for a single player game, but left a few instances of plural because it made sense in the context.
- The few plural instances make sense for me as well.
- Did not realize that was a thing. I changed most instances to singular because it felt fitting for a single player game, but left a few instances of plural because it made sense in the context.
- open world game -> open-world game (compound adjective). Also open world workflow.
- Done
- Evening Standard is a tabloid. While it is used for an interview, it would be better to replace it.
- Replaced
- Is The Outline reliable?
- Seems like it after reading about the site and wiki article
Lead
- Is Aloy generally called a hunter or a huntress? No preference here, and huntress only pops up one time in the first paragraph of the plot.
- Changed to huntress
- Is the bow her primary weapon? It could be highlighted then (haven't played the series).
- Bow and spear are
- Riskiest idea pitched -> Pitched by whom? Maybe slightly expand this. It is properly described in the development section, though.
- I'm not sure the pitched by whom is needed in the lead.
- The game won numerous awards -> BAFTA and DICE wins would be notable for the lead.
- Included both
Gameplay and synopsis
- Maybe switch paragraphs 2 and 3. Start with that it is an open-world game, and afterwards refer to what can be done exploring?
- Flipped
- Last two sentences of paragraph 3 could be adjusted to not both have "Players can also".
- Changed
- Cast members are named and linked, but not all of them are sourced in body. JB Blanc is linked in plot, but does not appear to be sourced anywhere, for example. If this is not necessary, you can keep it as it is.
- I think it should be fine. There really aren't a ton of sources for the characters besides Aloy. I think it was a little better for the sequel though.
Development and Release
- Gameplay design: "The original plan was to support cooperative multiplayer, though this was later scrapped as the team wanted the world to maintain a high level of details." -> Not sure what "maintain a high level of details" means in contrast to not supporting multiplayer.
- I think it is just saying they wanted to keep their attention on one thing. Multiplayer would take some of their focus on the single player world/map
- Technology: What are "World Data Maps"? And shortly after, "pre-baked solutions", is this a common term? I assume this means pre-built?
- Not sure about common terms, but they were the terms used in the interview. Do you have a suggestion on how to word these better?
We also created a system for storing data for input to procedural systems, so-called “World Data Maps”
The reason we chose to once again use a prebaked solution instead of a fully real-time solution
- Fine with pre-baked actually, I understand it now after reading more of the source.
- Not sure about common terms, but they were the terms used in the interview. Do you have a suggestion on how to word these better?
- Remaster: Add years to the announcement dates (or something like "that same year").
- Done
Reception
- Combat: Second sentence refers to Dan Silver of The Guardian, but source is The Verge.
- Fixed
- Depending on what you do with the above, Dan Silver's full name can be cut to Silver in paragraph 3.
- Done
- In paragraph 4, bundle the 5 sources.
- Done
Accolades and Sales
- Two of its nominations -> Two of its 10 nominations
- Done
- Famitsu Awards are, if I understand correctly, considered individual publication awards and should be removed from the table (MOS:VGAWARDS).
- Removed
- NAVGTR Awards lack notability and should be removed.
- Removed
- Unsure about the notability of GoldSpirit Awards and TIGA Awards. Would you consider them meeting the requirements of (MOS:VGAWARDS)? Is secondary coverage available?
- I removed GoldSpirit because I'm not sure. Does being a trade association add notability for TIGA? I am no expert when it comes to award notability.
- TIGA seems to be more notable than NAVGTR and has no archived discussion that we could refer to. Let's keep it for now, if someone objects, it can just be removed later.
- I removed GoldSpirit because I'm not sure. Does being a trade association add notability for TIGA? I am no expert when it comes to award notability.
- Sales: Maybe swap to prioritize global sales first? Just my preference, though.
- I'm not entirely sure that would work. The section is pretty much just in date order.
That's what I have found (or made me stop reading). Vestigia Leonis (talk) 17:44, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Vestigia Leonis Thanks for the review! I have addressed/responded to everything above. -- ZooBlazer 20:07, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
- Alright, replied to a few things for the sake of completeness. Everything else is fine as is for me after understanding it. Good work, and happy to support! Vestigia Leonis (talk) 20:44, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
Support Pseud 14
Will provide commentaries soon. Pseud 14 (talk) 05:40, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Pseud 14, nudge. Gog the Mild (talk) 21:46, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
Apologies for the delay as I was traveling. Here are the first batch of comments down. I have reviewed down to the Gameplay section. Will continue with more comments in the coming days thanks for the nudge Gog!Pseud 14 (talk) 20:49, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- I would link film adaptation
- is it British Academy Games Awards? perhaps that should be clarified to have a distinction from the film awards.
Continuing…
- Worth adding (ARPG) in the link, if possible
- Not sure it is needed. I haven't noticed other games abbreviate it, at least when the genre is just mentioned in the lead/gameplay section. -- ZooBlazer
- all good, not a big issue.
- As the player explores - perhaps elaborate what is being explored? The gameplay environment, etc?
- Link open world game
Going to finish Legacy and the rest in the coming days. Apologies I had to do it piecemeal. Travelling for work atm. Pseud 14 (talk) 04:39, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
More points:
- delayed slightly by the COVID-19 pandemic - slightly delayed might be a more appropriate phrasing
This concludes my review, thanks for your patoence. Once addressed, I will have another look. Pseud 14 (talk) 20:09, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Pseud 14 Everything should be addressed now. Thanks for your review! -- ZooBlazer 21:14, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
skim by toby
I guess I owe you for cutting my peer review short.
- I doubt that CEO is necessary to link in Plot.
- Combat was divided into three stages: "prepare", "engage" and "escape", and most combat encounters were designed to support these pillars. -> Combat was divided into three stages: "prepare", "engage" and "escape", with most encounters designed to support these pillars.
- ...particularly analysing the concept of humanity not being the dominant species
due to animal-like machines roaming around. I feel this sentence can do fine with that part cut. - The developers created distinct cultures like the matriarchal Nora and the patriarchal, technology-embracing Carja to represent different ways of seeing the world. I feel like there has to be some other way of phrasing "different ways of seeing the world". Perhaps: ...to represent diverse worldviews?
- ...and the team avoided adding a large number of jargons to keep the story accessible and easy to understand. -> ...and the team avoided significant jargon to retain accessibility.
- I doubt that you need to link giraffes.
Nothing immediately jumped out to me from a quick skim. Nice job. Check out my FAC nom if you can! No worries if not. toby (t)(c)(rw) 06:05, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
Support by David Fuchs
Going to be finished up tomorrow or Saturday and will post. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 18:42, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
Sorry for the delay! Anyhooo... started working on the version from the 27th, but revising comments (I think) applicable to this version.
<snipped to talk>
- The reception section sums up the critic consensus as focused on the visuals and familiar gameplay design, but the gameplay design itself is only glancingly discussed; you talk about the combat, and the world design and open-world activities, but the 'familiar game design' mentions (i.e. that it hewed closely to RPG tropes) isn't actually materially discussed in aggregate.
- I think the problem is that its gameplay is a mix of everything. Its gameplay design has clear inspirations from Far Cry, Mass Effect, The Witcher 3, Uncharted, Tomb Raider and Zelda (see this GQ review), so I am not sure if comparing them in details is a good way to appraoch this. OceanHok (talk) 18:02, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
Overall I think the article is well-researched and a good start, but the prose is a major stumbling block for me and I think I have to oppose on those grounds at present. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 16:55, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- @David Fuchs I have attempted to address everything. Let me know if you notice something I missed or that needs further work. Thanks for the feedback! -- ZooBlazer 19:58, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- I have done a little bit more to the gameplay section to make it more layman, and a little bit more on development to make them sound less peacocky. OceanHok (talk) 18:02, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi David, have you had a chance to take a look at the changes and see if your oppose still stands? FrB.TG (talk) 18:46, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hey, sorry for the delay, I'm still rereading through the article and hope to get through it tomorrow. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 00:46, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi David, have you had a chance to take a look at the changes and see if your oppose still stands? FrB.TG (talk) 18:46, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
Further comments: <snipped> --Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 17:09, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- Addressed the part that I am familiar with. OceanHok (talk) 18:19, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
- @David Fuchs I think everything is addressed now. Thanks for your thorough review! -- ZooBlazer 04:59, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- Think it's in a good enough position to support now. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 16:14, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- @David Fuchs I think everything is addressed now. Thanks for your thorough review! -- ZooBlazer 04:59, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
Vacant0
This is a huge article so I (probably) won't be able to complete it in a single day. Nevertheless, I'll leave comments during this week. Vacant0 (talk • contribs) 13:35, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Vacant0 For your latest comments, I just removed the part about The Frozen Wilds since it has its own article now and that info fits there. As for the scholarly analysis, the info I found mostly fit better on articles like Aloy and the Machines. -- ZooBlazer 18:15, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- No issues within the lede and the gameplay section.
- "and ombat was divided into three stages: "prepare", "engage" and "escape"" is ombat a typo here?
- I've read until the Technology subsection and found no errors. I'll continue tomorrow.
- "Major quest lines were inspired by biblical epics like Ben-Hur (1959) and The Ten Commandments (1956), while the game's expansion, The Frozen Wilds, took inspiration from the film 2010 (1984)." add the year for The Frozen Wilds for consistency.
- Is there any valuable scholarly analysis about the game?
Aquilegia
Aquilegia, known commonly as columbines (and, especially in UK gardening circles, as granny's bonnets), is a large genus encompassing an ever-increasing number of species that have made it to all inhabited corners of the world one way or another. Coming in many colors, shapes, and dispositions, they are a frequent feature in gardens (mine included!). Outside horticulture, there is a long history of human interaction with columbines, including medicinal, religious, and scientific uses. ~ Pbritti (talk) 19:09, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
Image review
- Some images are missing alt text
- Done.
- File:Tribe_Thalictroideae_Floral_whorls.jpg: what is the source of the data presented in this diagram? Nikkimaria (talk) 05:16, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Excellent question–there wasn't a source cited when the diagram was created in 2014, but I have compared it against other diagrams in scientific literature and believe that it is accurate. I am loath to remove it, but understand if "trust me, bro" is insufficient here. ~ Pbritti (talk) 17:27, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Could some of these other diagrams be added to the image description page? Nikkimaria (talk) 00:11, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- This is actually one of my pet peeves about FAC. We require HQRS for text, but there doesn't seem to be any need to back up images with sources. RoySmith (talk) 00:41, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- I'll pull up whatever I can on floral diagrams and link them there. It'll take a bit, but I'll yank the diagram by the end of the day tomorrow if I fail to locate satisfactory sources. Best, ~ Pbritti (talk) 01:07, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- I was unable to find a source that sufficiently sources the depictions of Paraquileiga and Semiaquilegia in the illustration on the Commons (the diagram is accurate, but nothing is perfectly aligned with it). I have thus removed it. There is this floral whorl of A. vulgaris, but I think it is less useful without the other Thalictroideae present for comparison. ~ Pbritti (talk) 17:07, 26 February 2026 (UTC)
- I'll pull up whatever I can on floral diagrams and link them there. It'll take a bit, but I'll yank the diagram by the end of the day tomorrow if I fail to locate satisfactory sources. Best, ~ Pbritti (talk) 01:07, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- This is actually one of my pet peeves about FAC. We require HQRS for text, but there doesn't seem to be any need to back up images with sources. RoySmith (talk) 00:41, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- Could some of these other diagrams be added to the image description page? Nikkimaria (talk) 00:11, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- Excellent question–there wasn't a source cited when the diagram was created in 2014, but I have compared it against other diagrams in scientific literature and believe that it is accurate. I am loath to remove it, but understand if "trust me, bro" is insufficient here. ~ Pbritti (talk) 17:27, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Roy, what's the status of this review? Thanks. Gog the Mild (talk) 12:35, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- For my part, I'm good. The one specific issue I had was resolved by removing the image. I'll leave it to @Nikkimaria to speak for the rest of the images. I will note that the infobox image is still missing the ALT text, but it's unclear from the ongoing WT:FAC debate if that's an enforceable issue or not. RoySmith (talk) 12:44, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Ditto. Nikkimaria (talk) 00:04, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- For my part, I'm good. The one specific issue I had was resolved by removing the image. I'll leave it to @Nikkimaria to speak for the rest of the images. I will note that the infobox image is still missing the ALT text, but it's unclear from the ongoing WT:FAC debate if that's an enforceable issue or not. RoySmith (talk) 12:44, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Roy, what's the status of this review? Thanks. Gog the Mild (talk) 12:35, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
RoySmith
- "The genus includes between 80 and 400 taxa". The body says "between 70 and over 400"
- Horrible typo. Fixed.
- "The most common English-language name, columbine, likely originates ..." That sounds like an opinion which should be attributed.
- Do you mean the portion saying that it is the most common English name or that it likely originates from a particular etymology?
- The latter. Somebody is speculating on why the name is used.
- I've rewritten that sentence with an additional source
- The latter. Somebody is speculating on why the name is used.
- Do you mean the portion saying that it is the most common English name or that it likely originates from a particular etymology?
- "The compound leaves of Aquilegia are generally ternate (each leaf dividing in three leaflets), biternate (each leaf dividing into three components that in turn each bear three leaflets, for a total of nine leaflets), or triternate (each leaf divides into three components three times, for a total of 27 leaflets)." I love that you explain these terms, but this sentence is a mouthful. Either shorten the discriptions or break this up into multiple sentences.
- It took me about two weeks to formally understand what the heck this all means. I have split it into two sentences; a visual explanation of this can be found here.
- "all columbine flowers emerge from buds that are initially nodding." epxplain "nodding"
- Glossed and added a Wiktionary link.
- "Some columbines, such as A. ecalcarata, are naturally spurless." what does "naturally" mean in this context?
- "Naturally" is the term used to contrast against artificial occurrences caused by humans. It's the term used by literature and seems to be fairly broadly understood, but if you recommend a gloss, I'll see if I can find a phrasing that works.
- The confusion arises in combination with the next sentence which describes another way spurless plants occur placing it in opposition ("can also be found") to "naturally", which makes me think artificially, but it's actually just another example of natural spurlessness. Maybe something along the lines of "Some columbine species are alway spurless; others typically have spurs but have a recessive trait which can lead to spurless individuals or populations"?
- "Naturally" is the term used to contrast against artificial occurrences caused by humans. It's the term used by literature and seems to be fairly broadly understood, but if you recommend a gloss, I'll see if I can find a phrasing that works.
- "The total number of stamen varies between species." stamina (plural)
- Done.
- "Individual plants have been recorded with other anomalous chromosome numbers, ranging up to 2n=32." I'm familiar with the basic concepts of genomics, so I get the 2n=14 part, but I'm having trouble understanding how you get to 2n=32. So, I asked my wife who is a molecular biologist and botanist who couldn't figure it out either. So this deserves more of an explanation.
- This means 16 pairs of chromosomes, which is absolutely abnormal for this genus. Individuals with inflated chromosome totals can contribute to the evolution of derived traits. I've added parenthetical glosses. Very cool to have someone with an expert in the home–I'm a history major, so this was all new to me when I started out in this subject area.
- My understanding of plant genetics is that it's common to have variants with the same basic chromosomes but differing numbers of each. So one variant might be 2n=14 (2 copies of each of 7 different chromosomes) and another might be 4n=28 (4 copies of each of those same 7 chromosomes). But going from 2n=14 to 2n=32 means going from 2 copies of 7 chromosomes to 2 copies of 16 chromosomes, which I don't understand. Hopefully somebody who is better versed in plant genetics will come along and review this.
- If you'd like, I can send you photos of the relevant pages from Nardi 2015, including the table "Chromosome numbers appearing anomalous, found in individuals ascribed to several species of Aquilegia, with different degrees of reliability". It cites this study, which recorded an A. canadensis individual (probably a horticultural variety) with 2n=32. This type of variance is not unheard of in plants.
- This is an anomalous result - the study cites 4 other works that report 2n=14 for that species. It's not impossible that a cultivated form is tetraploid (2n=28) and that meiotic irregularities have resulted in duplication or break up of some chromosomes, but I'd suspect a misidentified plant - the work was performed on a seedling grown from externally sourced seed. However Thalictroideae seems to be consistently (Thalictrum, Aquilegia, Semiaquilegia, Isopyrum) n=7, so there's no obvious candidate error. I'd suggest removing it, or making it a footnote. Lavateraguy (talk) 13:39, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- If you'd like, I can send you photos of the relevant pages from Nardi 2015, including the table "Chromosome numbers appearing anomalous, found in individuals ascribed to several species of Aquilegia, with different degrees of reliability". It cites this study, which recorded an A. canadensis individual (probably a horticultural variety) with 2n=32. This type of variance is not unheard of in plants.
- My understanding of plant genetics is that it's common to have variants with the same basic chromosomes but differing numbers of each. So one variant might be 2n=14 (2 copies of each of 7 different chromosomes) and another might be 4n=28 (4 copies of each of those same 7 chromosomes). But going from 2n=14 to 2n=32 means going from 2 copies of 7 chromosomes to 2 copies of 16 chromosomes, which I don't understand. Hopefully somebody who is better versed in plant genetics will come along and review this.
- @Lavateraguy forgive what may be a stupid question, but I thought tetraploid was 4n=28? Am I just not understanding how the notation works? RoySmith (talk) 16:03, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- A meiotically regular tetraploid acts functionally as a diploid, in that the during meiosis the genome is divided into two homologous halves, and so is also written as 2n, i.e. 2n=28 in this instance. When you want to represent the genome duplication you use x rather than n, i.e. 4x=28, or with belt and braces 2n=4x=28. Lavateraguy (talk) 18:09, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- You can get things like 2n=4x=30, where the species is an allopolyploid, and one parent species was 2n=14 and the other 2n=16. Lavateraguy (talk) 18:16, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- OK, thanks. I'm going to file this under "The universe is under no obligation to make sense to you" :-) RoySmith (talk) 19:17, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- I've removed 2n=32. I'm willing to believe that this is a peculiar plant with a bizarre pack of chromosomes–I've observed variability among cultivated columbines that would make Dr. Frankenstein pull back and ask if man should stop playing god–but also recognize that it's unlikely to substantially contribute to the encyclopedic understanding of the genus. Best, ~ Pbritti (talk) 18:07, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
- I have a copy of the 2nd edn. (1981) of Verne Grant's "Plant Speciation", so I checked what he says about polyploidy in Aquilegia there. The only mention is a statement that polypoidy is common in Thalictrum and rare in Aquilegia, cited to Plant Species and Evolution (Stebbins, 1950). On skimming it appears that Grant's work on Aquilegia related to introgressive hybridisation and species barriers, rather than polyploidy. The references do mention a couple of papers on Aquilegia, but most of his research was on 'Gilia.
- Having this as weak confirmation of the existence of polyploid Aquilegia I performed more searchs and found this, and also another mention of a hypertetraploid Aquilegia. Asking Google AI only produced hallucinations.
- See also this Lavateraguy (talk) 14:38, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- Nardi seems somewhat dismissive of the earliest chromosome studies on Aquilegia (though that may be a fault of the translation, as it's a bilingual text where the translator was someone else). I'm inclined to leave the text in its present state unless you have a recommended alteration. Thanks for checking in on all that, and I envy your ownership of that Grant book! Best, ~ Pbritti (talk) 15:22, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- I've removed 2n=32. I'm willing to believe that this is a peculiar plant with a bizarre pack of chromosomes–I've observed variability among cultivated columbines that would make Dr. Frankenstein pull back and ask if man should stop playing god–but also recognize that it's unlikely to substantially contribute to the encyclopedic understanding of the genus. Best, ~ Pbritti (talk) 18:07, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
- OK, thanks. I'm going to file this under "The universe is under no obligation to make sense to you" :-) RoySmith (talk) 19:17, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- You can get things like 2n=4x=30, where the species is an allopolyploid, and one parent species was 2n=14 and the other 2n=16. Lavateraguy (talk) 18:16, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- A meiotically regular tetraploid acts functionally as a diploid, in that the during meiosis the genome is divided into two homologous halves, and so is also written as 2n, i.e. 2n=28 in this instance. When you want to represent the genome duplication you use x rather than n, i.e. 4x=28, or with belt and braces 2n=4x=28. Lavateraguy (talk) 18:09, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- This means 16 pairs of chromosomes, which is absolutely abnormal for this genus. Individuals with inflated chromosome totals can contribute to the evolution of derived traits. I've added parenthetical glosses. Very cool to have someone with an expert in the home–I'm a history major, so this was all new to me when I started out in this subject area.
- "Ingestion of 20 g (0.71 oz) of fresh A. vulgaris leaves by a human was observed as causing" how about "was observed to cause ..."?
- How about it. Done.
- "Mature seeds and roots contain toxins that, if consumed, are perilous to human heart health.[25]" the source also mentions some therapeutic uses (treating ulcers, hair lice) which should be mentioned somewhere. Claude gives some additional suggestions of possible uses that you might want to chase down.
- Putting a pin in this, but I'll definitely make some additions. Thanks for the search!
- "Aquilegia flowers are traditionally divided into three pollination syndromes:" Is "pollination syndrome" the phrase used in the literature? "Syndrome" seems like an odd choice of word to me.
- Weirdly enough, yes. Aquilegia is often used as an example taxa for this. Another term for the same thing is floral syndrome (yep, that's a brand new paper that I'll have to check for any useful content).
- Link clade when it's first used (not later on).
- Linked on first mention and once far further down in the article for navigational reasons.
- You have last common ancestor linked in two different places.
- Done.
- "Among Asian and European columbines, differences in floral morphology and pollinators are lower between species than between North American species." Elsewhere you say they on all continents except Antarctica. So how do the African and South American varieties fit into this?
- Populations in South America and Oceana are exclusively introduced populations (typically naturalized A. vulgaris). As best I can tell, the African Aquilegia are treated as part of the European family due to being populations that jumped the Strait of Gibraltar and didn't make it terribly far.
That's it from me, at least for a first pass. Overall, very nice. RoySmith (talk) 16:18, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for the thorough review! I'll have to spend some more time with the new sources but I think I responded to everything. Looking forward to any other changes you suggest. Best, ~ Pbritti (talk) 18:01, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Lead
- Christian religious religious concepts.
- Duplicate word.
- Done.
- Duplicate word.
- "Aquilegia typically possess" → "Aquilegia typically possesses"
- Subject-verb agreement
- Done a different way to avoid a grammatical construction that recently elicited disagreement elsewhere.
- Subject-verb agreement
- Etymology
- "presently applied" → "now applied"
- A suggestion.
- One well-taken.
- A suggestion.
- "with regards to"→ "with regard to"
- More common in American English?
- Common, but apparently incorrect with regard to all Engvars.
- More common in American English?
MSincccc (talk) 17:03, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- Description
- "Ternate leave each divid into three" → "Ternate leaves each divide into three"
- Done.
- "triternate leave divide" → "triternate leaves divide"
- Done.
- "project towards the front" → "projects towards the front"
- Done.
- "that in turn each bear three leaflets" → "that each in turn bear three leaflets"
- Should it be dehiscenced (as in the text) or dehisced?
- I've seen it both ways. Deferring to the former because that seems slightly more common in botany, while the latter seems more common in surgical contexts.
- How about using "stamens" in the sentence The total number of stamen varies ?
- I was under the mistaken impression that "stamen" was both singular and plural. I've gone with "stamina", which is the plural form that RoySmith corrected me with earlier.
MSincccc (talk) 04:35, 26 February 2026 (UTC)
- Ecology
- "each of which are attracted"
→ "each of which is attracted"
- Done.
- "there are not Eurasian columbines" → "there are no Eurasian columbines"
- Done.
- pupating in small puparium on the leaves' undersides
- You could replace "puparium" with the plural "puparia".
- I've learned more about plurals for this article than any person should have to.
- You could replace "puparium" with the plural "puparia".
MSincccc (talk) 04:43, 26 February 2026 (UTC)
- Taxonomy
- "Aquilegia are the second largest genus" → "Aquilegia is the second largest genus"
- "Genus" is singular.
- Done.
- "Genus" is singular.
- Cultivation
- "ranges which span the Northern Hemisphere in Eurasia and North America" → "ranges spanning the Northern Hemisphere in Eurasian and North America"
- Smoother version? I leave it to you.
- Done. For a few years now, I've tried more intentionally incorporating active voice into my writing. It doesn't always pan out.
- Smoother version? I leave it to you.
- estimated as 10 to 15 individuals populated an area
- How about using "occupying" in place of "populated"?
- Yes, how about it. Done.
- How about using "occupying" in place of "populated"?
MSincccc (talk) 13:25, 26 February 2026 (UTC)
- Human uses
- "columbines plants medicinal herbs" → "columbine plants medicinal herbs"
- Done.
- Prior to deaths due to overdoses,
- How about "Before deaths from overdoses were reported"?
- That's more precise. Done.
- How about "Before deaths from overdoses were reported"?
- "The five species groups that Grant proposed in 1952 remains" → "The five species groups that Grant proposed in 1952 remain"
- Subject-verb agreement.
- Further adjusted that sentence, so I'd ask you just reread it.
- Subject-verb agreement.
- I also have a great deal to learn, both on and off Wikipedia, so please do not feel alone in having “learned more about plurals for this article than anyone should have to”. I deal with it at school every day. Thank you for cooperating. MSincccc (talk) 14:40, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you for reviewing! I was mostly joking about the plural stuff–I know it probably doesn't seem it from this article's errors, but I actually do proofing as a side gig (botanical terms are mercifully uncommon, though). I'm always glad to learn while editing. That's actually why I started working on articles on flowers: I wanted to grow a garden, and now I'm growing several somewhat rarer species of columbine that I spent much of yesterday repotting! Let me know if you catch any more issues, and perhaps check over my other small modifications to the article since you began your review! If you have any FAC/PR/GA open and needing a review, please let me know! Best, ~ Pbritti (talk) 17:26, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
Lavateraguy (talk)
Taxonomy.
- Many of the citations are to a print source, so I am unable to check them. I've removed IPNI as a source for a species count, as that is clearly inappropriate (is the cited work wrong, or misinterpreted?), and I have skepticism about the use of Tropicos for that purpose as well.
- With the removal of IPNI a source is needed for an upper limit of 400 species.
- Still Nardi 33, with the following quote: "To summarise, it is legitimate to think of the BTU (basic taxonomic units, i.e. species/subspecies) within Aquilegia ranges between 80 and 400..." I have included the lower bound of 70 because that appears fairly consistently in genetic studies of the genus (this described "about 60-70 species", but I think that it's a lower-quality source and it certainly doesn't include infraspecific taxa).
- I had interpreted the original wording of taxa as meaning species. You've now removed the scope for that interpretation by explicitly mentioning subspecies. Looking at IPNI, there's not that number of described subspecies, but a lot of varieties, etc. Nardi may be expressing an opinion on the appropriate rank for infraspecific taxa. Lavateraguy (talk) 12:01, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- IPNI has 339 species level records for Aquilegia, but these include hybrids, species now placed in other genera (e.g. Semiaquilegia adoxoides), duplicate records, and invalidly published names.
- Tropicos has 265 species level records for Aquilegia with the similar (I don't that there are any duplicate records) caveats. 20+ are marked as invalid or illegitimate. No distinction is made between accepted species and synonyms.
- Still Nardi 33, with the following quote: "To summarise, it is legitimate to think of the BTU (basic taxonomic units, i.e. species/subspecies) within Aquilegia ranges between 80 and 400..." I have included the lower bound of 70 because that appears fairly consistently in genetic studies of the genus (this described "about 60-70 species", but I think that it's a lower-quality source and it certainly doesn't include infraspecific taxa).
- Ref. 41 (US Forest Service) is currently blocking requests; you can add an archive.org link.
- This one? I think the site underwent maintenance recently. Archived version added.
Formatting
- The effect of using the rp template with multiple citations is unfortunate. I don't know how to address this.
- It's a valid citation format, but I get the concern. I inherited a variety of citation styles when I started working on Aquilegia pages and have tried to standardize on whatever format was least disruptive for a given page. I don't plan on modifying the page to my preferred
{{harvnb}}format during this FAC, but I have come to prefer not having to rely on{{rp}}for page numbers.
- It's a valid citation format, but I get the concern. I inherited a variety of citation styles when I started working on Aquilegia pages and have tried to standardize on whatever format was least disruptive for a given page. I don't plan on modifying the page to my preferred
Comments on sourcing
Wonder what makes https://www.southernliving.com/columbine-plants-7570572 a reliable source for keeping a particular plant; are there experts on plantkeeping there? Didn't notice anything particular. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:34, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Since sourcing this article with a piece by her, I've actually gone to a local gardening event where I heard Peggy Riccio speak. She's got the relevant credentials to comment on gardening topics, as a graduate of a formal master gardening program, an active leader within several major gardening societies, and a regular contributor to several gardening periodicals. See some more on her credentials here and here. The piece went through an editorial process and was written by a subject-matter expert (in this case, a gardening expert). I wouldn't cite her for anything about columbine evolution, genetics, or conservation, as those are not in her wheelhouse, but she's an expert on this like floral characteristics and behavior. Best, ~ Pbritti (talk) 22:09, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Looking at the two sentences the Southern Living article is used for, as well as the intervening one cited to The Spruce, my impression is that both of these sources probably squeak by on WP:RS, but we're looking for WP:HQRS which require "the best available for this particular subject". For an article about a botanical species, that means something better than general-audience magazines. Surely all the facts stated in
can be found in peer-reviewed journals or other academic publications, so those are the sources we should use for these statements. RoySmith (talk) 12:42, 23 March 2026 (UTC)Following a dormant period in the winter, columbines will grow foliage and have a brief flowering period.[13] Some columbines bloom the first year after sowing, others will bloom in their second.[14] Later, seed heads will emerge and split, sowing new seed. The foliage lives through the summer before wilting and dying going into the fall.[13]
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus and RoySmith: I've added supplemental or alternative citations, but it's surprisingly uncommon to find a journal article or genus-wide survey discussing their overwintering behavior. I felt that the more detailed discussions of propagation later in the article would benefit from slight amplifications, which I added in the same edit. Best, ~ Pbritti (talk) 17:26, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Jo-Jo, is this a pass? Cheers. Gog the Mild (talk) 12:38, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yes. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 15:42, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Jo-Jo, is this a pass? Cheers. Gog the Mild (talk) 12:38, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus and RoySmith: I've added supplemental or alternative citations, but it's surprisingly uncommon to find a journal article or genus-wide survey discussing their overwintering behavior. I felt that the more detailed discussions of propagation later in the article would benefit from slight amplifications, which I added in the same edit. Best, ~ Pbritti (talk) 17:26, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Looking at the two sentences the Southern Living article is used for, as well as the intervening one cited to The Spruce, my impression is that both of these sources probably squeak by on WP:RS, but we're looking for WP:HQRS which require "the best available for this particular subject". For an article about a botanical species, that means something better than general-audience magazines. Surely all the facts stated in
Support Comments from Noleander
- I am coming to this nomination from Wikipedia:Featured_article_candidates/FAC_urgents, where it is listed.
- First: thank-you for working on an article about a genus ... I realize that articles on a single species are a lot easier to write and source. So, on behalf of all WP users, thanks for tackling an article about an important group of species.
- The images look relevant and have good captions.
- Traditional medicinal uses: The article must be very clear when discussing traditional/folk uses: Many uses were valid, and have been corroborated by science; and many uses are not effective. The article does a good job of distinguishing the two. One sentence that could be clearer: " It was also known to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, one of the bacteria responsible for staphylococcal infections." ... here the phrase "was also known" is fuzzy: Can the wording be improved to tell the reader if modern scientists confirmed (or did not confirm) that it was effective?
- I've tried to address said fuzziness. Let me know if there's still an issue outstanding there.
- Caption clarity: "Detail of the painting The Garden of Earthly Delights containing a columbine flower A. vulgaris serves as a symbol of bodily pleasures within Hieronymus Bosch's The Garden of Earthly Delights (detail pictured)." I think that pic has 2 or three kinds of flowers: if so, best to specify which flower (e.g. "upper right" or "lower center" etc).
- I regret not taking my art history class as seriously—maybe I'd know how to better describe the location of an object in a painting! I've rewritten to caption to better describe what the reader should be looking for.
- "Show ref check" tool says that the "location" (city) field is not used consistently for book citations: "Inconsistent use of Publisher Location (16 with; 8 without)". Consider either removing "location" from 16 books; or adding to the 8 other books.
- I'm not sure about where that total of eight without was coming from, but I added locations to the five that lacked them (the OED citation does not allow me to insert a location, so I suppose that's one that'll stand out as non-standard).
- Clarify wording: "Some columbines, including both rare and common taxa, are subject to governmental regulations." - I'm guessing that means government laws that protect the species by prohibiting destruction? Consider adding a couple of words to be more specific.
- Government regulations related to conservation of columbines are extremely varied (some protecting the land they're on, some protecting individual plants from collection, and some placing them in classes of plants that prevent their legal export). Since no source does a very good job of summarizing these protections, I've adjusted the phrasing a bit to indicate that the plants aren't regulated for the sake of barring an A. vulgaris plant's possession of alcohol.
- Map of range of the genus? It would be great if readers could see a map of the globe showing the full range. But I realize such a map may not exist, and creating one would be very difficult. Has nominator searched for such a map?
- Such maps exist, but not on the Commons. Those that do exist are not good enough to use for this article: most only depict the ranges of one to five species, often without much certainty as to the margins of where native ranges end. Others, like those from POWO, are extremely broad, coloring in entire countries or sub-national regions based on only a few reports. In the absence of a recent academic survey that captured the full genus, I think we'll need to wait on a map.
- Wording/grammar: "Asian traditional medicine practitioners, Indigenous North Americans, and medieval Europeans have considered columbine plants medicinal herbs." The final portion "columbine plants medicinal herbs." is putting two noun phrases right next to each other. I know what it is trying to say, but consider something like ... have considered columbine plants as medicinal herbs." or ... have considered columbine plants to be medicinal herbs." or ... have used columbine plants for medicinal purposes." etc.
- Good catch, thanks.
- Clarify wording: "..Aquilegia has been considered a model system." Here "model" could mean either perfect/ideal; or template/exemplar. I'm guessing it is the latter, but consider adding a word or two to help readers.
- The source doesn't offer a lot as to how this could be rephrased (the genus is used for the study of those subjects and other sources are used elsewhere to explain how Aquilegia serves as a teaching aid). I've done my best to modify that sentence per your comment.
- That's all I have. Let me know when you've considered the above. Great article!! Noleander (talk) 16:57, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Support on prose and MOS. I have not done an image review or source review. Noleander (talk) 21:34, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments by Dudley
- "Leaves can grow in both basal (from the base of the plant)". I am not clear what this means and the link is not helpful as it just says the same as this article. Literally from the base implies from the bottom of the rootstock. What is the distinction between from the rootstock and from the base?
- "Depending on the species, spurs can have a hooked, horn-like appearance, with straight to coiled spurs also present in the genus.[" After "Depending on the species" I would expect two alternatives. Maybe "Some species"
- "Ranunculaceae genus where every species has its in stamens". Is "has its in" a typo or does it have a meaning I do not understand?
- "It is possible that B chromosomes impact the phenotype and the fertility of the individual plants that possess them." This is vague. Negatively or positively or both?
- "hydroethanolic". This word requires a link or explanation.
- "Despite its toxicity and in the absence of incentives". What is meant by "absence of incentives"? This needs clarification?
- "Following the evolution of the genus," This applies to all comments on (natural) variation and is superfluous here.
- "Pollination by hummingbirds is more typical to red-flowered North American Aquilegia". "typical to" is clumsy. Maybe "typical for"?
- More to follow. Done to Pollination. Dudley Miles (talk) 10:11, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Dudley Miles: I've tried amending each location you identified concerns with. Please let me know if you believe those are good fixes. Thanks for your comments! Best, ~ Pbritti (talk) 18:05, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Dudley Miles: Apologies for the repeated ping, but I wanted to let you know that I'm rather free for the next 96 hours and will be able to swiftly respond to any further comments during that window. However, after that, I will have reduced availability again until 3 May. Have an excellent rest of your weekend. Best, ~ Pbritti (talk) 22:03, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Dudley Miles: I've tried amending each location you identified concerns with. Please let me know if you believe those are good fixes. Thanks for your comments! Best, ~ Pbritti (talk) 18:05, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
- OK I will take another look, although I find it much more helpful to have a reply to each comment explaining how you have dealt with it than a single general reply.
- "hough a minority of botanists have considered it a member of the family Helleboraceae. The latter placement, first made by the French botanist Jean-Louis-Auguste Loiseleur-Deslongchamps in 1819, was premised on Helleboraceae fruiting almost universally occurring with a follicle.[2]: 29 [40] Another historic assignment, made by the Swedish botanist Nils Lilja [sv] in 1870, placed Aquilegia as the sole member of the family Aquilegiaceae". You should say whether these placements still have any support.
- They're only historic (modern gene-based taxonomy having become the scientific standard and only supporting the placement within the buttercup family). I've added "formerly" to indicate both Helleboraceae and Aquilegiaceae are only historic placements.
- The only element of Munz's circumscription which has been substantially contended". "contend" is the wrong word. It means argue. Maybe "disputed"
- I meant "contested". Good catch.
- Are any Aquilegia species known to have become extinct?
- There are a few that are only known from their original descriptions but there the sources that discuss them do not assume they are extinct—instead, it's more likely that they are just synonyms of other (sub)species. No source offers a definitive statement that "no species have gone extinct", but neither does any source identify one that has. I think we'll have to wait for another global survey of the genus to get that information.
- "ts medicinal use possibly attributable to the extract's good scavenging of superoxide anion radicals". Good seems an odd word here. Maybe delete.
- "good scavenging" is a technical term for extracts that quite literally means they're good at scavenging. It feels informal but it's the standard verbiage.
- "For several centuries, columbines were viewed as symbols of cuckoldry." When?
- "In Hamlet, an Elizabethan drama by William Shakespeare, the character Ophelia presents King Claudius with flowers that include columbines". This is unnecessarily wordy. Maybe "In Shakespeare's Hamlet, Ophelia presents King Claudius with flowers that include columbines."
- While it's widely read, I think Hamlet needs to be glossed in an article about a globe-spanning genus. I have modified it to be a bit tighter while adding a bit more info from one of the aforementioned links.
- I would delete the Britannica external link. The brief and dated article is not helpful. Dudley Miles (talk) 11:56, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- Done.
Comments by Aterbiou
Just some comments, will not do an actual review.
- Lead says "in cultivation by the 2nd century AD in Roman Britain", but body says "cultivated for ornamental purposes in 3rd-century AD Roman Britain". Presumably the latter is the correct one?
- Two sources are repeated twice in the references: Ballerini et al. and Fior et al.
And various English comments:
- "differ in lengths" -> "differ in length"?
- "a name used now applied to another genus" -> "a name now applied to another genus"?
- "Ternate leave each divide" -> "Ternate leaves each divide"
- "The perianth ... generally comprise" -> "generally comprises"?
- "where every species has its in stamens in a whorled arrangement and have syncarpy (fused carpels) in its gynoecium"; "has its stamens", "and has syncarpy", presumably.
- "major clades in the subfamiliy" -> "subfamily"
- "Fior et. al. 2013" -> "Fior et al. 2013"
- "a third pollinator that do not show favoritism" -> "does not"
- "are found in northern African" -> "northern Africa"
- "Veraeneana" -> "Vervaeneana"? Not sure, but it has more hits on Google.
- "several columbines species" -> "several columbine species"?
- "Hamlet, Elizabethan drama" -> "Hamlet, an Elizabethan drama"
- "The law also limits on how many buds" -> "The law also limits how many buds"?
- "destroy the moths’ seeds". Is it really "seeds", not "eggs" or something else?
Aterbiou (talk) 20:07, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
Brighton War Memorial
- Nominator(s): Harry Mitchell (talk) 17:55, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
This article is about ... a war memorial. In Brighton, England. Does what it says on the tin! I was filling in some of the red links on list of public art in Brighton and Hove and was pleased that this one had potential where some others didn't, especially since most of the sources were already on my bookshelf from previous projects, especially the neighbouring Hove War Memorial, which passed FAC in 2023. It's not a long article but I think it's comprehensive and I'd welcome any feedback! HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 17:53, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
Images are appropriately licensed. Nikkimaria (talk) 05:13, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
MSincccc
- Lead
- You could add the "Use British English" template to the mainspace.
- Done.
- You could link to water garden and Indian Army during World War I.
- Water garden is a good call. I don't think there's anywhere suitable for the other one without shoehorning it in and creating and Easter egg, which suggests it's not directly relevant enough.
- and unveiled in 1922.
The memorial was unveiled on 7 October 1922
- Slightly repetitive since both are mentioned in the lead?
- Done.
- Slightly repetitive since both are mentioned in the lead?
- Brighton War Memorial is a First World War memorial in Brighton,
- You could rephrase the sentence to avoid mentioning "Brighton" twice in close proximity.
- I wrestled with this, as you can see from my nomination statement, but I think it's vital to define "Brighton" and "war memorial" straight away and there isn't a way of doing that without introducing a little bit of repetition.
- You could rephrase the sentence to avoid mentioning "Brighton" twice in close proximity.
MSincccc (talk) 17:40, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
- @MSincccc thanks very much for having a look! If you have the time or interest to review the rest of the article, I'd welcome your comments but I won't be offended if you don't. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 22:10, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
- Background
- You could link "casualties" to World War I casualties.
- was set up in the town hall
- Inception
- You could link to the Armistice of 11 November 1918.
- In 1920,
- You could omit the frontal comma since the article is in British English; I leave it to you.
- Simpson's plans were displayed in Brighton Art Gallery in 1921 for public feedback, which was favourable, especially given the architect's local connections.
- You could make this sentence briefer ("...to favourable public response...).
- You could also link to the article on List of British architects, if possible.
- Simpson was an established national architect who specialised in public buildings but he was born in...
- Add a comma before "but"?
MSincccc (talk) 05:13, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Design
- You could either link collonade or simplify it to "row of columns" for unfamiliar readers.
- You could move up the link to "Old Stein" on first mention in the body, i.e., in the previous section ("A collecting box was placed on the chosen site on the Old Steine...").
- or they, they worked in
- The word "they" has been duplicated.
MSincccc (talk) 08:09, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- History
- You could link to Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy).
- The ceremony was presided over by the mayor and attended by the full borough council in their robes of office.
- 12:30pm → 12:30 pm
- 3pm → 3 pm
- then a lunch in the Dome for paying participants and invited guests, then finally the assembly proceeded to the war memorial.
- You could avoid the repetition of "then". How about "followed by a lunch in the Dome for paying participants and invited guests, before the assembly proceeded..."?
MSincccc (talk) 09:25, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Hi again MSincccc, and thanks for your feedback! I think I've fixed everything you suggest with a few exceptions: casualties would be an Easter egg; town hall, conversely, is not an Easter egg because the link is on the town hall which makes clear that we're discussing a particular town hall; I'm not sure where a link to List of British architects would be intuitive or useful; and the comma before "but" would interrupt the sentence flow. I actually went with both the link and the gloss on "colonnade"! HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 17:12, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Bottom line
- The frontal comma could have been omitted, but it eventually comes down to individual preference. I remember an article at FAC which linked to a "list of architects", but that again is optional. There is nothing more for me to comment on.
- So, in short:
- A fine article, and hence I will support the nomination. MSincccc (talk) 17:37, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- I remember being taught in school that sentences like that always need a comma and it's one of those things that stuck with me. I know some people hate those sorts of commas! HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 18:15, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
Support by Nick-D
It's always great to see these articles on war memorials at FAC. I'd like to offer the following comments:
- "A subcommittee of the borough council directly approached Simpson, a national architect with local roots, to design a memorial." - I'd suggest adding the date here
- Annoyingly, I can't find a date in the sources.
- "Brighton came to be particularly associated with Indian soldiers" - this seems a bit passive and imprecise - presumably this was due to a decision to establish hospitals/facilities for them? Some holiday towns in the UK were the home to multiple Australian medical and accommodation facilities in the world wars, for instance, due to decisions to centralise them.
- I believe the idea was that regiments/units would be kept somewhat together, at least in the early days. I'm not sure it was intentional at first (Brighton is on the south coast and has railway connections, so as good a place as any) but the Indian soldiers in Brighton became famous (which is more relevant to my my next project).
- My understanding is that there was a policy to centralise most hospitals and other administrative functions for the various national/imperial contingents in different parts of the UK, though I'm not sure when it started. By the time the Australians arrived in France and the UK in 1916 it was in force. Nick-D (talk) 00:29, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- Things were definitely not that organised in the beginning. Brighton was chosen because it was easy, and the British government was trying to quell a brewing rebellion in India by sending Indian troops to France (whose wounded were then evacuated to the UK and, almost by fluke, Brighton) but it became a famous moment in the history of the town and especially the pavilion. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 20:45, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- Fair enough - I'm a bit clueless about the Western Front prior to the arrival of the AIF in mid-1916. From doing some poking around, the AIF established networks of hospitals and rehabilitation facilities at Perham Down (for relatively lightly wounded men) and Weymouth (for those needing 6 months or more of treatment). Nick-D (talk) 23:54, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- Things were definitely not that organised in the beginning. Brighton was chosen because it was easy, and the British government was trying to quell a brewing rebellion in India by sending Indian troops to France (whose wounded were then evacuated to the UK and, almost by fluke, Brighton) but it became a famous moment in the history of the town and especially the pavilion. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 20:45, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- My understanding is that there was a policy to centralise most hospitals and other administrative functions for the various national/imperial contingents in different parts of the UK, though I'm not sure when it started. By the time the Australians arrived in France and the UK in 1916 it was in force. Nick-D (talk) 00:29, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- I believe the idea was that regiments/units would be kept somewhat together, at least in the early days. I'm not sure it was intentional at first (Brighton is on the south coast and has railway connections, so as good a place as any) but the Indian soldiers in Brighton became famous (which is more relevant to my my next project).
- The final para of the background section needs to note that many (most?) of the men from Brighton who served in the military would have been conscripts - at present it's focused only on volunteers.
- Good point. Let me see if I can find something to add.
- Is there a figure for the total number of men from the Brighton area who served in the military rather than that from November 1915?
- Tricky. I think that's the pre-conscription number, which itself is complicated because recruiting offices didn't follow local government boundaries.
- "Simpson was an established national architect who specialised in public buildings but he was born in Brighton..." - the 'but' seems unnecessary (it was presumably one of the reasons he was approached?), and this sentence would benefit from being split.
- Done.
- "The subcommittee allocated Simpson a budget of £5,000, which it later reduced to £3,000" - do we know why it was reduced?
- The sources don't specify but reading between the lines I'd guess they were over-optimistic in their fundraising target.
- "It stands in Old Steine Gardens, on the Old Steine," - this is noted in the previous para, but without the links. I'd suggest moving this material up.
- MSincc also spotted this and I've rearranged it.
- File:Brighton WWI Memorial, May 2024 13.jpg is excellent, but titled to the left - I'd suggest using a photo editing tool to correct this
- I'm disappointed by the photos available on Commons. When the weather improves I'll try to get over to Brighton with a proper camera and take some better ones. I'm only using a tiny Chromebook but if you're any good at image editing, feel free. It could do with a crop as well.
- I've posted a cropped and rotated version at File:Brighton WWI Memorial, May 2024 13 - cropped and rotated.jpg. Please let me know what you think. Nick-D (talk) 23:38, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you very much for that! HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 21:53, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- I've posted a cropped and rotated version at File:Brighton WWI Memorial, May 2024 13 - cropped and rotated.jpg. Please let me know what you think. Nick-D (talk) 23:38, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- I'm disappointed by the photos available on Commons. When the weather improves I'll try to get over to Brighton with a proper camera and take some better ones. I'm only using a tiny Chromebook but if you're any good at image editing, feel free. It could do with a crop as well.
- The sentence starting with "The day's events began..." is over-complex and would benefit from being split into a couple of sentences
- Done.
- Has anything ever been done to update the list of names on the memorial or in the book held at the church? This is a common problem for these types of memorials.
- I can't find anything in the sources but I'll keep looking. As you say, it's very common for names to be missed and added later.
- Is there any commentary on the memorial from experts that could be noted? From looking at it on Google Street view, it seems a fairly modest type of memorial (but broadly similar to those in Australian cities of about the same size). Nick-D (talk) 03:55, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Alas not. As you can see from the bibliography, the article is mostly based on Brighton architecture literature. I scoured my shelf full of war memorial literature and didn't find much. Neither the design nor the architect seem to have been particularly influential in memorial circles, unlike Lutyens who was responsible for neighbouring Hove. Apologies for the delay, Nick, let me know if there's anything you're not happy with. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 21:53, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
Support. My comments have now been addressed. Nick-D (talk) 23:47, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
Support Comments from Noleander
- Source without year? Allen, W. G. "Simpson, Sir John William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. ... I realize that is an online encycl, but it is odd to see no date at all. Even if the online website does not specify a year of creation/update/publication, I still expect to see an access-date in the cite that displays the date that the nominator looked at the source: e.g. "Retrieved 27 December 2025" I understand that the article may be using a special "Oxford cite" template that rigidly formats the displayed text, beyond your control ... if that is the case, consider using Template:Cite website rather than the Oxford template, so readers (and reviewers) know which date the WP editor viewed the source.
- Looks like the template supports a date parameter so added.
- Wikilinks inconsistent in newspaper titles: "The Argus" source is linked in 2nd occurrence, but not first. I expect all or none to be linked.
- Now linked on first mention (only).
- Capitalization style for source titles: WP:CITEVAR as of Summer 2025 requires uniformity. Generally that means all titles Sentence case; or all Title case. (and ignore how the source capitalizes its own title). I'm seeing a mixture here:
- Sentence case: "Vandals deface Old Steine war memorial by attempting to remove Palestine"
- Title case "Brighton honours World War One VC hero Theodore Wright"
- As far as I can tell, only proper nouns are capitalised in those titles. If there are any inconsistencies, feel free to point them out or fix them. I'm not at all bothered about which format to use!
- Confusing chronology: Following the First World War (1914–1918) and its unprecedented casualties, thousands of memorials were built in towns and cities across Britain. Brighton was a popular seaside destination and remained so at the beginning of the war but within weeks, major buildings in the town were converted into makeshift military hospitals ... Starts off after the war; then immediately shifts back to before the war? Consider making readers happier with a forward timeline: Brighton was a popular seaside destination before the war and remained so at the beginning of the war but within weeks, major buildings in the town were converted into makeshift military hospitals ... Following the First World War (1914–1918) and its unprecedented casualties, thousands of memorials were built in towns and cities across Britain. ... or similar.
- Passive vs active: The memorial has been a Grade II listed building, a status which provides it legal protection, since August 1999.. Consider rephrasing without has/have e.g. The memorial was designated a Grade II listed building in August 1999, giving it certain legal protections. or similar.
- This was a bit sneaky of me but it was a deliberate choice: "was designated" begs the question "by whom", and the answer to that is an organisation with a name that keeps changing acting for a government department with a long name that changes every few years, none of which is relevant to this one structure (but is covered in detail in the linked article).
- Photos of public art: panorama issues? See https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Freedom_of_panorama I gather UK has no Panorama copyright issues (like France does)? Or if there are Panorama issues, has the copyright expired due to sufficient time passing?
- c:COM:FOP#United Kingdom: The UK has full freedom of panorama for works on permanent public display (even artistic works, and including indoors), though the architect died more than 70 years ago anyway so any copyright would have expired anyway.
- Readers may be curious: ... by the full borough council in their robes of office. I'm curious what the robes are. Is a wikilink available? I looked in Robe and that lists judges, peers, professors, etc, but I don't see local govmt officials. Not required for this article's FA, but maybe you could add a bullet point into Robe that defines these borough robes?
- Hmm. It's something that was probably more common historically but councillors and mayors have (or had) chains and robes of office, probably closest to peers or royalty on the list in that article but I'm surprised at how terrible that article is. A quick search found this article (about nearby Worthing) that might feed your curiosity.
- It doesn't look like any source authors have wikilinks? This is not required for FA ... but if any authors have a WP article, suggest using the "author-link" field in the cite.
- As far as I can tell, none of the authors have articles, though one of the books is part of a notable series, which I've added.
- Prose: except for the issues above, prose is FA quality
- MOS: Except for the issues above, MOS meets FA quality
- Images: Excellent images; free-to-use info provided in the three images I checked. I'm not a fan of the backlighting in File:Brighton WWI Memorial, May 2024 13 - cropped and rotated.jpg ... but if you're facing south, what can you do? :-)
- When the weather is better and they've finished digging up the road around it, I'll try and get on a train and get some better photos! Apparently I'm the only Wikipedian who has thought to photograph it from that side and that was a phone snap!
- That's all I have for now. Notify me when you've considered the above, and I'll make another pass. It is a fine article. Leaning support. Noleander (talk) 19:12, 26 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Noleander: thanks a lot for the review. I think I've addressed everything, but do let me know if I haven't. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 21:10, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Support. Nice little article ... reminds me of one of my favorite novels, Brighton Rock. Noleander (talk) 16:02, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
Support from Tim riley
Excellent. It seems ages since we had the pleasure of one of Harry's war memorial articles here and I have enjoyed this one as much as ever. Scratching around for something to carp about:
- in the Background section I think Noleander's suggested wording (above) would be an improvement.
- in the Inception section I doubt (but am open to correction, natch) that a century ago the "ie" in the quotation would have been printed without full stops.
- "Simpson was responsible for several schools in the area and later in his career worked on several memorials" – nothing wrong with judicious repetition, but this one looks more inadvertent than rhetorical.
- In the History section "Three were placed at Brighton War Memorial" seems to me to need a definite article before "Brighton", but I shan't press the point if you disagree.
Those are all the nits I can find to pick. Happy to support the promotion to FA of this exemplary article, which seems to me to meet all the FA criteria. I look forward to more. – Tim riley talk 15:16, 28 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Tim riley thanks very much. I believe I've addressed all your comments except the last one, which is debatable and I could go either way but as the article doesn't start with a definite article I think it's probably best to omit it. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 21:30, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
Source review — Pass
- I tend to put the footnotes before the bibliography, but understand that it's a matter of preference.
- Similarly, I prefer sfn footnotes which link to the bibliography. Again, however, preferences differ.
- ISBNs should be hyphenated. See WP:ISBN#Types: Use hyphens if they are included, as they divide the number into meaningful parts.
- If you have a script or something that can do that, go for it, but finding the correct placements and adding them by hand feels like makework.
- Google "ISBN hyphenator" and you'll find a bunch of sites that do it. --Usernameunique (talk) 22:13, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- If you have a script or something that can do that, go for it, but finding the correct placements and adding them by hand feels like makework.
- Antram & Morris 2008 — Suggest "name-list-style = amp" parameter. Yale University Press can be linked.
- Ampersand done. Publishers are consistently not linked in the bibliography.
- Collis 2010 — Are you citing particular entries? Which one(s)? I might just cite them individually, as you do for footnote #10.
- 10 is much easier because it's a compilation of works by different authors which each have their own page. Collis is a physical book with one author and sometimes multiple entries per page. If you can think of a clean way of including the entry names I'm happy to consider it.
- The way I cite encyclopedia entries is with the {{cite encyclopedia}} template. See Herbert Maryon#Encyclopedia entries for examples. This means you'd have to cite Collis 2010 multiple times (which, as with #10, you could do in the footnotes rather than in the bibliography), but it would be clear which entries you're citing. --Usernameunique (talk) 15:24, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- I've been trying to think of a way to do that without adding too much redundancy (because all entries are by the same author in a print encyclopaedia). I think the best compromise is to include the entry name in the footnote, which I've done. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 22:07, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Good idea; that solution presents nicely. --Usernameunique (talk) 22:40, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- I've been trying to think of a way to do that without adding too much redundancy (because all entries are by the same author in a print encyclopaedia). I think the best compromise is to include the entry name in the footnote, which I've done. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 22:07, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- The way I cite encyclopedia entries is with the {{cite encyclopedia}} template. See Herbert Maryon#Encyclopedia entries for examples. This means you'd have to cite Collis 2010 multiple times (which, as with #10, you could do in the footnotes rather than in the bibliography), but it would be clear which entries you're citing. --Usernameunique (talk) 15:24, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- 10 is much easier because it's a compilation of works by different authors which each have their own page. Collis is a physical book with one author and sometimes multiple entries per page. If you can think of a clean way of including the entry names I'm happy to consider it.
- d'Enna 2016 — Pen and Sword can be linked.
- School of Architecture and Interior Design 1987 — I would ditch the acronym. You use it only once, and where it's used (in the footnotes) it's confusing without CTFL+Fing it. Royal Institute of British Architects can be linked.
- Not sure about this. It would result in one strangely long footnote and I'm not sure it would be much clearer because there isn't a person's name attached.
- That would be more convincing if you used short cites throughout, but half the footnotes are full (and thus long) citations, meaning that abbreviating doesn't maintain any sort of consistency. If anything, it looks odd to see the article see a single acronym, that's used a single time. It's a minor point, however, and I won't push further. --Usernameunique (talk) 22:21, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Not a hill I'm prepared to die on, and it's only one footnote in this case, so done.
- That would be more convincing if you used short cites throughout, but half the footnotes are full (and thus long) citations, meaning that abbreviating doesn't maintain any sort of consistency. If anything, it looks odd to see the article see a single acronym, that's used a single time. It's a minor point, however, and I won't push further. --Usernameunique (talk) 22:21, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Not sure about this. It would result in one strangely long footnote and I'm not sure it would be much clearer because there isn't a person's name attached.
- Seddon, Seddon & McIntosh 2014 — Suggest "name-list-style = amp" parameter. Liverpool University Press can be linked.
- I ran InternetArchiveBot, which archived some URLs. The ones it didn't capture should also be archived.
- Looks like this hasn't been addressed. --Usernameunique (talk) 22:17, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- #10 — Can you add the full name?
- I don't have it. The name is as is appears in the source.
- #20 — BBC News can be linked.
- #23, #24, #25, #26 — I would link The Argus. Sure, it's linked above, but readers are less likely to comb through the references for an earlier link than they are in the body.
- #25 — This is available online with a slightly different title and date. Archive.org suggests that 1 October is the correct date.
- Replaced.
- Looks like the title hasn't been updated accordingly. --Usernameunique (talk) 15:20, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 22:07, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Looks like the title hasn't been updated accordingly. --Usernameunique (talk) 15:20, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Replaced.
Looks good overall, mostly just nits above. --Usernameunique (talk) 04:04, 3 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Usernameunique sorry to keep you waiting. All addressed except where noted above. Thanks, HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 21:55, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Usernameunique, how is this looking now? Cheers. Gog the Mild (talk) 22:09, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Gog the Mild, I've added a couple comments above for HJ Mitchell. --Usernameunique (talk) 15:25, 28 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Usernameunique, how is this looking now? Cheers. Gog the Mild (talk) 22:09, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- HJ Mitchell - nudge. Gog the Mild (talk) 12:31, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Apologies for the delay, @Usernameunique and Gog the Mild: between real life and other Wikipedia stuff I've been distracted. These should all be addressed now with two exceptions: the ISBN formatting and URL archiving, neither of which are strictly part of the MoS so I'm happy to leave those for bots or people who don't find them incredibly tedious. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 22:07, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- No problem on any delay, HJ Mitchell; we can all relate. I took on the "incredibly tedious" process of hyphenating the ISBNs myself—after setting a stopwatch. Finding a hyphenator online, and hyphenating each of the seven ISBNs, took a grand total of 66 seconds. Having done that, I must confess that I'm not sure I agree with you that the two things you mentioned are, indeed, tedious (let alone incredibly so). Moving on to the second item—archiving the non-archived URLs—it appears that only three URLs are missing their archived counterparts (four, if the NHLE template allows for archiving). Perhaps you could take a stab at this one? (It'll probably take less long than responding!) Cheers, --Usernameunique (talk) 22:39, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- @HJ Mitchell have you addressed the above? Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 16:55, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- I believe this is all addressed now. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 20:42, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Usernameunique Any final comments? Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 13:03, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- David Fuchs, looks good. --Usernameunique (talk) 14:59, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Usernameunique Any final comments? Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 13:03, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- I believe this is all addressed now. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 20:42, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- @HJ Mitchell have you addressed the above? Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 16:55, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- No problem on any delay, HJ Mitchell; we can all relate. I took on the "incredibly tedious" process of hyphenating the ISBNs myself—after setting a stopwatch. Finding a hyphenator online, and hyphenating each of the seven ISBNs, took a grand total of 66 seconds. Having done that, I must confess that I'm not sure I agree with you that the two things you mentioned are, indeed, tedious (let alone incredibly so). Moving on to the second item—archiving the non-archived URLs—it appears that only three URLs are missing their archived counterparts (four, if the NHLE template allows for archiving). Perhaps you could take a stab at this one? (It'll probably take less long than responding!) Cheers, --Usernameunique (talk) 22:39, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Apologies for the delay, @Usernameunique and Gog the Mild: between real life and other Wikipedia stuff I've been distracted. These should all be addressed now with two exceptions: the ISBN formatting and URL archiving, neither of which are strictly part of the MoS so I'm happy to leave those for bots or people who don't find them incredibly tedious. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 22:07, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- HJ Mitchell - nudge. Gog the Mild (talk) 12:31, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
SC
Comments to follow - SchroCat (talk) 10:19, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
- Lead
- Pipe a link to Pylon (architecture)? (My mind immediately went to this instead)
- Design
- "The pool is roughly square in plan but has chamfered corners": very picky, but I'm going to query the 'but'. There's no contrasting or opposing idea in having a square with chamfered corners and more than any other shape with them. 'And' would work much better
- Again a pipe to Pylon (architecture)? It's slightly odd you include a bracketed explanation of colonnade (twice), but not of pylon – any reason for that?
That's my lot - SchroCat (talk) 21:17, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
- Harry? Just a little nudge - SchroCat (talk) 16:41, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
- HJ Mitchell ? Gog the Mild (talk) 22:11, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Gog the Mild I'm getting there. Sort of. @SchroCat believe I've addressed both your comments. :) HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 22:15, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- HJ Mitchell ? Gog the Mild (talk) 22:11, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Support. All happy with the changes. Another nice article. - SchroCat (talk) 02:38, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
UC
I can see that several wise reviewers have been through: a few nitpicks from me over what's left. UndercoverClassicist T·C 13:09, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
- Simpson's proposal was displayed in the local art gallery while funds were raised by public subscription. The design is based on a Roman water garden and consists of a colonnade (row of columns) at the head of a reflecting pool, flanked by two pylons which contain the names of the dead: I notice that Schro has picked this up above, but I would echo the surprise that "colonnade" is explained while "pylons" is not.
- Fair point. Linked and dab'd.
- temple-shaped screen: Roman temple? Hindu temple? Shaped like the whole temple or just its facade? I think we need a bit more specificity here.
- I think this would be getting into too much detail for the lead. There's more on it in in the body.
- In that case, we need another phrasing: it's not fair or justified to assume that all readers will think that "temple" = classical temple. UndercoverClassicist T·C 22:17, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- I added "classical" to the description in the lead. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 20:43, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- In that case, we need another phrasing: it's not fair or justified to assume that all readers will think that "temple" = classical temple. UndercoverClassicist T·C 22:17, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- I think this would be getting into too much detail for the lead. There's more on it in in the body.
- The site is close to the Egyptian Campaign Memorial: if we can, it might be worth getting in the date of the campaign it commemorates: it could conceivably be for the Second World War. We later call it an obelisk which commemorates the Royal Sussex Regiment's casualties from two conflicts in North Africa in the 1880s.
- Added the year of unveiling.
- The first wave of casualties was 300 men from the Royal Sussex Regiment.: that seems oddly specific. Do we mean the first major wave of casualties -- do we know for sure that nobody from Brighton broke their leg falling off a horse before that? Can we give any details of the context: presumably they were associated with a particular battle? I might also clarify that Brighton is in Sussex and that this was the county regiment.
- This was the first group of casualties shipped to Brighton for treatment/rehabilitation, which I think follows from the previous sentence about hospitals.
- Recruiting rallies were held in the Dome: might be worth saying what that is.
- Done.
- in November 1915 a captured German field gun was presented to the town in an attempt to boost enlistment but by that point it was estimated that 20,000 men from Brighton and the surrounding areas had joined the armed forces. The "but" reads oddly here. I would be tempted to replace it with a full stop.
- Went with a semicolon, but done.
- Following the armistice in November 1918, Brighton Borough Council almost immediately began making plans to commemorate the casualties. It formed a Peace Celebration and War Memorial Subcommittee, which invited public suggestions: is it worth putting a sentence before this to set the national context of war memorials -- we mentioned this at the start of "Background", where it sat slightly oddly.
- Sort-of done, in response to Noleander's comments above.
- did not meet the most essential requirements of a war memorial, ie embodying in a permanent form the sacrifices of those who have fallen or suffered on account of the war: consider "i.e." per MOS:CONFORM, and using the {{abbr}} template for the abbreviation.
- Added the dots. I'm reluctant to do more than that for a quote.
- including a Boer War Memorial: lc memorial (because of the a) and link Boer War (which one -- presumably the second?)
- I reworded the sentence in an earlier edit.
- The subcommittee allocated Simpson a budget of £5,000, which it later reduced to £3,000: can we inflate these to give an idea of how much money we're talking about?
- Another local architect, John Leopold Denman, submitted a design to the subcommittee but this was rejected on cost grounds: I assume we don't know how much he intended to charge?
- I'm inferring that it was a wholly new design but there's nothing in the sources about what it looked like.
- Sorry -- I was asking if the sources said how much money he was asking for? UndercoverClassicist T·C 21:50, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ah, in that case no. There are basically no details in the sources about the proposed alternative. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 22:05, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Sorry -- I was asking if the sources said how much money he was asking for? UndercoverClassicist T·C 21:50, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- I'm inferring that it was a wholly new design but there's nothing in the sources about what it looked like.
- bronze tablets which bear the names of 2,597 dead, including three women: perhaps name them in an EFN? On reading this, the natural question is "who were they?"
- The 2,597 or the three? Or both? It might be possible to track down some details but it would feel undue to single out the three women, for example. The VCs are only singled out because they have their own markers.
- I meant the three women: after all, we've already (correctly) pointed them out as unusual, so it would be good to have some context as to what they were doing in harm's way. UndercoverClassicist T·C 22:19, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- This should be possible but will require a trip to the library in Brighton, which is a day trip from me so might not be immediate. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 21:44, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- The 2,597 or the three? Or both? It might be possible to track down some details but it would feel undue to single out the three women, for example. The VCs are only singled out because they have their own markers.
- I would state that the dedication "A good life hath / its number of days / but a good name shall / continue for ever" is the KJV translation of Ecclesiasticus 41:13, from the Apocrypha (which was remarkably popular for WWI memorial]). Is the main dedication Simpson's composition? It seems pretty close to "To An Athlete Dying Young", and obviously "hail and farewell" is a well-known quotation from Catullus 101: that at least might be footnoteable.
- I think "hail and farewell" is (or has become? I defer to you on the classics!) rather genericised and is commonly found in military and nautical references, probably without knowing its origin. In any case, the sources don't elaborate on the origins, though my educated guess would be that the main dedication was a suggestion of a committee member and the Bible verse was added to placate the church without any overt cross or reference to God/Christ. I've added the chapter and verse for that because it's so obvious that I don't think we need a source to explicitly state it. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 21:10, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- high seas, north seas, home seas, Arctic, Baltic, Mediterranean, France and Flanders, Palestine, Russia, Italy, Macedonia, Dardanelles: assuming these are actually given in all-caps, I would be inclined to do e.g. "High Seas".
- Done.
- The architectural elements are surrounded by a rose garden, designed by the borough council's parks and gardens department at the same time: at the same time as what?
- Fixed!
- Endash in the title of the source about Mannock's commemoration (MOS:CONFORM). Perhaps footnote the dates of the three?
- Dash done, dates added.
- In August 2018, the memorial was vandalised by protesters who splashed red paint on it and attempted to erase the word "Palestine" in the list of theatres: any idea of their motives?
- Obviously the connotations of the name are not the same as they were a century or so ago, and war memorials sometimes attract vandalism from anti-war protesters, usually because they feel that commemoration of the dead glorifies war, but sometimes it's the far right trying to claim exclusive domain over "Britishness" and sometimes it's teenagers just being provocative. Without a report of a culprit being caught and confessing their motives, it's hard to know.
- I must admit to finding bibliography ahead of references baffling, especially as we're dealing with (some) shortened footnotes -- most readers will click the floating number to get to the footnote and then expect to scroll down to find out what it is. But I am nevertheless forced to concede that this is a perfectly permissible way of doing things.
- Hi Harry, have you addressed everything? Gog the Mild (talk) 12:32, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- @UndercoverClassicist: I believe these are all addressed now, with the exception of the detail on the women. That one I can offer my promise that I'll get to it, but it requires a trip to Brighton library which is a day trip from me so it'll have to wait until I have time to get there myself or I can get a more-local friend to go. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 21:10, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- Happy to support: that addition will be to the good, when it is made, but I think the article is in fine fettle as it stands and well worthy of its star. UndercoverClassicist T·C 21:35, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- @UndercoverClassicist: I believe these are all addressed now, with the exception of the detail on the women. That one I can offer my promise that I'll get to it, but it requires a trip to Brighton library which is a day trip from me so it'll have to wait until I have time to get there myself or I can get a more-local friend to go. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 21:10, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Harry, have you addressed everything? Gog the Mild (talk) 12:32, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
The Horn of Plenty
It's early 2009. The world is barely starting to recover from last year's financial meltdown. Despite your wealth and success, you feel trapped in an industry that relies on squeezing designers and customers in an endless cycle of consumption, an ouroboros forever eating its own tail. Do you throw up your hands and quit? No. You're Alexander McQueen: you commit the sackable offense better known as The Horn of Plenty.
I return to FAC with one of McQueen's wildest shows, a no-holds-barred satire of fashion that combined haute couture and trash. Monstrous, bizarre, and magnificent, it divided critics; I hope it will be intriguing but perhaps less polarising to reviewers here. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 05:35, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Z1720
I am reviewing this because, according to , PMC has a review-to-nomination ratio greater than 5.0. Thank you for reviewing articles.
- "In 1992, he graduated with his master's degree in fashion design from Central Saint Martins (CSM), a London art school." I am confused as to why this is relevant to this article, and wonder if it can be removed as too much information and off-topic.
This is standard background for this series of articles and serves to contextualize the length of his career and the period in which he was workingActually, no, on reflection I went back and trimmed this a little.
- "From 1996 to October 2001, McQueen was – in addition to his responsibilities for his own label – head designer at French fashion house Givenchy, replacing John Galliano" This also seems like too much information and irrelevant to this article.
- It's specifically relevant because McQueen's time at Givenchy fed his rage at the industry and his sale to Gucci, and his replacing Galliano was a major factor in McQueen's weird rival-obsession with him, which is discussed in two separate places later in the article
- In the third paragraph of "Background", I do not think the article needs the specifics of the different themes of specific works. Rather, the parargaph can summarise the information by stating in a sentence the themes that McQueen explored in the past (without mentioning specific themes to runways).
- Again, disagree - the point is that this disillusionment with fashion was a major recurring theme in his career. Notice especially how, in 1997, a mere five years after his first collection in 1992, he's presenting a collection about how much being a designer sucks
- This article is not about the themes of this work throughout his career: its about a specific collection. While the context of this collection within McQueen's career is important, the context of the other collections is less important. As someone who has little knowledge of McQueen, I was confused as to why all of this information was here and how it related to the collection, even after reading the article. It seems like overarching themes of McQueen's collections are getting WP:COATRACKed here and would be a better fit in the McQueen article. Z1720 (talk) 05:17, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- I understand the scope of the article, as I am the one who wrote it. The purpose of the background section is to contextualize the subject. In this case, it establishes that McQueen has done this kind of thing throughout his career, so the reader should view this as typical of him (it also helps build the web, providing useful links to readers who may be interested in other similar McQueen collections). I have provided this type of thematic information in all my previous McQueen FAs, such as Voss (collection), which uses that paragraph practically verbatim, so consensus from previous practice suggests that it is accepted as useful, even if not to you.
- "Sarah Mower from Vogue described "heated arguments" breaking out after the show, and Times ." I think this might be an incomplete thought.
- Yup, this is an editing fuck-up, I've removed it as I couldn't figure out what I was trying to say.
- The "Reception" section falls into the "X says Y" sentence pattern. I do not think the amount of quotes are necessary, and that this section can combine critic opinions that are similar. WP:RECEPTION has some suggestions on how to avoid this.
- Do you have any specific suggestions for changes? It's difficult to action such a broad criticism.
- WP:RECEPTION has excellent suggestions on how to summarise quotes and merge commentary. If I was editing this section, I would start by removing most of the quotes and summarising their commentary instead. Specifically, remove "Mower called McQueen "the last designer standing who is brave or foolhardy enough" to present a collection so polarising" as the first paragraph already establishes that the collection is polarizing. This is not just a "remove one sentence" concern: this involves some wholesale rethinking of how this section is rewritten, which will take some time. Z1720 (talk) 05:17, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- It comes off as pretty condescending to re-link the page you already linked in your previous comment, as if I cannot read and have no familiarity with writing reception sections at the FAC level. I have built the section in the same manner that I have done for all previous McQueen FAs, using a combination of summary and quotation.
- Your sole actionable suggestion is to remove Mower's quote, which I will not be doing. It establishes not just that the collection is polarizing, but that Mower has singled McQueen out as the only designer in the industry who would present such a polarizing collection, as well as highlighting that he may be alternately seen as brave or as foolish for doing so.
- The "Analysis" falls into a similar X said Y structure as "Reception" and could probably be improved upon.
- Again, do you have any specific suggestions for changes?
- See above: the section does not need a sentence to describe what each person said about the collection. The reader also doesn't need to know which specific authors gave specific statements: if the reader is interested, they can look at the inline citation and find out who the author is. Most of those names can be removed. Z1720 (talk) 05:17, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- This is completely against the standard practice of attributing quotes and opinions to authors in the text, and I will not be removing this information. These are not objective facts that can be presented in wikivoice, they are subjective opinions and analyses that should be attributed to the author. Again, this section is constructed in the same style that previous McQueen FAs are built in.
- "McQueen's following collection, Plato's Atlantis, featured another extreme platform shoe," I am struggling to understand what this paragraph has to do with this collection. A more explicit explanation is needed.
- I've revised this paragraph to add more about the throughline of the digital prints and trimmed some detail about the armadillos (although they remain present as it shows how McQueen continued to experiment with extreme platform shoes, taking them to an even more extreme level than he had in Horn of Plenty)
Those are my thoughts on the prose. Please ping me upon response. Z1720 (talk) 02:50, 20 February 2026 (UTC)
- Z1720, sorry about taking so long to respond, with apologies I've pushed back against a few things and am looking for more detail on others. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 16:48, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Z1720, second ping as it's been a week. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 05:00, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Premeditated Chaos: Sorry for the lack of response. I got busy in real life and then forgot. Feel free to ping me if I don't respond in the future. Z1720 (talk) 05:17, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Z1720, second ping as it's been a week. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 05:00, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
- Sorry PM, but I am afraid that I agree with Z1720 in pretty much everything they have written. I won't risk accusations of condescension by over-repeating what they have said, but the large number of unnecessary quotes IMO is inconsistent with MOS:QUOTE and the extended passages along the lines of A said this, B wrote that, C wrote the other, D opined something else does not meet FAC criterion 1a; ie, it is not engaging. Z1720's suggestions as to how the issues they identify might be addressed also seem on the money to me. For the record - recusing to comment and possibly opine. Gog the Mild (talk) 17:41, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Gog. This is the exact same style of reception and analysis sections that I've used in previous McQueen FAs. For example, just to grab my three most recent, Scanners (collection), Voss (collection), and What a Merry-Go-Round all use this style and passed without issue. You didn't recuse to review at these but you did promote (and in some cases leave drive-by comments), so presumably you read them over and had no issues or you would have said as much. Can you clarify what you feel the difference is that makes the writing in those articles acceptable but problematic here? ♠PMC♠ (talk) 22:43, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- No. I would prefer you to take my and Z1720's comments on their merits and focus on this article. In passing, Wikipedia articles themselves are not reliable sources, FAC assessment recognises no (or few) precedents, and the primary role of a coordinator closing an article is to judge consensus - not to decide if they agree with it. Gog the Mild (talk) 13:44, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- I would be happy to act on any actionable comments from you, Z1720, or anyone else, but simply saying the entire thing is not good is not helpful or actionable feedback. Even a clarification on what you feel this article does poorly compared to others would be helpful guidance. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 19:01, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- No. I would prefer you to take my and Z1720's comments on their merits and focus on this article. In passing, Wikipedia articles themselves are not reliable sources, FAC assessment recognises no (or few) precedents, and the primary role of a coordinator closing an article is to judge consensus - not to decide if they agree with it. Gog the Mild (talk) 13:44, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
@Premeditated Chaos: I highly recommend that you read WP:RECEPTION. The essay includes examples of what the "X says Y" prose looks like, and how to reformat it. Here are some examples of how this could happen in the article:
- Currently, the artilce says: "Moore appreciated McQueen "making fun of his own compulsion for extreme runway drama" while making a grand statement about fashion.[116] At the Toronto Star, David Graham felt the show was a "disquieting" indictment of the excesses of fashion, particularly in a time of economic crisis.[125] Wilson appreciated the "challenging" concept, but questioned whether McQueen was being hypocritical by drawing so extensively on fashion history while also dismissing it. In his opinion, the breadth of referencing meant that some elements were "lost or obscured"[19]." All three sentences are formatted in a "X says Y" format: a person is named, then a quote of what they said follows. Readers do not care what David Graham at the Toronto Star says because they don't know who he is or what this publication is. Ditto for Wilson or Moore: they just want to know what the critics said. If a reader truly wants to know which critics expressed which opinions, they can look at the citation where the author's name is given. These sentences could be merged together to say something like, "Reviewers stated that McQueen was critiquing the extreme runway drama excesses of fashion,[116][125] though questioned whether McQueen was being hypocritical by drawing so extensively on fashion history while also dismissing it, and that the referencing causing some elements to become lost or obscured."[19]
- Another example, from "Designs and show": "A number of reviewers regarded The Horn of Plenty as an overall success. Miles Socha at Women's Wear Daily called it a "full-strength, hard-core McQueen experience".[50] Another reviewer there felt it was a daring expression of rage.[115] Hilary Alexander at The Independent was enthused about the entire show, especially the variety of materials and attention to detail.[94] Booth Moore, writing at the Los Angeles Times, was intrigued by McQueen being in "high-camp mode".[116] Although broadly positive in their reviews, Suzy Menkes of the International Herald Tribune and Liz Jones of the Daily Mail had reservations about the collection. Menkes highlighted the oversized knitted items as highly imaginative, while Jones called it a "timely reminder" of fashion's ability to be provocative and novel.[117][118]" This has lots of X says Y after the first sentence. Instead, this could be "Many reviewers regarded The Horn of Plenty as an overall success,[50] describing it as provocative, novel,[117][118] and a daring expression of rage.[115] They positively commented on the variety of materials and attention to detail,[94] highlighting designs such as oversized knitted items as highly imaginative.[116][117][118]" After removing each reviewer's name, there is more space in the paragraph to either expand upon the information and add more information about what was said about the collection or merge it with another paragraph to make it more concise.
I hope the above helps, and I really suggest reading WP:RECEPTION as it explains how to do this better than what I described above. Z1720 (talk) 04:03, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- I think I would have to disagree quite strongly with removing critics and/or publication names. We're giving expert's opinions, so we should be attaching those opinions clearly (ie. inline) to the people who have them. I've seen too many cases of readers adding [who?] templates to sentences that say "critics said" or "many reviewers regarded" to think that this article would remain tag free for long. - SchroCat (talk) 09:22, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- I think it is a stretch to call most of the named individuals experts, especially when they are not notable enough to be redlinked for potential Wiki-articles. If editors add "who" templates, they can be pinged on the talk page for discussion. Not every expert needs to be removed: the occasional X says Y statement is helpful, but in my opinion the current prose is overusing this sentence structure to the article's detriment. Z1720 (talk) 13:49, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- They're fashion editors, which makes them experts, I think. I'm not sure the lack of a redlink is indicative of not being notable enough for having their names mentioned. The structure is a different point, but however the text is written, the names should be inline to identify who holds the opinions. - SchroCat (talk) 14:05, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Apologies for intruding on this discussion, but I agree with SchroCat. There is value in keeping these names in the prose. Like SchroCat has already said above, these are fashion journalists and editors (and by extension experts in their fields), and it is always helpful to clearly attribute this type of information in the prose, so readers can more clearly understand and track who is saying what. And someone can be an expert in their field and not be notable enough for a Wikipedia article. Aoba47 (talk) 15:10, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- An interested reader can track who is saying what from the inline citation. The name usually does not need to be in the prose. Z1720 (talk) 15:33, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- In my opinion, this likely comes down to personal preference. And yes, while the inline citation is there, some readers may be unfamiliar with this type of thing and not know how to access them to find this information. It makes me think of MOS:NOFORCELINK in a sense. Why force readers to navigate to a citation when this information can be clearly attributed in the prose? We may think that inline citations are easy and obvious, but we are all experienced Wikipedia editors, and newer readers or those with less experience may think differently. Again, I can understand preferring a different style or approach for this type of section, but this more so seems to be about personal preference. WP:RECEPTION is an essay, not a policy. While it is a very useful resource (and I have cited it and used it myself), it is important to make the distinction and keep that in mind. Aoba47 (talk) 15:54, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- It also comes down to FA criteria 1a. "well-written: its prose is engaging and of a professional standard" and #4, "It stays focused on the main topic without going into unnecessary detail and uses summary style where appropriate". Listing non-notable people and quoting each of their opinions does not, in my opinion, use engaging prose or use summary style. WP:DETAIL talks about how readers need information on the topic's important points. Listing the names of non-notable reviewers isn't focused on the topic: saying what reviewers said, and grouping them together when appropriate, is in greater adherence to WP:DETAIL. It is OK to consolidate reviews if they are saying the same thing, which is what I observe when reviewing the article. Z1720 (talk) 16:59, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Again, this comes down to one's opinion about what makes engaging prose and what is unnecessary detail. In my opinion, engaging prose is highly subjective. I do not believe there is one clear objective way of handling. What may seem engaging to you may not seem as engaging to me and vice versa.
- For instance, I disagree about removing publication names from the prose. I view that information as notable and as important context for readers. I am not well-informed in fashion. But, I know in music, there is a difference in how a Pitchfork review is seen versus one from Rolling Stone or Billboard. I would argue that stripping away everything to just reference generic critics makes the prose less engaging (and again, that is just my opinion).
- That being said, I would be more than happy to reread the article and to see what could be condensed and consolidated if @Premeditated Chaos: would like for me to do so. I would think that there could be some sort of compromise or meeting in the middle about this. Aoba47 (talk) 17:19, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Z1720, I appreciate that you have provided some specific feedback, albeit limited. As I've mentioned above, I find your insistent recommendation that I read WP:RECEPTION to be condescending. I have read it, I have told you I have read it, and I do not need to be reminded to read it again, please and thank you.
- I have always been told that it's essential to attribute opinions to the person who wrote them, in order to provide the reader the full context for any given quote. Readers should not have to check references for useful information, it should be provided to them in the article. You may not think a reader would find this information useful, but I can think of several instances where a reader might wish to have such context: comparing opinions that come from tabloids vs more reputable papers; British critics versus Americans and others; opinions of women critics vs men. Perhaps someone is interested in chasing a particular reviewer through a series of related articles. It doesn't matter, our job is to provide it. And of course, just because no one has written an article about a person yet doesn't mean they're not important in their field or even notable - every subject is a redlink until someone writes it.
- I will attempt to condense the reception section. SchroCat has done some legwork for me there, which I am enormously grateful for - but the idea that I must remove all context for any quoted opinions is your personal preference and not in line with existing best practice. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 03:34, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Premeditated Chaos: For clarification, I don't think all quotes must be removed. Instead, quotes should be used sparingly to highlight specific aspects. For example, in "Critical reviews" section of Flight Pattern, I used quotes when a source was the only place where an aspect was commented on. The X said Y format was also used a couple times, but I merged prose when multiple sources were stating similar things. I don't think I used any quotes in "Themes and analysis" as I didn't think they were necessary. As for feeling condescended, if you indicated that you read RECEPTION already, I would not have re-suggested it. Instead, you posted that you wanted a reviewer to spend hours preparing actionable items for your article; I only did two examples because I avoid re-writing content for articles that I am reviewing, as I want to work on my own articles of interest. I'm happy to take another look at the article, but I don't think it's advisable for me to spend hours reviewing or re-reviewing an article if my comments are going to be taken as condescending. Please let me know if you would like me to take a look or leave the review as-is. Z1720 (talk) 15:46, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Z1720, given that I'd already mentioned I felt it was condescending to repeat your link to RECEPTION way back when I originally replied to your comments a month ago, it does come off as rude to do it again, not only in your reply but in your edit summary.
- I'm sorry that you take it as demanding for me to request specific feedback; typically that is the kind of feedback I have received (and given) at previous FACs so your refusal to provide any came as a surprise. I was not expecting line-by-line analysis, but at the very least some specific suggestions to guide me in making changes would have been reasonable - "paragraph X is the most in need of revising, paragraph Y is mostly fine but could lose Z", etc. I certainly wasn't expecting you to do rewrites for me. I'm not sure where you got that impression from. If you didn't know what I was looking for, perhaps you could have clarified instead of point-blank refusing to provide anything further, and we might not have gotten to this point.
- Per my outdented message below, which you may not have seen as you didn't reply to it, I have made changes in line with your recommendations. I hope you would at least read the Reception and Analysis sections over to see if the changes are satisfactory. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 18:12, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Premeditated Chaos: For clarification, I don't think all quotes must be removed. Instead, quotes should be used sparingly to highlight specific aspects. For example, in "Critical reviews" section of Flight Pattern, I used quotes when a source was the only place where an aspect was commented on. The X said Y format was also used a couple times, but I merged prose when multiple sources were stating similar things. I don't think I used any quotes in "Themes and analysis" as I didn't think they were necessary. As for feeling condescended, if you indicated that you read RECEPTION already, I would not have re-suggested it. Instead, you posted that you wanted a reviewer to spend hours preparing actionable items for your article; I only did two examples because I avoid re-writing content for articles that I am reviewing, as I want to work on my own articles of interest. I'm happy to take another look at the article, but I don't think it's advisable for me to spend hours reviewing or re-reviewing an article if my comments are going to be taken as condescending. Please let me know if you would like me to take a look or leave the review as-is. Z1720 (talk) 15:46, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
- It also comes down to FA criteria 1a. "well-written: its prose is engaging and of a professional standard" and #4, "It stays focused on the main topic without going into unnecessary detail and uses summary style where appropriate". Listing non-notable people and quoting each of their opinions does not, in my opinion, use engaging prose or use summary style. WP:DETAIL talks about how readers need information on the topic's important points. Listing the names of non-notable reviewers isn't focused on the topic: saying what reviewers said, and grouping them together when appropriate, is in greater adherence to WP:DETAIL. It is OK to consolidate reviews if they are saying the same thing, which is what I observe when reviewing the article. Z1720 (talk) 16:59, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- In my opinion, this likely comes down to personal preference. And yes, while the inline citation is there, some readers may be unfamiliar with this type of thing and not know how to access them to find this information. It makes me think of MOS:NOFORCELINK in a sense. Why force readers to navigate to a citation when this information can be clearly attributed in the prose? We may think that inline citations are easy and obvious, but we are all experienced Wikipedia editors, and newer readers or those with less experience may think differently. Again, I can understand preferring a different style or approach for this type of section, but this more so seems to be about personal preference. WP:RECEPTION is an essay, not a policy. While it is a very useful resource (and I have cited it and used it myself), it is important to make the distinction and keep that in mind. Aoba47 (talk) 15:54, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- An interested reader can track who is saying what from the inline citation. The name usually does not need to be in the prose. Z1720 (talk) 15:33, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Apologies for intruding on this discussion, but I agree with SchroCat. There is value in keeping these names in the prose. Like SchroCat has already said above, these are fashion journalists and editors (and by extension experts in their fields), and it is always helpful to clearly attribute this type of information in the prose, so readers can more clearly understand and track who is saying what. And someone can be an expert in their field and not be notable enough for a Wikipedia article. Aoba47 (talk) 15:10, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- They're fashion editors, which makes them experts, I think. I'm not sure the lack of a redlink is indicative of not being notable enough for having their names mentioned. The structure is a different point, but however the text is written, the names should be inline to identify who holds the opinions. - SchroCat (talk) 14:05, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- I think I would have to disagree quite strongly with removing critics and/or publication names. We're giving expert's opinions, so we should be attaching those opinions clearly (ie. inline) to the people who have them. I've seen too many cases of readers adding [who?] templates to sentences that say "critics said" or "many reviewers regarded" to think that this article would remain tag free for long. - SchroCat (talk) 09:22, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
Further to the above, I have used Schro's work as a base, and have further revised both Reception and Analysis to trim many quotes entirely, or reduce others in length. I have retained the names/publications of the commentators, as noted. Not going to double ping Z1720 since I already pinged them just above, but courtesy ping to Gog the Mild to see if this is satisfactory. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 05:00, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
@Gog the Mild: Do you have any further input on the article? Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 13:17, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Generalissima
Image review (mostly checking if these are all from countries with freedom of panorama, lol)
- File:Feather dress from Horn of Plenty by Alexander McQueen at Savage Beauty.jpg - Good
- File:McQueen, Musée des beaux-arts - 49.jpg - good
- File:Bird jacket by Alexander McQueen (51531).jpg - good
- File:Dior denver art1.jpg - good
- File:Suit by Coco Chanel, c. 1955, wool, silk - Musée de la mode - Montreal, Canada - DSC07028.jpg- good
- File:Givency, vestito corto e cappello, indossato da audrey hepburn in colazone da tiffany, 1961.jpg - good
- File:Vinyl dress from Horn of Plenty by Alexander McQueen at Savage Beauty.jpg - good
- File:Lee Alexander McQueen & Ann Ray - Rendez-Vous 61.jpg -good (thanks elli)
- File:Karlie kloss in horn of plenty closeup.jpg - fair use attribution fine
- File:McQueen, Musée des beaux-arts - 48.jpg - good (love this one)
- File:House of McQueen exhibition 2025 11.jpg - goodFile:Lee Alexander McQueen & Ann Ray - Rendez-Vous 35.jpg - good
- File:House of McQueen exhibition 2025 49.jpg - good
- File:Lee Alexander McQueen & Ann Ray - Rendez-Vous 70.jpg - good
All seems fine to me. All images are appropriate and compliment the article. Prose review to come.
Prose thoughts:
- Misogyny may be worth linking in the lede.
- Background very solid.
- cinemaphile may be worth Wiktionary linking
- There's generally very few things to note across this. The linking I think is ultimately up to personal preference so I'm happy to support on prose. Generalissima (talk) (it/she) 13:29, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments from Aoba47
- I think that it may be worthwhile to link fashion photography for "mid-century fashion photography" in both the lead and in the body of the article, as I could see some readers not be as familiar with this type of photography, and the article does include several visual representations of fashion photography from this time period, so it would be a helpful resource for people.
- I think that it would be helpful to link "sackable" in this quote, "a sackable offense", as it is more of a slang word or regional variation that some readers may be unfamiliar with. Maybe a link to the Wikitionary entry could be useful here?
- Apologies in advance, as I could be overthinking this, but I wonder if it would be useful to clarify that Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims was McQueen's thesis collection for his master's degree? It would clarify why only a year is listed for this, and not the year and season, and I do think that it would be helpful to include how McQueen pulled from even his work at fashion school for this collection. I believe that would add an additional layer to this reference.
- Apologies if I had already asked this in a previous FAC. I noticed that there are some citations that are not in numeric order. I do not believe that this is required for a FAC or is discussed in the MOS, but I was curious about the rationale for this? Just to be clear, I am not saying that this needs to be changed, but it was something that caught my attention while reading through the article, so I thought that I should raise this point here for further discussion if necessary.
- I'm just a VE-using slob lol. I think I've got them all right now
- I have a question about the linking for this part, "expensive non-renewable specialist materials". Why not link directly to the non-renewable resource article, as those seem to be the type of resources being discussed here? I was just curious on why the renewable resource article was chosen for the link instead.
- I just didn't realize we had that article
- I could be majorly overthinking this one, so apologies in advance. I am uncertain about the contrast being posed in this sentence: Despite the theme of trash and waste, the collection heavily references the natural world with animal prints and real furs. This seems to place trash and waste as antithetical to the natural world, when I am not necessarily true that is the case, as trash and waste do exist in nature. Maybe, it would be more beneficial to have some sort of qualifier in front of "trash and waste" to specify that this is specifically referencing what is being done by humans?
- I couldn't think of a way to word this elegantly so I've just removed this bit altogether
- I have a question about "committed suicide". I know that language around suicide is very touchy for obvious reasons, and this is discussed in MOS:SUICIDE. I know that this phrasing is not banned or discouraged, but I was curious about your rationale for this word choice?
- I prefer "committed suicide" to "died by suicide" because the latter treats suicide as though it were a health condition like cancer, and not a deliberate choice made by a person in severe distress. It elides the awful reality in a way I dislike. (Vati gets into it more Talk:Marie_Sophie_Hingst#Describing_suicide here and User_talk:Vaticidalprophet#1978_smallpox_outbreak_in_the_United_Kingdom, I don't know that I feel as strongly as he does, but I agree with the broad strokes)
- Thank you for the response (and for the links to the discussions). I can see both sides to this (and frankly, I am not sure what language I would use in this context myself), and I appreciate hearing your rationale for this word choice. It does make sense to me. Aoba47 (talk) 16:21, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
- Would Alexander McQueen: Working Process be notable enough for a standalone article and to have a red link? I was just curious as I know that Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano has its own article, and I was curious if there was enough coverage around this book to justify an article.
- It probably is notable, I just didn't redlink it
- Do we have any information on why McQueen dedicated this collection to his mother?
- No, but he was a big ol' momma's boy and he dedicated a few to her :)
- I do have a question about the critical reaction and response to the make-up style used for this collection. I was wondering if any of the critics brought up anything to how the make-up, particularly the overdrawn lips, could be connected with racial stereotyping and tropes?
- Not that I saw, but that would've been quite juicy criticism. I have to assume that the context of it being a mockery of fashion and beauty (and the pale face makeup) made people think more of plastic surgery and porn stars, rather than blackface.
- I had a feeling that was the case, but I just wanted to double-check to make sure. I think that the overall styling and context for the collection and runway helped to avoid this type of criticism (or to push it in a different direction). It just was something that came to my mind when I saw the Karlie Kloss image, but I am an American, so I fully recognize that I come from this from a different angle and with different baggage. On a somewhat related note, I do love the Kloss image, and it really does add so much to the article. Aoba47 (talk) 16:21, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
- For this part, "actually depicts a silhouette of a scene", do we have any further information about this "scene", as it is rather vague in its current wording?
- I just double checked the source and it says "actually it is a whole scene painted in the style of Victorian silhouettes", but doesn't bother to say what of
- The article mentions that the show closes with a flatlining heart monitor, but I was wondering if there was any coverage about the soundtrack used for the rest of the show? Earlier in the article, it is briefly mentioned that the soundtrack is one of the elements that references previous collections, but I was curious if there was more information on this. Apologies if I had missed this.
- Unfortunately no! There are plenty of previous articles where specific tracks get name-dropped, but not a one here.
- I have not read up to this part yet, but I do see an error message for Citation 153. It says the following: Cite error: The named reference
FOOTNOTEwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
- Ohh, lord, I've done something here. Okay. I fixed it. Sfnms look so sleek when Airshipjungleman29 does them but I always make a hash of them :P
- Apologies for jumping down to citations. I just noticed a few things after seeing the above error message. This is not a requirement by any means, but I would recommend archiving online citations as link rot and death can be a real headache. I have had to deal with that lately when so many Vibe articles were removed (and all of the magazines were taken off Google Books for whatever reasons).
- Don't apologize my dude :) That being said, IAbot has been very dysfunctional for the last year or so, and since anything that gets linked from Wikipedia does get prioritized for archiving on IA, I'm going to leave it for now.
- That makes sense. It is a shame that IAbot has been so dysfunctional for a while now. I remember when it was such a great and reliable tool in the past. I was not aware about Wikipedia citations getting prioritized for archiving on IA. That does makes sense, but it is good to know for the future. Aoba47 (talk) 16:08, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
- I would also make sure that the linking for works/websites and publishers are consistent throughout. There are some spots where items are not linked, like with Elle in Citation in Citation 157 or Variety in Citation 158.
- This is likely a matter of personal preference, but I think that it is helpful to clarify in the template when a citation is for Newspapers.com. I just find it helpful to let readers know the full context of a source rather than potentially surprising them when they click on a link.
- This is a lot of work for not that much material benefit to the reader, so I think I'm going to pass here since the clippings should all be accessible
I hope that these comments are helpful. Apologies again, as some of these may just be overthinking things. I have read up to the "Reception" section, and I am really enjoying the article so far. I think that the background information is helpful here, as this collection is referential to McQueen's past work, and it is nice to have it here rather than making readers click on to links or navigate to different articles to find this information. However, that is just my opinion. Once my comments are addressed, I will continue to read through the article. I hope that you are having a wonderful week so far! Best of luck with the FAC! Aoba47 (talk) 19:39, 2 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Aoba! I've replied all above, as usual I think you're asking the kinds of questions readers would, and I appreciate it. Especially thanks for catching the fucked up reference :) Looking forward to your second half! ♠PMC♠ (talk) 08:00, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
- I am glad that I could help. I can't take too much credit for the reference. I think that I must have something set-up on end because the error message was made really big and bold for me lol. I am looking forward to finish my review. I hope that you have a great rest of your week and an amazing weekend! Aoba47 (talk) 16:21, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
Just as clarification (since I am referencing citations and citation numbers in this set of comments), I am working off of this version of the article.
- Is the WWD acronym for Women's Wear Daily necessary? I do not see that acronym being used in the article, outside of its original introduction, but please let me know if I am just overlooking something incredibly obvious.
- Oh nope I think the re-use was edited out at some point
- I had a feeling that was the case, but I just wanted to make sure. Thank you!
- I think that bourgeoisie may be worth linking, just to help readers who may be less than certain about the word and its meaning. I feel like since a word like escapism is linked later on, a link for this would seem beneficial.
- I've linked it to wiktionary since it glosses the specific usage
- Is the following part necessary, his former employer Givenchy and sometime-rival John Galliano? Galliano was already introduced in a previous section. I can see keeping this, as it has been a while in the article since Galliano was discussed, so it may be helpful for readers who jump around to different sections. This is more so another one that I was curious on the rationale for and not necessarily asking for an immediate change or edit.
- Yes, basically because it's quite far down the article from there
- I would recommend linking diss. Even though the word has been around for a while now, it is still slang, and it is still conceivable that some readers may be unfamiliar with it and its meaning in this context.
- Mmmm...since "diss" isn't quite the same as a "diss track", I've gone with the wiktionary link again
- Citations 11 and 57 require a subscription to access, at least on my end. It may be worthwhile to mark this in the citation, but I can also understand if that is something that is not entirely necessary too. This is more so something that I noticed, so I thought I should bring it to your attention.
- Eh, same with the Newspapers.com thing, this feels like work without much benefit
- Citation 45 is no longer live, at least on my end. When I attempt to access it, I get a 404 error message. Thankfully, the citation was archived on IA, and here is the archived link for that source. I am oddly enough getting the 404 error message for two other Women's Wear Daily sources (Citations 8 and 14). Citation 8 already has an archived link, but here is an archived link for Citation 14. That link actually has a byline for Citation 14 (James Fallon), so I would recommend adding that.
- WWD must have wonked their URLs, I've fixed these all now
- Non-English sources should be English translations for their titles. So, Citations 111 and 126 should have translations for their titles. I would double-check to make sure that this is done for any other instance of this.
- Done, I think
- Vanessa Friedman should be linked in Citation 119. I believe that the authors are linked in the other citations, when applicable of course, but this may also be worthwhile to double-check as well.
- Linked
- The live link for Citation 170 goes to a different article than the one being cited. The archived link, however, does go to the correct article.
- How bizarre! Since it was only used for the V&A date, I've just gone and swapped it out entirely for a ref to a book that gives the date
- I have had similar instances happen in the past, in which a URL was used for an entirely new/different article, but that has been quite rare in my experience and it is always really weird whenever I run into this. Thank you for handling this. I think swapping it out was the better way of addressing this. Aoba47 (talk) 18:12, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- Looping back to earlier in the article, I am wondering if a link for hobo ("hobo couture") and camp ("high-camp mode") would be helpful. This should be the last of my random link suggestions lol.
- Mmmmmm I'm gonna skip "hobo" since that's a common word, but I'll do camp
That should be everything from me. I hope that these comments are helpful. Please let me know if you have any questions about any of this. Thank you for your wonderful work on this article. As always, best of luck with the FAC! Aoba47 (talk) 18:21, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
- All done, thanks for your second look, cheers! ♠PMC♠ (talk) 04:14, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thank you for addressing everything and for your patience with my review. I really enjoyed this article, but I do have a bias as I think that trashion, and the use and reference to trash in art in general, is quite interesting. I support this FAC for promotion based on the prose. I hope that you have a wonderful weekend and an even better March! Aoba47 (talk) 18:12, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
SC
I've made a few very minor tweaks throughout (here), mostly relating to page/pages. As for the rest:
- "published a photo book documenting the collection's creation in 2013": technically you've written that the collection was created in 2013, not that the book was published then
- I don't think "fully-feathered" should be hyphenated (per MOS:HYPHEN)
- "percent" to "per cent" (BrEng)
- "made of trash": -> "made of rubbish" (BrEng)
- trash-as-couture – ditto
- "A number of": some reviewers have an issue with this phrase (I'm less concerned – it's clear from context), but maybe best to avoid with "Several" or similar
- 'it was a "a powerful comment': Double a
That's my lot. As readable and excellent as the previous articles on McQueen. - SchroCat (talk) 15:20, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Schro, thanks as always for your comments. I've made the above changes except the "a number of" thing - I junked one of those, but kept the rest. Cheers! ♠PMC♠ (talk) 14:46, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments from GreenLipstickLesbian
Where did you get the claim that lacquered silks (like Xiangyunsha silk) are non-renewable? At first blush, and after a quick consult with other sources, which I'd probably trust for textile properties more than fashion publications and a biography, I'm not sure that's an accurate descriptor; did McQueen perceive the fabric as coming from a non-renewable source? Have we run into the silk-satin confusion?
- Hm. I think I was taking too much from Waplington's comment in The Cut: "There was a kind of tongue-in-cheek element to the whole thing, though, because Lee wasn’t actually using renewables in his work." I've revised that bit down into to Analysis and stuck to the original wording about the irony of using expensive materials to look like garbage.
Also, "actual feathers" - I think you can trim this to just "feathers", unless the source goes into a lot of depth about the feathers being real. Saying that they're actual feathers implies that there's something distinctive about it when, in fact, that's just the vast majority of fashion or craft feathers -- and those which are fake are very obviously so. It turns out that making artificial feathers is very hard, and there's no point when you can just harvest them from the 48 billion birds killed a year for meat. GreenLipstickLesbian💌🧸 23:07, 18 March 2026 (UTC)
- Reworded also.
Thanks for the comments, GreenLipstickLesbian. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 03:02, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- No, thank you for even bothering to look at them, @Premeditated Chaos! Good luck with the rest of the process; I'm not going to pretend to be nearly qualified or competent enough to give a meaningful official support (tm), but I looked through the rest of the article (thoroughly enjoyable read, btw) and nothing jumps out at me as weird or obviously wrong. (Though maybe it could benefit from a wikilink to yashmak?) GreenLipstickLesbian💌🧸 04:55, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ah, there is one in the first instance at "Many designs were revisions of earlier ideas, while other items, like a chainmail yashmak..." but I can dupe link the second instance if you want. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 14:11, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ooops, no, that's on me - I have the memory falsely ascribed the goldfish. And I'll leave duplicate links up to you; I tend to favour them (see: goldfish memory), but I fear I favour them to a point where the MOS adherents get a nervous twitch when they read anything I've written. And FA is the land of the MOS adherents, so you should probably listen to them over me.
GreenLipstickLesbian💌🧸 05:45, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ooops, no, that's on me - I have the memory falsely ascribed the goldfish. And I'll leave duplicate links up to you; I tend to favour them (see: goldfish memory), but I fear I favour them to a point where the MOS adherents get a nervous twitch when they read anything I've written. And FA is the land of the MOS adherents, so you should probably listen to them over me.
- Ah, there is one in the first instance at "Many designs were revisions of earlier ideas, while other items, like a chainmail yashmak..." but I can dupe link the second instance if you want. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 14:11, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
Source and image review
- Sources look generally reliable. A few spotchecks showed nothing awry. Citations 157 and 158 (Bailey and Tangcay) have CS1 errors because the archive link is the deprecated archive.today. Otherwise, all good with formatting, although I am wondering at the singular use of {{sfnm}}.
- Oop, I've pulled the archive.today links now. Sfnm is so fiddly (for me anyway) that I generally only break it out when I have 4 sfn refs for one sentence, which is the case there. I will lose my hair if I try to do them for the whole article. I could...un-sfnm it, I suppose, I'll just have to figure out which author I can toss.
- Images: all good. Only the one non-free, and it looks correctly tagged; all the rest are pictures from exhibitions and are tagged appropriately. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 22:00, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks Airship, always appreciate seeing you at my FACs :) ♠PMC♠ (talk) 07:36, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Pass the image and source review. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 11:28, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks Airship, always appreciate seeing you at my FACs :) ♠PMC♠ (talk) 07:36, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
Emotional Consequences of Broadcast Television
- Nominator(s): Olliefant (she/her) 05:46, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
The series finale of the sitcom Community, I cowrote this with a now retired editor a few years back and got it to GA. I've been mulling over this one for a while, epecially after my first FAC crashed and burned, but I think this one should go better. You know what they say, third times the charm. Olliefant (she/her) 05:46, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
Arconning
Here'll be some comments from me! Love this show so I gotta contribute somehow. Arconning (talk) 07:10, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Arconning: done all below Olliefant (she/her) 16:02, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
- "series creator Dan Harmon and Chris McKenna", specify McKenna's role.
- "...Shirley, Elroy and a third black character.", capitalize "Black"
- "Ben Chang, Dean Pelton, and Annie Edison respectively.", "Ben Chang, Dean Pelton, and Annie Edison, respectively."
- "That one that Jim does is adlibbed.", wikilink adlibbed and add a sic template.
- "Additionally, Justin Roiland—who worked with Harmon on the animate sitcom Rick and Morty", "animated"
- "Harmon does the voice over", either use "voice-over" or "voiceover"
- " The episode makes a references to "Basic Intergluteal Numismatics" (2014),", " The episode makes a reference to "Basic Intergluteal Numismatics" (2014),"
- Dan Harmon is wikilinked in the body multiple times, wikilink just the first instance within the body and in a caption of an image.
Image review
- File:Emotional Consequences of Broadcast Television.jpg - Fair Use
- File:Dan Harmon (14790686643).jpg - CC BY-SA 2.0
- Both of the images are relevant, have proper captioning, and are licensed properly.
Crystal Drawers
Seeing this here was a really nice surprise, Ollie! Comments to come, but ping me if I haven’t started it up by Friday :p Crystal Drawers 🍌 (wanna talk?) 17:25, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
- Some pre-review comments: Plot is over 400 words, and there is a typo with "Six Seasons anf a Finale". There is also a lot of direct quoting, and some of the sourcing doesn’t look the strongest (ScreenRant? Den Of Geek?), I’m only checking the prose but the source issues would need to be addressed for a source review. Crystal Drawers 🍌 (wanna talk?) 22:50, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
- The plot is 396 words when excluding names. I don't see a problem with Den of Geek, the Screen Rant source however was written by [Alex Welch] who has a fairly extensive resume Olliefant (she/her) 23:54, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
- Just realized I forgot to fully review this! I apologize, I went through the article again and it seems almost all of my concerns I would’ve had have been mentioned by others and changed by you, so I’m happy to offer my Support for the prose and accessibility. Crystal Drawers 🍌 (wanna talk?) 23:19, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- The plot is 396 words when excluding names. I don't see a problem with Den of Geek, the Screen Rant source however was written by [Alex Welch] who has a fairly extensive resume Olliefant (she/her) 23:54, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
Hurricanehink
Few comments from a fan (and who needs some Community content to hold me over til the movie).
- Link series finale somewhere in the lead Done
- "As another school year ends, Frankie (Paget Brewster) disbands the Save Greendale Committee for the summer." - there's no context for this if you don't know the show's sixth season. Not sure if you need a background section, but some context would be good for readers unfamiliar with the show (who might happen to come across the article). For instance, the article never once explains that Greendale is a community college. Also, was it disbanded for the summer or for good? I thought the point of them disbanding was that Greendale was saved.
- Tweaked
- "At Britta's (Gillian Jacobs) bar" - does Britta own it? Or just the bar she works at? It's been a while since I've watched the last season.
- Dropped the "Britta's" part
- "Jeff imagines himself strangling many clones of Abed." - how relevant is this to the plot? Because it's immediately followed with "Jeff imagines raising a child with Annie". Or perhaps combine both of them?
- Just cut it since it was a throw away gag
- "Harmon does the voiceover in the episode's end tag. Harmon's performance is uncredited" - instead of starting two sentences with the same last name, could you merge these sentences? Done
- Regarding the profanity, were both instances "fuck"? I'm guessing so based on " it's weird to have two "fucks" on that one", but that could mean Britta said "fuck" twice, and Jim might've said a different curse word.
- Reworded
- "Network restrictions on profanity did not apply as the season was produced by Yahoo! Screen.[15][13] " - can you make sure all references are in order? Not a necessity but it's nice to have them in order. Done
The article is decent but feels on the short side. That's why I think some "background" could be helpful, or at least a bit more detail to provide context. I see there was a comment above (by Crystal Drawers) about the length of the plot, so it doesn't need much, just a bit more in case someone wasn't familiar with the show. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:30, 21 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Hurricanehink: done all Olliefant (she/her) 22:25, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
- Minor quibble, but the lead part where you added - "The series revolves around a group of friends, as they work to improve Greendale Community College." - this is only true about the last season that they're trying to improve the college. The rest of the seasons is about the friends attending the college. Further, I don't feel there's enough context for the "Save Greendale Committee" being disbanded, which is the major plot thread for the last season. The only reason I'm making a bit of a stink about it is that the article is on the short side, and it is a series finale. I compared it to another featured article finales, namely Goodbyeee, which has a background section. That could be useful for establishing who the characters are. Namely, the plot section starting with "Frankie (Paget Brewster) disbands the Save Greendale Committee" has no context. People who watched Community on air (but not Yahoo) would have no idea who Frankie even is, or why there was that committee. Also one other random note, but by calling the character just "Dean Pelton", people might assume it's a guy named "Dean", and not the Dean of the college (at least until you clarify that by calling him "the Dean"). These aren't huge issues, but it would help make the article feel more finished, especially for someone who might be vaguely aware of the show but not the finale. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:58, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Hurricanehink: tweaked the prose somewhat, let me know what you think Olliefant (she/her) 16:09, 26 February 2026 (UTC)
- There's still the issue that the plot part sounds like it comes out of nowhere. Even if you're a little familiar with the show, who is Frankie, and what is the committee? I believe the committee was started in the season 6 premier, so adding that bit would help serve as connecting material. Also, there's two spots with the Dean that need to be fixed.
- "Jeff then suggests they all become teachers, with himself as the Dean and Dean Pelton as a trainee Dean"
- "Dean Pelton" in the Production part.
- Sorry to make a stink over these small parts, but the article isn't very long, so the small issues stand out. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 20:11, 26 February 2026 (UTC)
- Tweaked it some more, I added wikilinks to character names, full explanations can't really be included due to the 400 word limit on plot wiki links Olliefant (she/her) 06:33, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
- There's still the issue that the plot part sounds like it comes out of nowhere. Even if you're a little familiar with the show, who is Frankie, and what is the committee? I believe the committee was started in the season 6 premier, so adding that bit would help serve as connecting material. Also, there's two spots with the Dean that need to be fixed.
- @Hurricanehink: tweaked the prose somewhat, let me know what you think Olliefant (she/her) 16:09, 26 February 2026 (UTC)
- Minor quibble, but the lead part where you added - "The series revolves around a group of friends, as they work to improve Greendale Community College." - this is only true about the last season that they're trying to improve the college. The rest of the seasons is about the friends attending the college. Further, I don't feel there's enough context for the "Save Greendale Committee" being disbanded, which is the major plot thread for the last season. The only reason I'm making a bit of a stink about it is that the article is on the short side, and it is a series finale. I compared it to another featured article finales, namely Goodbyeee, which has a background section. That could be useful for establishing who the characters are. Namely, the plot section starting with "Frankie (Paget Brewster) disbands the Save Greendale Committee" has no context. People who watched Community on air (but not Yahoo) would have no idea who Frankie even is, or why there was that committee. Also one other random note, but by calling the character just "Dean Pelton", people might assume it's a guy named "Dean", and not the Dean of the college (at least until you clarify that by calling him "the Dean"). These aren't huge issues, but it would help make the article feel more finished, especially for someone who might be vaguely aware of the show but not the finale. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:58, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Support - thanks for your work. Part of me wishes there was more of an "analysis" of the episode's role as a series finale, instead of just focusing on the episode alone. Perhaps when/if the movie comes out, there will be, but I can't ask for sources that don't exist. The article should represent available sources and be comprehensive, and it does do that. My only other small note is that the plot could probably just be one paragraph instead of five short ones, but that's really minor, and I can't find any reasons for opposing. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:14, 1 March 2026 (UTC)
Pokelego999 Comments
Saving my spot for later. Magneton Considerer: Pokelego999 (Talk) (Contribs) 18:54, 3 March 2026 (UTC)
-"and a third Black character" Who is this?
- No one, its a throwaway gag, he sits in the corner and doesn't have any lines
-"Chang creates Ice Cube Head, who eats phones and zaps people with his powers." Clarify if this is in real life or just a concept. Done
-"Vicki, Garrett, Leonard, Todd, Dave, and the new tech billionaire Scrunch." Are these all secondary characters from previous episodes of the show? Is it possible to link these characters if so?
- Opted to link List of Community characters#Recurring characters as some didn't have dedicated sections
-"features Joel McHale, Gillian Jacobs, Danny Pudi, Ken Jeong, Jim Rash, and Alison Brie as Jeff Winger, Britta Perry, Abed Nadir, Ben Chang, Craig Pelton, and Annie Edison, respectively" Is Alison Brie playing all of these characters? The phrasing is a bit confusing and would make more sense if the actors and characters were kept together. Done
-Can it be listed who Yvette Nicole Brown's character is at some point? Done
-Who is the Ass Crack Bandit? They are not elaborated on before their mention in Analysis. Done
- It could've been anyone of us
-Would it be possible to include a TV ratings box per other similar TV episode articles? It feels odd this doesn't have one given the number of high profile sources reviewing this.
- It was release on streaming so the viewership info for this, and the rest of season six, are unknown
-Praised is used a lot in the last paragraph, I'd suggest cutting down by one or two uses if possible. Done
-Why are low quality sources like Screen Rant and The Daily Beast being used?
- The Screen Rant writer is Alex Welch who has fairly extensive credits outside of SR. The Daily Beast source I think is fine as its not being used for BLP statements and was written by Chancellor Agard who has a fairly extensive portfolio outside of the site
-Citation 18 seems to be missing a lot of information.
- I added Gillian Jacobs' name, I don't know what else should be added
That's all from me. I'm going at this from the lens of someone unfamiliar with Community, so I'm missing a good deal of context. I feel I understood most of it, but the above should help with clarity and understanding. Overall pretty solid, once the above are addressed I'm happy to support. Ping me if I can clarify anything. Magneton Considerer: Pokelego999 (Talk) (Contribs) 02:56, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Pokelego999: done/responded to all Olliefant (she/her) 03:49, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
- -For 18, is it possible to include info on the DVD it was released on?
- -For the box, I meant something similar to what is used at various TV episode articles (For example, something like Knock Knock (Doctor Who) having the little "professional ratings" box that includes ratings from reviewers in reception).
- Otherwise I believe all is addressed. Magneton Considerer: Pokelego999 (Talk) (Contribs) 04:04, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
- I checked I don't think enough critics gave scores to justify the use of a box Olliefant (she/her) 04:30, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
- Support then, I believe all my issues have been addressed. Magneton Considerer: Pokelego999 (Talk) (Contribs) 06:03, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
- I checked I don't think enough critics gave scores to justify the use of a box Olliefant (she/her) 04:30, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments by PanagiotisZois
Wait, this is the "You can excuse racism?" show? Lol XD I've known about than meme for years. Might be worth to watch it after all this time. Anyhow, these are my comments. Since I know that you're not a fan of "Background" sections, I'm not going to suggest that and will try to work around that. Still, a few clarifications here and there are needed.--PanagiotisZois (talk) 09:39, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
- Lede
- I don't think the inclusion of "United States" in the lede's first paragraph is necessary. It might be better to just say "series finale of the American sitcom Community". Done
- "the sixth season follows them" feels a bit abrupt as a sentence following a comma. Maybe something like "and the sixth season follows" or "with the sixth season following" would work? Done
- Wait, if it's called the "Greendale Community College", why is it referred to as a school?
- I'm confused what you mean by this?
- Isn't school referring to grades 1 through 12, and college for bachelor's degrees and whatnot?--PanagiotisZois (talk) 11:36, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
- Both Elementary and University are schools
- I checked, and turns out that universities/colleges can be referred to as schools. The more you know.--PanagiotisZois (talk) 09:54, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- Both Elementary and University are schools
- In "In the episode, the group", you can include the episode's title; partly to avoid repetition of the word "episode". Done
- Same goes for the start of the next paragraph. Done
- Plot
- "At a bar, the characters imagine various 'season seven' scenarios set around the study table". Does this mean that they are sitting at a study table at the bar, or something else like their scenarios all taking place in the same location; the study table?
- tweaked it
- You bring up that Pelton is the college's dean, but don't mention what role the other characters have. Like, "struggles to articulate his pitch with Shirley, Elroy". Who are Shirley and Elroy?
- None of their roles are particulary notable
- "Jeff is about to leave in anger". Is a reason provided in the episode about his anger?
- He's not angry he's bored, this was a mistake on my part
- "Frankie is interrupted in a boring pitch where Chang farts" is confusing.
- Cut it as its mainly a throwaway gag
- "Jeff then suggests they all become teachers". Aren't they all already teachers?
- No
- "At the study room" is abrupt. Did the group disperse or something in the previous scene, and it changes to Jeff here?
- It just cuts to him there, I slightly tweaked the wording
- "the characters picturing their idyllic season seven". Not necessarily something that needs clarification, but I'm assuming they're all imagining the pitches they discussed earlier, correct?
- Not really, we don't see any of them Abed says something like "image your own season seven but don't cut to it"
- Analysis
- In which season do we find the episodes from 2011 and 12?
- Who is the Ass Crack Bandit?
- Its unknown, I don't think I can make it anymore clear
- "but the actors' contracts". Done
- "Yahoo! also expressed". The "also" isn't needed. Done
- "which shut down in 2016 with Community". Missing comma after 2016. Done
- Critical reception
- "Critics praised the episode for its tone feeling". A comma is missing near the last word. Donevf
- Screen Rant isn't considered a reliable source, given that it's Valnet.
- The Screen Rant writer is Alex Welch who has fairly extensive credits outside of SR.
- "praising the episode on its acting and emotion". Repetition of "episode". Done
- "it did not seem like Harmon and McKenna were particularly hopeful of a continuation of the series". Is this stated in the episode itself?
- No
- "if this ends up being the final time we see these characters" could be paraphrased.
- It could but there isn't too many quotes used
- "due to its frequent use of meta humor in the episode". No need for "in the episode".
- The series is known for meta humor so I think its justified
- "Writing for Time" is repetitive of the previous sentence's beginning. Done
- Same for Paste. Done
- "Both writing for Den of Geek". Use of "Both" is unnecessary. Done
- "comparing it to the first part of the season five finale, "Basic Story", which he heavily criticized" could probably reworked a bit. Given his praise for the episode, when one reads this sentence, it seems like he's drawing a parallel to "Basic Story" and its use of meta plot. But then the sentence shows he disliked that other episode. I think this part would work better as "Mater praised the episode's meta plot, favorably comparing it to the first part of the season five finale, "Basic Story". In contrast to "Basic Story"'s use of a meta plot, which he described as "obnoxiously smug", Mater viewed "Emotional Consequences of Broadcast Television" as more self-critical and acknowledging of Community's faults". Done
- Doesn't Harrison have an opinion on the episode? Done
- One criticism I have about this section is that while for the most part it is well-written and doesn't need much work, there's not really much of a thematic flow of information; nor are any topic sentences present. If possible, separating the sources by something like one paragraph being mostly about sources describing the episode as among the best or a fitting series finale, then discussing the episode's meta humour/plot, and then the characters' personalities and relationships, would be nice. Or something akin to that.
Support--PanagiotisZois (talk) 00:30, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
A few quick comments from Spy-cicle
Great to see this episode worked on up to FAC. Unfortunately, I do not have time for a full review, but I have a few comments:
- I originally added the fire drill sentence from the director commentary a few years ago. It's been a 5 years since I have listened to it, but I am pretty sure it contains more production info.
- Worth adding images of director Rob Schrab and co-writer Chris McKenna (writer) as they have freely available images on Commons?
- Probably better to include the release via Yahoo Screen in the production than the reception.
Regards Spy-cicle💥 Talk? 02:55, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- I implemented the second two suggestions, I can not for the first as I do not have access to the DVD commentary as the Community box set doesnt have commentary for season six Olliefant (she/her) 22:35, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, thanks for addressing the second two suggestions. Apologies for the delay in responding. Is there anyway you can try accessing the source by contacting other editors in the related Wikiprojects or Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request or otherwise? I did try searching for the source myself as I no longer have personal access to it. It is available on the Blu-Ray version. Because it really is a critical source for writing the production section in ensuring the article meets 1.b and 1.c (comprehensive and well-researched). Spy-cicle💥 Talk? 16:32, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- I don't think so, the commetatires are decent sources of trivia but not really anything particularly in depth Olliefant (she/her) 22:02, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi, thanks for addressing the second two suggestions. Apologies for the delay in responding. Is there anyway you can try accessing the source by contacting other editors in the related Wikiprojects or Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request or otherwise? I did try searching for the source myself as I no longer have personal access to it. It is available on the Blu-Ray version. Because it really is a critical source for writing the production section in ensuring the article meets 1.b and 1.c (comprehensive and well-researched). Spy-cicle💥 Talk? 16:32, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
Source review by Z1720
- I made some edits while checking. Feel free to revert if not helpful.
- Recommend archiving sources, perhaps using IA Bot, though it has to be done when it is not busy.
- Ref 3: Add "Writers Guild of America West" to the website name instead of the URL.
- Ref 9: Published on May 31, 2015. Date should be added to the ref
- Ref 15: published on Jan 3, 2014.
- Ref 17: source says it was published June 2, 2015, though I don't have access to the full source (due to a paywall)
- Ref 31: There are three authors of that source and Darren Franich wrote the blurb for this episode's entry on the list.
- Ref 34: Could not find the author's name in the source.
- Sepinwall and Poniewozik are the only authors wikilinked in the refs. Either every author with a wikilink should be linked, or none of them should be.
- Source check: checked 8, 9, 12, 16, 20, 22, 23, 24, 33, 34. No concerns.
Please ping when ready for a response. Z1720 (talk) 18:18, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Z1720: done all, AFAIK every author with an article is wikilinked Olliefant (she/her) 22:44, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments by RunningTiger123
Note: I have a decent number of edits to this page, but I haven't been particularly involved in improving this article to GA/FA status.
- "As another school year ends... As the group makes summer plans..." – bit repetitive to use the same sentence opening back-to-back
- "questions whether there will be a seventh season" – I suggest "questions whether they will return for another year" to better reflect in-universe events
- "The service shut down in 2016..." – as written, this sentence is irrelevant to this episode
- "most prominently," – remove this comma
- "first and only time TV-MA was used" – TV-MA is jargon, try to avoid it (also, this claim isn't directly supported by citations)
- "Yahoo!" should always just be "Yahoo" for consistency
- Use {{"'}} for ""Basic Story"'s"
- You list the year of broadcast for episodes in the Analysis section, but not the Reception section; I think you should remove them everywhere for consistency (seasons are enough to date the episodes)
- "the tenth-best episode" → "Community's tenth-best episode" for clarity as to the grouping
— RunningTiger123 (talk) 05:04, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- @RunningTiger123: done all Olliefant (she/her) 06:31, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- I made a minor tweak, otherwise support as is. RunningTiger123 (talk) 21:25, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
Source review
These seem to be mostly magazine and news sources, where one wonders about "high quality" but I guess unless someone pushes the issue it's fine. Formatting seems consistent. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 10:22, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Which ones do you question the quality of? I've addressed a few questionable sources above (namely Screen Rant and The Daily Beast Olliefant (she/her) 02:56, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- This wasn't an observation about specific sources, sorry. Here's a bit of background on the issue. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 11:45, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
Comments by FrB.TG
- Shouldn't the critical reception come before the analysis section? You first establish how the world reacted to the work before diving deep into the DNA of the work itself.
- The critical reception section currently feels formulaic due to the repetitive 'A said B' structure. To create a more engaging narrative, I recommend thematic synthesis: group the critiques by topic (e.g., performance, direction, or pacing) rather than by reviewer. This will allow for a clearer comparison of viewpoints and help the reader identify the consensus or points of contention more efficiently. See WP:RECEPTION for more details. FrB.TG (talk) 21:09, 26 March 2026 (UTC)
- Olliefant ? Gog the Mild (talk) 19:02, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Oh my bad, I've been busy recently and this slipped my mind. I'll get to this when I have a chance (hopefully with a day or so?) Olliefant (she/her) 03:02, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- *Cough!* Gog the Mild (talk) 19:31, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- so sorry about the delay, give me two more days and if I can't finish it by then then fail it Olliefant (she/her) 01:53, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Gog the Mild and FrB.TG: done. Olliefant (she/her) 06:07, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hi FrB.TG. You happy? And who's closing this? :-) Gog the Mild (talk) 20:01, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- Gog the Mild, I think at this point it's best that I recuse given my involvement as a reviewer.
- Regarding my comments, the introductory lines Olliefant has added to each paragraph are a great improvement though most of the sentences still follow a repetitive 'Critic A of B said' pattern. I'd try leading with the critique itself or grouping similar feedback together through paraphrasing, if possible (beware of WP:SYNTH though). It would make the writing feel much more dynamic. Also, my first point seems to remain unadressed. FrB.TG (talk) 20:18, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- @FrB.TG: I've made a few tweaks and shuffled things around a bit, as for your first point. The vast majority of articles on episodes place reception last. Usual order is plot > production > analysis > broadcast info > reception though not all articles have all of them (this one doesn't have a broadcast section since it released on streaming) Olliefant (she/her) 07:40, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- Going to chime in here as someone who frequently incorporates Analysis sections into their episode articles; it seems to be standard procedure to put Analysis after Production and before Release or Reception. Really, it’s more of a companion to the Plot section than anything, since the section serves to offer commentary on the episode’s contents and narrative, not add further critical reception, which is what Reception is for. Crystal Drawers 🎖️ (wanna talk?) 12:24, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- @FrB.TG: I've made a few tweaks and shuffled things around a bit, as for your first point. The vast majority of articles on episodes place reception last. Usual order is plot > production > analysis > broadcast info > reception though not all articles have all of them (this one doesn't have a broadcast section since it released on streaming) Olliefant (she/her) 07:40, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- *Cough!* Gog the Mild (talk) 19:31, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Oh my bad, I've been busy recently and this slipped my mind. I'll get to this when I have a chance (hopefully with a day or so?) Olliefant (she/her) 03:02, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- Olliefant ? Gog the Mild (talk) 19:02, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'm afraid the section still relies heavily on the "A said B" structure and lacks a cohesive narrative flow, often feeling like a list of bullet points turned into paragraphs. For example, consider this paragraph.
The episode’s use of self-referential humor was the most widely praised element. Stedman described the episode as “unapologetically meta” and praised the comedy.[33] Time's James Poniewozik relished the episode's concept for its imaginative meta humor.[34] Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly cited the end tag as a highlight of the meta elements of both the episode and Community overall. He found the episode to be a funny deconstruction of the series.[2] In a separate Den of Geek review, Joe Mater praised the plot favorably comparing it to the plotline of the season five finale, "Basic Story", which he described as "obnoxiously smug", Mater viewed "Emotional Consequences of Broadcast Television" as more self-critical and acknowledging of Community's faults.[35] Poniewozik described the series as both its "best critic" and "best defender".[34]
- Nearly every sentence follows the "[Writer] of [Publication] said [Quote]" formula here. You even have the opportunity to group the reviews about the critics liking the meta-humor instead of repetitively listing them individually. Please note that the paragraph I highlighted is just an example of the repetitive structure. It applies to pretty much the entire section at the moment.
- ""Emotional Consequences of Broadcast Television" received critical acclaim, with critics praising its tone, humor, and plot, and many finding it a perfect ending for the series." Repetition of critic.
- Joshua Alston of The A.V. Club, who graded the episode an "A" rating, labeling the acting and emotion as high points, noting how the pitches worked well at showing off the characters' differences. This sentence is a fragment. It's a long string of descriptors, but it lacks a main verb (the action). Because you used "who graded" and "labeling," the sentence never actually completes its thought.
- Alex Welch of Screen Rant highlighted the pitches as funny and revealing of the characters' psychology, the cameos, and the "emotionally cathartic" moment of Jeff standing alone at the study group table. This suffers from faulty parallelism. You are listing three things that Alex Welch highlighted, but they aren't phrased in the same way, which makes the sentence feel clunky.
- These two books discuss the episode. Have you considered using them in the article?
I'm afraid I have to oppose this nomination on criterion 1a. FrB.TG (talk) 22:18, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- @FrB.TG: I did a little more shuffling and combined a few lines. I tried to use the opening paragraph to knock out some of the author introductions, to avoid the "X's Y" format. I think I've kept it to a minimum while still preserving thoughts that the individual critics give. I considered using those books, but I can't access them, from the overview it doesn't seem any more detailed than the reviews used in the article Olliefant (she/her) 03:19, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
Bicentennial Capitol Mall State Park
This article is about a public park in Nashville, Tennessee, adjacent to the Tennessee State Capitol that was created to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the statehood of Tennessee in 1996. While the park faced challenges in its early years, it has since been recognized as a unique and valuable outdoor museum that showcases the state's history, land, people, and musical heritage. My goal is to promote this article to appear as today's featured article on June 1, which will be the park's 30th anniversary and the 230th anniversary of Tennessee's admission to the Union. Bneu2013 (talk) 10:23, 9 February 2026 (UTC)
Olliefant
- In the Infobox, [Nashville], [Tennessee], [United States] is an MOS:GEOLINK violation
- Fixed.
- Two MOS:LEADCITE violations
- Are these the dates?
- [CSX] [mainline] is an MOS:SOB violation
- Fixed.
- "recognizes Governors Ned McWherter and Don Sundquist" list the years they were in office
- Done - let me know if you think my change is adequate.
- "one of the park's architects" missing a period
- Fixed.
"three Grand Divisions of Tennessee" which are?
- Provided a brief description.
- Under Legacy and events, link "Oktoberfest" on first mention
- Done.
- "in the Germantown neighborhood" link to Germantown Historic District
- Done - also mentioned that the park borders this district in the Description section.
- That's what I found ping me when done Olliefant (she/her) 07:20, 10 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Olliefant: - fixed and responded. Bneu2013 (talk) 10:42, 10 February 2026 (UTC)
- Refs 1 and two appear in the lead. Also just noticed Tennessee isn't linked in the lead Olliefant (she/her) 11:04, 10 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Olliefant: - Fixed. Also, thanks for pointing out the missing lead link. I'd noticed that myself, but totally forgot about it. Bneu2013 (talk) 11:32, 10 February 2026 (UTC)
- Support Olliefant (she/her) 11:33, 10 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Olliefant: - Fixed. Also, thanks for pointing out the missing lead link. I'd noticed that myself, but totally forgot about it. Bneu2013 (talk) 11:32, 10 February 2026 (UTC)
- Refs 1 and two appear in the lead. Also just noticed Tennessee isn't linked in the lead Olliefant (she/her) 11:04, 10 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Olliefant: - fixed and responded. Bneu2013 (talk) 10:42, 10 February 2026 (UTC)
JuniperChill
While I'm not going to fully review this (and its my first time properly reviewing an FAC), I think, for the first paragraph outside the lead, some links should be changed. For instance, I don't think on-street parking should be linked as its pretty much self-explanatory.
And where it says "Nashville Farmer's Market", the link should be removed as I expect it to lead to the article about the farmer's market in Nashville, not about farmer's market in general (and Nashville Farmer's Market is a redlink). I also changed a couple of - (hyphens) to – (en dashes) to comply with MOS:RANGE JuniperChill (talk) 18:05, 10 February 2026 (UTC)
- @JuniperChill: - Cut the links as suggested. Also added en-dashes to citation page numbers. Bneu2013 (talk) 03:48, 11 February 2026 (UTC)
- @JuniperChill: - Do you have any more comments for this review Bneu2013 (talk) 10:40, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Bneu2013: Sorry, I forgot to reply earlier as I have been so busy with work/holiday since December. As I said earlier, I don't have much FAC experience although I have reviewed/nominated several GAs. But anyway, why are there hyphens linking imperial units, but not metric? eg "200-by-50-foot (60 by 20 m)". I think it should be consistent for both to have hyphens. I have also made an edit regarding MOS:TIME JuniperChill (talk) 16:04, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
- I don't really know. Must be something to do with the formatting of the template. I'll look and see if I can find out more. Bneu2013 (talk) 18:24, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
- Oh yeah, I didn't know templates exist for converting metric to imperial. Its because i tend to do that manually, and I (kinda) know how to convert between metric and imperial units in my head such as 1mile = 1.6km. At other times, I Google it. Its a fair game, so I'm for now leaving it as it is. I'll wait until others have reviewed/commented on this FAC. JuniperChill (talk) 18:40, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
- After Hurricanehink's thorough review, I'll give this one a support! JuniperChill (talk) 23:43, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
- Oh yeah, I didn't know templates exist for converting metric to imperial. Its because i tend to do that manually, and I (kinda) know how to convert between metric and imperial units in my head such as 1mile = 1.6km. At other times, I Google it. Its a fair game, so I'm for now leaving it as it is. I'll wait until others have reviewed/commented on this FAC. JuniperChill (talk) 18:40, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
- I don't really know. Must be something to do with the formatting of the template. I'll look and see if I can find out more. Bneu2013 (talk) 18:24, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Bneu2013: Sorry, I forgot to reply earlier as I have been so busy with work/holiday since December. As I said earlier, I don't have much FAC experience although I have reviewed/nominated several GAs. But anyway, why are there hyphens linking imperial units, but not metric? eg "200-by-50-foot (60 by 20 m)". I think it should be consistent for both to have hyphens. I have also made an edit regarding MOS:TIME JuniperChill (talk) 16:04, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
- @JuniperChill: - Do you have any more comments for this review Bneu2013 (talk) 10:40, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
Review from Hurricanehink
Having been to Nashville, I wish I knew there was a park there, it would be the only ten-I-see... (might not be the last dumb joke, apologies</ref> I mean </small>!)
- Lead/infobox
- Be sure to add alt text to the infobox and to all images in the article.
- Done - please let me know if you think the text I added is adequate. Bneu2013 (talk) 20:04, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- That looks good. I wasn't sure, did you add alt text for the gallery too? ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 04:16, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- Done - please let me know if you think the text I added is adequate. Bneu2013 (talk) 20:04, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- "The park is located on 19 acres (77,000 m2) north-northwest of the Tennessee State Capitol, and functions as an outdoor museum that uses symbolism to showcase the history, geography, culture, and musical heritage of Tennessee through a series of monuments and interpretive displays. " - several issues
- 19 acres - Considering you use "feet" a lot in the article, and I don't know what an acre is, would you consider using square feet
- The sources use acres, so converting this to square feet would probably be synthesis, as I doubt it's perfectly 19 acres. Bneu2013 (talk) 16:41, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- I believe that WP:Routine calculation covers this, if you chose to display it in square feet instead of acres, especially since acres and ft are interchangeable. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 04:16, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- north-northwest - this seems to be contradicted later when it says - It is situated directly north of the hill that contains the Tennessee State Capitol, which is distinctly visible from the park.
- It's oriented in a north-northwest to south-southeast direction. So pretty close to directly north of the capitol, but not perfectly. It's close enough, though, that most sources just refer to it as being north of the capitol. This is the part that gets more technical and precise. Bneu2013 (talk) 16:41, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Part of my quibble was searching where in the article it verifies this. The lead should be consistent with the rest of the article. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 04:16, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- The part "functions as an outdoor" could be its own sentence, so the first part could be more detailed. Since the lead is on the short side, I think you could go into a bit more detail. For example, the park is across the street from the Capitol, right?
- "2.5 million visitors" - be sure to have nonbreaking spaces
- "The park is modeled on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., and was first conceptualized during the planning for the state of Tennessee's bicentennial commemoration. " - I'm a stickler to avoid passive voice whenever I can, and a bit more to the lead would be useful. I suggest splitting this into two, first about the planning for the state's bicentennial. Also, I suggest adding the architect here.
- "Additional features that had been planned for the park were added in the succeeding years" - the wording is a bit awkward, at first I thought something like - "Original features of the park's design were added". But then I saw the last part, "The incorporation of these entities into the mall complex fulfilled design concepts that were first envisioned during the initial planning of the park." So maybe some reordering?
- There is a difference here, which is discussed in the history section. There were some features that were part of the plan for the park (the carillon, Pathway of Volunteers, complete history wall, etc.) that had to be deferred because of state budget issues and the complexity of the project. However, the architects also envisioned the park being eventually surrounded by state cultural facilities, which was not a definite plan, just an idea. Bneu2013 (talk) 16:41, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- "...and the park initially struggled with maintenance difficulties and underuse" - again, as part of expanding on the lead, I suggest splitting this into its own sentence (even if that might remove a word). Flow-wise, it feels separate.
Working - Bneu2013 (talk) 20:05, 24 February 2026 (UTC)- Update - I merged this into the succeeding sentence. I think it works better there. Bneu2013 (talk) 18:47, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- I still think this sentence could be split into two. Remember that not every reader is going to be college-educated, or even speak English as their first language. Sometimes it's good to be thorough and simplify wording, especially in the lead. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:59, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
Will continue later. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 05:20, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Description
- "The 19-acre (77,000 m2) park is the smallest of Tennessee's state parks." - I don't see where in this source it says that, but I could be missing something.
- "and the entire park is easily accessible by foot or bike" - I was looking up in ref 4 to verify this, but I was having difficulty accessing the link. Could you verify the part where this is contained in the ref?
- I've rearranged the refs. This is another minor error that happened when I was expanding the section. The difference between this park and most other state parks is that it is accessible pretty much from all sides, whereas most parks only have one or two distinct entrances. Bneu2013 (talk) 18:34, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- Check the link for Zero Milestone, as that's for the one in DC. I think Zero mile marker is more appropriate here.
- "A 300-foot-long (91 m) steel railroad trestle that carries a mainline railroad operated by CSX Transportation crosses the park directly south of the map plaza." - grammar is a bit awkward here. I suggest reorganizing.
- "The trestle is painted white to
helpreflect light onto the area beneath and complement the surrounding aesthetics, and the columns extend slightly outward from top to bottom to correspond with a previous wooden trestle that once occupied the site." - another long sentence that should be split in two. Also cut "help"- Fixed. Please let me know what you think of it. Bneu2013 (talk) 18:22, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- It still has "help" in "help reflect light", but the help isn't needed. It's still only one sentence. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:59, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed. Please let me know what you think of it. Bneu2013 (talk) 18:22, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- There are a few instances where the sentence doesn't have a clear subject/verb order. For example:
- "At the north end of the lawn is an elevated circular granite monument"
- "On each face of the octagonal granite base are inscriptions"
- "On the north end of the monument are stone seats that recognize the sponsors of the memorial."
-
- "On the north end of the monument, stone seats recognize the sponsors of the memorial." ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:59, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- "and was built with 17,000 pavers" - exactly? Also, be sure to have non-breaking spaces for all numbers and units (especially ones not covered by the convert template). Other examples include:
- "5,731 Tennesseans"
- "An obelisk detailing the history of the Tennessee State Capitol is also located along here." - rather than "here", I suggest reminding the readers where this was.
- "These are part of the Charles Warterfield Reliquary" - I've never heard of Reliquary, so I suggest adding what that is
- "This pathway is
actuallydivided into two main sections" - "A series of cracks and shifts in the wall symbolizes the political division among Tennesseans during the American Civil War. " - good, interesting bit, but perhaps link Tennessee in the American Civil War?
- "A time capsule on the plaza will be opened on November 11, 2045." - is there a significance to that date?
Continuing later. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 04:16, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Hurricanehink: - I think I've responded to all your comments so far. Bneu2013 (talk) 19:08, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- History
- "McWherter was reportedly skeptical about the project when Hall first discussed it with him" - this is the sort of thing that would be interesting in the lead, since the lead is so short still.
- Non-breaking spaces for "95 county seats" and "3,000 watts", and make sure all other units have non-breaking spaces.
- Legacy
- "and has come to be the most visited state park in Tennessee." - is this covered by the source?
- "Over 200,000 people attend the event each year." - can you get a more recent source than 2022? Also I couldn't access the first link, so could you quote the part in the source that verifies this?
- This source says 205,000, so it hasn't changed much. The Tennessean source is archived at Archive.today, but it looks like links to this site aren't allowed on Wikipedia anymore. This source doesn't say the number who attended; it just verifies the year that the event was first held in Bicentennial Mall. I've moved it to verify this. Bneu2013 (talk) 02:51, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
- "Over the years the Nashville Oktoberfest festival has moved into the park. Originally held completely in the Germantown neighborhood northeast of the park, portions of the festival have moved into the park as the celebration has grown." - I'm not seeing this in the sources provided.
- "Since 2004, the mall has hosted the Tennessee History Festival, now called the Tennessee Timeline. " - since the second source was in 2015 and called it the Tennessee History Festival, was it renamed to Tennessee Timeline after 2015?
In all, the article is thorough, which is a good thing. Just some minor issues with sourcing here or there, but nothing substantial. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:53, 25 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Hurricanehink: - I think I've addressed all your comments now. Bneu2013 (talk) 04:01, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
- Support - thanks for all of your fixes! Looks good. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:30, 27 February 2026 (UTC)
Review by ZKang123
It's a bit long since I properly reviewed an FAC. I actually want to bring another article to FA soon, but thought of reviewing others' entries first.
Lead
First, I find the lead a bit lacking in clarity and a bit too brief to be an adequate summary of the article. I'm reading this from a non-American perspective.
- I don't disagree. I've been on the fence about this, and trying to think about what I could add. I've thought about putting something in there about how the park is located near the site where Nashville was first settled. Bneu2013 (talk) 11:42, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- and is considered an extension of the capitol grounds. – considered by whom? Is this claim by multiple sources or only a few parties (e.g. the park/planners etc)?
- It was first conceptualized in the late 1980s when planning commenced for the state of Tennessee's bicentennial commemoration – Might mention here who were involved and who conceptualised the plans first. Also, is this commemoration led by the city or state government or both?
- This is a tough one. The plan that ultimately materialized largely came about from the ideas of John Bridges in 1988. However, he wasn't the first person to propose a green space in this location, and as early as the 1950s and 1960s, there were definitely people who sought to preserve the view to the north of the capitol. Hinton explicitly says in his book that it is unknown who first has the idea for a greenspace in this location; just that bridges was probably the first one to propose a facility close enough to what was ultimately built. This is discussed extensively in the history section. I'll definitely add something about the view preservation efforts here. What would you recommend I do? Bneu2013 (talk) 11:42, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
- the plan faced skepticism from planners at first. I suppose "planners" refer to the city planners
- Additional features that were planned for the park were initially delayed due to funding constraints, but were added in the succeeding years. Additional features such as?
- The lead should also mention the site was formerly a landfill.
Description
Description section is generally well-written and very descriptive. Though (and this is more of a personal preference) I might split the paragraphs a bit more, but that isn't necessary.
- Are there more sources to support the claim it's the "smallest of Tennessee's state parks"?
- The park's architects' original stated theme was "the land, the people, and the music of Tennessee" There's no new theme?
- The mall has its borders defined by Won't The mall is bordered by be better?
- It is considered an extension of the capitol grounds I can't find this supported by Ref 4
- South of the map is the Zero Milestone marker, which contains the "T-Dot", As in, inscribed with "T-Dot"?
Pretty sure it's just a dot; I'm not sure if it's inscribed with this or not. I'll have to take a look. Bneu2013 (talk) 11:53, 7 March 2026 (UTC)- Update - Here is a picture of this marker. It has a small raised circle with an inscribed "T" and smaller letters "DOT" below. The "T-Dot" is a nickname for this part of the marker. I'm thinking of rewording it to which contains the "T-Dot", a small round raised marker that is a nod to the Tennessee Department of Transportation. However, I don't personally have any problem with the current wording. Bneu2013 (talk) 02:49, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
- on each side contain the years "1796" and "1996" on the left and right abutments, respectively. Similar comment as above
- Tennessee Flag, each of which is surrounded by eight 5-by-8-foot (1.5 by 2.4 m) state flags – The state flags are also the Tennessee Flag itself right?
- who oversaw construction of the park – who oversaw the park's construction
- Pathway of Volunteers, which alludes to Tennessee's nickname "The Volunteer State". Is it because of the people who volunteered in various militias and forces?
Will continue reviewing.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 10:23, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
History
- Union troops seized control of the undefended city on February 25, 1862, and thousands of troops quickly poured into the city – A slight rewrite to The Union seized control of the undefended city on February 25, 1862, and thousands of Union troops quickly poured into the city
- Might also clarify that Tennessee was part of the Confederacy during the Civil War (because non-Americans don't really know which state belonged to which side)
- additional residences and businesses occupied the site. – might just say more residencies and businesses...
- The view to the north, however, remained unobstructed, partly due to the historically swampy lands that were less suitable for high-rise construction, and a movement arose to preserve this Was it clear who led this movement? Also, the last part "a movement arose to preserve this" felt a bit dangling
- Not really. There doesn't really appear to have been an organized movement until the late 1980s when the plans for the mall began to materialize. For example, there wasn't a nonprofit organization founded to advocate for this. I'm sure there were people who saw the new construction and wanted to preserve the view from the start, but only talked about it. I've reworded to clarify that there wasn't an organized movement. Bneu2013 (talk) 14:09, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- also continued to slip into decline, "slip into decline" sounds a bit puffery. Might just go with "continued to deteriorate" or "remained in decline".
- the growth in the size of the state government. – the growth of the state government (structure).
- assisted by preparing a plan for a new state office park – assisted planning for a new...
- who contacted then-Governor "then" is unnecessary
- how to develop a plan for a park – how to develop a park
- the farmer's market would need to relocated – the farmer's market would need to be relocated
- In early 1993, state and city officials agreed to the site for the new farmer's market I assume this refers to the site around Rosa L. Parks Boulevard (then 8th Avenue)
- The architects intended the park to be, in effect, an outdoor museum "in effect" is redundant.
- Initial concepts for the design of the mall were reported by the local press in March 1993 "local press" but only cited to The Tennessean. Are there other newspaper coverage?
- Very likely, but unfortunately The Tennessean is the only local newspaper with online archives from this time. The Nashville Banner likely covered it. I've checked to see if it was covered by any other state newspapers at this time, but haven't found anything. I do know other state newspapers covered the plans later that year when they were unveiled to the public and approved. Bneu2013 (talk) 16:22, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- What's also missing in the section so far is the projected cost of the project
This is something I've been debating because the sources don't make this very clear. I've seen multiple figures for the projected initial and final cost. I do know that the final cost was approximately double what was initially projected. Hinton doesn't even mention a figure in his book, although he does discuss the overruns. I can dig into this some more; I'll likely end up having to list a range of figures. Bneu2013 (talk) 16:29, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- A final roadblock ensued when city officials would not agree to the small roundabouts at 6th and 7th Avenue with Harrison Street. This was resolved when the state agreed to assume control of these roads. Are there reasons why the city officials were opposed to the roundabouts, and how its resolved simply because the state would assume control of these roads?
- I wish I knew. The source doesn't go into much detail about this, and the local press doesn't even appear to have covered this. My guess would be that the city may have thought that drivers would have trouble adjusting to the new design since roundabouts were new to Tennessee at this time. In fact, I don't think there were any roundabouts in Tennessee then. Maybe they just didn't want to build them, but weren't going to put up a fight if the state wanted to build them. I'll have to pull out the book and take a look at this again. Bneu2013 (talk) 16:33, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- Update: Here is the text from the source: "A final challenge arose when Metro traffic officials would not accept the proposed small roundabouts on Sixth and Seventh Avenues, ones designed to slow cars and discourage large trucks. The state solved this roadblock by simply taking the streets, creating a mammoth single parcel of uninterrupted property from Fifth to Eighth Avenues and later establishing perhaps the first traffic circles in Nashville." I'm not sure there's much I can do with that. Bneu2013 (talk) 22:18, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- I wish I knew. The source doesn't go into much detail about this, and the local press doesn't even appear to have covered this. My guess would be that the city may have thought that drivers would have trouble adjusting to the new design since roundabouts were new to Tennessee at this time. In fact, I don't think there were any roundabouts in Tennessee then. Maybe they just didn't want to build them, but weren't going to put up a fight if the state wanted to build them. I'll have to pull out the book and take a look at this again. Bneu2013 (talk) 16:33, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- This resulted in an abandonment of plans for state office buildings along the mall, which gave hope to advocates of the construction of other state cultural facilities along the mall This part is quite chunky. Might rewrite: The plans to build state office buildings along the mall were hence abandoned, raising hopes among advocates for the development of other state cultural facilities in the area.
- By that same month, the project had already gone over budget would mention by how much if sources state
- allowing for demolition of the old structure at the north end of the site to proceed. "To proceed" is unnecessary
- It was officially dedicated on October 21 What does it mean by "officially dedicated"? As in, the formal opening of the new market?
- Concerns were raised about whether or not the park would be ready for public use for the bicentennial festivities Where are these concerns raised and by whom?
Working. Pretty sure they were raised by state officials; I'm going to have to pull out the book again. Bneu2013 (talk) 16:45, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- was the final element of the original planned vision for the mall complex. "planned" is unnecessary
- The park also experienced operational challenges in its early years, and state agencies had disagreements about the maintenance of the landscape – The park also faced operational challenges in its early years, with state agencies disagreeing over responsibility for landscape maintenance.
- The Rivers of Tennessee Fountains quickly became clogged due to sunscreen, and periodically malfunctioned. – The Rivers of Tennessee Fountains soon became clogged by sunscreen residue and experienced periodic malfunctions.
- On April 16, 1998, a tornado that was part of a larger outbreak damaged the roof of the farmer's market. – On April 16, 1998, a tornado from a larger outbreak damaged the roof of the farmer's market.
- The original pipes to the fountains were replaced original is redundant
- and the fountains were further upgraded in a project between October 2006 and June 2007 that replaced the granite rigs surrounding each fountain, restored the surrounding concrete pavement, and upgraded the drainage system Think this should be split, cos this is kinda two parts about the project and you tried to tie one part to the former statement
- a project began to enhance lighting and electrical systems – a project was launched...
Legacy and events
- The lead mentioned about the 2.5 million visitors but not here.
Will comment more on the lead later.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 11:36, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi ZKang123, is this still to come? Ta. Gog the Mild (talk) 21:38, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hey, the "lead rewrite" is actually my comments on the lead. Heh. Also I alr gave my support.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 22:24, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Gog the Mild: - I thought I might ping you and let you know that I've effectively addressed all the remaining issues that have been raised. Bneu2013 (talk) 01:59, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Noted. I am waiting for the image and source reviews to close before looking at this further. Gog the Mild (talk) 13:21, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Gog the Mild: - I thought I might ping you and let you know that I've effectively addressed all the remaining issues that have been raised. Bneu2013 (talk) 01:59, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hey, the "lead rewrite" is actually my comments on the lead. Heh. Also I alr gave my support.--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 22:24, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi ZKang123, is this still to come? Ta. Gog the Mild (talk) 21:38, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
Lead rewrite
Here's my proposed rewrite of the lead. The first paragraph has no issues, but I will expand more details in the second.
The site of the Mall was previously occupied/settled by German immigrants, and the area was known as Germantown. When Nashville became the permanent state capital, the state capitol building was constructed on the hill south of the site. The French Lick Creek. which flowed through the site, became contaminated with garbage and raw sewage, and was later channelized and buried in a brick sewer tunnel. The area fell into disrepair and became a red light district, and the German immigrants moved away during World War I. Many structures on and around the site were subsequently demolished as part of a large-scale urban renewal project funded by the Housing Act of 1949.
A large office complex was initially planned for the site to accommodate the enlarged Tennessee Government. Plans subsequently shifted to construct a linear park for the state of Tennessee's bicentennial commemoration, although this plan faced skepticism from state planners at first. The park was designed by Tuck Hinton Architects in 1992 and 1993, and required coordination with several state agencies. Groundbreaking occurred on June 27, 1994, and the park was dedicated on June 1, 1996, the 200th anniversary of Tennessee's statehood.
Additional features that were planned for the park, including a carillon and a walkway recognizing donors, were initially delayed due to funding constraints, but were added in the succeeding years. The park struggled with maintenance difficulties and underuse in its early years. Since then, it has been recognized as a cultural and historical landmark. In 2018, the Tennessee State Museum moved to the northwest corner of the park, followed in 2021 by the Tennessee State Library and Archives, which moved to the northeast corner of the park. The incorporation of these entities into the mall complex fulfilled design concepts that were first envisioned during the initial planning of the park.
What do you think?--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 04:44, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks. That looks good. I had actually planned to start writing a new lead in my draft space, but this should work. I just need to read it over again and possibly make a few tweaks. Bneu2013 (talk) 16:58, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
Happy to support. (Btw, I have State of Singapore (Malaysia) up on GAN and appreciate any reviews on it).--ZKang123 (talk · contribs) 01:54, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
- Thanks for the thorough review! I still have a couple of GANs myself, and can take a look at yours tomorrow. Bneu2013 (talk) 03:09, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
Support Comments from Noleander
- I'm coming to this nomination from Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/FAC urgents
- ISBN: Albright, Edward (1909). Early History of Middle Tennessee. Nashville: Brandon Printing Company. pp. 18–19. ISBN 1166645126 –.... ISBNs were not invented until 1970, so this source must have been a reprint (or 2nd edition) from after 1970. The source description should describe the reprint, not the original edition. In the "cite booK" template, see field "year" and "orig-year" .. .you can use both for a single source.
- What is the status of the potential image sandwiching issue raised below? (Image sandwiching can happen in any section where there are images on both left and right side. ...).
- P vs PP error p. 47, 161
- Wording "While major components of the original design of the mall were missing at its dedication, ..." would "incomplete" be better? Some reader may interpret "missing" as permanently and/or deliberately omitted.
- Gallery vs link to Commons? There is a link to Wiki commons at the bottom of the article. Not sure if the gallery in the article is in the spirit of WP:GALLERY which says:
- "In articles that have several images, they are typically placed individually near the relevant text .... Wikipedia is not an image repository. A gallery is not a tool to shoehorn images into an article, and a gallery consisting of an indiscriminate collection of images of the article subject should generally either be improved in accordance with the below paragraphs or moved to Wikimedia Commons. Generally, a gallery or cluster of images should not be added so long as there is space for images to be effectively presented adjacent to text. A gallery section may be appropriate in some Wikipedia articles if a collection of images can illustrate aspects of a subject that cannot be easily or adequately described by text or individual images."
- Are you confident that the images in the gallery are essential, and not simply replicating the function & purpose of Wiki Commons?
- I think they are essential per the "if a collection of images can illustrate aspects of a subject that cannot be easily or adequately described by text or individual images" part. Since this park has so many important symbolic features, we simply cannot include images of all of them in the body. This is common in articles about parks, structures, and other places that have lots of artistic features. Minnesota State Capitol, a GA, is an example. Furthermore, each of the features in this park serves a distinct symbolic purpose, as opposed to being just an indiscriminate collection of art. Bneu2013 (talk) 23:56, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Capitalization of source titles: WP:CITEVAR and other guidelines require a uniform capitalization approach for source titles (and ignore how the source titles itself). I see some variation:
- Title caps: Lunch and Learn: Bicentennial Mall: How the Park Created a Cultural Destination
- Sentence caps: "'Extensive' renovation project to begin at Bicentennial Mall next week"
- I'm not seeing a uniform rule ... is there one? Simplest is to pick one or the other and use it for all titles.
- @Noleander: - Sorry about the delayed response; I've been busy the last few days. I moved the images in the walkways section to more relevant parts, and moved the second images in the other two sections farther down. Does this solve the problem? As I understand, there was text sandwiched between two images, correct? I also prefer to alternate the alignment of images. Bneu2013 (talk) 12:39, 25 March 2026 (UTC)
- Support on prose and MOS. The two remaining image copyright issues have been resolved (one was removed from article; other is free-to-use). I have not done an image review or source review. Noleander (talk) 00:13, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
Image and source review
Some sections have WP:SANDWICH issues on my screen. File:Bicentennial Mall sketch 1993.png are you sure that it significantly increases the understanding of the article topic (rather than of a subtopic)? File:2010 Flood High Water Mark.jpg might need a note about the monument's copyright (as do other files). There is a "Albright (1909), pp. 49–50 harvp error: no target: CITEREFAlbright1909 (help) Harv error: link from CITEREFAlbright1909 doesn't point to any citation." error. This source is apparently broken. What makes https://thefactfile.org/ a reliable source? I must qualify that with so many diverse sources, I am not 100% certain on what's reliable and what's not. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 10:04, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: - Here are my replies to each comment:
- I don't see any sandwich issues (I'm currently reading from my mobile phone), but I don't doubt they exist for some readers. Are there any specifics you'd like me to address?
- Image sandwiching can happen in any section where there are images on both left and right side. It is virtually impossible for a single person to test all devices/configurations, so it is best to simply avoid that situation. I see such image pairs in Walkways, Site history, and Planning and construction sections. Putting both images in those sections to the right side should be safe. Noleander (talk) 00:57, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- The sketch significantly increases the understanding of the article topic because it provides a layout of the park's landscape. This is particularly crucial since we don't have a map or aerial photo of the entire park. Furthermore, this sketch allows readers to understand the final plan for the park once the designers reached a consensus for this.
- I really don't see any copyright issues with any of the photos. The monuments in the park are for the most part comparable to the architecture of buildings, which is rarely an issue when it comes to copyrights.
- Fixed the Harvard citation error. This happened when I added the republication year. Also fixed the dead url source.
- I think this particular source is reliable because it can be easily demonstrated to be accurate. I couldn't find any discussion of the reliability of this source, but if it can be demonstrated to have a systemic pattern of unreliability, I will gladly cut it. In order to avoid reliance on a small number of sources, I tried to find additional supporting sources to coordinate as much as I could. Most sources are secondary and tertiary, and come from either books or news outlets. Bneu2013 (talk) 00:46, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: - Do you have any more comments? Bneu2013 (talk) 23:57, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Mm, if we are using the sketch only to illustrate the layout, then it'd fail WP:NFCC#1 as geographical layouts are not copyrightable. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 15:46, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: - so it's not considered free if it isn't copyrightable? Bneu2013 (talk) 22:18, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- I think they're saying that that sketch is copyrighted by the architect. And a fair use exception is not available because anybody - such as the nominator - could redraw the layout themselves, therefore an alternative to the copyrighted image is available, therefore the WP:NFCC#1 fair use is not available. But that is just my speculation... I cannot speak for Jo Jo. Noleander (talk) 23:42, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Ok. The image was published without a copyright notice. Bneu2013 (talk) 03:24, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'm not a copyright expert, but I'm pretty sure that images published in US without a copyright notice are still copyrighted in most circumstances. Wiki Commons has lots of details about US copyright rules here. Noleander (talk) 16:24, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yes, looks like you're correct. Would you recommend removing, or seeing if I can find the right copyright tag and rationale? Bneu2013 (talk) 18:07, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Another option is to draw a replacement diagram by hand ... as Jo Jo says above "geographical layouts are not copyrightable". I can look at google maps and draw a comparable diagram using Inkscape app, then upload an SVG image file that is free-to-use. However, if you are including that sketch for its historical value (hand-drawn sketch by the orig architect) then a SVG image from me won't be the same. Also, an SVG would have clean, crisp black lines on a white background, and would not carry the warm sketch/brainstorm aesthetic of the current image. Noleander (talk) 18:14, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yes, looks like you're correct. Would you recommend removing, or seeing if I can find the right copyright tag and rationale? Bneu2013 (talk) 18:07, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'm not a copyright expert, but I'm pretty sure that images published in US without a copyright notice are still copyrighted in most circumstances. Wiki Commons has lots of details about US copyright rules here. Noleander (talk) 16:24, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- Ok. The image was published without a copyright notice. Bneu2013 (talk) 03:24, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
- I think they're saying that that sketch is copyrighted by the architect. And a fair use exception is not available because anybody - such as the nominator - could redraw the layout themselves, therefore an alternative to the copyrighted image is available, therefore the WP:NFCC#1 fair use is not available. But that is just my speculation... I cannot speak for Jo Jo. Noleander (talk) 23:42, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: - so it's not considered free if it isn't copyrightable? Bneu2013 (talk) 22:18, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Mm, if we are using the sketch only to illustrate the layout, then it'd fail WP:NFCC#1 as geographical layouts are not copyrightable. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 15:46, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: - Do you have any more comments? Bneu2013 (talk) 23:57, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- The image https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Germantown_Historic_District_Historical_Marker.jpg is a photograph of an informational sign. The photographer released the rights to his photograph with a CC license, but the text itself may be subject to an additional copyright. The image can probably be kept in this article if the text is from some particular government agency, and there is a state law which says that all publications from the agency are free-to-use. I might be wrong, but I had a similar photo in an FA nomination (a year ago), and I had to remove it. Noleander (talk) 16:09, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- I found the image that was a problem for my article. It was a plaque erected by a non-profit corporation. The text from the sign here in this article was written by a county or city in Tennessee, so maybe that makes the text free-to-use. Also, there are three images in the image gallery that have the same issue. And if there is a law that makes all the text free-to-use, that law needs to be mentioned in the Commons page of all these images, I believe. Noleander (talk) 16:16, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Noleander: - I haven't been able to find any evidence that historical markers, or their text, are copyrighted in Tennessee. I know they are in some states, but I would think they would explicitly indicate this if they were. Here is a link to the relevant program. Bneu2013 (talk) 22:16, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- That's fine. I think we can assume that the vast majority of government writings are not copyrighted ... absent a written rule that they are copyrighted. So I consider this a non issue as far as copyright goes. Noleander (talk) 23:44, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: - do you have any more comments? Thanks. Bneu2013 (talk) 20:51, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
- So, given how long the text is it might be copyrightable. Government writings are copyrightable (although my understanding is that laws, decrees and the like typically aren't) but at times freedom of panorama might apply to plaques. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:02, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: - I understand that freedom of panorama can apply to plaques, especially if they contain quotes, lines from books, or other copyrighted text. However, freedom of panorama seems to apply to statues, sculptures, murals, and other outdoor works of art. I haven't found any evidence that the text in this plaque is copyrighted, and it's up to the Nashville Historic Commission to demonstrate this if it is. Bneu2013 (talk) 19:57, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Well, things are copyrighted by default - unless that particular commission explicitly disavows it. So I have been looking around and US freedom of panorama would likely not apply to this plaque as it ain't a building; it's more equivalent to a screenshot of a book. Ergo, it can't be kept. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 15:49, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: done. Replaced with an image taken of the site of the mall during the Civil War. Bneu2013 (talk) 22:27, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- The image gallery has several more images with plaques. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 11:52, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Unfortunately ... Gog the Mild (talk) 16:24, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: - these aren't plaques in the same manner as a historic marker. They are monuments within the park. If these aren't allowed, then I guess we can't have pictures of text like the epitaph at the Lincoln Memorial or the Washington Pier stone at the Washington Monument. Bneu2013 (talk) 19:39, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- To be honest, the large number of photos of plaques on Commons make me kinda wonder if I am wrong about some aspect of their copyrights, but I can't find it. Note though that not all text is in copyright; the epitaph of the Lincoln Memorial was written by Royal Cortissoz who died more than 70 years ago, so the author copyright has expired and the Jefferson Pier stone seems to be even older. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:34, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: - I don't see any evidence of copyright. If the author of the text wanted it to be copyrighted, I think they would have indicated this in a manner in which it would be easy to figure this out. The state park may own the plaques, but that doesn't mean they are copyrighted. Bneu2013 (talk) 23:47, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- Asked at commons:Commons:Village pump/Copyright#Copyright of photos of plaques in the USA to be sure. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:58, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Copyright only protects "creative" works, as defined by the Copyright Act, as applied by the Copyright Office, and as interpreted by the courts. Informational plaques like this are often iffy; many times, the plaque has text that simply lists names, dates, sponsors, or other pieces of information without creative elements, which would be inherently un-copyrightable (you cannot copyright information in the United States). This plaque, however, contains a full paragraph of prose that, to me, probably rises above the threshold of originality and would qualify as more than mere information. The Copyright Office and courts have allowed registrations for many similar texts, similar both in length and in content. This is certainly iffy because the text is not that creative, but I don't think I'd be comfortable keeping this on Commons unless we had proof that the Copyright Office would reject a registration or proof that the Historical Commission of Metropolitan Nashville and Davidson County published the text under a free license/similar situation. 19h00s (talk) 11:48, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Also, on the government work issue: Government works in the US are only public domain if they were made by the federal government or specific state government agencies (most California government agencies and several specific agencies in other states). State governments are not subject to the federal government copyright ineligibility clause, state-created material is governed by each state's own laws on this issue. You should not assume a state government's work is public domain (unless it's California), without explicit confirmation. 19h00s (talk) 11:57, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Lastly, to @Bneu2013's multiple comments claiming the Commission needed to explicitly state that their plaque was copyrighted: that is a fundamental misunderstanding of how copyright works in the United States since 1989. No one has to explicitly prove or say their work is copyrighted for it to be copyrighted in the US if the work was made after 1989. Works are automatically copyrighted in the United States the moment they're published if they meet the eligibility requirements for copyrightability. There are no © marks required and no registration is required unless the owner needs to go to court to enforce their rights. If a work was made after 1989, you should always assume it was copyrighted unless the author, the copyright office, a court, or common sense said otherwise (common sense, as in, if someone publishes a blank sheet of paper, it's obviously not copyrightable as it falls below the threshold for copyright). --19h00s (talk) 12:08, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- @19h00s: - I've done some research, and haven't found much pertaining to the copyright status of works by the Tennessee state government. The best I could find was this page pertaining to exhibits at the Tennessee State Museum (which is a different entity). But I think this make refer to works of art on loan to the museum in temporary exhibits. This deals primarily with records held by the state. I just haven't been able to find much about public art and art-esque objects that are owned by the state (as you said, the text on these plaques isn't very artistic/original). I'm sure there's someone who knows more about the law in Tennessee than me. But if the state doesn't want people taking pictures of these plaques and posting them all over the internet, they should indicate that. That's just my opinion, and I'm well aware that many probably disagree with this. Bneu2013 (talk) 03:17, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- Update - I've done some more research and still haven't been able to find much about Tennessee copyright law. Part of the problem seems to be national law results clogging up the search, but it's looking like there might not be much out there. Bneu2013 (talk) 03:37, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- So, a few things.
- a) Government works by state agencies in Tennessee are not public domain. Tennessee is not one of the states that has passed laws to make state government works copyright-free, so you will not find any information that says otherwise. The Harvard webpage you linked to actually lays this out explicitly and notes that state-created material in TN is under copyright.
- b) "if the state doesn't want people taking pictures of these plaques and posting them all over the internet, they should indicate that" is indeed just your opinion. In the US, a copyright owner has no obligation to tell people not to re-use their copyrighted material without permission. The law says you can't use the material without permission (with certain exceptions for fair use); the copyright owner doesn't have to warn you about that. 19h00s (talk) 11:16, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- Just to be extra clear about what I'm saying here, and what was added over on Commons by another user:
- The text on this sign was created by a state agency of Tennessee, which means the text is not automatically in the public domain.
- The text on this sign is long enough and creative enough that it would likely be granted a copyright registration, as the Copyright Office and courts have allowed registrations for similar texts. It's not simply a list of names, dates, or facts, it's a paragraph of narrative based on names, dates, and facts, so it is almost surely copyrightable as a text.
- Because the United States does not have freedom of panorama (the legal principle allowing for third parties to photograph and make use of copyrighted materials permanently in public places, like public art), photographing this sign and uploading it to Commons was a copyright violation and thus the image should be removed from the article and deleted from Commons.
- Unless there is something material we're missing here, this is where we've landed. 19h00s (talk) 15:45, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- Maybe I missed it, but I do not see where the Harvard source says that all works of the state government are copyrighted; it just covers some, such as photographs taken by the state. I also haven't found direct proof that the state has not passed legislation to place works of the state government into the PD, but I guess we should assume this if we can't find it. That being said, do you think I could come up with a fair-use rationale for these images? They do technically improve reader's understanding of the subject, although not to the extent of other non-free content. Bneu2013 (talk) 22:57, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- Because there is no state law or state court decision in Tennessee governing this, works by the state are automatically considered copyrighted by the employer/authors (the state and its employees) under a standard application of federal law, and the AG's opinion on the photographs is an explicit sign that the state will assert its copyright ownership over state-created materials. 19h00s (talk) 02:16, 14 April 2026 (UTC)
- Maybe I missed it, but I do not see where the Harvard source says that all works of the state government are copyrighted; it just covers some, such as photographs taken by the state. I also haven't found direct proof that the state has not passed legislation to place works of the state government into the PD, but I guess we should assume this if we can't find it. That being said, do you think I could come up with a fair-use rationale for these images? They do technically improve reader's understanding of the subject, although not to the extent of other non-free content. Bneu2013 (talk) 22:57, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- Update - I've done some more research and still haven't been able to find much about Tennessee copyright law. Part of the problem seems to be national law results clogging up the search, but it's looking like there might not be much out there. Bneu2013 (talk) 03:37, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- @19h00s: - I've done some research, and haven't found much pertaining to the copyright status of works by the Tennessee state government. The best I could find was this page pertaining to exhibits at the Tennessee State Museum (which is a different entity). But I think this make refer to works of art on loan to the museum in temporary exhibits. This deals primarily with records held by the state. I just haven't been able to find much about public art and art-esque objects that are owned by the state (as you said, the text on these plaques isn't very artistic/original). I'm sure there's someone who knows more about the law in Tennessee than me. But if the state doesn't want people taking pictures of these plaques and posting them all over the internet, they should indicate that. That's just my opinion, and I'm well aware that many probably disagree with this. Bneu2013 (talk) 03:17, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- Asked at commons:Commons:Village pump/Copyright#Copyright of photos of plaques in the USA to be sure. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:58, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: - I don't see any evidence of copyright. If the author of the text wanted it to be copyrighted, I think they would have indicated this in a manner in which it would be easy to figure this out. The state park may own the plaques, but that doesn't mean they are copyrighted. Bneu2013 (talk) 23:47, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- To be honest, the large number of photos of plaques on Commons make me kinda wonder if I am wrong about some aspect of their copyrights, but I can't find it. Note though that not all text is in copyright; the epitaph of the Lincoln Memorial was written by Royal Cortissoz who died more than 70 years ago, so the author copyright has expired and the Jefferson Pier stone seems to be even older. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:34, 10 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: - these aren't plaques in the same manner as a historic marker. They are monuments within the park. If these aren't allowed, then I guess we can't have pictures of text like the epitaph at the Lincoln Memorial or the Washington Pier stone at the Washington Monument. Bneu2013 (talk) 19:39, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- Unfortunately ... Gog the Mild (talk) 16:24, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- The image gallery has several more images with plaques. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 11:52, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: done. Replaced with an image taken of the site of the mall during the Civil War. Bneu2013 (talk) 22:27, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Well, things are copyrighted by default - unless that particular commission explicitly disavows it. So I have been looking around and US freedom of panorama would likely not apply to this plaque as it ain't a building; it's more equivalent to a screenshot of a book. Ergo, it can't be kept. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 15:49, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: - I understand that freedom of panorama can apply to plaques, especially if they contain quotes, lines from books, or other copyrighted text. However, freedom of panorama seems to apply to statues, sculptures, murals, and other outdoor works of art. I haven't found any evidence that the text in this plaque is copyrighted, and it's up to the Nashville Historic Commission to demonstrate this if it is. Bneu2013 (talk) 19:57, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- So, given how long the text is it might be copyrightable. Government writings are copyrightable (although my understanding is that laws, decrees and the like typically aren't) but at times freedom of panorama might apply to plaques. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 08:02, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus: - do you have any more comments? Thanks. Bneu2013 (talk) 20:51, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
- That's fine. I think we can assume that the vast majority of government writings are not copyrighted ... absent a written rule that they are copyrighted. So I consider this a non issue as far as copyright goes. Noleander (talk) 23:44, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Noleander: - I haven't been able to find any evidence that historical markers, or their text, are copyrighted in Tennessee. I know they are in some states, but I would think they would explicitly indicate this if they were. Here is a link to the relevant program. Bneu2013 (talk) 22:16, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- I found the image that was a problem for my article. It was a plaque erected by a non-profit corporation. The text from the sign here in this article was written by a county or city in Tennessee, so maybe that makes the text free-to-use. Also, there are three images in the image gallery that have the same issue. And if there is a law that makes all the text free-to-use, that law needs to be mentioned in the Commons page of all these images, I believe. Noleander (talk) 16:16, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- Bneu2013 ? Gog the Mild (talk) 12:06, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- Sorry about the delay. I'm going to see if I can come up with a fair-use relational, but if not, I'm going to remove the images. I'll work on this later today. Bneu2013 (talk) 18:06, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Gog the Mild: - I've modified the files with NFCC rationales. I think a strong argument can be made that these monuments aid in interpretation of the subjects of the park, particularly to readers who are unfamiliar with the state of Tennessee. I expect the overwhelming majority of readers are unfamiliar with the main topics that this park represents, even if they have heard of a few of the basics. I've requested deletion of the images on Commons and uploaded new ones to file space here, as I don't know how to transfer files from commons. Also pinging 19h00s and Jo-Jo Eumerus. Bneu2013 (talk) 02:57, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- OK, it pains me to say this, but this use of non-free images in the gallery section almost certainly doesn't meet WP:NFCC#8: "Non-free content is used only if its presence would significantly increase readers' understanding of the article topic, and its omission would be detrimental to that understanding." the "significantly" and "detrimental" to the "article topic" not "subtopic" Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:56, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Gog the Mild: - I've modified the files with NFCC rationales. I think a strong argument can be made that these monuments aid in interpretation of the subjects of the park, particularly to readers who are unfamiliar with the state of Tennessee. I expect the overwhelming majority of readers are unfamiliar with the main topics that this park represents, even if they have heard of a few of the basics. I've requested deletion of the images on Commons and uploaded new ones to file space here, as I don't know how to transfer files from commons. Also pinging 19h00s and Jo-Jo Eumerus. Bneu2013 (talk) 02:57, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
- Sorry about the delay. I'm going to see if I can come up with a fair-use relational, but if not, I'm going to remove the images. I'll work on this later today. Bneu2013 (talk) 18:06, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
Drive-by comment
- "The French Lick Creek passes through the site of the mall". Why the opening definite article. Gog the Mild (talk) 15:05, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yes, fine, but why do you five times refer to it as "the French Lick Creek"? (And inconsistently, once as the more conventional "French Lick Creek".) Gog the Mild (talk) 20:01, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- No particular reason, although the sources mostly put the in front. How to you recommend I change? Bneu2013 (talk) 20:33, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- If it is the consensus of the HQ RSs then fine, eg is it how the Metropolitan Government describes the creek? Gog the Mild (talk) 21:14, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'm looking in Google Books for "French Lick Creek", and so far I'm seeing every one without "The" before it. Google n-gram also shows without "The" is more common ... but I'm not confident it is doing the count correctly. Noleander (talk) 21:32, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- I think this one settles it. "The" needs to go. Gog the Mild (talk) 22:07, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Gog the Mild: - Done. Bneu2013 (talk) 22:35, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- I think this one settles it. "The" needs to go. Gog the Mild (talk) 22:07, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'm looking in Google Books for "French Lick Creek", and so far I'm seeing every one without "The" before it. Google n-gram also shows without "The" is more common ... but I'm not confident it is doing the count correctly. Noleander (talk) 21:32, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- If it is the consensus of the HQ RSs then fine, eg is it how the Metropolitan Government describes the creek? Gog the Mild (talk) 21:14, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- No particular reason, although the sources mostly put the in front. How to you recommend I change? Bneu2013 (talk) 20:33, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
- Yes, fine, but why do you five times refer to it as "the French Lick Creek"? (And inconsistently, once as the more conventional "French Lick Creek".) Gog the Mild (talk) 20:01, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
@Gog the Mild: - Is there still something you're waiting to address before promoting? I addressed your comment. Bneu2013 (talk) 23:04, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- I'm waiting for Jo-Jo Eumerus to sign off on the image review. Gog the Mild (talk) 11:01, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- @Gog the Mild: just fixed their final issue. Hopefully they will support change. Bneu2013 (talk) 03:04, 8 April 2026 (UTC)
Hurricane Camille
- Nominator(s): ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 00:21, 2 February 2026 (UTC), MCRPY22
This article is about a record-breaking Category 5 American hurricane that was the Katrina before Katrina. Hurricane Camille had devastating effects from the US Gulf Coast to Virginia, and it led to a variety of changes in how the US government handles natural disasters. I worked on the article with a few other users over the last year, so I am open to co-nominators for the FAC. I hope you all enjoy reading the article. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 00:21, 2 February 2026 (UTC)
- I'd like to co-nominate this one. I did a lot of the editing as well. Camille was a very significant hurricane, one of the strongest to ever hit the United States, and featured a one-two punch of a powerful landfall at the coast and devastating flooding inland. I am proud of the work we have done to improve the article. MCRPY22 (talk) 02:20, 3 February 2026 (UTC)
Support from HurricaneZeta
I'll try to do what I can do -HurricaneZetaC 01:46, 2 February 2026 (UTC)
- Image 4 should be tagged with the more specific c:Template:PD-USGov-NOAA as it comes from a NOAA technical memo.
- Image 8 says it was taken by a United States Coast and Geodetic Survey employee, so it should be tagged with c:Template:PD-USGov-USCGS.
- All other images are verifiably public domain.
- Suggest adding alt text to all the images per MOS:ALT.
- Hurricane Camille's precursor was from a tropical wave - from reading, wasn't the tropical wave the precursor? This would make "from" unneeded.
- hundreds of structures required new roofs, estimated at around 90% of the buildings - "around" is redundant to "estimated".
- Camille said in a circa 2014 interview. - MOS:CIRCA, "circa 2014" can be replaced with
{{circa|2014}}and it can be rephrased to Camille said in an interview{{circa|2014}}.
- @HurricaneZeta: - done! I never thought of the tropical wave thing, so I've probably done that on several articles lol. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 02:25, 2 February 2026 (UTC)
- Source [47] - needs DOI, which is on the first page of it.
- although there was no evidence of a circulation that day - I think "that day" is redundant to "By August 13" at the start of the sentence.
- Removed. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:45, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
- The depression quickly intensified into a tropical storm and was named Camille by the National Hurricane Center (NHC), becoming the third named storm of the season. - here, "named storm" is wikilinked to Tropical cyclone naming, but there is also "named" where it could be linked earlier.
- Moved. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:45, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
- In the center of Camille, the hurricane's eye contracted - "In the center of Camille" could be removed, since the eye would be in the center and "hurricane" already refers to Camille.
- Removed. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:45, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
- recorded in a trash barrel near Massies Mill. - might be a me problem, but trash barrel wasn't immediately clear to me - maybe rephrasing to trash can or linking to Waste container would help? This is also in the lead.
- I left it as "barrel" in the lead, because I don't think it's vital to link to waste container, but for the main part of the article, I linked as suggested, and went into more detail about how the barrel measured the rainfall (it was emptied before the rains started). ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:45, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
- [8] - add DOI
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
- [35] - add DOI if there is one and/or ISSN, the ISSN is in the document but for consistency with the other citations it might be better not to add one.
- Found the DOI! ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
- [46] - does this have any identifiers?
- Expanded ref. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:45, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
- [67] - add DOI
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
- [91] - add DOI
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
- [95] - add DOI
- MCRPY22 - this is the only one I'm having difficulty with. Can you see if you're having any luck? If not, I'll get a replacement citation. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
- Hurricanehink Found this with DOI. HurricaneZetaC 20:33, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
- Amazing! Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 20:37, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
- Hurricanehink Found this with DOI. HurricaneZetaC 20:33, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
- [106] - add DOI
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
@HurricaneZeta: - just checking if there were any other issues with the article. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:33, 9 February 2026 (UTC)
- No, not any I could find, so I'll support on images and prose. HurricaneZetaC 18:41, 9 February 2026 (UTC)
Comments from zzz plant
nice work on the article! I have some prose suggestions for the lede and meteorological history sections. disclaimer that I have no specialized meteorology knowledge, so I will be commenting from that POV.
- "...and later into a Category 5 hurricane, late on August 16." suggest rephrase to avoid repeating "late-" Zzz plant (talk) 14:24, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- MCRPY22 changed this. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:57, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- "After briefly weakening, the hurricane..." second sentence in a row to start with "after" Zzz plant (talk) 14:24, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- "Throughout the United States, Camille killed at least 301 people. This included 55 indirect fatalities, mostly from cardiovascular failure." I would condense slightly to "Camille killed at least 301 people throughout the United States, including 55 indirect fatalities, primarily due to cardiovascular failure." Zzz plant (talk) 14:24, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- That's not any better- Three clauses in a sentence is awkward EnjoyLightEnjoyTruth (talk) 21:10, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- I might add that the sentence was like that at one point, but it was changed because it made it unclear as to whether the 301 overall fatalities were mostly heart failure or the 55 indirect fatalities. For someone who understands direct and indirect fatalities it's a lot more obvious, but not for a more casual reader. MCRPY22 (talk) 23:22, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- That's not any better- Three clauses in a sentence is awkward EnjoyLightEnjoyTruth (talk) 21:10, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- although since it also killed people in Cuba, would it be worth just providing the total number of fatalities overall? since you later go into the region-specific numbers a bit anyways Zzz plant (talk) 14:24, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- I didn't include Cuba in the overall fatalities only because I wanted to highlight Camille's effects in the US, where it was a much more significant hurricane than Cuba, especially since the next part mentions Camille being the costliest. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:57, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- maybe this is where my generalist disclaimer really comes into play, but my gut instinct is that it sounds strange to describe a hurricane as expensive. costliest, maybe? Zzz plant (talk) 14:24, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- Changed to "costliest hurricane". ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:57, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- "The highest rainfall total was 27 in (690 mm), recorded in a barrel near Massies Mill..." do you need to specify barrel? I briefly thought barrel was some type of geological feature Zzz plant (talk) 14:24, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- Clarified that it was a trash barrel. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:57, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- "The name Camille was retired after its usage." this sounds a bit odd to me, would suggest something like "The name Camille was retired following the 1969 hurricane season." Zzz plant (talk) 14:24, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- Changed as suggested. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:57, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- "The depression quickly intensified into a tropical storm and was named Camille..." why is Camille italicized here? Zzz plant (talk) 14:24, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- This is the first time in the met history to mention the name Camille, so it serves as an introduction to the storm entity being named Camille, as well as tropical cyclone naming in general. Subsequent usages refer to the storm as Camille as a mononym. Does that make sense? ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:57, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- "Camille was located within an area conducive for further strengthening..." conducive to further strengthening? Zzz plant (talk) 14:24, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- Yup, changed. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:57, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- "...the Hurricane Hunters provided radar imagery of the center of Camille, but was unable..." subject-verb, should be were unable Zzz plant (talk) 14:24, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- D'oh, good catch! ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:57, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- also, who are the Hurricane Hunters? the capitalization to me suggests this is some type of established group/org Zzz plant (talk) 14:24, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- They're the group that investigates hurricanes every season. They're linked upon the first usage, but do you suggest explaining further what their role is? Perhaps as a note? I can do that if you think it's needed. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:57, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- "This was partly due to the Camille's small eye..." I don't think you need the "the" Zzz plant (talk) 14:24, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- Oops, fixed. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:57, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- Fixed! ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:57, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- Changed. MCRPY22 (talk) 17:34, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
@Zzz plant: - thanks for the review, especially as someone who doesn't have the most meteorology knowledge. The goal is to make the article accessible and understandable, so if there's anything else that needs clarification or changes, please let us know. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:57, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
GiftedIceCream
- Seems like ref 42 and ref 73 are duplicated.
" Upon emerging into the Gulf of Mexico"
- Looks like the URL for 42 is wrong HurricaneZetaC 15:54, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- Looks like the NHC Storm wallet does not link to the documents properly, I will need to redo those references. MCRPY22 (talk) 17:22, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
- I added a direct link for ref 42. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:48, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- And 73. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:08, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- I added a direct link for ref 42. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:48, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- "Upon emerging into the Gulf of Mexico" When?
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:08, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- "After briefly weakening, the hurricane intensified as it approached the northern gulf coastline, reaching maximum sustained winds of 175 mph (280 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 900 mbar (26.58 inHg) as it moved ashore near Bay St. Louis, Mississippi." When?
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:08, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- "Instead, Camille continued northwestward and resumed its rapid intensification trend after leaving Cuba." This is the second time it was mentioned.
- Where else is it mentioned? ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:08, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- "By early on August 16, the hurricane had emerged into the Gulf of Mexico, where it began re-intensifying."GiftedIceCream 15:08, 9 February 2026 (UTC)
- Oh, I thought you meant the motion. I removed the first "where it began re-intensifying". ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:32, 9 February 2026 (UTC)
- "Observations from the Hurricane Hunters indicated that Camille weakened slightly, dropping to Category 4 status late on August 17." I don't think weakening from a 175mph c5 to a c4 (at least 20mph) is slight.
- Hah fair! Dropped the "slightly". ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:08, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- "Camille subsequently re-intensified as it neared the coast." When?
- I'm not sure what you mean here. It's not an exact time it re-intensified, it was after the Hurricane Hunters flight. Originally, Camille was thought to have stayed a Category 5, but the reanalysis shows the peak at landfall. The "re-intensified" was a process. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:08, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- "Within 14 hours of moving ashore, Camille weakened to tropical storm status, as the track shifted to the north." This forces a reader to go back 4 sentences.
- For what? The time reference is how long after Camille it moved ashore it had weakened to tropical storm status. I felt this was the best way for sentence flow to demonstrate the information, as the NHC technically discontinued advisories while Camille was still a hurricane. But I didn't feel it was a good way to start the paragraph by focusing on what the NHC did, compared to what the storm did (and how fast it had weakened relative to its landfall). Does that make sense or would you like me to change it still? 23:08, 6 February 2026 (UTC)♫ Hurricanehink (talk)
- "The hurricane warning was extended westward, first to Biloxi, and later to Grand Isle, Louisiana, giving residents about 15 hours of notice before landfall." This forces readers to go back to MH.
- Why? The exact date and time isn't as important as the amount of lead time. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:08, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
I will review Impact later.GiftedIceCream 00:26, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
- I appreciate your review so far, GiftedIceCream, and replied to all of your comments. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:08, 6 February 2026 (UTC)
Bneu2013
Overall looks good. I will have comments soon. Bneu2013 (talk) 10:29, 9 February 2026 (UTC)
- Update - sorry about the slow response. I've really gotten myself into too much at once hoping someone will review my FAC. But I'm starting my review now. Bneu2013 (talk) 15:56, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
- What do you mean by things like “spell out 3 ft?” If you mean changing “ft” to “feet” or “3” to “three” that’s not really the standard. I don’t think any good or featured hurricane articles do that. MCRPY22 (talk) 14:37, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Per the Manual of Style, units should be abbreviated after being spelled out on their first usage. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:32, 20 February 2026 (UTC)
- Infobox and lead
- Cut second link to "Saffir-Simpson scale".
-
- On second, thought, the second use of "on the Saffir–Simpson scale" should probably be cut since this is described in the preceding sentences and is kind of repetitive. Bneu2013 (talk) 00:56, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Cut. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 01:46, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Meteorological history
- When exactly was the hurricane given the name Camille?
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 21:44, 18 February 2026 (UTC)
- Change "Mississippi Valley" link to "Mississippi River#Watershed".
- Changed. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 21:44, 18 February 2026 (UTC)
The newly formed tropical storm attained hurricane status by 06:00 on August 15, making it the second hurricane of the season.
- But it was the third named storm of the season?
-
- Not a huge problem, but it clearly took longer to name Camille than another hurricane. Why was this? Did Camille take unusually long to name? Bneu2013 (talk) 21:54, 18 February 2026 (UTC)
- Camille became a tropical storm only six hours after its formation, which was confirmed nine hours later when the NHC began advisories. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 22:51, 18 February 2026 (UTC)
- Not a huge problem, but it clearly took longer to name Camille than another hurricane. Why was this? Did Camille take unusually long to name? Bneu2013 (talk) 21:54, 18 February 2026 (UTC)
- Suggest a short descriptor of what the Super Constellation'c is; most people probably won't know.
-
- A description of a word or two would still help because most people aren't going to know what this is, and aren't going to follow the link. For example, they might incorrectly think it's a weather satellite. Bneu2013 (talk) 21:37, 18 February 2026 (UTC)
- Changed to - "There were also the limitations of the aircraft, a Super Constellation, as other aircraft in the Hurricane Hunters were involved in the cloud seeding of Hurricane Debbie, known as Project Stormfury." ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 21:44, 18 February 2026 (UTC)
- A description of a word or two would still help because most people aren't going to know what this is, and aren't going to follow the link. For example, they might incorrectly think it's a weather satellite. Bneu2013 (talk) 21:37, 18 February 2026 (UTC)
- Add
|spell=into {{convert|9|mi|km}}, per MOS:SPELL09.
- I'm not sure what you mean by this. Did you mean the "9 mi (15 km) radius of maximum winds"? ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 21:44, 18 February 2026 (UTC)
-
- Can you revisit your stance on spelling out the units? I believe it's against the MOS to spell out the units each time after their first usage. That's why almost everything is abbreviated. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:32, 20 February 2026 (UTC)
- Yes, the abbreviation makes sense. MOS:SPELL09 just says that generally "Integers from zero to nine are spelled out in words." There are exceptions, and while abbreviating figures after the first use isn't explicitly mentioned, I personally don't see an issue with this unless someone else can prove that it's a clear violation of a guideline. Bneu2013 (talk) 18:00, 21 February 2026 (UTC)
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 01:46, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Can you revisit your stance on spelling out the units? I believe it's against the MOS to spell out the units each time after their first usage. That's why almost everything is abbreviated. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:32, 20 February 2026 (UTC)
- I know this isn't required, but I recommend flipping references 5 and 4 at the end of the last paragraph in the first subsection.
- Hah no I think this should be required! I didn't even notice it, but it's been brought up in the past for me, so I appreciate this. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 21:44, 18 February 2026 (UTC)
- Suggest dash between "eighth lowest".
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 21:44, 18 February 2026 (UTC)
- Move link to 1935 Labor Day hurricane to first use.
- Add short descriptor for John Hope and Banner Miller.
- Turns out Hope was working for the NHC at the time. Added who Miller was. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 21:44, 18 February 2026 (UTC)
- Preparations
- Did people in Cuba have to leave the country completely? Or did they just move inland?
- I added that they were moved to higher ground. Most likely inland, but not to leave the country. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:14, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
The NHC warned
- I also don't like the use of "warn" and "potential" twice in this sentence. Maybe just "and 15 to 20 ft (4.6 to 6.1 m) storm tides"?forof the potentialoffor coastal flooding, heavy rainfall, tornadoes, and strong winds, warning for the potential of 15 to 20 ft (4.6 to 6.1 m) storm tides along the Mississippi coast.
- I shortened it. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:14, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Flip refs 23 and 10.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:14, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "Gulfport, Mississippi", with state name part of the bluelink.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:35, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- I'm guessing the mountainous part of Virginia didn't have weather radar infrastructure. Suggest small elaboration on this.
- I added more detail. The only radar was in DC and Richmond. Changed to the following. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- "After Camille weakened and moved inland, local weather bureau offices continued to monitor the storm, expecting that the remnants would reach western Pennsylvania. The only weather radar stations were in Richmond, Virginia and Washington, D.C., too far away to detect the thunderstorms in western Virginia. Weather forecasters only predicted upwards of 2 in (51 mm) of rainfall for the region."
- Looks good. Add MOS:GEOCOMMA after "Virginia". Bneu2013 (talk) 20:30, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:32, 20 February 2026 (UTC)
- Spell out "2 in".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 01:46, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- How many inches of rain did Virginia get?
- That's covered under "impacts". ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Pretty sure "dyke" is the British English spelling. Since this was in the United States, we should use American English.
- Hah fixed. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:35, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Impact
- Order refs in table.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:35, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Add inflation adjustments for monetary figures. I recommend using footnotes for this so the article doesn't get cluttered.
- There has been a lot of discussion over the years about whether to include inflation or not. Generally, the consensus has been that inflation isn't a proper way to compare hurricanes, due to the significant rise in coastal populations (all around the world). Just using inflation would make Camille's $1.42 billion become $7.3 billion by 2005, but $21.2 billion with wealth normalization, which takes into account population trends. If you're interested, I can add something along the lines of - "A similar storm to Camille would cause X billion in damage in Y year, based on wealth normalization." But I would rather not add inflation figures. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:35, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
-
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 04:11, 21 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "Southeastern United States".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
Hurricane Camille caused damage and destruction from Cuba, the southeastern United States with a landfall in Mississippi, and into Virginia.
I don't think you need to mention the landfall, since this is discussed in the preceding paragraphs. Stating that it "caused damage" (as most hurricanes do) is vague. I know the extent is discussed below, but I would say something like "caused extensive damage".
- Changed to - "Hurricane Camille produced a variety of effects from the Caribbean to the Mid-Atlantic states." ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 00:27, 21 February 2026 (UTC)
The NHC
describedstated that Camille "[ranked] as the most destructive of all hurricanes."
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 00:27, 21 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "cardiovascular failure". I'm also guessing many of these were related to stress induced by the storm.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "Lakefront Airport".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "Dauphin Island".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Flip refs 37 and 36.
- I went looking through the article for misordered refs and totally missed this one! Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:14, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Suggest linking "offshore oil industry" to Offshore oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico (United States).
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "drilling rig".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "oil platform".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Flip refs 15 and 4.
- Heh I anticipated this. Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:14, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "tidal gauge" to tide gauge.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Flip refs 43 and 15.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:14, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Italicize "Monthly Weather Review".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:32, 20 February 2026 (UTC)
- Flip refs 15 and 2 (twice).
- I'm embarrassed. Done (twice). ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:14, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "tung oil".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "Hattiesburg"
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "seawall".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "median" to median strip.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Spell out "1-foot"
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 01:46, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Change link from U.S. Route 90 to U.S. Route 90 in Louisiana in the photo caption.
- The source doesn't specify if it's in Mississippi or Louisiana, so I left it as the route in general. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Flip refs 66 and 42.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:14, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Move link of Lakefront Airport to first use (I mentioned the need to link it above; didn't yet realize it was linked here).
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 00:27, 21 February 2026 (UTC)
- Fix typo in "Oautside".
- Fixed. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Flip refs 15 and 2.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:14, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Order refs 70, 71, and 2.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:14, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Spell out "3 ft".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 01:46, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- In the Louisiana section, the first paragraph mentions the impact to New Orleans, only to move on before returning to it near the end of the second paragraph. I suggest ordering these together in the same place.
- Reordered. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
Storm surges in Alabama peaked at 9.2 ft (2.8 m)
- Fixed. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "Gulf Shores".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- Cut link to Dauphin Island here; move to first use, as discussed above.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:32, 20 February 2026 (UTC)
- Spell "3-to-5 ft".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 01:46, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "Pensacola".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Spell out "1 foot".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 01:46, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Flip refs 75 and 2.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:14, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Change bluelink appearance of "Santa Rosa" to "Santa Rosa County".
- I think MCRPY did this. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "Ohio Valley" to Ohio River#Course and watershed.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link first use of "North Carolina".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "western Tennessee" to West Tennessee.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:32, 20 February 2026 (UTC)
- Spell "1 in".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 01:46, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link other first uses of state names.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
Statewide, the floods damaged
or destroyed356 houses and trailers, including 48 that were destroyed.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 00:27, 21 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link Virginia State Route 626 in photo caption.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:35, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
The thunderstorms intensified and concentrated north and east of the circulation center as they approached the western slope of the Blue Ridge Mountains, which developed into "catastrophic cloudburst proportions", as described by a report conducted by the United States Geological Survey (USGS).
Borderline run-on sentence.
- Well past borderline! I split it to : "The thunderstorms intensified and concentrated north and east of the circulation center as they approached the western slope of the Blue Ridge Mountains. These thunderstorms developed into "catastrophic cloudburst proportions", as described by a report conducted by the United States Geological Survey (USGS)." ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 00:27, 21 February 2026 (UTC)
Several other locations in the county recorded more than 1 ft (300 mm) of rainfall.
Which county? Also spell out number.
- The previous sentence mentioned that the state's peak rainfall was in Nelson County. Should I clarify again it was Nelson? ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 00:27, 21 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "lidar".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:57, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- At the end of the first paragraph in the Virginia section, I recommend merging citations 81 and 83 using Template:Unbulleted list citebundle. Personally, I'm not particularly fond of more than three citations together.
- I merged the citations. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 20:20, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Spell "3 mi".
- Spelled. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 01:46, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Capitalize "interstate highways".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 20:20, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Pluralize "industry".
- Dones. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 20:20, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- The sentence
In Lovingston, the flood discharge along the Tye River was eight times the greatest on the 31 year record
could be better worded.
- How about - "The Tye River in Lovingston produced a flood discharge that was eight times the maximum on the 31 year record." ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 00:27, 21 February 2026 (UTC)
- Flip refs 9 and 5.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:14, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Spell "8 ft".
- Spelled. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 01:46, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- Reword
recorded in Somerset. Cape May, New Jersey, recorded 1.62 in (41 mm)
to fix MOS:SEAOFBLUE issue.
- Changed to - " In neighboring New Jersey, Cape May, recorded 1.62 in (41 mm) of rainfall". ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 20:20, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Order refs 80, 45, 87.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:14, 19 February 2026 (UTC)
- Aftermath
@Bneu2013: - I believe I replied or addressed everything so far (or my conominator has). Thanks for the thorough review! ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 00:27, 21 February 2026 (UTC)
- Yes I did address many of these, sorry I didn't reply to them I couldn't figure out how to do it properly. I'll try to scrub down the aftermath section for those reference swaps and blue links. MCRPY22 (talk) 01:43, 21 February 2026 (UTC)
I'm going to review the last section later today, then I should be able to support. Bneu2013 (talk) 18:08, 21 February 2026 (UTC)
By May 1970, the federal government had spent more than $25 million toward relief efforts, including reimbursing state and local governments.
I know some people don't like passive voice, but I think that works better here.
- Hadded, I mean added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:27, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- Add agency abbreviation after "Office of Economic Opportunity".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:27, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- In "federal highway repair and reconstruction", I suggest saying "Federal-Aid Highway", since these roads are technically maintained by the states with some funding from the federal government.
- Added link to Federal-aid highway program and worded as "The Federal Highway Administration helped fund repairs to roads, paying the entire cost of federal-Aid highway repair and reconstruction." ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link "oil spill".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- How long did it take to clean up and restore power to Keesler AFB?
- Three days before the power was restored, I added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- In the sentence that starts with
Other federal agencies included the Department of Health,
I think you can cut the "Other federal agencies included" part since the Department of Health is mentioned in the preceding sentence as assisting in the relief efforts.
- I cut the first part, and moved the DoH part to the previous paragraph. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link Department of Agriculture to United States Department of Agriculture.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:27, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- Link Huntsville, Alabama, and add a geocomma after.
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
along with a 200–bed mobile hospitals
- either "hospitals" doesn't need to be plural, or the "a" in front of "200-bed" doesn't need to be there. Also, I haven't checked but that looks like an en- or em-das in "200–bed". Pretty sure a regular dash is fine.
- Ack, changed to singular hospital, and regular dash. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:27, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- For the sentence
Representatives from HEW informed Mississippi schools that they would not receive federal funding unless they integrated their schools.
I suggest proving a brief background about how the state and several districts had been resisting integrations for several years at this time.
- Added! ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:25, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
- Italicize "New York Times".
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:27, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- I can understand how loss of habitat led to a decrease in the bird and squirrel population, but how exactly did the Hurricane cause the snake population to increase?
- The heavy rains lead to lots of flooding, leading to lots more bugs, leading to more frogs, leading to more snakes. The source doesn't directly say that, just fyi. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
cleared Mississippi beaches
fromof deceased animals
- Ugh, yea, that sentence was hard to write the first time around, thanks. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- Which did the sales of lumber and building materials increase more in the rural areas than Biloxi and Gulfport?
- Changed to - "Most of the new housing construction was in rural areas of the county outside of Biloxi and Gulfport." Hope that clarifies things. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
It was the second-largest in the history of the National Park Service.
- second largest project?
- Yup, added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- Bundle citations 113 through 115.
- I removed them due to verification issues. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- What exactly was the problem? Did they not support the content in the article?
- I couldn't access the sources properly, but it seemed like the source was the broadcast itself, rather than a synopsis confirming that the event was connected to Camille. Also, after further consideration, I didn't feel that the examples were vital to the article. It's not like they were well-known examples in pop culture. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:25, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
- Sources and other general comments
Note: All citation numbers are based on this revision.
- Add
|via=HathiTrustto citation 3, and 46.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- In citation 21, add
|agency=Associated Press, move "Newspapers.com" to|via=parameter, and add page number. If the number in the printed paper is different from what the website says, use that. - Add
|via=Newspaper Archiveto citations 25, 34, 54, 86, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 96, 98, 99, 100, and 101.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:27, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- Add
|via=Newspapers.comto citations 26, 33, 38, 61, 62, 63, 64, 70, 71, 72, and 84.
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:27, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- Add page number and
|agency=Associated Pressto citation 33.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:27, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- In citation 37, move "Newspapers.com" to
|via=parameter, add newspaper name in|work=parameter, add page numbers, and link clippings to both pages, the second in the page number.
- I changed it to via and added the newspaper name. However, I reached my limit for Newspapers.com, and I'm having connection issues to the newspaper archive. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- Add source name in citation 53.
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:27, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- In citation 60, I recommend cleaning up the links by linking the second and third page numbers. See citation 182 in Interstate 40 in Tennessee for an example of what I'm talking about. Also add
|via=Newspapers.com.
- Done! ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- Add both pages to citation 72.
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- Add page number to citation 84.
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:27, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- Add
|via=ResearchGateto citation 91.
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:27, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- add
|via=National Academies Pressto citation 95.
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:27, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- Add
|via=Google Booksto citations 109 and 110.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:27, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- I haven't checked because I don't have a great connection at the moment, but make sure none of the citation urls are dead.
- I updated one of the links that relied on an archived link, and instead found a better permanent link that's working. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:27, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- I noticed a couple of citations don't have access dates. That certainly shouldn't stop this from being promoted to FA, but it would be good if we could get those.
- A few of these issues were all in the same paragraph, which is about various parts of pop culture that referenced the hurricane. As I can't verify them, and I'm not a fan of "...in pop culture" unless it's pretty major, then I don't think it's absolutely necessary to the article. I believe every citation has accessdates. The only thing left is the part about the background for desegregation, which might take a bit of time. There was also an issue I ran into with Newspapers.com, where I couldn't access it after viewing five free views, so I still need to get the other page numbers for a few citations. @MCRPY22: did you have access to Newspapers.com? ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:33, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- Yes I have an account on there. That five free views thing must be pretty recent, I don't remember it being like that before, that's really annoying actually. I'll get those page numbers. MCRPY22 (talk) 23:59, 22 February 2026 (UTC)
- I think I got them all, the page numbers. MCRPY22 (talk) 00:47, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
- @MCRPY22:, what about the part about Mississippi segregation? Do you want to get that or me? I won't be able to look into it more until tomorrow. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 01:50, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
- I can’t do it tonight. Also thought I should mention there’s a book partly about the topic that’s set to release in May, but I’m sure there’s information on the topic out there now. Federal enforcement of desegregation with regard to disaster relief in Camille that is. MCRPY22 (talk) 02:22, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
- @MCRPY22:, what about the part about Mississippi segregation? Do you want to get that or me? I won't be able to look into it more until tomorrow. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 01:50, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
- I think I got them all, the page numbers. MCRPY22 (talk) 00:47, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
@Bneu2013: minor update, I added a bit about the SCOTUS and school integration. I believe we addressed everything! ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:25, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
- Great, I just need to read through the article one more time. Bneu2013 (talk) 00:31, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
Support pending all remaining comments are addressed. I added one more comment to the infobox and lead section; I like to do this section last after I've read through the whole article. Also, just to clarify, when I said to spell out numbers, I meant integers 0 through 9 per MOS:SPELL09, not unit abbreviations. This can usually be accomplished by adding |spell=in to convert templates. There are exceptions to this; in this case "Category 5" would definitely be one. If you all still need any help with Newspapers.com sources, please let me know. That being said, the article looks good to go, and I'm hoping someone else can take a look at my FA nomination. Bneu2013 (talk) 01:02, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
- I understand about spelling the numbers now, thanks, done! I really appreciate your thorough review. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 01:46, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
Steelkamp
I'll review this too. Steelkamp (talk) 09:19, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Steelkamp: thanks for the review! ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:47, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
- @Steelkamp: - was there anything else in the article that stood out to you, or do you have any reasons to oppose? Just checking :) ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 20:37, 26 February 2026 (UTC)
Lead
The word "landfalling" seems clunky to me. I suggest changing the lead sentence to "Hurricane Camille was one of the most powerful hurricanes to make landfall in the United States, hitting southern Mississippi in August 1969."
- Changed to - Hurricane Camille was one of the most powerful hurricanes to make landfall in the United States, hitting southern Mississippi in August 1969. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 17:17, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
"Upon emerging into the Gulf of Mexico on August 16, Camille strengthened further, first into a major hurricane,[nb 1] and then into a Category 5 hurricane, late on August 16." -> "Upon emerging in the Gulf of Mexico on August 16, Camille strengthened further, first into a major hurricane,[nb 1] and then into a Category 5 hurricane, late on August 16." This avoids the word "into" thrice in one sentence.
- Thanks for pointing this out. If it's OK, I changed the first part to Upon entering the Gulf of Mexico on August 16 - that gets rids of a word by changing the verb. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 17:17, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
"Throughout the United States, Camille killed at least 343 people. This included 55 indirect fatalities, mostly from cardiovascular failure." -> "Throughout the United States, Camille killed at least 343 people, including 55 indirect fatalities, mostly from cardiovascular failure."
- There has been a lot of discussions about this particular sentence. Your proposed wording would imply the majority of deaths in the United States were cardiovascular related, but that's not the case. The majority of indirect deaths were from cardiovascular failure. I'd rather not change this unless you have a better way to word it while still maintaining this nuance. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 17:17, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
"making it the country's most expensive hurricane". Should this have an "at the time", to indicate it isn't still the most expensive hurricane?
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 17:17, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
"killing over 153 people in Virginia and another two people in West Virginia." can be shortened to "killing over 153 people in Virginia and another two in West Virginia."
- Shortened. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 17:17, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
In the infobox, can a ">" be placed before $1.42 billion, like is done for the number of fatalities. According to the lead, its at least $1.42 billion worth of damage. Also, does this not include the damage in Cuba? Can that damage be included?
- Added. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 17:17, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
Meteorological history
Link Jamaica.
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:47, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
What is a circulation?
- Linked. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:47, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
Why is "Hurricane Hunters" capitalised? The link is to a page about hurricane hunters in general. Is there a more specific page that could be linked? Does this refer to the NOAA Hurricane Hunters?
- Yes, I linked/piped it to NOAA Hurricane Hunters, thanks. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:47, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
"The circulation to the north". It said before that there was no circulation. Maybe this is because I don't know what a circulation is, but this seems like a contradiction.
- Changed to "outflow". ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:47, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
There are a bunch of times that have "UTC" after them, but given there is a footnote that says "All times and dates are in Coordinated Universal Time unless otherwise indicated", I think the UTC can be removed as it's redundant.
- Removed. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:47, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
"which produced a high water mark of 27.8 ft (8,500 mm)". That conversion should be in metres rather than mm, as done earlier in the paragraph.
- Done, that got messed up somewhere along the line. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 17:46, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Not a suggestion, just a comment that I find it interesting that rainfall was measured using a trash can in Virginia!
- Agreed, it was a different era back then! ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 17:46, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- "Camille had carried out a required independent research project and impressed Miller." I don't really understand what this means. What is a required independent research project?
- Camille (the daughter of John Hope, not the storm) had to do a project involving independent research that was required, and her work impressed Miller. This is part of the background for why the name Camille was used in the first place. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 17:46, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- To be more specific, the project was done for an advanced high school science program, that's what the project was required for. Is that too much detail for the article? MCRPY22 (talk) 18:28, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- It could be changed to "Camille had carried out a research project for school and impressed Miller." I was left wondering whether this was a school project or if she was working for the NHC. Steelkamp (talk) 05:38, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- Changed to this. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 17:33, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
- It could be changed to "Camille had carried out a research project for school and impressed Miller." I was left wondering whether this was a school project or if she was working for the NHC. Steelkamp (talk) 05:38, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
Preparations
- "Weather forecasters only predicted upwards of two in (51 mm) of rainfall for the region." Can this be changed to "two inches". I was confused reading this at first, and the MOS says to use inches IIRC.
- MOSUNITS says only to spell out the units on their first usage (which it does in the lead). Would you prefer it read "2 in (51 mm)" instead of "two in"? I changed it to that to be consistent with other measurements. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 17:48, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
-
- Done. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 17:33, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
Impact
Pascagoula, Mississippi should be linked.
- Changed (thanks MCRPY221). ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:47, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Steelkamp, is there more to come? Gog the Mild (talk) 15:22, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
HF
Can this be a "thorough and representative survey of relevant literature" without using the Hearn book, which is published by a university press? The article is currently mainly derived from government reports and news sources. Hog Farm Talk 13:53, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Hog Farm: upon searching, I don't think the Hearn book is a major omission in the article. The Hearn book came out in 2004, so it is likely using the same reports and newspaper articles. Further, the subtitle is "Monster Storm of the Gulf Coast", so there's sensationalism going on just in the title. Then you get to the description. I'll quote it so I can highlight the errors.
- On August 17, 1969, Hurricane Camille roared out of the Gulf of Mexico and smashed into Mississippi's twenty-six miles of coastline. Winds were clocked at more than 200 miles per hour, tidal waves surged to nearly 35 feet, and the barometric pressure of 26.85 inches neared an all-time low. Survivors of the killer storm date events as BC and AC--Before Camille and After Camille. The history of Hurricane Camille is told here through the eyes and the memories of those who survived the traumatic winds and tides. Their firsthand accounts, compiled a decade after the storm and archived at the University of Southern Mississippi, form the core of this book. Property damage exceeded $1.5 billion, $48.6 billion in today's dollars. Fashionable beachfront homes, holiday hotels, marinas, night clubs, and souvenir shops were devastated. The death toll in the state's three coastal counties--Harrison, Hancock, and Jackson--reached 131, with another 41 persons never found. The rampaging storm then moved north through Tennessee, Kentucky, West Virginia, and Virginia and sparked flash floods that killed more than 100 in Virginia before moving into the Atlantic. Camille is one of only three Category 5 hurricanes ever to hit the U.S. mainland.
- Mississippi's coast is 40 miles long.
- The highest recorded wind gust was 160 mph, and maximum sustained winds were estimated at 175. They were estimated as high as 200 mph, but they were definitely not "clocked".
- The highest tide was nearly 25 feet, not nearly 35 feet.
- The barometer dropped to 26.58, not 26.85.
- Property damage was only $1.42 billion
- When the book was published in July 2004, Camille was one of only two Category 5 hurricanes to hit the US mainland. Hurricane Andrew wasn't upgraded to a Category 5 until November 2004, and Hurricane Michael became the 4th in 2018.
- Consider this Amazon review:
- Upon reading the book I understood why it failed to satisfy. Unlike some other reviewers, I do not feel that Hearn is a bad writer per se; it is very clear, however, that he lacks the gift for sustained narrative, and his academic tone undercuts most of the human drama involved. His scope is also remarkably small: excluding preface and end notes, CAMILLE runs to slightly less than two hundred pages in slightly larger-than-usual typeface, and of its seven chapters at least two focus more upon the general history of hurricane strikes and the process of their formation than upon Hurricane Camille itself. The end result rather like a credible if uninspired master's thesis. It is, at best, a minor account of a major catastrophe--and I found myself repeatedly frustrated with what I considered Hearn's failure to follow up interesting events and details in favor of information that seemed more properly suited to end notes. Still, now and then the personal accounts from which Hearn worked breaks through in a real and very powerful way; Hearn also does, I think, a very effective job in dispelling the myth of the "hurricane party" that was said to have been held at the ill-fated Richelieu Apartments. For these reasons I cannot bring myself to dismiss the book out of hand.
- I think the book might be a good "see also", as it provides personal stories, but from what I've read, I don't think it's a vital source that affects the "thorough and representative survey of relevant literature". ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 16:55, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
- I'm still not convinced with "thorough and representative survey" - just looking through Project MUSE on The Wikipedia Library besides Hearn there is Hurricane Camille: When Natural Disasters Became National Disasters published by the University of Pennsylvania this year, which is a 240 page book which focuses on the recovery efforts and their effects on national policy. I don't think Camille, 1969: Histories of a Hurricane published by the University of Georgia in 2010 would be particularly useful though because it is rather short and appears to be focused on ancillary aspects of the storm. There is also Category 5: The Story of Camille published by the University of Michigan, also in 2010. Can all of these books be dismissed as not usable or irrelevant?
- And then getting into the damage estimates - the April 1970 Monthly Weather Review' has damaged for Alabama as $8,000,000. The May 1970 Corps of Engineers document (which is difficult to trace to what exactly in this work is being cited due to the lack of page numbers in the citations for a 130-page PDF) lists 13,040,300 in Table 15 as "Summary of estimated damages within inundated areas" for Alabama. Table 16 then has for non-flooded areas in Alabama of 6,109,700 for Mobile County and 4,505,700 for Baldwin County. I get the impression that the MWR is mainly focused on building damage, while the USACE is also including losses to crops etc. So it's not like these early official reports are in such close alignment that there's no need to even consider later literature. Hog Farm Talk 16:31, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- The book you mention (Hurricane Camille: When Natural Disasters Became National Disasters) does not release until May, I have preordered it. You raise a fair point with damage totals from different sources, we will need to address that and there may not be a single definitive estimate. MCRPY22 (talk) 19:32, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Hog Farm: thanks/good catch with Alabama, I changed the state's damage total to $23.7 million, per Table 17 in the May 1970 Army Corps doc (which, I should note, came out after the Monthly Weather Review, and explains why there are some discrepancies). As for Project Muse, thanks for pointing me in that direction. I added more about racial bias. I will go through more of Project Muse sources to see what might be missing. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 04:07, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Hog Farm: I added a bit more to the aftermath, which fleshed out the long term federal response to disasters, and racial bias related to the American Red Cross. I checked into some of the sources you mentioned. "Camille, 1969: Histories of a Hurricane" is a lot of personal accounts, vivid descriptions of injuries from the storm, but didn't seem like anything vital to add. "Category 5: The Story of Camille" is in hyperspecific detail of pretty much everything the article already covers. But in my last two days of going through Project Muse, I found pretty minimal stuff to add to the article. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:09, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
- Has the reassessment of the reported figures for the damage totals been reviewed like I'm understanding that MCRPY22 thinks might be necessary, or just for Alabama? I still think that page numbers should be provided for the 130-page USACE report; this would be expected with a book of similar length. As an aside in defense of Hearn - the NOAA Hurricane Research Division does appear to have reassessed Andrew as Category 5 in 2002. Hog Farm Talk 03:21, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Hog Farm: as for the damage totals, only Alabama had to be changed, and to explain the discrepancy: the overall US damage total (uninflated) is based on much more recent estimates (published in 2011), and the Monthly Weather Review covers the state damage totals (and Louisiana/Mississippi/Virginia are all much higher than AL), released a month before the USGS report out of Mobile, Alabama. The Mississippi portion in the USGS report is only a small portion of the state, so the MWR still has a higher damage total. That's why AL was the only state affected. I also added page numbers for the USACE report. As for Hearn, I cited it to include the number of injuries (a lot of the book is hyper-specific, so isn't much use other than some general stats). Another thing that stood out in the book was the Mississippi death toll it mentioned (172). I came across that total before but wasn't sure where that came from (at least compared to the reports), but the book confirmed that it was including people who went missing and were presumed dead. So I changed the Mississippi death toll (but used a different source than Hearn), but kept the nationwide death toll as is, based on available sourcing. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 14:37, 17 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Hog Farm. Satisfied? Gog the Mild (talk) 15:23, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Gog the Mild - Yes, these points brought up so far have been answered. I have not had time to do a full review and probably won't in the near future. Hog Farm Talk 00:25, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Hog Farm. Satisfied? Gog the Mild (talk) 15:23, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Hog Farm: as for the damage totals, only Alabama had to be changed, and to explain the discrepancy: the overall US damage total (uninflated) is based on much more recent estimates (published in 2011), and the Monthly Weather Review covers the state damage totals (and Louisiana/Mississippi/Virginia are all much higher than AL), released a month before the USGS report out of Mobile, Alabama. The Mississippi portion in the USGS report is only a small portion of the state, so the MWR still has a higher damage total. That's why AL was the only state affected. I also added page numbers for the USACE report. As for Hearn, I cited it to include the number of injuries (a lot of the book is hyper-specific, so isn't much use other than some general stats). Another thing that stood out in the book was the Mississippi death toll it mentioned (172). I came across that total before but wasn't sure where that came from (at least compared to the reports), but the book confirmed that it was including people who went missing and were presumed dead. So I changed the Mississippi death toll (but used a different source than Hearn), but kept the nationwide death toll as is, based on available sourcing. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 14:37, 17 March 2026 (UTC)
- Has the reassessment of the reported figures for the damage totals been reviewed like I'm understanding that MCRPY22 thinks might be necessary, or just for Alabama? I still think that page numbers should be provided for the 130-page USACE report; this would be expected with a book of similar length. As an aside in defense of Hearn - the NOAA Hurricane Research Division does appear to have reassessed Andrew as Category 5 in 2002. Hog Farm Talk 03:21, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Hog Farm: I added a bit more to the aftermath, which fleshed out the long term federal response to disasters, and racial bias related to the American Red Cross. I checked into some of the sources you mentioned. "Camille, 1969: Histories of a Hurricane" is a lot of personal accounts, vivid descriptions of injuries from the storm, but didn't seem like anything vital to add. "Category 5: The Story of Camille" is in hyperspecific detail of pretty much everything the article already covers. But in my last two days of going through Project Muse, I found pretty minimal stuff to add to the article. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:09, 15 March 2026 (UTC)
Source and image review
The Richelieu apartment photos have broken sources, as has File:Camille 1969 rainfall.png. "Federal response to hurricane Camille: hearings, Ninety-first Congress, second session (Report). Vol. 1. United States Congress. 1970. pp. 11, 40, 62, 85. Retrieved September 30, 2025 – via HathiTrust." might need elaboration - a congressional hearing is akin to a court transcript, no more reliable than the person heard. Nothing that jumps out as obviously unreliable, but many of these sources I don't know well. Re: Comprehensiveness, it's not realistic for any Wikipedia editor to consult every available source on a topic like this one. So we'd have to stick to querying aspects that aren't covered, or to sources that are major but unused. Do the books mentioned above feature insights not discussed in the article, or assign them a different focus? Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 10:24, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- I will clarify here that what is sourced from the hearings is not any testimony from the actual hearings but information from a few reports included in the appendix of the hearings. Reports from federal agencies on their work in the aftermath of Camille, damages they suffered from Camille etc. I believe that the issue of congressional hearings having reliability issues has come up before, so I did not use any of the testimony given.
- The image sources appear fine on my end, could you elaborate? MCRPY22 (talk) 18:06, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Jo-Jo Eumerus and MCRPY22: I worked on the images for both Richelieu and the Camille rainfall earlier today. I had the tab open, and was going to write back, but I didn't have time to go through all of the congressional testimony. Thanks MCRPY for the clarification. As for the books, I haven't found much new insight in the books, other than a bit more clarifying details. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 22:06, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
- Hi Jo-Jo, how is it looking now? Cheers. Gog the Mild (talk) 19:34, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- I guess this works. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 16:11, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
Drive-by comments
- As "Category 5" on its own will mean little to non-experts could something like 'the highest rating on the Saffir–Simpson scale' be inserted into the first paragraph of the lead.
- The second sentence has - "A devastating tropical cyclone, Camille was one of four Atlantic hurricanes to strike the United States as a Category 5 on the Saffir–Simpson scale." Is that sufficient? ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 17:25, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- As a non-metrologist I don't know how severe a "tropical cyclone is. (It sounds, to me, like a low-level category of hurricane. And I am not sure what time scale the "four" is over. A year? Obviously not of all time as there must have been many before records began. We're an encyclopedia, if you use specialist terms like "a Category 5 on the Saffir–Simpson scale" you need to explain them for a general audience.
- I am so sorry, I completely misread your comment! Yes absolutely this needs context. I changed it in the lead to:
- "A devastating tropical cyclone, Camille was one of four Atlantic hurricanes to strike the United States as a Category 5 on the Saffir–Simpson scale, the highest category corresponding to maximum sustained winds of at least 157 mph (253 km/h)."
- I also added that same information to the body of the article, which is where the citation is. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 21:25, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- I am so sorry, I completely misread your comment! Yes absolutely this needs context. I changed it in the lead to:
- As a non-metrologist I don't know how severe a "tropical cyclone is. (It sounds, to me, like a low-level category of hurricane. And I am not sure what time scale the "four" is over. A year? Obviously not of all time as there must have been many before records began. We're an encyclopedia, if you use specialist terms like "a Category 5 on the Saffir–Simpson scale" you need to explain them for a general audience.
- "Amid favorable conditions". Favorable for whom or what?
- Added "for development". ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 17:25, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- "with a high tide of 24.6 feet (7.5 m) recorded at Pass Christian". Is that over and above the normal high tide height?
- Correct. I linked storm surge to cover this, and also added a bit more detail to the surge observation that it was recorded above sea level,
- That's nice.
- "... high winds caused tremendous damage, flattening nearly everything along the Mississippi coast ... The winds caused severe damage along its path in southwest Mississippi ..." This repetition, with only one sentence between, is choppy. Gog the Mild (talk) 17:15, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Agreed, I changed to:
- "The storm surge and high winds caused tremendous damage, flattening nearly everything along the Mississippi coast and portions of southeast Louisiana. The winds devastated the region's agriculture, and contributed to the end of tung oil production in the United States. In Mississippi, 172 people died, while another nine died in Louisiana."
- Hope that works! ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 17:25, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Yep except for my first point, where I have a come back. Great article BTW, one of your best. Gog the Mild (talk) 17:52, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Gog the Mild: ack, that's what I get for editing while sleep deprived, I totally misread your first comment. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 21:25, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Yep except for my first point, where I have a come back. Great article BTW, one of your best. Gog the Mild (talk) 17:52, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
Esculenta
Oppose. On WIAFA criteria 1b and 1c. The article is fairly strong on the storm's chronology, basic impacts, and damage statistics, but the sourcing is weighted heavily towards government reports, weather-office publications, and newspapers. That makes 1c (well-researched) the stronger objection. 1b (comprehensive) is also arguable, but I think it's more a failure to place Camille in enough social, policy, engineering, and environmental context, rather than as a failure to narrate the storm itself. The missing literature below is the best evidence for that. These sources are not used in the article, but I think they're the sort of sources a FAC-level article ought to be using:
- Mark M. Smith, Camille, 1969: Histories of a Hurricane (University of Georgia Press, 2011). This is one of the clearest omissions. The press description says Smith treats the storm's sensory experience, the link between disaster relief and Mississippi school desegregation, and the political economy of recovery, with explicit attention to race and class. That would materially deepen the article's aftermath and context sections.
- The link between disaster relief and Mississippi school desegregation is already in the article. Reading through it, I found a number of mistakes: it incorrectly describes what a Category 5 hurricane is, it incorrectly says that Hurricane Betsy in 1965 was more damaging than Camille, it said that Camille produced hundreds of tornadoes, which I haven't found mentioned anywhere (I've only seen three documented as being associated with Camille). Then it talks about the sensory description of Camille, which is largely quotes, which isn't useful for the article. So how is this one of the clearest omissions?♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 21:47, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fair point that I would not use Smith for the storm's meteorology. Having just looked through the book, I agree chapter 1 is not the reason to want this book in the article, and I would not rely on it for Category 5 metrics, tornado counts, or other technical storm details. My point was really about chapters 2 and 3. This is a University of Georgia Press monograph whose central concerns are explicitly "Desegregating Camille" and the "Political Economy of Disaster Recovery", so I do not think it is fair to dismiss it on the basis of some loose meteorological statements in the opening chapter. The article already includes the basic HEW/desegregation link, but Smith fleshes this out more; he treats segregated evacuation and sheltering, the wider Mississippi and national desegregation context into which Camille landed, and the political context in which disaster relief and school integration became entangled. Likewise, on recovery, the value of Smith is his treatment of differential recovery by race and class: HUD and SBA rules that disadvantaged poorer residents, the very uneven allocation of SBA assistance, the continued homelessness of thousands of families months after landfall, and the business-centred use of recovery money through the Governor's Emergency Council. I still think it remains a potentially useful omitted source for the article's social, political, and recovery history. Esculenta (talk) 05:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- "I would not rely on it for Category 5 metrics, tornado counts, or other technical storm details" - so why is this considered a reliable source then, and one of the clearest omissions?
- "the wider Mississippi and national desegregation context" - this is too broad for this article.
- "the political context in which disaster relief and school integration became entangled" - this is already mentioned in the article.
- "segregated evacuation and sheltering" - fine, I added this but used different sources since I question the reliability of this source.
- "HUD and SBA rules that disadvantaged poorer residents, the very uneven allocation of SBA assistance" - are you referring to the part about HUD paying rent and utilities for three months? That's some pretty technical stuff that I feel bloats the aftermath. As for SBA, are you talking about the forms being complicated and requiring an education? Again, that's excessive detail.
- "the continued homelessness of thousands of families months after landfall" - context matters. There were 200,000 people left homeless by the storm, and this chapter talks about 4,900 people still being in trailers a few months after the storm. That doesn't feel worth adding. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 05:24, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Judith A. Howard and Ernest Zebrowski Jr., Category 5: The Story of Camille, Lessons Unlearned from America's Most Violent Hurricane (University of Michigan Press, 2005). This is a proper book-length synthesis (not just a technical report), the kind of integrative source that would help the article connect Louisiana, Mississippi, and Virginia into one historical treatment instead of a set of impact subsections.
- I saw the book in my research and I dismissed it. It is definitely not an "integrative source that would help the article". The book is 250 pages of random stories and characters. I don't know why this book should be held as a better source than a technical report. Here's a preview for the start of each of the first few chapters:
- "Josephine Duckworth paced in the living room of her upscale home in Jackson, Mississippi." - there's a lot more like this.
- No disaster—indeed, no human event—is ever written on a blank slate." - this is poetry.
- "Cultural geography is never disconnected from physical geography, and thats especially true for Louisiana." (and then it takes four pages to briefly mention Camille)
- "Louisiana has been graced with a passel of colorfully corrupt politicians, including the likes of former governor and U.S. senator Huey Long, who was assassinated in the extravagant state capitol building he built; the recent governor Edwin Edwards, who as of this writing is serving a ten-year term in federal prison for bribery and racketeer ing; and three consecutive insurance commissioners who were convicted of various betrayals of the public trust." - fascinating. Barely a mention of the storm here.
- "On August 5, 1969, the National Hurricane Center in Miami received a stack of fuzzy weather satellite photographs from the national headquarters of its parent, the Weather Service in Washington, and they landed on the desk of Dr. obert H. Simpson, the NHCs new director. " - I think the technical reports do a better job describing the origins of Camille.
- I don't want to quote too much for copyvio reasons, but I'm not seeing much here that I haven't seen elsewhere, and no, I don't think it does a good job connecting the three states into one historical treatment. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 22:00, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- I agree that Howard and Zebrowski is written in a narrative register and is not preferable to the technical reports for meteorological detail or immediate storm analysis. That said, I do not think it is fair to dismiss it as merely "250 pages of random stories and characters". The review in the Journal of Southern History describes the book as discussing the broader lessons of Camille, including the Saffir-Simpson scale, flood insurance, FEMA, and disaster-management structure. So I am happy to soften my earlier wording, but I would still regard it as a legitimate example of wider Camille literature rather than an obviously irrelevant source. Esculenta (talk) 05:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- The article already talks about "broader lessons of Camille, including the Saffir-Simpson scale, flood insurance, FEMA, and disaster-management structure". ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 05:24, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Susan L. Cutter et al., Remembering the Coast: The Road to Camille, in Hurricane Katrina and the Forgotten Coast of Mississippi (Cambridge University Press, 2014), doi:10.1017/CBO9781139161831.002. The chapter is explicitly framed as Camille-in-context, and the accessible snippet says African Americans argued that segregation shaped the evacuation process. Later Mississippi public-history work by Cutter also summarises separate buses for Black evacuees and White evacuees, and unequal recovery afterwards. This would strengthen both the preparations and aftermath sections.
- Do you know a way to access this? It's not available via Project Muse. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 22:36, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- I have university access. Comparing it to the article, I think it has useful info on the social, racial, political, and recovery history of Camille on the Mississippi coast. The clearest missing point is segregation in evacuation and sheltering. The chapter says Black residents complained that evacuation itself followed segregation: African American evacuees were sent to Jackson State College, were allegedly unwelcome at the Robert E. Lee Hotel centre, and even the evacuation buses were segregated, while state officials denied those charges. The article gives evacuation numbers and mentions shelters, but it does not tell the reader that evacuation and sheltering were contested on racial lines, which I think is relevant information. The article already has a brief sentence about HEW withholding aid from non-integrated schools, but this chapter adds further political mechanics and significance. It explains how Guy H. Clark made the no-aid warning explicit, how Mississippi officials appealed to Nixon, how John Stennis intervened, how the desegregation deadline was deferred to 31 December 1969, and how federal officials still used Camille relief as leverage in the school-integration fight; this is background context that I think makes the fact more meaningful. Another area where I think the article remains thin is unequal relief and uneven recovery. It gives substance to themes the article only hints at: criticism of the Red Cross by Black leaders, HUD trailer rules that disadvantaged families with small lots or uncleared debris, SBA loan procedures that favoured applicants with collateral, and the persistence of large numbers of homeless families months after the storm. The article now mentions Red Cross criticism in one sentence, but this source would allow it to explain what those complaints were actually about. Esculenta (talk) 05:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- Segregated evac/sheltering is now mentioned. I also feel that the aid for school segregation link is detailed enough. There are entire articles on desegregation, I don't think any more is needed on that here. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 05:24, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Stephen G. Knowles, "Troubled Waters: The National Flood Insurance Program in Historical Perspective" (Journal of Policy History, 2014), doi:10.1017/S0898030614000153. The article already notes that only two communities participated in the NFIP before Camille and that Congress amended the programme afterward, but it sources this to a government report (Wright 2000). Knowles places the same events in a fuller policy-history narrative, tracing how the NFIP's near-irrelevance at the time of Camille forced an emergency rethinking of the programme's design. I think that kind of analytical framing, why the policy failed and how Congress responded, is what distinguishes FA-level context from a factual mention.
- "tracing how the NFIP's near-irrelevance at the time of Camille forced an emergency rethinking of the programme's design" - what do you mean? The program was only set up a year before the storm. Also, the only thing this document had on Camille was about there being only two communities with flood insurance, a fact already in the article. So I have to question what you're looking for here. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 22:36, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- I do not mean that the NFIP was a mature programme that had already 'failed'. The point is narrower: Knowles shows that the programme's original rollout model (i.e., voluntary participation after hazard mapping and rate-setting) was still so slow and limited in August 1969 that Camille exposed its practical weakness. The article already has the bare fact that only two communities participated and that Congress later added an emergency programme. What Knowles adds is the policy context explaining why those facts mattered. I agree this is not the strongest omitted source on its own, but I still think it is relevant contextual literature rather than a redundant duplicate. Esculenta (talk) 05:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- What, in your own words, do you think should be added to the article to address this deficiency? What are you expecting here? How would you change the existing sentences? The only mention of Hurricane Camille in that article is taken directly from the report on flood disasters that we already cite. MCRPY22 (talk) 17:49, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- I do not mean that the NFIP was a mature programme that had already 'failed'. The point is narrower: Knowles shows that the programme's original rollout model (i.e., voluntary participation after hazard mapping and rate-setting) was still so slow and limited in August 1969 that Camille exposed its practical weakness. The article already has the bare fact that only two communities participated and that Congress later added an emergency programme. What Knowles adds is the policy context explaining why those facts mattered. I agree this is not the strongest omitted source on its own, but I still think it is relevant contextual literature rather than a redundant duplicate. Esculenta (talk) 05:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- Kathleen R. Leyden, Recovery and Reconstruction after Hurricane Camille: Post Storm Hazard Mitigation on the Mississippi Gulf Coast (UNC Hazard Mitigation Research Program, 1985). This is a 164-page study devoted specifically to reconstruction and mitigation after Camille. Even from title and bibliographic data alone, it is plainly a foundational source for redevelopment, land-use controls, building standards, insurance problems, and uneven recovery on the Mississippi coast.
- While I don't have access to this book, this source (used in the article five times) cites the book for the storm's aftermath. I hope that assuages your concern with the lack of this book. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 22:40, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- H. C. S. Thom and R. D. Marshall, Wind and Surge Damage due to Hurricane Camille (ASCE, 1971), doi:10.1061/AWHCAR.0000085. This is a missing engineering source. ASCE's abstract says it evaluates Camille's wind speeds for structural-engineering interpretation, compares them to design winds, and analyses storm-surge heights. That would improve the article's discussion of what failed structurally and why, instead of relying so heavily on descriptive damage reporting.
- I think the article already does a good job discussing why certain aspects of the storm were so destructive, whether due to the waves, or winds, or rainfall. I don't see what's wrong with the current "descriptive damage reporting", as you say, especially using reports that are publicly available, as opposed if I was a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 22:48, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- I do not mean that descriptive damage reporting is wrong in itself. My point is that it is answering a different question from the engineering literature. Sterling and Strohbeck (below) is a good example. They used post-storm sonar, bottom surveys, soil borings, diving inspection, and structural analysis to argue that South Pass 70 Platform B did not fail from simple wind-and-wave overload, but primarily because wave-induced sea-floor soil movement caused the foundation piles to fail in bending. That is a materially different level of explanation from saying, in effect, that the storm generated high waves, mudslides, and destruction offshore. So my point is not that this exact ASCE paper must be used, or that public reports are somehow improper. It is that a featured article should reflect more of this analytical engineering literature where it helps explain why particular failures occurred, rather than only describing what was destroyed. Public availability is convenient, but FAC 1c is not about whether the sources are easy for a casual reader to obtain, but if the article reflects the relevant literature. On that point, I still think the engineering side of the Camille literature is underrepresented. Esculenta (talk) 05:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- But none of what you said is missing from the article. "Along the ocean floor, the storm created mudslides, and the combination with strong waves and winds destroyed three oil platforms." - this is succinct and accurate, but you are partially opposing the FAC for not using a source from the ASCE, when the article currently says that same information. Unless you can be clearer about what to add, then I'm not sure what to do here. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 05:24, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- Gordon H. Sterling and Gene E. Strohbeck, The Failure of the South Pass 70 Platform B in Hurricane Camille (Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1975). The abstract says the post-storm investigation concluded that the platform failed primarily because of sea-floor soil movement. That is far more informative than merely stating that offshore platforms were destroyed, and it would materially improve the offshore Gulf section.
- The offshore Gulf section already says - "Along the ocean floor, the storm created mudslides, and the combination with strong waves and winds destroyed three oil platforms, including one that at the time was the world's deepest oil well." That is already more accurate and informative than what the abstract says ("sea-floor soil movement."). So, I'm sorry, but I disagree again on the usefulness of this source. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 22:48, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Robert H. Chabreck and A. W. Palmisano, The Effects of Hurricane Camille on the Marshes of the Mississippi River Delta (Ecology, 1973), doi:10.2307/1935578. The abstract shows a before/after/one-year-after ecological study of the delta marshes. The current article is much stronger on built damage than ecological consequences; this source would add vegetation, soil, water, and recovery.
- Added to the Louisiana section. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 22:54, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- M. M. Morrissey, G. F. Wieczorek, and B. A. Morgan, A comparative analysis of simulated and observed landslide locations triggered by Hurricane Camille in Nelson County, Virginia (Hydrological Processes, 2008), doi:10.1002/hyp.6882. This is later peer-reviewed Virginia literature that the article should really have. The abstract notes more than 3,000 debris-flow initiation points and a model tested against observed locations and timing. It would update the Virginia section beyond the classic 1970 and 1973 USGS reports.
- I don't believe that a computer model from 2007 is needed compared to the more relevant 1970/73 USGS reports, but if you can find access to the full document, I'll check it out. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:07, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Fair enough that the 1970/73 USGS reports are still the core sources here, and I am not suggesting that a 2007 modelling paper should replace them or that the article must summarise the model in detail. Morrissey et al. is not just an abstract computer exercise detached from the event, it uses the later digital inventory of more than 3,000 debris-flow initiation points in Nelson County, observed rainfall, and published geotechnical data, and then compares the modelled timing and locations against field observations and eyewitness accounts from Camille. What that adds is some later peer-reviewed analysis of why the Virginia debris flows occurred where and when they did: concentration in the highest-rainfall basins, increasing frequency toward the end of the storm, and a discussion of factors such as forest cover, basin characteristics, and soil assumptions where the model overpredicts failures. So I agree this is not one of the strongest omitted sources on its own, but I do think it is relevant later scholarship rather than something that can simply be dismissed as "just a computer model". Esculenta (talk) 05:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- So it's a digital inventory of rainfall and field reports, as well as debris flows, all of which is in the article. Unless you can be more specific about what to add to the article (beyond just using this source in general) then I don't know what to add here. This sounds like excessive detail. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 05:24, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
- R. A. Morton et al., "Historical changes in the Mississippi-Alabama barrier-island chain…" (USGS, 3,000 debris-flow initiation points 2007), and J. Flocks et al., "Seafloor Change Around the Mississippi Barrier Islands, 1920 to 2016" (USGS, 2019). These are ideal for the long-run coastal legacy. Morton shows Ship Island was breached again in 1969 and has remained separated since then; Flocks explains that Camille significantly widened the breach commonly called Camille Cut. That would let the article treat Camille Cut as a lasting geomorphological consequence rather than a passing detail.
- The Camille Cut was filled in 2019, reconnecting Ship Island, as the article mentions, so this doesn't seem like a necessary addition. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 21:47, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- The article already notes that Camille Cut was eventually filled in 2019. My point is that these these sources place that fact in a longer geomorphological history (not mentioned in the article) by showing that the breach opened and closed at different times, was reopened by Ethel, significantly widened by Camille, widened again by Katrina, and only later closed by restoration. Camille Cut was a long-lived barrier-island feature whose history extended well beyond the storm itself. Esculenta (talk) 05:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- The source does not definitively say it was reopened by Ethel. It confirms that the Camille Cut happened on Ship Island during Camille, but doesn't talk about the restoration, so I don't think this source adds anything to the article compared to the existing text. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 05:24, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
For 1c: the article is not yet a representative survey of the literature. It does use some academic work, but it still relies chiefly on primary government reports and newspapers and underuses university-press and peer-reviewed work on Camille's social history, analytical engineering, and longer environmental aftermath and recovery.
For 1b: as a result, the article still under-contextualises Camille. It covers the storm well, but it gives too little space to segregation in evacuation and sheltering, fuller links between relief and desegregation policy, analytical treatment of some offshore and structural failures, and longer-term recovery and environmental legacy.
I also noticed scattered prose issues (typos, uneven register, unclear phrasing) but don't think it's productive to list these while larger structural questions remain. Esculenta (talk) 18:10, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Esculenta: while I appreciate you looking into more sources for the article, I wish you would have assumed good faith and compared the sources to what was already in the article. I didn't see anything to add other than the vegetation along the Mississippi River, so thanks for that addition. I responded to each source so you could see that I did read into each of them. Can you re-assess your opposition that "it's more a failure to place Camille in enough social, policy, engineering, and environmental context"? I believe the article has done that sufficiently, and I hope I've convinced you of that. If not, please let me know anything else wrong with the article. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:07, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
- Not sure why you're questioning my "good faith"? I did compare the sources with the article, and I have tried above to narrow or withdraw the weaker examples. My remaining concern is the broader literature coverage. Esculenta (talk) 05:04, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- @Esculenta Could you describe the
scattered prose issues (typos, uneven register, unclear phrasing)
? I ran WP:AWB/T and it found nothing, and the prose looks good to me. HurricaneZetaC 17:53, 30 March 2026 (UTC)- I wouldn't expect AWB to find things like this (a sampling, not the entire list):
- "300,000 truck loads were transported to one of 17 emergency dump sights"
- "Camile also destroyed..."
- "...this including 950 farm buildings..."
- "including" to "included". ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:50, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- "...running though 1980..."
- "Property damages to the offshore oil industry" (should be singular, "damage")
- Dropped the s. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:50, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- "The Keesler AFB sustained about $4.8 million in damage." —drop "The"; "Keesler AFB" reads more naturally. Also, immediately after this sentence there appears to be a glitched ref tag:
<ref name="keesler"<ref name="usgs70"/>
- Dropped "the" and fixed code. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:50, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- "the entire towns of Pass Christian and Long Beach were nearly destroyed" — "entire…nearly" is clumsy and a bit self-cancelling. Either "the towns of Pass Christian and Long Beach were nearly destroyed" or "nearly the entire towns…were destroyed".
- Dropped the "entire". ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:50, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- "the hurricane produced the largest storm surge in American history at the time, with a high tide of 24.6 ft (7.5 m) recorded at Pass Christian; it was later surpassed by Hurricane Katrina in 2005." — "high tide" is imprecise here; the article later uses "high water mark" and "tides as high as", which are different things. "High tide" normally means the regular tidal cycle; maybe "a peak water level" or "storm tide"?
- Changed to "a peak water level. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:50, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- "The winds devastated the region's agriculture, and contributed to the end of tung oil production in the United States." — drop the comma before "and contributed"; the two predicates share the same subject without needing a comma.
- I think it flows better with the comma. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:50, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- "From 02:30–03:30 on August 18, the hurricane moved across marshlands in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, while the center of Camille remained just offshore the state." — if the hurricane moved across marshlands, the center was over land, so saying it "remained just offshore" is potentially contradictory. The intended meaning is probably that the center tracked over marshland but not over dry land (hence not a formal landfall). This needs clarifying."
- Marshlands aren't technically land, from a point of view of a landfall. The clarification is in the impact section. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:50, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- "The only weather radar stations were in Richmond, Virginia, and Washington, D.C., too far away to detect the thunderstorms in western Virginia." — this reads as though Richmond and D.C. were the only weather radar stations in the entire country (sentence needs a scope limiter). Esculenta (talk) 18:39, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- Added "nearby". ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:50, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
- I wouldn't expect AWB to find things like this (a sampling, not the entire list):
@Esculenta: have we addressed your concerns sufficiently over your opposition? ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 23:21, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
- No, but at this point I don't think further back-and-forth is going to be productive, so I'll leave it here.
- FWIW, the concerns I've raised are not new or idiosyncratic. They are essentially the same ones I raised in a number of FACs on comparable hurricane and meteorological-history articles years ago (e.g. see , , , , , ). The names have (mostly) changed, but the story is the same: we have different standards for what "comprehensive" and "well-researched" mean. Given that we do not seem to agree on that point, and that it's difficult to take anything I say seriously, I'm pretty sure I have more productive uses of my time on this platform. The article has improved slightly despite my being here, so it's a wiki-win regardless of the politics of back-room deliberations like these. Esculenta (talk) 00:05, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- I agree we have differing takes. Per WP:WIAFA, comprehensive: “it neglects no major facts or details and places the subject in context.” In the FAC’s you mentioned, the authors either added the missing information, or pointed out that the new sources don’t add anything. And then- “ well-researched: it is a thorough and representative survey of the relevant literature; claims are verifiable against high-quality reliable sources and are supported by inline citations where appropriate.” I believe this article meets those criteria, but I’m sorry you don’t feel that way. Hurricanehink mobile (talk) 01:33, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- I saw this mentioned at Wikipedia talk:FAC coordination, came here, and found the discussion interesting. I won't commit to doing a full review, but could I ask that the @FAC coordinators: hold off on closing this for a couple of days to give me a chance to read the article and marshall my thoughts? Thanks. RoySmith (talk) 11:33, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- I agree we have differing takes. Per WP:WIAFA, comprehensive: “it neglects no major facts or details and places the subject in context.” In the FAC’s you mentioned, the authors either added the missing information, or pointed out that the new sources don’t add anything. And then- “ well-researched: it is a thorough and representative survey of the relevant literature; claims are verifiable against high-quality reliable sources and are supported by inline citations where appropriate.” I believe this article meets those criteria, but I’m sorry you don’t feel that way. Hurricanehink mobile (talk) 01:33, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
RoySmith
As I read through this (see my initial comments just above, at the end of Esculenta's section), I'll note a few specific things I've noticed.
- There were also the limitations of the aircraft, a Super Constellation What about the Super Connie limited their ability to see the eye?
- The plane was unable to move around the eye to properly measure the small eye. I wasn't sure if that was excessive detail for the article. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:56, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hmmm. I think either explain what the limitations were, or leave that out entirely. RoySmith (talk) 00:25, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Gotcha, removed. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:35, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- Hmmm. I think either explain what the limitations were, or leave that out entirely. RoySmith (talk) 00:25, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- The flight observed a minimum atmospheric pressure of 908 mbar (26.8 inHg). Knowing how an aircraft altimeter works, I've always wondered how an airplane could determine the sea-level pressure, so I did a little digging and discovered Dropsonde, which I'm assuming is what they used. You might want to mention that.
- Changed to specify the pressures were recorded by dropsondes. MCRPY22 (talk) 18:52, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- researchers estimated that wind gusts might have reached 200 mph (320 km/h). It seems redundant to say both "estimated" and "might have"; both convey the same uncertainty.
- Yup, removed. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:56, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- caused up to three feet (0.91 metres) of flooding I'd use "3" instead of "three" here, for uniformity with the 0.91 meters.
- And having the conversion to the nearest centimetre is false precision. 18:57, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- The combination of strong northerly winds and floodwaters nearly destroyed everything from Venice to Buras Was there something specific about the northerly direction which increased the destruction? If not, then just use "strong winds".
- The direction of the winds pushed water southward, causing a large storm surge in the area. That may not be clear in the article though. MCRPY22 (talk) 18:52, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- at least 5,000 cows drowned.[6] Earlier you had 10,000 cattle and 6,000 turkeys were moved to safer areas.[22] I'm not sure if "cows" or "cattle" is the right plural, but pick one and be consistent.
- Concurrently, the snake population increased in southeastern Mississippi, forcing residents to organize and hunt. It's not clear what that means. Were they hunting the snakes to reduce their population?
- The website hosting the source for this information is down, I'm not sure what to do here. MCRPY22 (talk) 18:52, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- From what I remember about the newspaper, yes, the increase in snake population led to snake hunting clubs. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 18:56, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
- consolidating federal disaster agencies.[115][116][119][28][120][121] I'm not a fan of hexa-citation clusters.
- Cut down to four. ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:35, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
OK, that's some specific items I just happened to notice. I'll come back later with some more substantive thoughts that more directly address the points Esculenta raised. RoySmith (talk) 18:06, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
- OK, after having looked at this some more, and read over Esculenta's section more carefully, I've decided I'll just leave the few comments above and stop at that point and not venture either a support or oppose opinion.
- Much of my concern centers around a general distaste for storm articles in general. I know this will be a controversial statement, but they're all the same and it's just fill in the specific details (dates, pressures, wind speeds, monetary damages, track, etc) into a template. Passages like "Hurricane Camille's precursor was a tropical wave that emerged off the coast of West Africa near Dakar, Senegal, on August 5, 1969. The wave moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean, tracked by satellite imagery. On August 9, the associated thunderstorms concentrated into a circular area of convection ..." could be dropped into any Atlantic hurricane article almost word-for-word. But this is the wrong place to having that discussion. RoySmith (talk) 00:37, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
- @RoySmith: that's entirely fair. I don't entirely disagree with your critique, either. Most storms form, take a general path, and affect a certain area, but each one is slightly different. That same mentality could apply to sitcoms, where there are the same characters taking the same path, and each one is slightly different. Or roads, all of which connect basic areas, got built, have the same figures. I suppose my goal with this article is that Camille at least feels special, compared to all of the repetitive other storm articles out there. On a related note, there has been a concerted effort in eliminating short storm articles (including the merging of three featured storm articles). ♫ Hurricanehink (talk) 19:35, 7 April 2026 (UTC)
Drive-by comments from Aviationwikiflight
I was going through all the sources, and at the same time, reformatting them if necessary, and I noticed that "Soriano Martínez José Alberto (1990). A Study of the Effects of Intense Hurricanes on the Coastal Area of Southeastern Mexico (PDF) (Thesis) (in Spanish). National Autonomous University of Mexico. p. 45. Retrieved December 27, 2025." was cited. The citation is a bachelor's thesis per this entry on a repository of theses. Per Wikipedia talk:Reliable sources/Archive 76#Bachelor thesis, the consensus leaned on Bachelor theses being unreliable. The thesis is used to support the following: "In southeastern Mexico, the hurricane dropped heavy but beneficial rainfall.
" Are there any other sources that verify this? Aviationwikiflight (talk) 13:43, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- No, this is the only source I can find verifying the rainfall in Mexico. But in the interest of comprehensiveness, an imperfect source is better than no source. Hurricanehink mobile (talk) 15:40, 11 April 2026 (UTC)
- Maybe a silly question but did you check the references used in the paper? MCRPY22 (talk) 13:23, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- The bibliography doesn’t specify which book the Camille rainfall comes from. Hurricanehink mobile (talk) 15:50, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
- Maybe a silly question but did you check the references used in the paper? MCRPY22 (talk) 13:23, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
